Search

Background: Depression and anxiety have long been hypothesized to be related to an increased cancer risk. Despite the great amount of research that has been conducted, findings are inconclusive. To provide a stronger basis for addressing the associations between depression, anxiety, and the incidence of various cancer types (overall, breast, lung, prostate, colorectal, alcohol‐related, and smoking‐related cancers), individual participant data (IPD) meta‐analyses were performed within the Psychosocial Factors and Cancer Incidence (PSY‐CA) consortium. Methods: The PSY‐CA consortium includes data from 18 cohorts with measures of depression or anxiety (up to N = 319,613; cancer incidences, 25,803; person‐years of follow‐up, 3,254,714). Both symptoms and a diagnosis of depression and anxiety were examined as predictors of future cancer risk. Two‐stage IPD meta‐analyses were run, first by using Cox regression models in each cohort (stage 1), and then by aggregating the results in random‐effects meta‐analyses (stage 2). Results: No associations were found between depression or anxiety and overall, breast, prostate, colorectal, and alcohol‐related cancers. Depression and anxiety (symptoms and diagnoses) were associated with the incidence of lung cancer and smoking‐related cancers (hazard ratios [HRs], 1.06–1.60). However, these associations were substantially attenuated when additionally adjusting for known risk factors including smoking, alcohol use, and body mass index (HRs, 1.04–1.23). Conclusions: Depression and anxiety are not related to increased risk for most cancer outcomes, except for lung and smoking‐related cancers. This study shows that key covariates are likely to explain the relationship between depression, anxiety, and lung and smoking‐related cancers. Preregistration number: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=157677. In the present study, individual participant data meta‐analyses were conducted to test the associations between anxiety, depression, and the incidence of cancer. Results indicated that depression and anxiety were not associated with an increased risk for cancer, nor when looking at most specific types. The exception to this was lung cancer and smoking‐related cancers; however, this association was substantially reduced when adjusting for several health behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Paediatrics & Child Health (1205-7088) is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In an area of low ambient air pollution, no increased cancer risk associated with traffic-related air pollution was detectable, and further studies are required to quantify the cancer risk at low levels of air pollution. However, community deprivation was significantly associated with both lung and breast cancer risk. Objectives: We assessed the association of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) with the incidence of lung, breast, and urinary tract cancer in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Methods: Our case-control study included 2315 cancers and 8501 age-sex–matched controls. Land-use regression was used to estimate TRAP concentrations. Logistic regression was used to assess cancer risk in relation to TRAP, adjusting for community social and material deprivation. Results: There was no association between the risk of lung, breast, or urinary tract cancer in relation to TRAP. Lung cancer risk was significantly increased in the most deprived communities, whereas breast cancer risk was highest in the least deprived communities. Conclusions: In a city characterized by low levels of ambient air pollution, there was no evidence of a linear increased lung, breast, or urinary tract cancer risk in relation to TRAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]