1. Glioma Stem Cells—Features for New Therapy Design.
- Author
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Pećina-Šlaus, Nives and Hrašćan, Reno
- Subjects
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GLIOMA treatment , *DRUG resistance in cancer cells , *GLIOMAS , *EPIGENOMICS , *IMMUNOTHERAPY , *STEM cells , *MOLECULAR biology , *DISEASE relapse , *GENETICS - Abstract
Simple Summary: Gliomas are deleterious central nervous system tumors that harbor cellular heterogeneity and infiltrative capabilities. They are biologically aggressive and highly invasive tumors that lack efficient treatment. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) with the ability for self-renewal that is responsible for tumor plasticity. They show tumor-initiating properties, are influenced by genetic drivers and display great migratory abilities. GSCs engage in a synergistic relationship with the surrounding tumor microenvironment to promote tumor progression and therapy resistance. A great effort is under way in order to find ways to eliminate or neutralize GSCs. On a molecular level, glioma is very diverse and presents a whole spectrum of specific genetic and epigenetic alterations. The tumors are unfortunately resistant to available therapies and the survival rate is low. The explanation of significant intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity and the infiltrative capability of gliomas, as well as its resistance to therapy, recurrence and aggressive behavior, lies in a small subset of tumor-initiating cells that behave like stem cells and are known as glioma cancer stem cells (GCSCs). They are responsible for tumor plasticity and are influenced by genetic drivers. Additionally, GCSCs also display greater migratory abilities. A great effort is under way in order to find ways to eliminate or neutralize GCSCs. Many different treatment strategies are currently being explored, including modulation of the tumor microenvironment, posttranscriptional regulation, epigenetic modulation and immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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