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This book intends to report new concept of onco-spheres in cancer ecosystem. Onco-spheres are defined as where cancer cells (living organisms) dynamically interact with nontumor cellular (other living organisms) and noncellular components (non-living environmental factors) in the ‘host'internal environment (habitat) to construct a self-sustainable cancer ecosystem, which can be scoped at three different levels: primary/regional, distal and systemic onco-spheres. Cancer cells should be conceived as ‘living organisms', interacting with cellular or noncellular components in the host internal environment, not only with the local tumor microenvironment (TME) but also constantly communicating with a distant organ niche as well interacting with the host's nervous, endocrine and immune systems, to construct a self-sustainable ‘biosphere', as we termed the tumor ecosystem. By looking at theinteraction of cancer and host as a unique ecosystem, we will use ecology principles to further delineate the features of the dynamics of the tumor ecosystem. As the pioneer in proposing this concept, we feel that this full-scale overview of the tumor ecosystem is able to inform the readers about this concept, and to pave the way for designing novel therapeutic strategies on actionable targets within tumor ecosystem. The book is likely to be of interest to immunologist, biologist, medical students, researchers and general public who wish to learn more on this new concept of tumor ecosystem, and how this could be applied in many fields of research.

This revised and updated new edition of a successful book is a multidisciplinary, comprehensive guide to occupational factors of malignant diseases.Building on the first edition, new research discoveries and their consequences in our understanding on carcinogenic mechanisms, diagnosis and attribution of occupational cancers are discussed. Examples of such discoveries are germline and acquired mutations of BAP1 in malignant mesothelioma, which have led to changes in diagnostic criteria, and carcinogen-specific genetic and epigenetic alterations in lung cancer. There are several new chapters, including gastrointestinal cancers, epidemiology of lung cancer, cancer of thyroid, and the role of primary health care in occupational cancer control.Occupational Cancers is aimed at experienced and trainee oncologists, pathologists, clinicians in occupational health, and pulmonologists, as well as epidemiologists, clinical researchers, lawyers and public health officials.

This book is a comprehensive guide to occupational factors of malignant diseases. It discusses potentially work-related malignancies, in the context of exposure assessment, specific clinical and pathological features of occupational cancer and biomarkers of exposure and disease. Epidemiological data about risk ratios of the cancer in question are reviewed for various occupations and with exposure to specific carcinogens, carcinogenic mechanisms, host susceptibility factors (genetic and other) and other environmental and life-style risk factors. Aspects such as surveillance of workers exposed to carcinogens and strategies for prevention of occupational cancer are also discussed.Occupational Cancers is aimed at oncologists, pathologists, residents in training, clinical researchers, clinicians in occupational health, epidemiologists, pulmonologists, lawyers and public health officials.

Durch den molekularbiologischen Erkenntnisfortschritt und die damit zusammenhängenden Methodenentwicklungen sowie die kürzlich gelungene Entschlüsselung des menschlichen Genoms ergeben sich auch für die Krebsforschung und insbesondere für die Früherkennung hereditärer Tumore durch eine umfassende Gendiagnostik neue Möglichkeiten für die Erfassung von genetischen Risikofaktoren, die zur Krebsentstehung prädisponieren. In 19 Kapiteln werden von ausgewiesenen Experten die heute erkennbaren molekularen Ursachen von hereditären Krebserkrankungen dargestellt. Die Themen reichen von malignen Veränderungen des Auges, der Haut und der Brust bis zu Tumorerkrankungen der Bauchspeicheldrüse, der Niere und der Prostata. In 5 Kapiteln werden gastrointestinale Erkrankungen in einem gesonderten Abschnitt beschrieben.

This volume includes contributions presented at the Second International Sym­ posium on Nutrition and Cancer, held in Naples, Italy, in October 1998 at the National Tumor Institute'Fondazione Pascale.'During the Conference, experts from different disciplines discussed pivotal and timely subjects on the interactions between human nutrition and the development of malignancies. Comparing the themes of this Meeting with those discussed at the First Sympo­ sium in 1992, the major scientific advancements certainly derive from the extensive use of molecular approaches to perform research in nutrition. Moreover, the fundamental observation of R. Doll and R. Peto (1981), which suggested that at least 35% of all cancers (with large differences among different tumors) might be prevented by dietary regimens, has been definitively confirmed by epidemiological studies. On the other hand, the relationships between diet and cancer are quite intricate and complex; it is difficult, and at the same time not methodologically correct, to reduce them to simple terms. Metabolic and hormonal factors, contaminants and biological agents, and deficiency of specific protective nutrients are all pieces of the same puzzle.

A large proportion of cancers is preventable. External factors, discovered by epidemiological studies during the last 50 years, account for a majority of all cancer deaths. However, still rather little is known, about how environmental and genetic factors interact, how they may regulate gene activation etc. And it is a long way from the discovery of a basic regulatory mechanism to practical patient treatment. This volume describes the present state of the art in carcinogenesis, possibilities for cancer prevention, and gives genetic background in cancer development. Attention is given to the host-environment interaction, considering how this interaction may lead to cancer formation and how it can be utilised in cancer prevention. The molecular basis for cancer development and the molecular basis for prevention are described.

Ovarian carcinoma continues to be responsible for more deaths than all other gynecologic malignancies combined, due to a continued inability to achieve detection of early (rather than advanced) stage disease and the lack of effective tumor-specific therapeutics. Ovarian carcinogenesis, invasion, and metastatic dissemination require a complex cascade of interrelated genetic, molecular, and biochemical events that regulate the neoplastic transition of normal ovarian surface epithelium. This volume summarizes recent advances in ovarian cancer detection and treatment and provides an analysis of current research into aspects of malignant transformation, growth control, and metastasis. A more detailed understanding of these processes may ultimately translate into the development of novel approaches for the detection and control of ovarian cancer.

The Helene Harris Memorial Trust has become recognized as providing one of the most important international fora for the presentation of research in ovarian cancer. Four biennial meetings have taken place, the most recent of which was held between May 11-14, 1993, in Toronto, Canada. This forum has grown in stature from its inception in 1987 and has brought together interdisciplinary clinical and scientific researchers from around the world who are endeavouring to perform'cutting edge'studies in the field. The assembled group of presti­ gious investigators met on this occasion to present their data, to exchange ideas, and to arrange collaborations with the goal of developing new means of detection, treatment and cure of ovarian cancer. The incentive for the establishment of the Trust and its international forum was the prema­ ture loss through ovarian cancer of Helene Harris, the wife of Mr John Harris. Mr Harris and the Trustees looked for a meaningful way to honour the memory of Helene and to advance the noble cause of gaining an increase in the scientific knowledge of the subject. For those of us who spend most of our waking hours assisting patients and their families who are devastated by this disease, the Trust's generosity provides inspiration, hope and the opportunity for their practical application in a unique professional forum.

This book reviews the epidemiological associations between insulin resistance and cancer. This is followed by reviews of animal models which support this relationship and provide insight into potential mechanisms. Several chapters then provide detailed examination of the cellular and molecular changes characterizing the insulin resistant state, such as hyperinsulinemia, abnormal metabolism and hormone signaling, and how these interact with various tumor characteristics. For example some tumors present increased quantities of the fetal form of the insulin receptor, unique regulation of oxidative (Krebs'cycle) metabolism (Warburg effect), as well as mutations in various relevant signaling pathways. Finally, the clinical implications of these data are integrated with considerations of insulin “sensitization” and potential metabolic interventions to prevent and treat cancer. It should be noted that while a number of cancers are associated with obesity the authors here have focused primarily on breast cancer as a key and significant model.

The World Health Organization has identified chronic alcohol consumption as one of the top ten risk factors for worldwide burden of disease. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has identified alcohol as carcinogenic to humans, including cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, colon, liver and breast. Alcohol's actions may be direct e.g. effects on retinoic acid and one-carbon metabolism, or indirect, through metabolites such as acetaldehyde and reactive oxygen species or through various signaling pathways that influence cell cycle and apoptosis that may contribute to carcinogenesis. This report reviews the state of the art in alcohol-related cancer research in ten chapters.

This publication represents the result of the fruitful workshop organised with the aim to attract the attention on the possibility of bio terrorism attack, with the s- port of NATO funds. In the last years the attention was strongly concentrated on the terrorism view similar to “military type attacks:” bomb on the trains, kamikazes, airplanes etc. As consequence many devices studied are directed to prevent these attacks such as the control of the passengers before the flight. For the people terrorism is therefore equivalent to bomb or similar and nobody think that there is also other possible and sophisticated means that can be used by the terrorist. In 1995 Sarin gas in the Tokio subway killed 12 people and affected 5,000 persons. In the USA anthrax was sent by mail to many federal offices. These events and other cases attract the attention on these possible terrorist attacks and the first recommendations for preventing theses events were\elaborated in the United State and in Europe. The possible agents and the modality that can be used for the diffusion are analysed and food and water are considered the principal and more favourable way. The story and the principal decision about this were reported in the first article of this collection which introduces the concept of bio-terrorism.

The consummate reference source for medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, internists, surgical oncologists, and others who treat cancer patients, Cancer Medicine 8 covers the ever-widening sphere of current cancer knowledge and clinical practice. In this new 8th edition an outstanding editorial team from world-renowned medical centers continues to hone the leading edge forged in previous editions, with timely information on biology, immunology, etiology, epidemiology, prevention, screening, pathology, imaging, and therapy. The book is a testament to the editorial panel's creed--that innovative, comprehensive, multidisciplinary treatment of cancer patients must be grounded in a fundamental understanding of cancer biology. Cancer Medicine 8 does a superb job of bringing scientific principles into clinical practice. This text is the ultimate resource of new information providing the basis for better informed cancer therapy choices. Cancer Medicine 8 features hundreds of 4-color illustrations, photographs, tables, graphs and algorithms that make this text an invaluable clinical tool in recognizing characteristic appearances of both patient and tissue.

This essential volume brings together the key thinking in both investigation and management of the cancer patient. It presents a comprehensive caseload as seen by the oncologist. These are common yet challenging real-life patient scenarios, which the authors resolve by drawing on the latest published literature. Each case begins with a few practical questions to stimulate the reader. This is followed by clinical presentation and the reader is led through the logical work-up of a case to reach a diagnosis. An algorithm accompanies most cases to provide a rapid pictorial overview of the clinical steps involved. Essential references are provided. Each of the major areas of cancer is covered, along with pain, management of chemotherapy, and psychological issues. This book provides an up to date reference for the busy practitioner. It will be an essential companion for the oncologist, for the specialist in other areas seeking to improve his understanding of cancer, and for the interested GP.

Carrying on the tradition established by its founding editor, the late Dr. Martin Abeloff, the 4th Edition of this respected reference synthesizes all of the latest oncology knowledge in one practical, clinically focused, easy-to-use volume. It incorporates basic science, pathology, diagnosis, management, outcomes, rehabilitation, and prevention – all in one convenient resource – equipping you to overcome your toughest clinical challenges. What's more, you can access the complete contents of this Expert Consult title online, and tap into its unparalleled guidance wherever and whenever you need it most!Equips you to select the most appropriate tests and imaging studies for diagnosing and staging each type of cancer, and manage your patients most effectively using all of the latest techniques and approaches. Explores all of the latest scientific discoveries'implications for cancer diagnosis and management. Employs a multidisciplinary approach - with contributions from pathologists, radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, and surgical oncologists - for well-rounded perspectives on the problems you face. Offers a user-friendly layout with a consistent chapter format • summary boxes • a full-color design • and more than 1,445 illustrations (1,200 in full color), to make reference easy and efficient.Offers access to the book's complete contents online – fully searchable – from anyplace with an Internet connection. Presents discussions on cutting-edge new topics including nanotechnology, functional imaging, signal transduction inhibitors, hormone modulators, complications of transplantation, and much more. Includes an expanded color art program that highlights key points, illustrates relevant science and clinical problems, and enhances your understanding of complex concepts.

Établir un diagnostic précoce, définir une stratégie adaptée et offrir une meilleure qualité de vie chez le sujet âgé atteint de cancer constituent les défis de l'Oncologie de ce début de siècle. Cet ouvrage a pour objectif de proposer aux médecins et aux étudiants un condensé des différents aspects de l'oncologie sur le sujet âgé. Dans une première partie, les aspects épidémiologiques et biologiques ainsi que l'évaluation gériatrique multiparamétrique sont abordés. Les particularités de l'application de la chimiothérapie, de la radiothérapie et de la chirurgie au sujet âgé sont passées en revue. Dans une troisième partie, la stratégie thérapeutique multidisciplinaire est ensuite détaillée par site. Enfin, un chapitre entier est consacré aux soins palliatifs. Les auteurs issus de disciplines multiples : gériatres, oncologues médicaux, chirurgiens, oncologues-radiothérapeutes et hématologues ont pour ambition de contribuer, grâce à ce livre, à une meilleure prise en charge du sujet âgé atteint de cancer.

Compiling significant advances from more than a decade of research, this text presents breakthroughs in the prevention, treatment, and control of cancer-exploring the origin, function, and behavior of cancerous cells and promoting the development of effective therapeutics for common malignancies of the breast, lung, prostate, and gastrointestinal t