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El principal objetivo de esta investigación es avanzar en la comprensión de las causas que implican a los procesos migratorios producidos en las últimas décadas en el Corredor Seco Mesoamericano. Para ello se analiza una variable estrechamente relacionada como es el cambio de la cobertura del terreno y de los usos del suelo, agudizado por los efectos del cambio climático en esta región, una de las más vulnerables de la Tierra según el último informe del Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) de 2019. Se han utilizado para ello datos espaciales del Programa Europeo Copernicus y registros históricos de la NASA, y se ha analizado la relación entre la estimación de la población según los modelos GPWv4 y WorldPop y los cambios en la vegetación a partir de datos MODIS para 2015 y 2020. Se discuten los primeros resultados y se exponen conclusiones concordantes con las investigaciones internacionales.

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Surface temperature behavior is related to water evaporation in the hydrological cycle, meaning that the alteration of surface temperature can lead to desertification processes and a decrease in water bodies, and it can affect the health of ecosystems. Studying surface temperature in the DRMI Las Camelias, in eastern Antioquia, sheds light on the transformation of the territory as a result of increased deforestation, intensification of productive activities, the tourism boom and population densification. Given that it is now possible to analyze surface temperature patterns over different land covers over time at different scales, this study evaluates surface temperature at point scale with a pyranometer, at local scale using the UAV Phantom 4 and ANAFI Thermal, and at regional scale using Landsat 8 satellite images. We found that at regional level, the variation of the average surface temperature within the DRMI was less than 1 °C, with no clear differentiation between coverages. A difference was found at local level, highlighting the role of vegetation and water, where forests, bamboo groves and streams have an average temperature of approximately 20 °C, which is up to 3 °C lower than pastures, crops or bare land. The patterns at the point and local level coincide, the temperature under the forest canopy is 5 °C lower than in the pastures, and shallow water outcrops maintain a temperature of 18 °C. Thus, recognizing the role of vegetation and water bodies in regulating surface temperature is vital for climate change mitigation, and detailed planning scales are necessary. This study was carried out with the support of the Institute of Environmental Studies - IDEA, Sede Medellín. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]