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1. Impact of occupational carcinogens on lung cancer risk in a general population

Author

De Matteis, S., Consonni, D., Lubin, J.H., Tucker, M., Peters, S., Vermeulen, R., Kromhout, H., Bertazzi, P.A., Caporaso, N.E., Pesatori, A.C., Wacholder, S., Landi, M.T., Risk Assessment of Toxic and Immunomodulatory Agents, Dep IRAS, Risk Assessment of Toxic and Immunomodulatory Agents, and Dep IRAS

Subjects
Male, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Lung Neoplasms, Time Factors, Epidemiology, Population, Air Pollutants, Occupational, medicine.disease_cause, Risk Assessment, Asbestos, Toxicology, Sex Factors, Environmental health, Occupational Exposure, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Occupations, Letters to the Editor, Lung cancer, education, Occupational Health, Carcinogen, Aged, Cancer, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Smoking, INT, Case-control study, Odds ratio, General Medicine, Middle Aged, respiratory system, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, Attributable risk, Carcinogens, Educational Status, Female, Risk assessment, Corrigendum, business
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Exposure to occupational carcinogens is an important preventable cause of lung cancer. Most of the previous studies were in highly exposed industrial cohorts. Our aim was to quantify lung cancer burden attributable to occupational carcinogens in a general population. METHODS: We applied a new job-exposure matrix (JEM) to translate lifetime work histories, collected by personal interview and coded into standard job titles, into never, low and high exposure levels for six known/suspected occupational lung carcinogens in the Environment and Genetics in Lung cancer Etiology (EAGLE) population-based case-control study, conducted in Lombardy region, Italy, in 2002-05. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated in men (1537 cases and 1617 controls), by logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders, including smoking and co-exposure to JEM carcinogens. The population attributable fraction (PAF) was estimated as impact measure. RESULTS: Men showed an increased lung cancer risk even at low exposure to asbestos (OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.42-2.18), crystalline silica (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.00-1.71) and nickel-chromium (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.90-1.53); risk increased with exposure level. For polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, an increased risk (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 0.99-2.70) was found only for high exposures. The PAFs for any exposure to asbestos, silica and nickel-chromium were 18.1, 5.7 and 7.0%, respectively, equivalent to an overall PAF of 22.5% (95% CI: 14.1-30.0). This corresponds to about 1016 (95% CI: 637-1355) male lung cancer cases/year in Lombardy. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the substantial role of selected occupational carcinogens on lung cancer burden, even at low exposures, in a general population.

Published
2012

2. Cigarette Smoking and Pancreatic Cancer: A Pooled Analysis From the Pancreatic Cancer Cohort Consortium

Author

Patricia Hartge, Charles Kooperberg, Karen C. Johnson, Kathy J. Helzlsouer, Jarmo Virtamo, Geoffrey S. Tobias, Paolo Boffetta, Gilles Thomas, Laudina Rodríguez Suárez, Demetrius Albanes, Elio Riboli, Alan A. Arslan, Sandra Clipp, Federico Canzian, Emily Steplowski, Peter Kraft, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Stephen J. Chanock, Kevin B. Jacobs, Elissa Tong, Robert N. Hoover, Rachael Z. Stolzenberg-Solomon, Alina Vrieling, Eric J. Jacobs, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Sheila Bingham, Jay H. Lubin, Alpa V. Patel, Catherine R. Messina, Julie B. Mendelsohn, Myron D. Gross, Juhua Luo, Laufey T. Amundadottir, Gloria M. Petersen, Xiao-Ou Shu, Andrea Z. LaCroix, Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquette, Anne Tjønneland, Shannon M. Lynch, Domenico Palli, Kai Yu, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Weimin Ye, Wei Zheng, Lynch, S.M., Vrieling, A., Lubin, J.H., Kraft, P., Mendelsohn, J.B., Hartge, P., Canzian, F., Steplowski, E., Arslan, A.A., Gross, M., Helzlsouer, K., Jacobs, E.J., Lacroix, A., Petersen, G., Zheng, W., Albanes, D., Amundadottir, L., Bingham, S.A., Boffetta, P., Boutron-Ruault, M.-C., Chanock, S.J., Clipp, S., Hoover, R.N., Jacobs, K., Johnson, K.C., Kooperberg, C., Luo, J., Messina, C., Palli, D., Patel, A.V., Riboli, E., Shu, X.-O., Rodriguez Suarez, L., Thomas, G., Tjønneland, A., Tobias, G.S., Tong, E., Trichopoulos, D., Virtamo, J., Ye, W., Yu, K., Zeleniuch-Jacquette, A., Bueno-De-Mesquita, H.B., and Stolzenberg-Solomon, R.Z.

Subjects
Male, Pancreatic disease, Epidemiology, medicine.medical_treatment, Medical and Health Sciences, Mathematical Sciences, Cohort Studies, 80 and over, Medicine, pancreas, Prospective Studies, Cancer, Aged, 80 and over, Smoking, pancreatic neoplasms, Middle Aged, pancreas, pancreatic neoplasms, smoking, tobacco use cessation, Cohort, Female, Cohort study, Adult, Risk, medicine.medical_specialty, Meta- and Pooled Analyses, Adenocarcinoma, smoking, Pancreatic Cancer, Rare Diseases, tobacco use cessation, Internal medicine, Pancreatic cancer, Tobacco, Humans, Risk factor, Aged, Tobacco Smoke and Health, business.industry, Prevention, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, United States, Confidence interval, Surgery, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Case-Control Studies, 3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing, Smoking cessation, Smoking Cessation, Digestive Diseases, business
Abstract

Smoking is an established risk factor for pancreatic cancer; however, detailed examination of the association of smoking intensity, smoking duration, and cumulative smoking dose with pancreatic cancer is limited. The authors analyzed pooled data from the international Pancreatic Cancer Cohort Consortium nested case-control study (1,481 cases, 1,539 controls). Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by using unconditional logistic regression. Smoking intensity effects were examined with an excess odds ratio model that was linear in pack-years and exponential in cigarettes smoked per day and its square. When compared with never smokers, current smokers had a significantly elevated risk (odds ratio (OR)=1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.38, 2.26). Risk increased significantly with greater intensity (=30 cigarettes/day: OR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.27, 2.42), duration (=50 years: OR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.25, 3.62), and cumulative smoking dose (=40 pack-years: OR=1.78, 95% CI: 1.35, 2.34). Risk more than 15 years after smoking cessation was similar to that for never smokers. Estimates of excess odds ratio per pack-year declined with increasing intensity, suggesting greater risk for total exposure delivered at lower intensity for longer duration than for higher intensity for shorter duration. This finding and the decline in risk after smoking cessation suggest that smoking has a late-stage effect on pancreatic carcinogenesis. © 2009. Published by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Published
2009
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3. An examination of male and female odds ratios by BMI, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption for cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx in pooled data from 15 case-control studies

Author

Paul Brennan, Jay H. Lubin, Elaine M. Smith, Dana Mates, Eleonora Fabianova, Neonilia Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Alexander W. Daudt, Mia M. Gaudet, Rolando Herrero, Victor Wünsch-Filho, Mark P. Purdue, Philip Lazarus, Hal Morgenstern, Silvia Franceschi, Peter Rudnai, Jolanta Lissowska, Xavier Castellsagué, Paolo Boffetta, Luigino Dal Maso, Karl T. Kelsey, Elena Matos, Erich M. Sturgis, Fabio Levi, Oxana Shangina, Joshua E. Muscat, Ana M. B. Menezes, José Eluf Neto, Stephen M. Schwartz, Maria Paula Curado, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Deborah M. Winn, Andrew F. Olshan, Carlo La Vecchia, Thangarajan Rajkumar, Richard B. Hayes, Sergio Koifman, Renato Talamini, Qingyi Wei, Leticia Fernandez, Mia Hashibe, Michael D. McClean, Chu Chen, Lubin, J.H., Muscat, J., Gaudet, M.M., Olshan, A.F., Curado, M.P., Dal Maso, L., Wünsch-Filho, V., Sturgis, E.M., Szeszenia-Dabrowska, N., Castellsague, X., Zhang, Z.-F., Smith, E., Fernandez, L., Matos, E., Franceschi, S., Fabianova, E., Rudnai, P., Purdue, M.P., Mates, D., Wei, Q., Herrero, R., Kelsey, K., Morgenstern, H., Shangina, O., Koifman, S., Lissowska, J., Levi, F., Daudt, A.W., Neto, J.E., Chen, C., Lazarus, P., Winn, D.M., Schwartz, S.M., Boffetta, P., Brennan, P., Menezes, A., Vecchia, C.L., McClean, M., Talamini, R., Rajkumar, T., Hayes, R.B., and Hashibe, M.

Subjects
ratio, Larynx, Male, pharynx, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Alcohol Drinking, cigarette smoking, Dentistry, Article, Body Mass Index, BMI, oral, Sex Factors, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Epidemiology, Odds Ratio, cancer, Medicine, Humans, Mass index, Laryngeal Neoplasms, larynx, Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms, odd, alcohol, business.industry, Pharynx, Smoking, Case-control study, Odds ratio, Oropharyngeal Neoplasms, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, Case-Control Studies, Female, Mouth Neoplasms, business, Alcohol consumption, Body mass index, case-control
Abstract

Background: Greater tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption and lower body mass index (BMI) increase odds ratios (OR) for oral cavity, oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and laryngeal cancers; however, there are no comprehensive sex-specific comparisons of ORs for these factors. Methods: We analyzed 2,441 oral cavity (925 women and 1,516 men), 2,297 oropharynx (564 women and 1,733 men), 508 hypopharynx (96 women and 412 men), and 1,740 larynx (237 women and 1,503 men) cases from the INHANCE consortium of 15 head and neck cancer case-control studies. Controls numbered from 7,604 to 13,829 subjects, depending on analysis. Analyses fitted linear-exponential excess ORs models. Results: ORs were increased in underweight (

Published
2011

4. Body Mass Index, Cigarette Smoking, and Alcohol Consumption and Cancers of the Oral Cavity, Pharynx, and Larynx: Modeling Odds Ratios in Pooled Case-Control Data

Author

Renato Talamini, Karl T. Kelsey, Qingyi Wei, Oxana Shangina, Paul Brennan, Mia Hashibe, Elena Matos, Philip Lazarus, Alexander W. Daudt, Leticia Fernandez, Carlo La Vecchia, Rolando Herrero, Eleonora Fabianova, Andrew F. Olshan, Deborah M. Winn, Mia M. Gaudet, Neonilia Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Paolo Boffetta, Erich M. Sturgis, Mark P. Purdue, Xavier Castellsagué, Joshua E. Muscat, Maria Paula Curado, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Sergio Koifman, Richard B. Hayes, Michael D. McClean, José Eluf Neto, Peter Rudnai, Ioan Nicolae Mates, Stephen M. Schwartz, Victor Wünsch-Filho, Silvia Franceschi, Luigino Dal Maso, Chu Chen, Ana M. B. Menezes, Jay H. Lubin, Fabio Levi, Hal Morgenstern, Jolanta Lissowska, Lubin, J.H., Gaudet, M.M., Olshan, A.F., Kelsey, K., Boffetta, P., Brennan, P., Castellsague, X., Chen, C., Curado, M.P., Maso, L.D., Daudt, A.W., Fabianova, E., Fernandez, L., Wünsch-Filho, V., Franceschi, S., Herrero, R., Koifman, S., La Vecchia, C., Lazarus, P., Levi, F., Lissowska, J., Mates, I.N., Matos, E., McClean, M., Menezes, A., Morgenstern, H., Muscat, J., Neto, J.E., Purdue, M.P., Rudnai, P., Schwartz, S.M., Shangina, O., Sturgis, E.M., Szeszenia-Dabrowska, N., Talamini, R., Wei, Q., Winn, D., Zhang, Z.-F., Hashibe, M., and Hayes, R.B.

Subjects
Larynx, pharynx, medicine.medical_specialty, Alcohol Drinking, Epidemiology, Dentistry, cigarette, Gastroenterology, Body Mass Index, odds ratios, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Odds Ratio, medicine, Humans, Mass index, NEOPLASIAS DE CABEÇA E PESCOÇO, Laryngeal Neoplasms, larynx, business.industry, Smoking, Head and neck cancer, Pharynx, smoking: alcohol: cancer, Cancer, Pharyngeal Neoplasms, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Case-Control Studies, oral cavity, Mouth Neoplasms, business, Systematic Reviews and Meta- and Pooled Analyses, Body mass index
Abstract

Odds ratios for head and neck cancer increase with greater cigarette and alcohol use and lower body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height2 (m2)). Using data from the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium, the authors conducted a formal analysis of BMI as a modifier of smoking- and alcohol-related effects. Analysis of never and current smokers included 6,333 cases, while analysis of never drinkers and consumers of ≤10 drinks/day included 8,452 cases. There were 8,000 or more controls, depending on the analysis. Odds ratios for all sites increased with lower BMI, greater smoking, and greater drinking. In polytomous regression, odds ratios for BMI (P = 0.65), smoking (P = 0.52), and drinking (P = 0.73) were homogeneous for oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers. Odds ratios for BMI and drinking were greater for oral cavity/pharyngeal cancer (P < 0.01), while smoking odds ratios were greater for laryngeal cancer (P < 0.01). Lower BMI enhanced smoking- and drinking-related odds ratios for oral cavity/pharyngeal cancer (P < 0.01), while BMI did not modify smoking and drinking odds ratios for laryngeal cancer. The increased odds ratios for all sites with low BMI may suggest related carcinogenic mechanisms; however, BMI modification of smoking and drinking odds ratios for cancer of the oral cavity/pharynx but not larynx cancer suggests additional factors specific to oral cavity/pharynx cancer.

Published
2010
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5. Total exposure and exposure rate effects for alcohol and smoking and risk of head and neck cancer: a pooled analysis of case-control studies

Author

Karl T. Kelsey, Luigino Dal Maso, Jolanta Lissowska, Mark P. Purdue, Maria Paula Curado, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Debbie Winn, Joshua E. Muscat, Richard B. Hayes, Fabio Levi, S.M. Schwartz, Elaine Smith, Xavier Castellsagué, Mia Hashibe, V. Wünsch-Filho, Erich M. Sturgis, José Eluf Neto, Hal Morgenstern, Qingyi Wei, Alexander W. Daudt, Sergio Koifman, Eleonora Fabianova, Peter Rudnai, Leticia Fernandez, Rolando Herrero, Oxana Shangina, Philip Lazarus, Ioan Nicolae Mates, Chu Chen, Paolo Boffetta, Elena Matos, P Brennan, Silvia Franceschi, Ana M. B. Menezes, Jay H. Lubin, R. Talamini, Neonilia Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Carlo La Vecchia, Lubin, J.H., Purdue, M., Kelsey, K., Zhang, Z.-F., Winn, D., Wei, Q., Talamini, R., Szeszenia-Dabrowska, N., Sturgis, E.M., Smith, E., Shangina, O., Schwartz, S.M., Rudnai, P., Neto, J.E., Muscat, J., Morgenstern, H., Menezes, A., Matos, E., Mates, I.N., Lissowska, J., Levi, F., Lazarus, P., Vecchia, C.L., Koifman, S., Herrero, R., Franceschi, S., Wünsch-Filho, V., Fernandez, L., Fabianova, E., Daudt, A.W., Maso, L.D., Curado, M.P., Chen, C., Castellsague, X., Brennan, P., Boffetta, P., Hashibe, M., and Hayes, R.B.

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Alcohol Drinking, Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Odds Ratio, Humans, Risk factor, Laryngeal Neoplasms, Mouth neoplasm, business.industry, Head and neck cancer, Pharynx, Smoking, Case-control study, Cancer, Pharyngeal Neoplasms, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Case-Control Studies, Mouth Neoplasms, Total exposure rate effects alcohol smoking risk head neck cancer pooled analysis case-control studies, business
Abstract

Although cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption increase risk for head and neck cancers, there have been few attempts to model risks quantitatively and to formally evaluate cancer site-specific risks. The authors pooled data from 15 case-control studies and modeled the excess odds ratio (EOR) to assess risk by total exposure (pack-years and drink-years) and its modification by exposure rate (cigarettes/day and drinks/day). The smoking analysis included 1,761 laryngeal, 2,453 pharyngeal, and 1,990 oral cavity cancers, and the alcohol analysis included 2,551 laryngeal, 3,693 pharyngeal, and 3,116 oval cavity cancers, with over 8,000 controls. Above 15 cigarettes/day, the EOR/pack-year decreased with increasing cigarettes/day, suggesting that greater cigarettes/day for a shorter duration was less deleterious than fewer cigarettes/day for a longer duration. Estimates of EOR/pack-year were homogeneous across sites, while the effects of cigarettes/day varied, indicating that the greater laryngeal cancer risk derived from differential cigarettes/day effects and not pack-years. EOR/drink-year estimates increased through 10 drinks/day, suggesting that greater drinks/day for a shorter duration was more deleterious than fewer drinks/day for a longer duration. Above 10 drinks/day, data were limited. EOR/drink-year estimates varied by site, while drinks/day effects were homogeneous, indicating that the greater pharyngeal/oral cavity cancer risk with alcohol consumption derived from the differential effects of drink-years and not drinks/day.

Published
2009

6. Mate drinking and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in South America: pooled results from two large multicenter case-control studies

Author

Sanford M. Dawsey, Jay H. Lubin, Xavier Castellsagué, Paolo Boffetta, Christian C. Abnet, Alvaro L. Ronco, Silvia Franceschi, Eduardo De Stefani, Gisele Acosta, Cesar G. Victora, Barry I. Graubard, Nubia Muñoz, Hugo Deneo-Pellegrini, Lubin, J.H., De Stefani, E., Abnet, C.C., Acosta, G., Boffetta, P., Victora, C., Graubard, B.I., Muñoz, N., Deneo-Pellegrini, H., Franceschi, S., Castellsagué, X., Ronco, A.L., and Dawsey, S.M.

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Post hoc, Esophageal Neoplasms, Epidemiology, Health benefits, Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, Article, Beverages, Ilex paraguariensis, Carcinoma, Medicine, Humans, Aged, Maté tea, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Plant Extracts, Case-control study, Cancer, Middle Aged, South America, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Surgery, Plant Leaves, Oncology, Homogeneous, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), Case-Control Studies, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Uruguay, Female, Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma, business, Demography
Abstract

Background: Maté tea is a nonalcoholic infusion widely consumed in southern South America, and may increase risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and other cancers due to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and/or thermal injury. Methods: We pooled two case–control studies: a 1988 to 2005 Uruguay study and a 1986 to 1992 multinational study in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay, including 1,400 cases and 3,229 controls. We computed ORs and fitted a linear excess OR (EOR) model for cumulative maté consumption in liters/day–year (LPDY). Results: The adjusted OR for ESCC with 95% confidence interval (CI) by ever compared with never use of maté was 1.60 (1.2–2.2). ORs increased linearly with LPDY (test of nonlinearity; P = 0.69). The estimate of slope (EOR/LPDY) was 0.009 (0.005–0.014) and did not vary with daily intake, indicating maté intensity did not influence the strength of association. EOR/LPDY estimates for consumption at warm, hot, and very hot beverage temperatures were 0.004 (−0.002–0.013), 0.007 (0.003–0.013), and 0.016 (0.009–0.027), respectively, and differed significantly (P < 0.01). EOR/LPDY estimates were increased in younger ( Conclusions: ORs for ESCC increased linearly with cumulative maté consumption and were unrelated to intensity, so greater daily consumption for shorter duration or lesser daily consumption for longer duration resulted in comparable ORs. The strength of association increased with higher maté temperatures. Impact: Increased understanding of cancer risks with maté consumption enhances the understanding of the public health consequences given its purported health benefits. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(1); 107–16. ©2013 AACR.

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