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Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy and one of the leading causes of cancer death among women worldwide (Mavaddat et al., 2019). The incidence of breast cancer has been rising steadily and for the first time in 2012, breast cancer was the most common cancer in women in India. Breast cancer seems to be more common in the younger age group as a significant number of patients are below 30 years. Aim To compare rate of breast-conserving surgery vs mastectomy in breast cancer patients Method and materials: Eighty- Six breast cancer patients were clinically staged using the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM staging. All patients were offered BCS. For large operable breast cancer (LOBC) and locally advanced breast cancer (LABC), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by BCS was offered to these patients who wish to conserve their breast. Results and Observations: Right side was involved in 52% and left in 48%. There were 64% pre- /perimenopausal and 36% postmenopausal patients. Upper outer quadrant was involved in 55% and upper inner in 45%. Early breast cancer (EBC) was involved in 72%, large operable breast cancer (LOBC) in 15% and locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) in 13%. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Mastectomy was performed in 30 and breast conserving surgery on 56. Lumpectomy in 26, quadrantectomy in 10, revision of positive or unknown margins post-lumpectomy in 12 and wire-guided wide local excision of non-palpable lump in 8 cases. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Common subtype ER+/PR+/HER2- in T1 was seen in 7, in T2 in 18, in T3 in 22 and in T4 in 18. ER+/PR+/HER2+ in T1 was seen in 2, T2 in 4, ER-/PR-/HER2+ was seen in 3 in T1 and 2 in T2 and triple negative 2 in T1 and 10 in T2. Mastectomy was performed in 61% ER+/PR+/HER2-, 47% ER+/PR+/HER2+, 78% ER-/PR-/HER2+ and 56% triple negative subtypes and BCS in 39% ER+/PR+/HER2-, 53% ER+/PR+/HER2+, 22% ER-/PR-/HER2+ and 44% triple negative subtypes. The difference was significant (P< 0.05) Conclusion: The incidence rates of breast cancer and death are rising in many Asian countries that threatens the health of Asian population. Increased age, early menarche, delayed first menstruation, peri menopausal women and family history positive are common major risk factors associated with breast cancer in India and Asia. Majority of the women presented with early breast cancer which makes them suitable for breast conserving surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer staging criteria do not rely on examination of neuronal tissue. The authors previously demonstrated that perineural invasion is an independent prognostic factor of outcomes in colorectal cancer. For the current study, they hypothesized that neurogenesis occurs in colorectal cancer and portends an aggressive tumor phenotype. METHODS: In total, samples from 236 patients with colorectal cancer were used to create a tissue array and database. Tissue array slides were immunostained for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) to identify nerve tissue. The correlation between markers of neurogenesis and oncologic outcomes was determined. The effect of colorectal cancer cells on stimulating neurogenesis in vitro was evaluated using a dorsal root ganglia coculture model. RESULTS: Patients whose tumors exhibited high degrees of neurogenesis had 50% reductions in 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival compared with patients whose tumors contained no detectable neurogenesis ( P = .002 and P = .006, respectively). Patients with stage II disease and high degrees of neurogenesis had greater reductions in 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival compared with lymph node-negative patients with no neurogenesis ( P = .002 and P = .008, respectively). Patients with stage II disease and high degrees of neurogenesis had lower 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival compared with patients who had stage III disease with no neurogenesis ( P = .01 and P = .008, respectively). Colorectal cancer cells stimulated neurogenesis and exhibited evidence of neuroepithelial interactions between nerves and tumor cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: Neurogenesis in colorectal cancer appeared to play a critical role in colorectal cancer progression. Furthermore, the current results indicated that neurogenesis functions as an independent predictor of outcomes and may play a role in therapy stratification for patients with lymph node-negative disease. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]