Search

Catholicism defined the private life and public career of Paul Martin Sr. (1903-92), one of Canada's leading Liberal politicians in the decades after World War Two. His youthful Catholicism shaped his approach to political life and sanctified his ambition. As a young man, he rejected the classical conservatism of a junior seminary in Québec, embracing instead the more tolerant version of Catholicism he encountered during the 1920s at the University of St. Michael's College within the Protestant University of Toronto. This paper explores Martin's early faith experiences, and examines the resulting philosophy of social justice and political change that drove this young Catholic to challenge the status quo in Depression Canada, and to help erect the contemporary welfare state in the 1940s and 1950s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

That immigration leads to the emergence of ethnic neighborhoods in North American cities is not a new phenomenon in urban geography. New arrivals often participate in the development of local economies by creating small businesses to serve the needs of their compatriots. They also participate in the transformation of centrally located neighborhoods in large cities. The emergence of the Polish neighborhood on Roncesvalles Street in Toronto and the Jewish neighborhood of Côte-des-Neiges in Montreal exemplify this pattern. However, the importance of ethnic economies in such neighborhoods has gone largely unexplored. This paper examines the relationship between geographic location, immigrant entrepreneurs and the role of small ethnic businesses in two Canadian urban areas: Côte-des-Neiges in Montréal and Parkdale in Toronto. Data from interviews with local businesspeople in these two areas are used to examine the pertinence of the concepts of ethnic/open and ethnic/closed markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Recherches Sociographiques is the property of Recherches Sociographiques and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There is growing concern over income inequality and its generational dimensions. Post- Fordist and neoliberal restructuring have reshaped urban labour markets, resulting in growing inequalities that disproportionately afflict younger workers. This article empirically analyses the transition as experienced in Montreal and Vancouver, two Canadian cities that have undergone restructuring in different ways. The study of young adults' changing incomes reveals growing intra- and inter-cohort inequality, and an increasing intergenerational income gap in both cities. Income inequality is greater in Vancouver, with its more pronounced post- Fordist labour force composition and neoliberalized governance context. Known factors such as occupation and gender affect the earnings structure, but educational attainment has increased the most in terms of its effect on incomes. Inequalities among young adults are expected to magnify in the future due to unevenness in educational attainment. Urban research ought to pay close attention to the role of education in structuring inequalities, and the ways the impact of restructuring is unevenly distributed across generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article compares the economic, social, and political outcomes of the hosting of sports mega-events in Canada to the outcomes of hosting such events in Japan, including discussions of the 1976 Olympics in Montreal, Quebec; the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Alberta; and the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan. Economic difficulties and political uncertainty following the Montreal Olympics are noted, and the impact of the Olympics on tourism is described. Other topics include the impact of hosting the Olympics on cities' reputations and on national identity, and the lack of benefit that lower-income citizens see from Olympic-related business.