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Thermal instability and melting behavior of tin nanowires were studied with a decrease of wire radius(rNW=7–30 nm) via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Two sequential DSC measurements showed a 1/rNW dependency of the melting temperature depression; the first melting temperature decreased from 502 to 486 K with 1/rNW whereas the second one was more depressed between 0.8 and 5 K. The melting temperature difference between the first and second cycles increased linearly with 1/rNW. This variation was attributed to fragmentation of nanowires due to Rayleigh instability. Here, fragmentation of long nanowires was suppressed by a template confinement, resulting in the formation of short nanorods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]