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Objective: to find an association between the serum CA-125 level and the histopathological type of ovarian tumor. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Medical Oncology, Jinnah postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi Pakistan from Jan 2018 to Dec 2019. Methodology: This study included 107 patients presenting with epithelial ovarian cancer. In each case, histological type, pathological stage, degree of differentiation and serum CA-125 was evaluated. The association between preoperative CA-125 and histopathological type of tumor were evaluated. Result: About 107 ovarian cancer patients were included. The mean age in our study was 50.80±10.16 years. Raised CA-125 level was found in most of the patients with serous histology 46(56.1%). Conclusion: Serum level CA-125 elevated in most patients with serous histology. A statistically non-significant association was found between raise CA-125 levels and histological types of ovarian cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the association of estrogen and progesterone receptor expression with the clinical and histological findings of endometrial cancer. Study Design: Prospective observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi between Sep 2017 to Oct 2019. Methodology: A total of 130 patients were diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma. Data from patient files were collected regarding tumour histology, grade, stage, tumour receptor expression, and the clinical characteristics: parity, menopausal status. The receptor expression profile was documented for each patient. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. The association between ER/PR expression categories and clinical/histological features were explored using the chi-square test. Results: The estrogen and progesterone receptor expressions were significantly associated with low-grade (Grade I and II) tumours and with Stage I and Stage II endometrial carcinoma with p<0.001. About 34 (34.7%) cases of endometrioid histology were negative for both estrogen and progesterone receptors. The ER and PR negativity was strongly associated with Grade III endometrial cancer (p=0.003). The majority of the stage IV cancers were negative for both the ER and PR receptors with a p<0.001. Conclusion: Estrogen and progesterone positivity was associated with endometrioid adenocarcinoma, well-differentiated, and less advanced stage of endometrial cancer at the time of diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the prevalence of histological subtypes of breast cancer and its association with age, molecular subtype, menopausal status, parity, obesity and tumor grade. Study Design: Prospective, observational study. Place and Duration of Study: The current study was conducted at Oncology Ward-4, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, Pakistan, from Apr 2018 to Sep 2019. Methodology: Non-probability convenience technique was used for the sample selection. All patients with diagnosed breast cancer presenting at Oncology ward, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center were included in the study. Cases with a non-confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer or those with unknown histological subtype were excluded from the study. Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 25) was used to analyze the data. Chi-Square test was used to find the association of histological subtypes with age, molecular subtype, menopausal status, parity, obesity, grade of tumor among breast cancer patients. Results: A total of 553 cases of breast cancer patients were reviewed in the study. The mean age of participants was 46.75 ± 10.852 years. We found a frequency of 91.3% of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (not otherwise specified) among women in our setting. The other rare types of cancer included invasive lobular carcinoma 2%, metaplastic 1.4%, and invasive micropapillary carcinoma 1%. Invasive ductal carcinoma (not otherwise specified). Invasive lobular carcinoma were significantly associated with luminal A type disease (p<0.05) while metaplastic was associated with basal type disease (p=0.006). Conclusion: The most common histological subtype of breast carcinoma in our study population was invasive ductal carcinoma (not otherwise specified). However, various rarer variants of invasive ductal carcinoma were also reported. Histological subtypes play a pivotal role in predicting the behavior and clinical outcome of breast carcinomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]