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Phylloicus pirapo, new species Figs. 90, 91 ‘ Phylloicus pirapo is most similar to P. abdominalis and P. perija. Phylloicus pirapo lacks the white spot on the forewing nygma, but the lateral sclerite of abdominal tergum IV (Fig. 90F) is better developed and spatulate, resembling that of P. spectabilis. Adult. Forewing length 8.7­10.2 mm, n = 19. Head chestnut brown. Maxillary palps dark brown. Antenna twice forewing length; chestnut brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax chestnut brown; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Femora golden brown; foretibiae golden brown; mesotibiae dark brown; metatibiae dark brown; foretarsi golden brown; mesotarsi white; metatarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae dark. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band white, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing, narrow, less than 10 setae wide; distal band white, not reaching either wing margin, 1/2 width of wing or less, narrow, less than 10 setae wide; with two basal stripes, golden. Hind wing basal brush present in male, dark brown. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures present. Tergum III with simple lateral sclerites. Tergum IV with paired posterior processes and paired lateral sclerites, mesal coremata and lateral coremata; posterior process truncate; lateral sclerite spatulate, directed laterally; lateral coremata with basal globose lobes and long tubular posterior lobe; mesal coremata single­lobed, setose basally. Tergum V without sclerotized modifications (Fig. 90F). Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process notched (Fig. 90A, C). Tergum IX with paired mesal ridges extending 1/2 length of segment; posterior margin smoothly rounded; thinly sclerotized anteromesally (Fig. 90B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 5, ventral pleural setae approximately 5 (Fig. 90A, B). Preanal appendage longer than tergum X, but less than 11/2 times length, widest apically, setae filamentous, longer than appendage (Fig. 90A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes of varying length and often asymmetrical; apex, in lateral view, rounded, in dorsal view, notched, notch square; setose basodorsally; with short apicodorsal process visible in lateral view (Fig. 90A, B). Harpago rounded; peglike setae many, apical (Fig. 90A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes large and round and with digitate apical lobe; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 90D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII posterior margin entire; sternum VIII (Fig. 91C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 91B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, punctate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 91A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base indistinct, apex triangular; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes very short, length less than diameter (Fig. 91B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 91A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite ovoid; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized expanded tube (Fig. 91A). Holotype male: PARAGUAY: Itapua: Pirapo, i.1972, Peña G. (NMNH). Paratypes: ARGENTINA: Misiones: 6 km E El Dorado, 22.xi.1973, Flint — 2 males (NMNH); Ao. Coati, 15 km E San Jose, 18­19.xi.1973, Flint — 1 female (NMNH); PARAGUAY: Villarica, Apr, Schade — 1 male (MCZ); Itapua: Pirapo, 28­31.xii.1971, Peña G. — 5 males (NMNH); — 5 females, 3 males (UMSP); i.1972, Peña G. — 1 female (NMNH). Distribution. Argentina, Paraguay. Etymology. Named for the type locality, Pirapo, Itapua, Paraguay., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 87-88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235

Phylloicus adamsae, new species Figs. 13, 14 Phylloicus "n. sp. 3" Flint, 1996:425 This species can be recognized by the uniform golden color of the forewings. Phylloicus adamsae is distinguished by the very short and wide (often nearly circular) preanal appendages (Fig. 13A, B). Adult. Forewing length 9­11 mm, n = 18. Head golden brown. Maxillary palps golden brown, covered with dark brown setae. Antennae twice forewing length; chestnut brown. Prothorax golden brown; dorsal pterothorax golden brown; ventrolateral thorax pale tan. Legs pale tan. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae pale. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; golden brown; without colored markings; distal fringe slightly darkened. Hind wing basal brush absent. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga without anteromesal notches. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process notched (Fig. 13A, C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin with round narrow mesal projection; thinly sclerotized mesally (Fig. 13B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 10, ventral pleural setae approximately 6 (Fig. 13A). Preanal appendage less than 2/3 length of tergum X, as long as wide, rounded apically, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 13A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, rounded, in dorsal view, notched, notch shallow and triangular (Fig. 13A, B). Harpago short, rounded; peglike setae few, apical (Fig. 13A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes tapered apically; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 13D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga without anteromesal notches. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 14C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 14B). Sternum IX anterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, posterior lobes smooth, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 14A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base indistinct, apex oblique; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 14B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 14A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite triangular; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized sphere with wide anterior ridge (Fig. 14A). Holotype male: PERU: Madre de Dios: Manu Biosphere Res., Pakitza Bio. Sta., 01­ 13­19­99, 11°56'00”S, 71°18'00"W, 350 m, 1.x.1987, Pogue (MHNJP). Paratypes: PERU: Loreto: Iquitos, 15.v. 1 male (MCZ); Madre de Dios: Toma del Agua, Amazonia Lodge, 12°52'13”S, 71°22'34"W, 415 m, 29.vi.1993, Blahnik & Pescador — 1 female (NMNH); Manu Biosphere Res., Pakitza Bio. Sta., 11°56'00”S, 71°18'00"W, 350 m, 30.ix.1987, Pogue — 1 female (MHNJP); — 1 male (NMNH); 01­13­19­99, 11°56'00”S, 71°18'00"W, 350 m, 1.x.1987, Pogue — 1 female, 2 males (NMNH); trail 2, marker 18, 11°56'00”S, 71°18'00"W, 250 m, 12­23.ix.1989, Adams et al. — 1 female, 1 male (MHNJP); — 1 female, 2 males (NMNH); trail 2, marker 20, 11°56'00”S, 71°18'00"W, 250 m, 17­20.ix.1989, Adams 3 males (NMNH); — 1 female, 1 male (UMSP). Distribution. Peru. Etymology. I am pleased to name this species for its collector, Nancy E. Adams, in recognition of her contributions to Neotropical caddisfly research and her assistance during my visits to the Smithsonian Institution., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 19-21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Flint, O. S., Jr. (1996) Trichoptera collected on the expeditions to Parque Manu, Madre de Dios, Peru. In: Wilson, D. E. & Sandoval, A. (Eds) Manu: The biodiversity of southeastern Peru. Smithsonian Institution Press., Washington, DC, pp. 369 - 430."]}

Phylloicus chalybeus (Hagen) Figs. 34, 35 Phylloicus chalybeus (Hagen, 1861:285) [Type locality: Cuba; MCZ; male; in Macronema]. Ross 1952:34 [lectotype male]. — Flint 1967:18 [male]. — Botosaneanu 1980:115 [male, restriction of type locality]; 1994:468 [larva]. The genitalia of P. chalybeus are similar to those of the other Antillean species, P. iridescens, cubanus, pulchrus, and superbus and the Amazonian species P. amazonas; however, the forewings of P. chalybeus are nearly uniform golden brown, lacking the broad colored bands. Adult. Forewing length 9.1­11.4 mm, n = 45. Head golden brown. Maxillary palps dark brown, covered with dark brown setae. Antenna twice forewing length; chestnut brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax golden brown; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Femora golden brown; foretibiae golden brown; mesotibiae golden brown; metatibiae dark brown; tarsi golden brown. Metathoracic leg of male without posterior fringe. Tibial spur formula 2,4,2. Forewing flat; golden brown; without colored markings; basal cells clear. Hind wing basal brush absent. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX deeply notched anteriorly, margins of notch ridged; posterior margin not distinct from base of tergum X (Fig. 34B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae approximately 10, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 34A); sternum IX with paired mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 34C). Preanal appendage shorter than tergum X, but greater than 2/3 length, of uniform diameter throughout length, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 34A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process long and digitate; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, truncate, in dorsal view, notched, notch triangular (Fig. 34A, B). Harpago rounded; peglike setae many, mesoventral (Fig. 34A, C). Phallic endotheca with single long apical lobe and paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes multilobed; phallotremal sclerites very large, longest dimension twice diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite two­armed, in lateral view U­shaped (Fig. 34D, E). Female. Abdominal terga III­IV much darker laterally. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 35C). Tergum IX with mesal ridge extending length of segment (Fig. 35B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with shallow pockets lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 35A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base distinct, apex rounded; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 35B). Sternum X with numerous fine short setae on membrane lateral to anal opening (Fig. 35A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite rounded anteriorly, posterolateral projections acute; posterior sclerite ovoid; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized sphere with wide anterior ridge (Fig. 35A). Material examined. CUBA: 31.12.1864, Tocy? — holotype male, 2 male paralectotypes (MCZ); 1877, Loew — 1 male, 1 female (MCZ); 1898, Tocy? — 1 male paralectotype (MCZ); Aguayo — 1 female (NMNH); Rancho Mundito, S Rangel, 1.vi.1950, de Zayas — 1 male (NMNH); Oriente, Yunque de Baracoa, 305­549 m, 13.vii.1936, Darlington — 2 females (MCZ); Holguin: Aguas Claras, 20°57'40”N, 76°16'12"W, 1.v.1955, Layas — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); Isla de la Juventud: Santa Fé: Arroyo La Talega, 22.iv.1973, Botosaneanu — 10 males — 8 females (UMSP); Las Tunas: Oriente: Cupeyal, Yateras, vi.1974, Garcia — 1 male (NMNH); Pinar del Río: San Vicente, Viñales, v.1963 — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); Sancti Spíritus: Buenos Aires, Trinidad Mountains, 762­ 1067 m, 8­14.v.1936, Darlington — 4 males, 6 females (MCZ); 17­23.vi.1939, Parsons — 1 female (MCZ); Santiago de Cuba: Oriente, Hongolosongo, 7.vii.1936, Darlington — 1 male, 1 female (MCZ). Distribution. Cuba., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 39-41, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Hagen, H. (1861) Synopsis of the Neuroptera of North America with a list of the South American species, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 4. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., xx + 347 pp.","Ross, H. H. (1952) Lectotypes of Hagen species belonging to certain families of Trichoptera. Psyche, 59, 31 - 36.","Flint, O. S., Jr. (1967) Studies of Neotropical caddis flies, V: Types of the species described by Banks and Hagen. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 123, 1 - 37.","Botosaneanu, L. (1980) Trichopteres adultes de Cuba collectes par les zoologistes cubains (Trichoptera). Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 69, 91 - 116."]}

Phylloicus elektoros, new species Figs. 45, 46 The forewings of P. elektoros are a golden ochre color, with stripes of pale tan setae between the wing veins. This species is most similar to P. auratus and brevior; P. elektoros differs from the first two in wing coloring, the lack of coremata or tergal modifications, and in the long digitate dorsal process of the phallic endotheca. Tergum X is entire, posteriorly (Fig. 45B) Adult. Forewing length 9.6­10.5 mm, n = 32. Head golden, darker anteriorly, setae on warts golden. Maxillary palps golden, covered with dark brown setae. Antenna twice forewing length; anterior surface chestnut brown, posterior surface golden, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax golden brown, lateral margins darker; ventrolateral thorax golden. Femora golden; foretibiae golden; mesotibiae chestnut brown; metatibiae chestnut brown; foretarsi golden; mesotarsi chestnut brown; metatarsi chestnut brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; golden ochre; with longitudinal stripes; stripes pale tan. Hind wing basal brush present in male. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process absent and posterior margin irregular (Fig. 45A, C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin smoothly rounded; thinly sclerotized anteromesally, anterior ridge obsolete mesally (Fig. 45B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae approximately 10, ventral pleural setae approximately 5 (Fig. 45A). Preanal appendage less than 2/3 length of tergum X, of uniform diameter throughout length, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 45A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, truncate, in dorsal view, entire; covered with short setae dorsally (Fig. 45A, B). Harpago slightly tapered; peglike setae few, apical (Fig. 45A, C). Phallic endotheca with single long apical lobe and paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes multilobed; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite rectangular, width greater than height (Fig. 45D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII with shallow posteromesal notch, or posterior margin entire; sternum VIII (Fig. 46C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 46B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle laterally (Fig. 46A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base indistinct, apex oblique; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 46B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 46A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite triangular; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized cone (Fig. 46A). Holotype male: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Cerro de la Neblina, Basecamp, in rainforest, 00°51'N 66°10'W, 140 m, 19.ii.1985, Spangler, Faitoute, & Steiner (NMNH). Paratypes: BRAZIL: Amazonas: 60 km N Manaus, 22.xi.1976, Penny — 1 female (INPA); Am. 010, km 246, 20 km W Itacoatiara, 12­15.vii.1979, Arias et al. — 1 female (NMNH); Res. Ducke, 26 km E Manaus, 1.x.1976, Penny — 1 female (INPA); 30.ix.1986, Luis — 1 female (NMNH); PERU: Loreto: Callicebus Research Station, Mishana, Río Nanay, 25 km SW Iquitos, 120 m, 10­17.i.1980, Heppner — 1 male (NMNH); Madre de Dios: Río Tambopata Res., 30 km (air) SW Pto. Maldonado, 12°50'00”S, 69°17'00"W, 290 m, 2.iii.1984, Erwin et al. — 1 male (NMNH); VENEZUELA: Amazonas: San Carlos de Río Negro, 6­12.xii.1984, Brown — 2 males (NMNH); 13­17.xii.1984, Brown — 1 female (NMNH); Cerro de la Neblina, Agua Blanca, 00°49'00”N, 66°08'00"W, 160 m, 20­ 21.iii.1984, Flint & Louton — 2 females, 2 males (NMNH); Basecamp, 00°51'N 66°10'W, 140 m, 4­12.ii.1984, Davis & McCabe 1 male (IZAM); — 1 female, 2 males (NMNH); 13­ 20.ii.1984, Davis & McCabe — 1 female (IZAM); — 1 female, 1 male (NMNH); — 1 female (UMSP); 1­10.iii.1984, Davis & McCabe — 1 female, 2 males (NMNH); 10.ii.1985, Steiner — 1 female (NMNH); 21­28.ii.1985, Spangler, Faitoute, & Steiner — 1 male (IZAM); — 1 male (NMNH); — 1 male (UMSP); in rainforest, 00°51'N 66°10'W, 140 m, 20.ii.1985, Spangler, Faitoute, & Steiner — 1 male (NMNH); nr. Río Baria, 00°51'N 66°10'W, 140 m, 17.ii.1985, Cocroft & Steiner — 1 female (NMNH); small stream in rainforest, 00°51'N 66°10'W, 140 m, 8.ii.1985, Steiner — 1 male (NMNH); — 1 male (UMSP); 9.ii.1985, Steiner — 1 male (NMNH). Distribution. Brazil, Peru, Venezuela. Etymology. “ Elektoros,” from the Greek, meaning “the beaming sun,” referring to the sunburst­like pattern of the forewings., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 48-50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235

Phylloicus plaumanni Flint Figs. 92, 93 Phylloicus plaumanni Flint, 1983:76 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Santa Catarina, Seara (27°09'S, 52°15'W); NMNH; male]. Phylloicus plaumanni is similar to P. bidigitatus and obliquus. The forewings of P. plaumanni are a uniform dark brown. Adult. Forewing length 8.6­10.9 mm, n = 30. Head dark brown or black. Maxillary palps dark brown. Antenna twice forewing length; chestnut brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax dark brown; ventrolateral thorax dark brown. Femora dark brown; tibiae dark brown; foretarsi dark brown; mesotarsi golden brown; metatarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male without posterior fringe. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown; without colored markings. Hind wing basal brush present in male. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX with paired mesal ridges extending 1/2 length of segment; posterior margin not distinct from base of tergum X; thinly sclerotized anteromesally (Fig. 92B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae approximately 10, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 92A); sternum IX with paired mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 92C). Preanal appendage approximately length of tergum X, narrowly elliptic, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 92A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, acute, in dorsal view, notched, notch deep and round; setose dorsally (Fig. 92A, B). Harpago sharply tapered; peglike setae few, apical (Fig. 92A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired apicolateral lobes and paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes multilobed, apicolateral lobes small and rounded; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite narrow, width less than height (Fig. 92D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 93C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge; covered with short fine pilosity (Fig. 93B). Sternum IX anterior lobes smooth and indistinct, posterior lobes striate, with shallow pockets lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 93A). Tergum X appendage longer than mesal lobe, base marked by faint suture line, apex triangular; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 93B). Sternum X without setae in membrane (Fig. 93A). Vaginal apparatus posterior sclerite elongate; anterior sclerite tapered anteriorly, posterolateral projections rounded; posterior sclerite triangular; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized ovoid (Fig. 93A). Material examined. ARGENTINA: Misiones: San Ignacio, Haute Parana, ii., Wagner — 1 male paratype (NMNH); Apr, Wagner — 1 male paratype (NMNH); BRAZIL: Santa Catarina: Seara (Nova Teutônia), 27°11'00”S, 52°23'00"W, 300­500 m, 31.v.1938, Plaumann — 1 male (BMNH); 10.ix.1939, Plaumann — 1 male paratype (MCZ); 25.iv.1963, Plaumann — holotype male, 3 male, 1 female paratypes (NMNH); 1.v.1963, Plaumann — 5 male, 1 female paratypes (UMSP); 1.xi.1963, Plaumann — 4 male, 4 female paratypes (NMNH); 6.x.1964, Plaumann — 3 male, 1 female paratypes (NMNH); — 1 male paratype (UMSP). Distribution. Argentina, Brazil., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 88-90, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Flint, O. S., Jr. (1983) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XXXIII: New species from austral South America (Trichoptera), Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, Vol. 377. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 100 pp."]}

Phylloicus crenatus (Navás) Banyallarga crenatus Navás, 1916:79 [Type locality: Colombia, Muzo; collection Apollinaris, now lost?; male; in Banyallarga]. — Flint 1983:77 [to Phylloicus]. NOMEN DUBIUM No material is known for this species. The type is probably lost — no types are known to be extant from the Apollinaris collection (Flint et al. 1999a). The only clues to the identity of this species are Navás’s description and inadequate illustration of wings and male terminalia. If Navás correctly identified this species as a calamoceratid, the illustration is adequate to assign this species to Phylloicus, as the first fork is absent from the hind wing. The illustration of the male terminalia is so generalized that no discrimination is possible. Distribution. Colombia., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 42-43, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Navas, R. P. L. (1916) Neuroptera nova Americana. Memorie della Pontificia Accademia Romana dei Nuovi Lincei, Serie II, 2, 59 - 80.","Flint, O. S., Jr. (1983) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XXXIII: New species from austral South America (Trichoptera), Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, Vol. 377. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 100 pp.","Flint, O. S., Jr., Holzenthal, R. W. & Harris, S. C. (1999 a) Catalog of the Neotropical caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera). Ohio Biological Survey, Special Publication, Columbus, Ohio, iv + 239 pp."]}

Phylloicus panamensis, new species Figs. 80, 81 Phylloicus panamensis is very similar to P. aeneus, nigripennis, and mexicanus. Like P. aeneus and mexicanus¸ the females of P. panamensis have a brush of setae laterally on tergum VIII. However, these specimens lack the coremata of P. aeneus, the orange diamond on the head distinguishing P. mexicanus, or the papillate terga II and III of P. nigripennis males. All the specimens I examined were preserved in ethanol, so details of wing color pattern or body coloring are unavailable. Adult. Forewing length 12­13.5 mm, n = 41. Head golden brown. Maxillary palps golden brown. Antenna twice forewing length; golden brown. Prothorax golden brown; dorsal pterothorax golden brown; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Legs golden brown. Tibial spur formula 2,4,3. Forewing apical third folded obliquely toward midline; golden brown; without colored markings. Hind wing basal brush present in female. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX with short mesal ridge extending from anterior notch; posterior margin irregular (Fig. 80B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae approximately 8, ventral pleural setae approximately 5 (Fig. 80A); sternum IX with paired mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 80C). Preanal appendage approximately length of tergum X, of uniform diameter throughout length, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 80A, B). Tergum X sagittate basally; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, rounded, in dorsal view, notched, notch triangular; dorsal surface setose; with anterodorsal lateral processes (Fig. 80A, B). Harpago long, curving mesally and tapering apically; peglike setae few, apical (Fig. 80A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes large and round and with digitate apical lobe; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite two­armed, in lateral view U­shaped (Fig. 80D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII with dense posterolateral brush of setae; Fig. 81B; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 81C). Tergum IX with mesal ridge extending 1/3 length of segment (Fig. 81B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, punctate, with shallow pockets lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 81A). Tergum X appendage longer than mesal lobe, base marked by faint suture line, apex triangular; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 81B). Sternum X without setae in membrane (Fig. 81A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections acute; posterior sclerite ovoid; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized sphere (Fig. 81A). Holotype male: PANAMA: Chiriqui: Guadalupe Arriba, 08°52'26”N, 82°33'13"W,. iv.1984, Wolda (NMNH). Paratypes: COSTA RICA: Puntarenas: Río Bellavista, ca. 1.5 km NW Las Alturas, 08°57'04”N, 82°50'46"W, 1400 m, 8­9.iv.1987, Holzenthal, Hamilton, & Heyn — 1 male (UMSP); PANAMA: Chiriqui: Guadalupe Arriba, 08°52'26”N, 82°33'13"W,. iv.1984, Wolda — 4 females, 2 males (NMNH); v.1984, Wolda — 3 females, 9 males (UMSP); 8­ 14.viii.1984, Wolda — 1 female, 1 male (UMSP);. v.1985, Wolda — 1 female, 2 males (UMSP); 14 Aug­ 10.ix.1985, Wolda — 3 males (NMNH); 25 Sep­ 15.x.1985, Wolda — 2 females, 2 males (NMNH). Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama. Etymology. Named for the country in which the types were collected., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 80-81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235

Phylloicus farri Flint Figs. 49­50 Phylloicus farri Flint, 1968b:56 [Type locality: Jamaica, St. Andrew, Hope River near Newcastle at mile post 16.5; NMNH; male; female, larva, pupa, case]. — Denning et al. 1983:188 [type species of Murielia]. — Flint et al. 1999b:73 [returned to Phylloicus]. Phylloicus farri is easily recognized by the very long (at least twice length of genital capsule, narrow preanal appendages (Fig. 49A, B). The modifications of male tergum IV are also distinctive (Fig. 49F). Adult. Forewing length 7.7­11.3 mm, n = 14. Head golden brown. Maxillary palps golden brown. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax golden brown; ventrolateral thorax golden. Legs golden. Metathoracic leg of male without posterior fringe. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; golden brown; with single transverse band; proximal band tan, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing; proximal half of basal cells clear. Hind wing basal brush present in male, pale. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures present. Tergum IV with expanded lateral flanges, mesal coremata and lateral coremata; lateral coremata with basal globose lobes and long tubular posterior lobe; mesal coremata single­lobed, single­lobed, originating broadly from membrane of tergum IV­V. Tergum V without sclerotized modifications (Fig. 49F). Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin not distinct from base of tergum X; notched anteromesally (Fig. 49B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 6, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 49A); sternum IX with paired mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 49C). Preanal appendage at least 11/2 times length of tergum X, of uniform diameter throughout length, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 49A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, acute, in dorsal view, notched, notch triangular; with short setae basodorsally (Fig. 49A, B). Harpago slightly tapered; peglike setae tiny, mesal (Fig. 49A, C). Phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 49D, E). Female. Abdominal terga I­III dark brown laterally. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 50C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 50B). Sternum IX anterior lobes smooth and indistinct, posterior lobes striate, with shallow pockets anterolateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 50A). Tergum X appendage longer than mesal lobe, base indistinct, apex triangular; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 50B). Sternum X with semisclerotized plates marking anal opening (Fig. 50A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite rounded anteriorly, posterolateral projections acute; posterior sclerite triangular; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized ring (Fig. 50A). Material examined. JAMAICA: Saint Andrew Parish: Hardwar Gap Dicks Pond Tr., 16.vii.1963, Flint & Farr — 2 female paratypes (NMNH); Newcastle, stream at milepost 16.5, 30.vii.1962, Farr & Flint — holotype male, 1 female paratype (NMNH); 18.vii.1963, Flint & Farr — 1 female paratype (CNC); small stream, 1­1/ 8 mi. SW crossing Dick's Pond Trail, Hardwar Gap., 22.ix.1963, Peters & Farr — 1 male, 1 female paratypes (NMNH); 26.ix.1963, Peters & Farr — 1 male paratype (NMNH); Yallahs River, Chestervale, 17.vii.1963, Flint & Farr — 1 female paratype (NMNH); Saint Ann Parish: between Lake & Runaway Bay Cave, 6.xii.1975, D & M Davis — 2 males (UMSP); Mt. Diablo, 13.iii.1966, S & W Duckworth — 1 male, 2 female paratypes (UMSP). Distribution. Jamaica., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 51-53, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Flint, O. S., Jr. (1968 b) The caddisflies of Jamaica (Trichoptera). Bulletin of the Institute of Jamaica, Science series, 19, 1 - 68.","Denning, D. G., Resh, V. H. & Hogue, C. L. (1983) New species of Phylloicus and a new Neotropical genus of Calamoceratidae (Trichoptera). Aquatic Insects, 5, 181 - 191.","Flint, O. S., Jr., Holzenthal, R. W. & Harris, S. C. (1999 b) Nomenclatural and systematic changes in the Neotropical caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera). Insecta Mundi, 13, 73 - 84."]}

Phylloicus tricalcaratus (Ulmer) Phylloicus tricalcaratus (Ulmer, 1905b:37) [Type locality: Brazil; ZIUH; male; in Homoeoplectron]. NOMEN DUBIUM According to the curator at the Zoologisches Institut der Universität at Halle, the type of P. tricalcaratus was probably destroyed during or shortly after World War II. I found one specimen identified by Ulmer as P. tricalcaratus in the Museum für Naturkunde of Humboldt­Universität, Berlin, but it consists only of a head, anterior thorax, and one forewing, and is quite inadequate for identifying the species. The illustration in the original description included only the wings, and the description itself is too general for species discrimination. Material examined. BRAZIL: Bahia: Freyreiss — 1 adult (ZMHU). Distribution. Brazil., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on page 97, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Ulmer, G. (1905 b) Zur Kenntnis aussereuropaischer Trichopteren (Neue Trichopteren des Hamburger und Stettiner Museums und des Zoologischen Instituts in Halle, nebst Beschreibungen einiger Typen Kolenati's und Burmeister's). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 66, 1 - 119."]}

Phylloicus pulchrus Flint Figs. 94, 95, 114 Phylloicus pulchrus Flint, 1964:65 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, Maricao Forest; NMNH; male]. Phylloicus pulchrus is most similar to the other Antillean species P. cubanus, iridescens, and superbus. In P. pulchrus the orange bands of the forewing are wider (Fig. 114) than in the other three species. The preanal appendage of P. pulchrus is shorter and the harpago is rounded apically (Fig. 94A, B, C). Adult. Forewing length 7­7.9 mm, n = 38. Head dark brown. Maxillary palps dark brown. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax chestnut brown; ventrolateral thorax pale tan. Legs pale tan. Metathoracic leg of male without posterior fringe. Tibial spur formula 2,4,2. Forewing flat; dark brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band orange, extending from anterior to posterior wing margin, wide, at least 1/6 wing length; distal band orange, extending from anterior to posterior wing margins, wide, at least 1/6 wing length, with orange setae along distal wing margin (Fig. 114); basal cells alternating orange setae and iridescent membrane (Fig. 114). Hind wing basal brush absent. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX with mesal ridge extending 2/3 length of segment; posterior margin smoothly rounded (Fig. 94B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 7, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 94A); sternum IX with paired mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 94C). Preanal appendage shorter than tergum X, but greater than 2/3 length, of uniform diameter throughout length, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 94A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process long and digitate; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, acute, in dorsal view, notched, notch shallow (Fig. 94A, B). Harpago large, rounded; peglike setae many, mesoventral (Fig. 94A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes tapered apically; phallotremal sclerites very large, longest dimension twice diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite two­armed, in lateral view U­shaped (Fig. 94D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 95C). Tergum IX with mesal ridge extending length of segment (as in Fig. 41B). Sternum IX anterior lobes smooth and indistinct, posterior lobes striate, with shallow pockets lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 95A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base distinct, apex rounded; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (as in Fig. 41B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 95A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections acute; posterior sclerite ovoid; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized sphere with wide anterior ridge (Fig. 95A). Material examined. CUBA: Oriente, Yunque de Baracoa, 305­549 m, 13.vii.1936, Darlington — 1 female (MCZ); DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Río Baiguate, 1­2 km S Jarabacoa, 19°06'54”N, 70°37'00"W, 520 m, 8­9.v.1995, Flint — 1 male (NMNH); 19­ 21.v.1995, Flint — 1 male (UMSP); — 1 female (NMNH); Baoruco: San Rafael, 8.3 km S Baoruco, 18°01'54”N, 71°08'24"W, 30 m, 15.v.1995, Flint — 1 male (NMNH); Barahona: nr. Filipinas, Larimar Mine, 6­11.vii.1993, Woodruff — 1 male (FSCA); Dajabon: 13 km S Loma de Cabrera, 400 m, 20­22.v.1973, D & M Davis — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); — 1 female (UMSP); Independencia: La Descubierta, 18°34'06”N, 71°43'48"W, 0 m, 25.iii.1999, Flint — 1 female (NMNH); La Estrelleta: Río Limpio, 4 km SE Rio Limpio, 760 m, 24­25.v.1973, D & M Davis — 1 male (NMNH); Pedernales: stream & falls, 19 km N Pedernales, 18°09'12”N, 71°44'48"W, 230 m, 19.iii.1999, Flint — 3 males (NMNH); UNITED STATES: Puerto Rico: Maricao Forest Res., 610 m, 9­ 13.ii.1961, Gurney — holotype male, 1 male paratype (NMNH); Maricao LT, 1.vii.1960, Maldonado — 1 male paratype (CNC); — 1 male, 1 female paratypes (NMNH); Mayagüez, 6­16.vii.1955, Ramos — allotype female (NMNH); Patillas, 590 m, 1.viii.1987, Becker — 2 males, 1 female (NMNH); — 1 female (UMSP); Quebrada Prieta, El Verde Field Station, 370 m, 6­10.ii.1990, Flint — 5 males (NMNH); — 1 male (UMSP); Quebrada Sonadora, El Verde, hanging bridge, 350 m, 18.ii.1989, Masteller — 1 female (NMNH); 20.ii.1989, Masteller — 1 male (NMNH); El Verde Field Station, Quebrada Prieta, 370 m, 5­31.iii.1990, Masteller — 1 male, 2 females (UMSP); 2­15.v.1990, Masteller — 1 adult (NMNH); 20.v.1991, Buzby & Masteller — 1 male (UMSP); Bisley stream #3, trib. to R. Mameyes, 31.vii.1992, Buzby & Masteller — 1 male (NMNH). Distribution. Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 90-91, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Flint, O. S., Jr. (1964) The caddisflies (Trichoptera) of Puerto Rico, Technical Paper, Vol. 40. University of Puerto Rico, Agricultural Experiment Station, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico, 80 pp."]}

Phylloicus maculatus (Banks) Figs. 64, 65 Phylloicus maculatus (Banks, 1901:369) [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Presidio; MCZ; female; in Heteroplectron]. — Flint 1967:19 [female, to Phylloicus]. — Holzenthal 1988:72 [distribution]. Phylloicus maculatus is distinguished by its large size, wing pattern, and by having short, single­lobed lateral coremata, without modifications of tergite IV (Fig. 64F). The wing pattern of this species is identical to that of P. elegans and lituratus. The female genitalia are indistinguishable from those of the latter two species. Adult. Forewing length 13.415. 4 mm, n = 31. Head dark brown, setal warts very dark. Maxillary palps dark brown, covered with golden brown setae on basal three segments. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax dark brown, mesoscutellum golden brown; ventrolateral thorax golden. Femora golden; tibiae golden; tarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band ivory, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing, an inverted V­shape; distal band ivory, beginning at anterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing; with two basal stripes, ivory. Hind wing basal brush present in male and female; female brush short. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures present. Tergum IV with expanded lateral flanges, lateral coremata; lateral coremata single­lobed and short, cylindrical. Tergum V without sclerotized modifications (Fig. 64F). Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process notched (Fig. 64A, C). Tergum IX with paired mesal ridges extending 1/2 length of segment; posterior margin with round narrow mesal projection (Fig. 64B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 5, ventral pleural setae approximately 8 (Fig. 64A). Preanal appendage longer than tergum X, but less than 11/2 times length, widest apically, setae filamentous, longer than appendage (Fig. 64A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process short and digitate; basolateral processes long, length at least twice diameter; apex, in lateral view, rounded, in dorsal view, entire (Fig. 64A, B). Harpago rounded; peglike setae many, apical (Fig. 64A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes tapered apically; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 64D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII with shallow posteromesal notch, or posterior margin entire; sternum VIII (Fig. 65C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 65B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 65A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base marked by faint suture line, apex oblique; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes length approximately equal diameter (Fig. 65B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 65A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite rounded anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite triangular; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized ovoid (Fig. 65A). Material examined. GUATEMALA: Izabal: Cayuga, 15°32'00”N, 88°42'00"W, 1.ii.1915, Schaus — 1 female (NMNH); MEXICO: Veracruz: Presidio, 19°05'00”N, 96°58'00"W, 1.vi. holotype female (MCZ); Municipio Tilapan, Arroyo Quetzalan. Los Manantiales km 5 Rta. Orizaba­Zongolica, 18°47'28”N, 97°06'05"W, 1160 m, 17.iii.2000, Bueno, Barba, & Rojas — 1 female (UMSP); 13.vii.2001, Bueno & Barba — 12 males, 10 females (IBUNAM); — 3 males, 3 females (UMSP). Distribution. Guatemala, Mexico, Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 66-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Banks, N. (1901) A list of neuropteroid insects from Mexico. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 27, 361 - 371.","Flint, O. S., Jr. (1967) Studies of Neotropical caddis flies, V: Types of the species described by Banks and Hagen. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 123, 1 - 37.","Holzenthal, R. W. (1988) Catalogo Sistematico de los Tricopteros de Costa Rica (Insecta: Trichoptera). Brenesia, 29, 51 - 82."]}

Phylloicus medius Müller Phylloicus medius Müller, 1880a:132 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina; no type nor type depository designated; sex not stated]. — Ulmer 1955:418 [literature, discussion]. NOMEN DUBIUM Müller did not designate type material for this species, nor did he provide any illustration. His original reference to the species P. medius states only that it has a Tibial spur formula — of 2,4,4. I found no material identified as P. medius, and must consider this a nomen dubium. Distribution. Brazil., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on page 71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Muller, F. (1880 a) [for 1878] Sobre as casas construidas pelas larvas de Insectos Trichopteros de provincia de Santa Catherina. Archivos do Museu nacional do Rio do Janeiro, III, 99 - 134, 210 - 215, 134 plates.","Ulmer, G. (1955) Kocherfliegen (Trichopteren) von den Sunda-Inseln (Teil II). Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 21 (Supplement), 408 - 608."]}

Phylloicus cordatus, new species Figs. 36, 37 This species is distinguished by the wing pattern, a distinctive pattern of orange and dark brown. In dorsal view, the brown patches on the posteromesal area are heart­shaped, and thus the name of this species. The abdominal coremata are short, broad, and single­lobed (Fig. 36F). The female specimen is teneral, so I was only able to measure wing length for the single male. The preanal appendages of this specimen are broken, but appear to be similar to those of P. elegans and hansoni, being covered with long fine setae and becoming slightly wider apically (as in Figs. 45B, 55B). Adult. Forewing length 8.4 mm, n = 2. Head golden brown. Maxillary palps golden brown, covered with golden and dark brown setae. Antenna twice forewing length; each flagellomere golden proximally and dark brown distally, appearing striped. Dorsal pterothorax golden brown; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Femora golden brown; foretibiae golden brown; mesotibiae dark brown; metatibiae chestnut brown; foretarsi golden brown; mesotarsi chestnut brown; metatarsi chestnut brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae chestnut brown. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; chestnut brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band orange, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing, wide, at least 1/6 wing length, 5­sided, most proximal corner in cell M 1, distal side runs from R 1 to A 1; distal band orange, beginning at anterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing, with patch of brown setae in center of orange, each band with narrow border of dark brown setae. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga without anteromesal notches. Corematic structures present. Tergum IV with expanded lateral flanges, lateral coremata; lateral coremata accordion­pleated expansion of dorsal­pleural membrane. Tergum V without sclerotized modifications (Fig. 36F). Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin smoothly rounded; anterior ridge broken mesally (Fig. 36B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae continuous with ventral pleural setae, dense (Fig. 36A); sternum IX with faint mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 36C). Preanal appendage widest apically, setae filamentous, longer than appendage (Fig. 36A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, acute, in dorsal view, notched, notch deep and round (Fig. 36A, B). Harpago slightly tapered; peglike setae absent (Fig. 36A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired apicolateral lobes and paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes multilobed, apicolateral lobes rounded and with digitate apical lobe; phallotremal sclerites very large, longest dimension twice diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 36D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga without anteromesal notches. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 37C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge, patch of several setae mesally (Fig. 37B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle laterally (Fig. 37A). Tergum X appendage longer than mesal lobe, base distinct, apex triangular; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 37B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 37A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections rounded; posterior sclerite triangular (Fig. 37A). Holotype male: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Cerro de la Neblina, Camp IV, 00°58'00”N, 65°57'00"W, 760 m, 15­18.iii.1984, Flint (NMNH). Paratype: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Cerro de la Neblina, Camp IV, 00°58'00”N, 65°57'00"W, 760 m, 15­18.iii.1984, Flint — 1 female (NMNH). Distribution. Venezuela Etymology. Cordatus, from the Latin, meaning “heart­shaped,” refers to the heart shape apparent when the folded wings are viewed dorsally., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 41-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235

Phylloicus brevior Banks Figs. 30, 31 Phylloicus brevior Banks, 1915:632 [Type locality: Guyana, Bartica; MCZ; male]. — Flint 1967:18 [male]; 1974b:139 [male, distribution]. This species is most similar to P. auratus and elektoros. The forewings of P. brevior are much darker than those of either of the first two species. The broad posterolateral flange of tergum IV and single­lobed coremata (Fig. 30F), and the shape of tergum X (Fig. 30A, B) are also distinctive in P. brevior. The phallus is very similar in all three species, except that where the first two species have a single long posterodorsal process, in P. brevior there are instead very short paired processes (Fig. 30D, E). Adult. Forewing length 9.4­10.4 mm, n = 52. Head golden brown, setae on warts golden. Maxillary palps golden brown. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax golden brown, anterolateral margins darker; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Femora golden brown; foretibiae golden brown; mesotibiae golden brown; metatibiae dark brown; tarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae dark. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; chestnut brown; with longitudinal stripes; with two basal stripes, golden. Hind wing basal brush present in male, dark brown. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures present. Tergum IV with expanded lateral flanges, lateral coremata; lateral coremata single­lobed and originating from pleural membrane of tergum IV, slightly tapered apically; when flaccid, apex folded under posterolateral flange of tergum IV. Tergum V without sclerotized modifications (Fig. 30F). Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process absent and posterior of segment semimembranous (Fig. 30A, C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin smoothly rounded; thinly sclerotized anteromesally (Fig. 30B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae approximately 20, ventral pleural setae approximately 10 (Fig. 30A). Preanal appendage less than 2/3 length of tergum X, of uniform diameter throughout length, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 30A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, truncate, in dorsal view, entire or notched, notch shallow; with short dorsal projection at mid­length (Fig. 30A, B). Harpago slightly tapered; peglike setae few, apical (Fig. 30A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired apicolateral lobes and paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes large and round, apicolateral lobes small and tubercular; phallotremal sclerites small, longest dimension 1/2 diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite rectangular, width greater than height (Fig. 30D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 31C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 31B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, punctate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 31A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base indistinct, apex oblique; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 31B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 31A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite emarginate anteriorly, posterolateral projections rounded; posterior sclerite ovoid; posterior end of spermatheca membranous (Fig. 31A). Material examined. BRAZIL: Parana: 164 km W Altamira, 9.xi.1974, Reinert — 1 female (NMNH); 10.xi.1974, Reinert — 1 male (NMNH); 12.xi.1974, Reinert — 1 female (NMNH); 4­5 mi. W Jatobal, 22.x.1974, Reinert — 1 female (NMNH); 24.x.1974, Reinert — 1 female (NMNH); 28.x.1974, Reinert — 1 female (NMNH); Rio Xingu, camp ca. 60 km S Altamira, 03°39'00”S, 52°22'00"W, 2.x.1986, Spangler & Flint — 2 males (NMNH); 1st jungle stream trail 1, 03°39'00”S, 52°22'00"W, 2­8.x.1986, Spangler & Flint — 10 males, 12 females (NMNH); — 1 male, 1 female (UMSP); Igarape Jabuti, 03°39'00”S, 52°22'00"W, 8­16.x.1986, Spangler & Flint — 1 male, 4 females (NMNH); Rondonia: Cacaulândia, 140 m, 1.xi.1994, Becker — 1 male (NMNH); creek 8 km S of Cacaulandia, 21.xi.1991, Petr — 6 males, 7 females (NMNH); GUYANA: Bartica, Dec, Parish — holotype male (MCZ); SURINAME: Sipaliwini: Kabelebo River, Avanavero Vallen, 7.iv.1971, Geijskes — 1 male (NMNH); 10.iv.1971, Geijskes — 1 male (RNH). Distribution. Brazil, Guyana, Suriname., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 36-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Banks, N. (1915) New neuropteroid insects, native and exotic. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 66, 632 pl 628 f 632 - 634.","Flint, O. S., Jr. (1967) Studies of Neotropical caddis flies, V: Types of the species described by Banks and Hagen. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 123, 1 - 37."]}

Phylloicus mexicanus (Banks) Figs. 2, 3, 70, 71 Phylloicus mexicanus (Banks, 1900:257) [Type locality: Mexico, Morelos, Cuernavaca; MCZ; male (Bank’s description implies type is female, but specimen with type label is a male); in Heteroplectron]. — Flint 1967:17 [as synonym of aeneus]. — Wiggins 1996:224 [larva, as aeneus]. The type of H. mexicana is a male from Cuernavaca, Mexico. The terminalia are very similar to those of P. aeneus and P. nigripennis males. No abdominal coremata are present, and thus it is not conspecific with P. aeneus. The wings are very dark and uniformly colored. The head and thorax are black, except for an orange diamond dorsally on the head. The specimen is very large (forewing length 12.4 mm, compared to 5.9 mm for the P. nigripennis male). Other specimens of this form are from Arizona and the Sonoran Desert regions of Mexico. They are consistently much larger than specimens of P. nigripennis, and have the black wings and thorax, and the orange diamond on the head, of the type specimen. The abdomens of these specimens are orange. Because of its very different size and body coloration, I am recognizing P. mexicanus and removing it from synonymy. Adult. Forewing length 12.4­16.2 mm, n = 122. Head black, except for orange diamond dorsomesally (Fig. 2, 3). Maxillary palps black. Antenna of male twice forewing length; female antenna 11/2 times forewing length; black, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Prothorax orange; dorsal pterothorax black; ventrolateral thorax dark brown. Legs dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male without posterior fringe. Tibial spur formula 2,4,3. Forewing apical third folded obliquely toward midline; dark brown, or black; without colored markings. Hind wing basal brush present in female, short and light brown. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII without anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX with short mesal ridge extending from anterior notch; posterior margin with irregular mesal projection (Fig. 70B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 6, ventral pleural setae approximately 3 (Fig. 70A); sternum IX with paired mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 70C). Preanal appendage approximately length of tergum X, of uniform diameter throughout length, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 70A, B). Tergum X sagittate basally; basodorsal process short and digitate; basolateral processes of varying length and often asymmetrical; apex, in lateral view, acute, in dorsal view, notched, notch deep and round (Fig. 70A, B). Harpago slightly tapered; peglike setae few, apical (Fig. 70A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes large and round; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite two­armed, in lateral view Ushaped (Fig. 70D, E). Female. Abdominal tergum I black. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII without anteromesal process. Tergum VIII with dense posterolateral brush of setae (Figure 71B); sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 71C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 71B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle laterally (Fig. 71A). Tergum X appendage longer than mesal lobe, base marked by faint suture line, apex triangular; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes length approximately equal diameter (Fig. 71B). Sternum X without setae in membrane (Fig. 71A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections acute; posterior sclerite ovoid; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized cone (Fig. 71A). Material examined. MEXICO: 3048 m, 1871, Bilimek — 1 adult (NMW); Chihuahua: Arroyo Banderas at forks, 25.vi.1987, Baumann, Sargent, Kondratieff, & Wells — 3 males, 4 females (NMNH); Arroyo de los Salmon, 23.vi.1987, Baumann — 1 female (NMNH); Arroyo Pajarito, Hwy. 16, 28.vi.1987, Kondratieff & Baumann — 1 male (NMNH); Arroyo Toro, Toro Basin, 1720 m, 23.vi.1987, Kondratieff & Baumann — 1 male (NMNH); 24.vi.1987, Baumann, Sargent, Kondratieff, & Wells — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); headwater spring, 1720 m, 23.vi.1987, Kondratieff & Baumann — 2 females (NMNH); Fork of Arroyo Banderas, near junction Rio Chuhuichupa, 25.vi.1987, Kondratieff & Baumann — 8 females (NMNH); Riito, Hwy 16, 10 mi E of Yepachic, 28.vi.1987, Kondratieff & Baumann — 9 males, 1 female (UMSP); small stream, cascada de Basaseachic, 28.vi.1987, Kondratieff & Baumann — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); spring at Rancho Salmon, 23.vi.1987, Baumann, Sargent, Kondratieff, & Wells — 1 female (NMNH); Durango: 10 mi. W El Salto, 10.vi.1964, McAlpine — 1 female (CNC); 14 mi. SW El Salto, 2438 m, 26.vi.1964, Mason — 1 female (CNC); 30.vi.1964, Mason — 1 female (CNC); Mórelos: Cuernavaca, Banks — holotype male (MCZ); Sonora: small stream near Yecora, 20.viii.1986, Kondratieff — 1 female (NMNH); 25.viii.1986, Kondratieff — 1 male (NMNH); UNITED STATES: Arizona: 1 male, 2 females (CAS); 12 mi. S Sonoita, Hidden Springs Canyon, 23.vii.1966, Sternitzky — 1 female (CNC); Palmerlee, vii. — 1 female (MCZ); Apache County, East Fork Black River, Three Forks Crossing, F. R. 249, 33°51'18”N, 109°18'53"W, 2530 m, 18.vi.1999, Houghton — 14 males, 2 females (UMSP); Cochise County, Chiricahua Mountains, Cave Creek Canyon, 16.vi.1958, MacNeill — 4 females (CAS); Chiricahua Mountains, Cave Creek, 16.vi.1958, MacNeill — 3 males (CAS); Chiricahua Mountains, Rucker Canyon, 8.vi.1968, Menke & Flint — 2 adults (NMNH); Huachuca Mountains — 1 male (MCZ); 24­30.vi. — 1 male (CAS); Huachuca Mountains, Ash Canyon, 26.viii.1966, Sternitzky — 2 males (CNC); Huachuca Mountains, Ramsey Canyon, 15 mi. S Sierra Vista, 1829 m, 7.viii.1967, Sternitzky — 1 female (CNC); 9.viii.1967, Sternitzky — 1 male (CNC); 2.x.1967, Sternitzky — 2 males, 2 females (CNC); Huachuca Mountains, Sierra Vista, 15.viii.­1.ix.1965, Sternitzky — 2 males, 1 female (CNC); 1­20.x.1965, Sternitzky — 3 males, 1 female (CNC); Southwestern Res. Sta., 5 mi W Portal, 1646 m, 7.ix.1965, Roth — 1 male, 2 females (CAS); 6.ix.1966, Arnaud — 1 male (CAS); 15.ix.1966, Arnaud — 1 male, 4 females (CAS); 17.ix.1966, Arnaud — 1 male (CAS); 21.ix.1966, Arnaud — 1 male (CAS); 23.ix.1966, Arnaud — 1 female (CAS); 3.x.1966, Arnaud — 1 male (CAS); SW Res. Sta., 31°57'00”N, 109°50'00"W, 11.vii.1963, Spangler — 2 adults (NMNH); Upper Cave Creek, 1829­2286 m, 14.vi.1984, Roth — 1 male (CAS); Cochise, Chiricahua Mountains, Southwestern Research Station, 31°52'57”N, 109°12'12"W, 1646 m, 28.x.1963, Roth — 1 male (CAS); Coconino, Oak Creek Canyon, 1829 m, vii., Snow — 1 male, 1 female (MCZ); 11.vii.1939, L & M Milne — 3 males (MCZ); 19.vi.1949, Denning — 2 males, 2 females (CAS); Oak Creek Canyon, Todd's Lodge, 12.vi.1941, Grace & Sperry — 1 male (MCZ); 17.vi.1941, Grace & Sperry — 1 male (MCZ); Pima County, Redington, 32°25'39”N, 110°29'33"W, 2880 m — 1 female (MCZ); Pima / Santa Cruz Counties, Santa Rita Mts., Madera Canyon, 12­13.vi.1968, Menke & Flint — 2 adults (NMNH); Santa Cruz / Pima Counties, Rillito, Santa Rita Mountains, 12.vi.1933, Beamer — 1 female (CAS); White Mt. Res., E of McNary, 8.vii.1940, Gertsch & Hook — 1 male (UMSP). Distribution. Mexico, USA (Arizona)., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 71-73, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Banks, N. (1900) New genera and species of Nearctic neuropteroid insects. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 26, 239 - 259.","Flint, O. S., Jr. (1967) Studies of Neotropical caddis flies, V: Types of the species described by Banks and Hagen. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 123, 1 - 37.","Wiggins, G. B. (1996) Larvae of the North American caddisfly genera (Trichoptera), 2 nd edition. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 457 pp."]}

Phylloicus trichothylax, new species Fig. 103 Phylloicus trichothylax is known only from a single teneral male, and thus details of coloration are difficult to identify and the forewings are too twisted for accurate measurement. It is distinguished by the abdominal coremata, which consist of a pair of invaginated membranous pouches containing long setae and a single, eversible, digitate membranous lobe (Fig. 103F), and by the long digitate basodorsal process of tergum X (Fig. 103A, B). Adult. Head golden brown, with dorsomesal crest of golden brown setae. Maxillary palps dark brown. Antenna golden brown. Dorsal pterothorax golden brown; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Legs golden brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat. Hind wing basal brush present in male. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures present. Tergum IV with expanded lateral flanges, mesal coremata; mesal coremata an invaginated setose pouch, enclosing small, digitate eversible lobe. Tergum V without sclerotized modifications (Fig. 103F). Sternum VII without anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX with paired mesal ridges extending length of segment; posterior margin smoothly rounded; thinly sclerotized anteromesally (Fig. 103B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae approximately 8, ventral pleural setae approximately 6 (Fig. 103A); sternum IX without mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 103C). Preanal appendage shorter than tergum X, but greater than 2/3 length, narrowly elliptic, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 103A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process long and digitate; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, truncate, in dorsal view, entire (Fig. 103A, B). Harpago slightly tapered; peglike setae few, apical (Fig. 103A, C). Phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 103D, E). Female. Unknown. Holotype male: ECUADOR: Cotopaxi: Latacunga, 13 km W, 1372 m, 1.vii.1975, Langley & Cohen (NMNH). Distribution. Ecuador. Etymology. Trichothylax, from the Greek trichos, “hair” and thylax, “pouch,” for the setae­enclosing membranous pouch of tergum IV., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on page 98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235

Phylloicus auratus, new species Figs. 21, 22 Phylloicus "n. sp. 4" Flint, 1996:425 This species is similar in color to P. adamsae, but differs in the length of the preanal appendages and phallic morphology (Fig. 21). The male abdomen is most similar to those of P. brevior and elektoros, however, in P. auratus, tergum III is uniquely modified, with an acute anterolateral projection (Fig. 21F), and there is a single tapered dorsal lobe of the phallic endotheca (Fig. 21D, E). Adult. Forewing length 10­11.6 mm, n = 6. Head golden brown, dark anteriorly, setae on warts golden. Maxillary palps dark brown, covered with golden setae. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax golden brown, with golden setae; ventrolateral thorax chestnut brown. Legs chestnut brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae light brown. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown; covered with golden setae. Hind wing basal brush present in male. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures present. Tergum III with acute, apically setose lateral projection. Tergum IV with expanded lateral flanges, lateral coremata; lateral coremata accordion­pleated expansion of dorsal­pleural membrane. Tergum V without sclerotized modifications (Fig. 21F). Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process absent (Fig. 21A, C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin smoothly rounded; anterior margin indistinct, thinly sclerotized anteromesally (Fig. 21B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae approximately 20, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 21A). Preanal appendage less than 2/3 length of tergum X, of uniform diameter throughout length, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 21A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes short, length less than or equal to diameter; apex, in lateral view, rounded, in dorsal view, entire; with shallow dorsal projection at mid­length (Fig. 21A, B). Harpago slightly tapered; peglike setae few, apical (Fig. 21A, C). Phallic endotheca with single long apical lobe and paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes large and round; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 21D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII with wide posteromesal notch; sternum VIII (Fig. 22C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge; notched anteriorly (Fig. 22B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 22A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base marked by faint suture line, apex oblique; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes length approximately equal diameter (Fig. 22B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 22A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite rounded anteriorly, posterolateral projections rounded; posterior sclerite triangular; posterior end of spermatheca membranous (Fig. 22A). Holotype male: PERU: Madre de Dios: Manu Biosphere Res., Pakitza Bio. Sta., Aquajal, 11°56'00”S, 71°18'00"W, 250 m, 12.ix.1988, Pogue (MHNJP). Paratypes: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Ega, 03°22'00”S, 64°42'00"W — 1 male (BMNH); PERU: Madre de Dios: Manu Biosphere Res., Pakitza Bio. Sta., trail 2, marker 18, 11°56'00”S, 71°18'00"W, 250 m, 12­23.ix.1989, Adams et al. — 1 female (NMNH); Río Tambopata Res., 30 air km SW Pto. Maldonado, 290 m, 6­10.xi.1979, Heppner — 1 female (MHNJP); 21­25.xi.1979, Heppner — 1 female (UMSP); 26­30.xi.1979, Heppner — 1 male (NMNH). Distribution. Brazil, Peru. Etymology. Auratus, from the Latin, meaning “golden,” refers to the golden color of the forewings., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 29-31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Flint, O. S., Jr. (1996) Trichoptera collected on the expeditions to Parque Manu, Madre de Dios, Peru. In: Wilson, D. E. & Sandoval, A. (Eds) Manu: The biodiversity of southeastern Peru. Smithsonian Institution Press., Washington, DC, pp. 369 - 430."]}

Phylloicus cressae, new species Figs. 38, 39 Phylloicus cressae is most similar to P. abdominalis, perija, and pirapo. It differs in the morphology of the proximal abdomen, having short lateral sclerites and only a lateral pair of coremata, and in the wing pattern: in P. cressae the second distal band of pale setae is absent, and a small patch of tan setae is present at the base of Cu 1. Adult. Forewing length 11.1­14.9 mm, n = 68. Head chestnut brown, with dorsomesal crest of chestnut brown setae. Maxillary palps chestnut brown, covered with golden setae. Antenna twice forewing length; chestnut brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax chestnut brown; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Legs golden brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae golden brown. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown; with single transverse band; proximal band tan, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing; with two basal stripes, tan; small patch of tan setae at proximal end of wing coupling hairs; with small golden spot marking nygma. Hind wing basal brush present in male and female, dark brown. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures present. Tergum IV with paired posterior processes and paired lateral sclerites, lateral coremata; posterior process truncate; lateral sclerite narrowed apically; lateral coremata with basal globose lobes and long tubular posterior lobe. Tergum V apodemes heavily ridged, with patch of stiff setae posteriorly (Fig. 38F). Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process short and notched, notch narrow and parallel­sided (Fig. 38A, C). Tergum IX deeply notched anteriorly, margins of notch ridged; posterior margin with irregular mesal projection; thinly sclerotized anteromesally (Fig. 38B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae approximately 5, ventral pleural setae approximately 5 (Fig. 38A). Preanal appendage at least 11/2 times length of tergum X, widest apically, setae filamentous, longer than appendage (Fig. 38A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process short and digitate; basolateral processes long, length at least twice diameter; apex, in lateral view, truncate, in dorsal view, entire or notched, notch shallow (Fig. 38A, B). Harpago rounded; peglike setae many, apical (Fig. 38A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes large and round; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 38D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga without anteromesal notches. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII with shallow posteromesal notch, or posterior margin entire; sternum VIII (Fig. 39C). Tergum IX with very short mesal ridge (Fig. 39B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 39A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base indistinct, apex triangular; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes very short, length less than diameter (Fig. 39B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 39A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite ovoid; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized expanded tube (Fig. 39A). Type material. Holotype male: VENEZUELA: Lara: Parque Nacional Dinira, Quebrada Las Pinetas, 09°46'19”N, 70°01'45"W, 1889 m, 22.vi.2001, Holzenthal, Blahnik, Paprocki, & Cressa (UMSP). Paratypes: BOLIVIA: La Paz: Coroico, 2200 m, 23­24.xi.1984, Peña G. — 1 male (NMNH); Yungas Range, Circuata to Cajuata, 3­5.xii.1984, Peña G. — 1 female, 1 male (NMNH); ECUADOR: Napo: Río Jondachi, 30 km N Tena, 950 m, 10.ix.1990, Flint — 1 female, 1 male (NMNH); Pichincha: Río Umachaca, For. Sta. Maquipucuna, ca. 5 km E Nanegal, 00°07'30”N, 78°37'00"W, 1250 m, 4­5.ix.1990, Flint — 2 males (NMNH); VENEZUELA: Aragua: 1 km E Estacion Biologica Rancho Grande, 10°21'07”N, 67°40'48"W, 1100 m, 27.i.1994, Holzenthal, Cressa, & Rincón — 4 males (IZAM); — 3 females, 11 males (UMSP); Rancho Grande, 1100 m, 24­31.x.1966, Duckworth — 1 male (NMNH); Río El Limon, fish hatchery, Maracay, 10°14'49”N, 67°35'45"W, 22­23.x.1974, Weibezahn — 1 female, 1 male (NMNH); 18­19.xii.1974, Weibezahn — 2 females, 2 males (NMNH); 12­13.ii.1975, Weibezahn — 1 female, 1 male (NMNH); Parque Nacional Henri Pittier, Quebrada Guamitas on road to Rancho Grande, 13­14.ix.1979, Savage — 1 female, 1 male (NMNH); Río La Trilla, 22.5 km N of Rancho Grande on road, 17­ 19.ix.1979, Savage — 1 male (NMNH); Guarico: P. N. Guatopo, Queb. Guatopo, 0.5 km N Est. La Colina, 10°00'50”N, 66°21'47"W, 600 m, 22.i.1994, Holzenthal, Cressa, & Rincón — 2 males (IZAM); — 4 males (UMSP); Lara: Parque Nacional Dinira, Quebrada Las Pinetas, 09°46'19”N, 70°01'45"W, 1889 m, 22.vi.2001, Holzenthal, Blahnik, Paprocki, & Cressa — 2 females, 2 males (IZAM); — 1 female, 1 male (NMNH); — 4 females, 4 males (UMSP); Parque Nacional Yacambú, 13 km SE Sanare, 1560 m, 4­7.iii.1978, Heppner — 3 females, 3 males (NMNH); Mérida: La Pedregosa, 21.ii.1976, C & O Flint — 2 males (NMNH); Miranda: P. N. Guatopo, Queb. Macanilla @ La Macanilla, 10°06'47”N, 66°30'58"W, 550 m, 23.i.1994, Holzenthal, Cressa, & Rincón — 1 male (UMSP). Distribution. Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela. Etymology. I am pleased to name this species for its collector, Dr. Claudia Cressa., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 43-44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235

Phylloicus superbus Banks Figs. 102, 115 Phylloicus superbus Banks, 1938:298 [Type locality: Cuba, Oriente, Pico Turquino; MCZ; male]. — Flint 1967:19 [lectotype male]. Phylloicus superbus is not well known. Although the type series consists of many individuals, they are all from two localities on a single mountain and probably represent a single population. No females were collected with them. Except in size, they greatly resemble P. cubanus, of which the specimens I examined all were collected at lower elevation. Thus, P. superbus may represent only an extreme variant of P. cubanus. However, the collections I examined were inadequate for assessing the intraspecific variability of P. cubanus, and consequently inadequate for evaluating the status of P. cubanus. Adult. Forewing length 10.8­12.3 mm, n = 19. Head golden brown. Maxillary palps dark brown. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax golden brown; ventrolateral thorax golden. Femora golden; tibiae dark brown; tarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male without posterior fringe. Tibial spur formula 2,4,2. Forewing flat; dark brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band orange, extending from anterior to posterior wing margin; distal band orange, beginning at anterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing; basal cells without setae, membrane iridescent (Fig. 115). Hind wing basal brush absent. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX with mesal ridge extending 2/3 length of segment; posterior margin continuous with basodorsal process of tergum X (Fig. 102B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 8, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 102A); sternum IX with paired mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 102C). Preanal appendage shorter than tergum X, but greater than 2/3 length, of uniform diameter throughout length, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 102A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process long and digitate; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, rounded, in dorsal view, notched, notch shallow (Fig. 102A, B). Harpago large, rounded; peglike setae many, apical (Fig. 102A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes large and round; phallotremal sclerites very large, longest dimension twice diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite twoarmed, in lateral view U­shaped (Fig. 102D, E). Female. Unknown. Material examined. CUBA: Oriente: Pico Turquino, N side, 4500­6000 f m, 18­ 20.vi.1936, Darlington — lectotype male, 8 male paralectotypes (MCZ); Pico Turquino, summit, 1829 m, 16­21.vi.1936, Darlington — 10 male paralectotypes (MCZ). Distribution. Cuba., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 96-97, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Banks, N. (1938) New West Indian neuropteroid Insects. Revista de Entomologia Rio de Janeiro, 9, 285 - 304.","Flint, O. S., Jr. (1967) Studies of Neotropical caddis flies, V: Types of the species described by Banks and Hagen. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 123, 1 - 37."]}

Phylloicus hansoni Denning Figs. 55­56 Phylloicus hansoni Denning, 1983 in Denning et al. 1983:184 [Type locality: Trinidad, Simla Research Station; CAS; male]. — Botosaneanu & Flint 1982:24 [larva, as P. angustior]. — Botosaneanu & Alkins­Koo 1993:38 [as synonym of P. angustior]. Phylloicus hansoni is similar to P. quitacalzon, but is distinguished by the bi­lobed mesal coremata — (Fig. 55F). Adult. Forewing length 9­11.1 mm, n = 178. Head dark brown. Maxillary palps dark brown. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere, basal segments with pale setae posteriorly. Dorsal pterothorax dark brown; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Femora golden brown; foretibiae golden brown; mesotibiae golden brown; metatibiae dark brown; tarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae dark. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band ivory; distal band ivory, beginning at anterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing; with single basal stripe, ivory. Hind wing basal brush present in male, dark brown. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures present. Tergum IV with expanded lateral flanges, mesal coremata and lateral coremata; lateral coremata with basal globose lobes and long tubular posterior lobe; mesal coremata bilobed, mesal lobe wider at base and tapered apically, lateral lobe digitate. Tergum V without sclerotized modifications (Fig. 55F). Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process notched, notch deep and round (Fig. 55A, C). Tergum IX deeply notched anteriorly, margins of notch ridged; posterior margin with round narrow mesal projection; thinly sclerotized anteromesally (Fig. 55B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 5, ventral pleural setae approximately 10 (Fig. 55A). Preanal appendage at least 11/2 times length of tergum X, widest apically, setae filamentous, longer than appendage (Fig. 55A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process short and digitate; basolateral processes long, length at least twice diameter; apex, in lateral view, truncate, in dorsal view, entire or notched, notch shallow; with paired rounded apicolateral projections (Fig. 55A, B). Harpago short, rounded; peglike setae few, apical (Fig. 55A, C). Phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 55D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII posterior margin entire; sternum VIII (Fig. 56C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 56B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 56A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base marked by faint suture line, apex rounded; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 56B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 56A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite rounded anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite triangular (Fig. 56A). Material examined. TRINIDAD: Arima R., Verdant Vale, 10°41'00”N, 61°18'00"W, 170 m, 19.vi.1993, Adams & Mathis — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); Mount St. Benedict stream, 10°39'00”N, 61°24'00"W, 250 m, 20­25.vi.1993, Flint & Adams — 1 female (NMNH); Simla Research Station, 2­15.vi.1981, Hanson & Clemons — holotype male (CAS); Simla, Arima Valley, 6­12.ii.1966, S & W Duckworth — 2 females (NMNH); Saint George: Blue Basin River, 10°44'00”N, 61°32'00"W, 100 m, 21.vi.1993, Adams & Mathis — 3 males (NMNH); Blue Basin Waterfall, 10°44'00”N, 61°32'00"W, 120 m, Botosaneanu — 2 females (NMNH); 17.iv.1991, Botosaneanu & Sakal — 2 males (NMNH); 21.vi.1993, Flint — 4 males, 3 females (NMNH); Maracas Falls, 10°44'00”N, 61°24'00"W, 270 m, 18.vi.1993, Flint — 1 female (NMNH); Tacarigua R., Caura Rec. area, 10°43'00”N, 61°17'00"W, 22.vi.1993, Flint & Adams — 5 males (NMNH); VENEZUELA: Aragua: El Limon, near Maracay, Quebrada Los Capuchinos, 550 m, 9.ix.1979, Savage — 1 female, 1 male (NMNH); Río El Limon, fish hatchery, Maracay, 10°14'49”N, 67°35'45"W, 5­6.xi.1974, Weibezahn — 5 males (UMSP); 19­20.xi.1974, Weibezahn — 2 males, 2 females (NMNH); 4­5.xii.1974, Weibezahn — 3 males, 4 females (NMNH); — 3­ 4.i.1975, Weibezahn — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); 30.i.1975, Weibezahn — 1 male, 2 females (NMNH); 11­12.iii.1975, Weibezahn — 10 males (NMNH); 23.iv.1975, Weibezahn — 2 males, 1 female (NMNH); 7.v.1975, Weibezahn — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); 19­20.v.1975, Weibezahn — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); 3­4.vi.1975, Weibezahn — 1 female (NMNH); 12.viii.1975, Weibezahn — 1 female (NMNH); 25­ 26.ix.1975, Weibezahn — 1 male (NMNH); 3­6.ii.1976, C & O Flint — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); Falcón: Quebrada El Charo at cataratas, 10°46'46”N, 69°12'10"W, 425 m, 12.vi.2001, Holzenthal, Blahnik, Paprocki, & Cressa — 4 males, 2 females (UMSP); Río Mitare near San Luís, 11°07'56”N, 69°39'11"W, 589 m, 7.vi.2001, Holzenthal, Blahnik, Paprocki, & Cressa — 3 males (IZAM); Río Ricoa near Dos Bocas, 11°17'19”N, 69°26'04"W, 157 m, 8.vi.2001, Holzenthal, Blahnik, Paprocki, & Cressa — 1 male (UMSP); P. N. Cueva de la Quebrada del Toro, 10°49'35”N, 69°07'59"W, 530 m, 11.vi.2001, Holzenthal, Blahnik, Paprocki, & Cressa — 11 males, 3 females (UMSP); P. N. Sierra de San Luís, Cataratas del Río Hueque, 11°10'42”N, 69°33'44"W, 583 m, 6.vi.2001, Holzenthal, Blahnik, Paprocki, & Cressa — 3 males, female (IZAM); — 10 males, 3 females (UMSP); Lara: Yacambú, 1200 m, 10.v.1981, Townes — 2 males, 3 females (NMNH); Parque Nacional Terepaima, Quebrada San Antonio, 09°51'45”N, 69°13'06"W, 631 m, 17.vi.2001, Holzenthal, Blahnik, Paprocki, & Cressa — 3 males, 3 females (UMSP); Río Auro near Sabana Alta, 09°44'44”N, 69°16'37"W, 480 m, 16.vi.2001, Holzenthal, Blahnik, Paprocki, & Cressa — 2 males (IZAM); — 5 males, 2 females (UMSP); Mérida: 6 km N Mérida, 1524 m, 9.ii.1978, Heppner — 2 females, 3 males (NMNH); Miranda: P. N. Guatopo, Agua Blanca, 7.ii.1976, C & O Flint — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); Sucre: Qbd. Zapateral, 1.5 km SE Las Piedras de Cocollar, 10°09'45”N, 63°47'35"W, 810 m, 9.iv.1995, Holzenthal & Flint — 2 males, 2 females (IZAM); — 4 males, 10 females (UMSP); Rio Cocollar, 1.5 km SE Las Piedras de Cocollar, 10°09'37”N, 63°47'36"W, 810 m, 7­8.iv.1995, Holzenthal & Flint — 1 male, 2 females (IZAM); — 6 males, 9 females (UMSP); Rio el Pozo, Peninsula de Paria Puerto Viejo, 10°43'04”N, 62°28'34"W, 20 m, 4.iii.1995, Holzenthal, Flint, & Cressa — 1 male (UMSP); Zulia: Distrito Baralt, Río Paují betwen San Juan & San An, 9­11.x.1979, Savage — 1 male (NMNH). Distribution. Venezuela, Trinidad., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 57-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Denning, D. G., Resh, V. H. & Hogue, C. L. (1983) New species of Phylloicus and a new Neotropical genus of Calamoceratidae (Trichoptera). Aquatic Insects, 5, 181 - 191.","Botosaneanu, L. & Flint, O. S., Jr. (1982) On some Trichoptera from northern Venezuela and Ecuador (Insecta). Beaufortia, 32, 13 - 26.","Botosaneanu, L. & Alkins-Koo, M. (1993) The caddis flies (Insecta: Trichoptera) of Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie, 63, 5 - 45."]}

Phylloicus paucartambo, new species Figs. 86, 87, 113 Phylloicus "n. sp. 1" Flint, 1996:424 Phylloicus paucartambo is most similar to P. flinti, from which it is easily distinguished by the very different wing patterns of the two species. The forewing of P. paucartambo has a distinctive pattern of orange on dark brown or black (Fig. 113). None of the male specimens had the phallic endotheca fully everted, so I am unable to describe the membranous lobes. Adult. Forewing length 9.7­11.4 mm, n = 7. Head black. Maxillary palps black. Antenna twice forewing length; black, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax black; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Femora golden brown; tibiae black; tarsi black. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae dark. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown, or black; with two transverse bands; proximal band orange, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing, an inverted V­shape; distal band orange, not reaching either wing margin, 1/2 width of wing or less; with two basal stripes, orange; with small orange spot marking nygma (Fig. 113). Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures present. Tergum III with acute anterolateral process and posterolaterally acute lateral sclerites. Tergum IV with paired posterior processes and paired lateral sclerites, mesal coremata and lateral coremata; posterior process short, rounded; lateral sclerite spatulate, directed laterally; lateral coremata with basal globose lobes and long tubular posterior lobe; mesal coremata bilobed and an invaginated setose pouch, pouch enclosing digitate membranous lobes. Tergum V without sclerotized modifications (Fig. 86F). Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process truncate and hollow (Fig. 86A, C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin smoothly rounded; anterior ridge obsolete mesally (Fig. 86B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae continuous with ventral pleural setae, dense (Fig. 86A). Preanal appendage approximately length of tergum X, of uniform diameter throughout length, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 86A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process broad and setose; basolateral processes long, length at least twice diameter; apex, in lateral view, truncate, in dorsal view, entire or notched, notch round (Fig. 86A, B). Harpago rounded; peglike setae few, apical (Fig. 86A, C). Phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 86D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga without anteromesal notches. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII with shallow posteromesal notch, or posterior margin entire; sternum VIII (Fig. 87C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 87B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle laterally (Fig. 87A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base distinct, apex oblique; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes long, at least twice diameter and often asymmetrical (Fig. 87B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 87A). Vaginal apparatus posterior sclerite elongate; anterior sclerite emarginate anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite triangular; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized expanded tube (Fig. 87A). Holotype male: PERU: Cuzco: Paucartambo to Pilcopata rd., Río San Pedro @ Puente San Pedro, 13°03'18”S, 71°32'47"W, 1445 m, 24.vi.1993, Blahnik & Pescador (MHNJP). Paratypes: ECUADOR: Napo: Reventador, 1750 m, 3­6.x.1977, Peña G. — 1 female (NMNH); PERU: Cuzco: Paucartambo to Pilcopata rd., river at Puente Unión, 13°04'13”S, 71°34'00"W, 1670 m, 21­23.vi.1993, Blahnik & Pescador — 1 female (NMNH); Paucartambo, Pte. San Pedro, ca. 50 km NW Pilcopata km 152, 13°09'00”S, 71°26'00"W, 1430 m, 2­3.ix.1988, Flint & Adams — 1 female, 1 male (MHNJP); — 1 male (NMNH); 30­31.viii.1989, Adams — 1 male (NMNH); — 1 male (UMSP). Distribution. Peru, Ecuador. Etymology. Named for the type locality, the town of Paucartambo, Peru., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 84-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Flint, O. S., Jr. (1996) Trichoptera collected on the expeditions to Parque Manu, Madre de Dios, Peru. In: Wilson, D. E. & Sandoval, A. (Eds) Manu: The biodiversity of southeastern Peru. Smithsonian Institution Press., Washington, DC, pp. 369 - 430."]}

Phylloicus bicarinatus, new species Figs. 25, 26, 107 This species can be distinguished by the double keel or carinae of tergum X (Fig. 25B). The forewing pattern is similar to that of P. elegans and lituratus and maculatus, but in P. bicarinatus the setae forming the pattern are bright white, forming a crescent­shaped proximal band, in contrast to the ivory­yellow setae and the V­shaped proximal band of the other three species. Adult. Forewing length 9­9.9 mm, n = 28. Head chestnut brown. Maxillary palps dark brown. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax chestnut brown; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Femora golden brown; foretibiae dark brown; mesotibiae dark brown; metatibiae dark brown; foretarsi chestnut brown; mesotarsi dark brown; metatarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae dark. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; black; with two transverse bands; proximal band white, extending from anterior to posterior wing margin; distal band white, beginning at anterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing, widest and densest anteriorly; with single basal stripe, white (Fig. 107). Hind wing basal brush present in male, dark brown. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process notched, notch deep and round (Fig. 25A, C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin smoothly rounded; thinly sclerotized anteromesally (Fig. 25B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae approximately 8, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 25A). Preanal appendage less than 2/3 length of tergum X, narrowly elliptic, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 25A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process short and bifid; basolateral processes short, length less than or equal to diameter; apex, in lateral view, rounded, in dorsal view, notched, notch shallow; with paired mesal carinae (Fig. 25A, B). Harpago slightly tapered; peglike setae few, apical (Fig. 25A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes tapered apically; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 25D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII posterior margin entire; sternum VIII (Fig. 26C). Tergum IX with very short mesal ridge (Fig. 26B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 26A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base indistinct, apex oblique; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes long, at least twice diameter and often asymmetrical (Fig. 26B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 26A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite ovoid (Fig. 26A). Holotype male: PERU: Madre de Dios: Manu Biosphere Res., Pakitza Bio. Sta., Quebrada Trompetero, trail 2, marker 15, 11°56'39”S, 71°16'59"W, 350 m, 3.vii.1993, Blahnik & Pescador (MHNJP). Paratypes: BOLIVIA: La Paz: Río Alto Beni, Palos Blancos, 600 m, 11­15.i.1976, Peña G. — 1 male (NMNH); Santa Cruz: Sara, 450 m, Steinbach — 1 male (CMNH); PERU: Cuzco: Quincemil, xi.1962, Peña G. — 1 male (CNC); — 2 males (NMNH); Madre de Dios: Toma del Agua, Amazonia Lodge, 12°52'13”S, 71°22'34"W, 415 m, 29.vi.1993, Blahnik & Pescador — 1 male (NMNH); — 1 male (UMSP); Manu Biosphere Res., Pakitza Bio. Sta., 11°56'00”S, 71°18'00"W, 350 m, 30.ix.1987, Pogue — 1 male (NMNH); 01­13­03­99, 11°56'00”S, 71°18'00"W, 350 m, 2.x.1987, Pogue — 1 male (NMNH); Aquajal, 11°56'00”S, 71°18'00"W, 250 m, 12.ix.1988, Pogue — 2 males (NMNH); trail 1, marker 14 (1st stream), 11°56'00”S, 71°18'00"W, 250 m, 19­23.ix.1989, Adams et al. — 1 male (NMNH); trail 1, marker 4 (near tents), 11°56'00”S, 71°18'00"W, 250 m, 8­22.ix.1989, Adams et al. — 1 female, 3 males (NMNH); — 1 male (MHNJP); — 1 male (UMSP); trail 2, marker 18, 11°56'00”S, 71°18'00"W, 250 m, 12­23.ix.1989, Adams et al. — 1 male (MHNJP); — 5 males (NMNH); Quebrada Paujil­Picoflor, trail 1, marker 13, 11°56'39”S, 71°16'59"W, 350 m, 2.vii.1993, Blahnik & Pescador — 1 female (NMNH); 4­6.vii.1993, Blahnik & Pescador — 1 female (MHNJP); — 1 female (NMNH); Quebrada Trompetero, trail 2, marker 15, 11°56'39”S, 71°16'59"W, 350 m, 3.vii.1993, Blahnik & Pescador — 1 male (MHNJP); — 1 female, 2 males (NMNH); — 2 females (UMSP). Distribution. Bolivia, Peru. Etymology. Bicarinatus, from the Latin bi­, “two” and carinatus, “keeled,” referring to the double keel of tergum X., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 32-34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235

Phylloicus quadridigitatus, new species Fig. 96 This species is known only from a single male, with antennae and wings badly rubbed. Thus, any ornamentation of wings or antennae is unknown. The phallic endotheca is not fully everted, so I am unable to describe the membranous lobes. Phylloicus quadridigitatus is distinguished by the two pairs of digitate processes of tergum X, from which it takes its name. Adult. Forewing length 7.3 mm, n = 1. Head black, including setal warts. Maxillary palps black. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown. Prothorax black; dorsal pterothorax black; ventrolateral thorax chestnut brown. Femora chestnut brown; tibiae golden brown; tarsi golden brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae. Tibial spur formula 2,2,2. Forewing flat; dark brown; without colored markings. Hind wing basal brush present in male. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga without anteromesal notches. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII without anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX with paired mesal ridges extending length of segment; posterior margin obtuse (Fig. 96B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 10, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 96A); sternum IX without mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 96C). Preanal appendage less than 2/3 length of tergum X, widest near base, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 96A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes long, length at least twice diameter; apex, in lateral view, with long digitate posterodorsal projection and short ventral projection, in dorsal view, cleft; with paired spine­like mesal setae at mid­length; posteriorly with two pairs of digitate processes, dorsomesal processes twice length of ventrolateral processes (Fig. 96A, B). Harpago large, rounded; peglike setae many, apical (Fig. 96A, C). Phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 96D, E). Female. Unknown. Holotype male: BRAZIL: São Paulo: Alto da Serra, 29­30.x.1927, Zerny (NMW). Distribution. Brazil., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 91-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235

Phylloicus munozi, new species Figs. 74, 75 Phylloicus “species 2" Flint, 1991:99. Phylloicus munozi is similar to P. blahniki, but is distinguished by the unmodified tergum III, the absence of posterior processes of tergum IV and a complex lateral sclerite (Fig. 74F), and the long digitate basodorsal process of tergum X (Fig. 74A, B). Adult. Forewing length 9.7­10.5 mm, n = 17. Head golden brown. Maxillary palps dark brown. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax golden brown; ventrolateral thorax pale tan. Legs pale tan. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae dark. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band pale orange­yellow, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing, narrow, less than 10 setae wide; distal band pale orange­yellow, not reaching either wing margin, 1/2 width of wing or less, narrow, less than 10 setae wide; with two basal stripes, ivory; cell Cu and base of cell Cu 2 clear. Hind wing basal brush present in male. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures present. Tergum IV with paired lateral sclerites, mesal coremata and lateral coremata; lateral sclerite spatulate, directed laterally and with acute basomesal process; lateral coremata with basal globose lobes and long tubular posterior lobe; mesal coremata single­lobed, setose, capable of inflation beyond terminalia. Tergum V without sclerotized modifications (Fig. 74F). Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin continuous with basodorsal process of tergum X (Fig. 74B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae approximately 2, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 74A); sternum IX without mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 74C). Preanal appendage approximately length of tergum X, of uniform diameter throughout length, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 74A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process long and digitate; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, truncate, in dorsal view, entire (Fig. 74A, B). Harpago slightly tapered; peglike setae many, apical (Fig. 74A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired apicolateral lobes and paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes tapered apically, apicolateral lobes large and rounded; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 74D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII posterior margin entire; sternum VIII (Fig. 75C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 75B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 75A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base marked by faint suture line, apex oblique; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 75B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 75A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite rounded anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite triangular (Fig. 75A). Holotype male: COSTA RICA: Cartago: Reserva Tapantí, Quebrada Palmitos & falls, ca. 9 km (road) NW tunnel, 09°43'12”N, 83°46'48"W, 1400 m, 1­2.viii.1990, Holzenthal, Blahnik, & Muñoz (UMSP). Paratypes: COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Mun. Envigado, Quebrada La Ayura, 1750 m, 2.xii.1983, Matthias — 1 female (NMNH); site B, 1750 m, 9.xii.1983, Matthias — 2 females (NMNH); trap B, 1750 m, 20.iv.1983, Matthias — 1 male (NMNH); 23.viii.1983, Matthias — 2 males (NMNH); COSTA RICA: Límon: Limon, 16 km W Guapiles, 400 m, Ii.­ Mar 1989, Hanson — 1 male (UMSP); Puntarenas: Río Bellavista trib., Las Alturas, road to quarry, 08°57'07”N, 82°50'53"W, 1480 m, 19.iii.1991, Holzenthal, Muñoz, & Huisman — 1 male (INBIO); — 1 male (UMSP); Río Jaba, rock quarry, 1.4 km (air) W Las Cruces, 08°47'24”N, 82°58'12"W, 1150 m, 9.viii.1990, Holzenthal, Blahnik, & Muñoz — 1 male (UMSP); 15.iii.1991, Holzenthal, Muñoz, & Huisman — 2 males (UMSP); Jardín Botanico R & C Wilson, unnamed trib., Sendro del Agua, 08°48'00”N, 82°57'36"W, 1180 m, 8.viii.1990, Holzenthal, Blahnik, & Muñoz — 2 males (UMSP); San José: Reserva Biológica Carara, Río del Sur, 1.5 km (rd) S Carara, 09°46'08”N, 84°31'52"W, 160 m, 13.iii.1991, Holzenthal, Muñoz, & Huisman — 1 female (UMSP); PANAMA: Chiriqui: Fortuna Dam Site nr. Hornitos, 08°55'00”N, 82°16'00"W, 1050 m, 4.i.­ 7.iii.1978, Wolda — 1 male (NMNH). Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama. Etymology. This species is named for Fernando Muñoz­Quesada, who collected the type specimen., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 75-77, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Flint, O. S., Jr. (1991) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XLV: The taxonomy, phenology, and faunistics of the Trichoptera of Antioquia, Colombia, Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, Vol. 520. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., 113 pp."]}

Phylloicus magnus Banks Figs. 66, 67 Phylloicus magnus Banks, 1913:236 [Type locality: Colombia, Monte Socorro; MCZ; male]. — Flint 1967:19 [male]. As suggested by its name, P. magnus is probably the largest species of Phylloicus. It is also distinguished by the long coxopodite, the notched apex of tergum X, and the short preanal appendage. The female specimen described here is circumstantially associated. Like the holotype of P. magnus, it is very large. The only Colombian species large enough to be conspecific with this female is P. magnus. The description of the adult is based on this female specimen, which is much less rubbed than the male. Adult. Forewing length 16.2­18.5 mm, n = 2. Head chestnut brown, with dorsomesal crest of dark brown setae. Maxillary palps dark brown, covered with dark brown setae. Antenna of male twice forewing length; female antenna 11/2 times forewing length; chestnut brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax chestnut brown; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Legs golden brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae pale. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; chestnut brown; with golden bands and dark patches; with single basal stripe, golden; with irregular gold and dark brown patches posterad of Cu 1; with small golden spots marking nygma and thyridium. Hind wing basal brush absent. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga without anteromesal notches. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII without anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX with paired mesal ridges extending 1/2 length of segment; posterior margin smoothly rounded (Fig. 66B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae approximately 5, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 66A); sternum IX with paired mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 66C). Preanal appendage less than 2/3 length of tergum X, narrowly elliptic, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 66A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, truncate, in dorsal view, notched, notch triangular; with paired short basomesal processes, each bearing single spine­like seta (Fig. 66A, B). Harpago rounded; peglike setae few, apical (Fig. 66A, C). Phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoeshaped (Fig. 66D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga without anteromesal notches. Sternum VII without anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII with shallow posteromesal notch; sternum VIII (Fig. 67C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 67B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, punctate, with shallow pockets anterolateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 67A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base marked by faint suture line, apex rounded; mesal lobe with single mesal seta; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 67B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 67A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite rounded anteriorly, posterolateral projections rounded; posterior sclerite triangular; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized sphere (Fig. 67A). Material examined. COLOMBIA: Monte Socorro, 3600 m, Fassl — holotype male (MCZ); Caldas: 5 km W Termales de Ruiz, 3200 m, 27­29.ii.1984, C & O Flint — 1 female (NMNH). Distribution. Colombia., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 68-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Banks, N. (1913) Synopses and descriptions of exotic Neuroptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 39, 201 - 242.","Flint, O. S., Jr. (1967) Studies of Neotropical caddis flies, V: Types of the species described by Banks and Hagen. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 123, 1 - 37."]}

Phylloicus elegans Hogue and Denning Figs. 43, 44, 109 Phylloicus elegans Hogue and Denning, 1983 in Denning et al. 1983:184 [Type locality: Panama, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island; WSU; male]. — Flint 1991:98 [male, distribution]. The wing pattern of P. elegans (Fig. 109) is identical to that of P. lituratus. However, the male abdomen of P. elegans is very distinctive: tergum IV has distinctively shaped posteriorly projecting lateral sclerites and multilobed lateral coremata (Fig. 43F). The females of the two species are indistinguishable, and as several series from different localities contain males of both P. elegans and P. lituratus, all determinations of females are tentative. Hybrids may occur; this is discussed under P. lituratus. Adult. Forewing length 10.4­12.1 mm, n = 106. Head chestnut brown. Maxillary palps dark brown. Antenna twice forewing length; chestnut brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax chestnut brown; ventrolateral thorax golden. Femora golden; foretibiae dark brown; mesotibiae dark brown; metatibiae dark brown; foretarsi dark brown; mesotarsi white proximally, dark distally; metatarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae dark. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band ivory, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing, an inverted V­shape; distal band ivory, beginning at anterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing; with two basal stripes, ivory (Fig. 109). Hind wing basal brush present in male and female; male brush light brown; female brush dark brown. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures present. Tergum IV with paired posterior processes and paired lateral sclerites, lateral coremata; posterior process truncate; lateral sclerite spatulate, directed laterally; lateral coremata with basal globose lobes. Tergum V without sclerotized modifications (Fig. 43F). Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process notched, notch deep and round (Fig. 43A, C). Tergum IX with mesal ridge extending full length of segment; posterior margin with round narrow mesal projection (Fig. 43B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae approximately 4, ventral pleural setae approximately 2 (Fig. 43A). Preanal appendage at least 11/2 times length of tergum X, widest apically, setae filamentous, longer than appendage (Fig. 43A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process short and digitate; basolateral processes short, length less than or equal to diameter; apex, in lateral view, truncate, in dorsal view, entire or notched, notch shallow; with paired dorsolateral ridges (Fig. 43A, B). Harpago rounded; peglike setae many, apical (Fig. 43A, C). Phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 43D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII with shallow posteromesal notch, or posterior margin entire; sternum VIII (Fig. 44C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 44B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 44A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base indistinct, apex oblique; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 44B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 44A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite triangular; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized cone (Fig. 44A). Material examined. COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Quebrada Honda, 12 km SW Fredonia, 1450 m, 22.ii.1983, Flint — 3 males, 1 female (NMNH); Quebrada La Jimenez, Mun. Sopetran, trap C, 780 m, 22.v.1983, Matthias — 1 male (NMNH); COSTA RICA: Alajuela: 20 km S Upala, 15.vii.1990, Parker — 2 males (EMUS); 6.i.1991, Parker — 1 male (EMUS); 30.v.1991, Parker — 1 male (EMUS); 1­15.vii.1991, Parker — 1 male (EMUS); 1­10.viii.1991, Parker — 1 male (EMUS); 21­31.viii.1991, Parker — 1 male, 1 female (EMUS); unnamed river, Cerro Campana ca. 6 km (air) NW Dos Rios, 10°54'00”N, 85°24'00"W, 640 m, 22­23.vii.1987, Holzenthal, Morse, & Clausen — 1 male (UMSP); Guanacaste: Maritza, Quebrada Marilin, 10°57'04”N, 85°29'24"W, 600 m, 12.i.1992, Sweeney, MacLeod, & Villalobos — 3 males (NMNH); 9.xi.1992, de la Rosa — 1 male (UMSP); Río Los Ahogados, Río Los Ahogados, 11.3 km ENE Quebrada Grande, 10°51'54”N, 85°25'23"W, 470 m, 7.iii.1986, Holzenthal & Fasth — 1 male (UMSP); Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Río Orosí, Estación Pitilla, 10°59'28”N, 85°25'41"W, 700 m, 22­25.v.1990, Holzenthal & Blahnik — 1 male (UMSP); Límon: Río Uatsi, ca. 8 km (air) W Bribri, 09°37'12”N, 82°54'00"W, 60 m, 25.v.1987, Holzenthal, Hamilton, & Heyn — 1 male (UMSP); Puntarenas: Río Singrí, ca 2 km (air) S Finca Helechales, 09°03'25”N, 83°04'55"W, 720 m, 21.ii.1986, Holzenthal, Morse, & Fasth — 1 male (UMSP); San José: Escazu, 11­18.iv.1988, Parker — 2 males (EMUS); 15.iv.1988, Parker — 2 males (EMUS); 15­21.v.1988, Parker — 1 male, 1 female (EMUS); Reserva Biológica Carara, Río Carara, Carara, 09°46'41”N, 84°31'52"W, 200 m, 14.iii.1991, Holzenthal, Muñoz, & Huisman — 1 male (UMSP); Río del Sur, 1.5 km (rd) S Carara, 09°46'08”N, 84°31'52"W, 160 m, 13.iii.1991, Holzenthal, Muñoz, & Huisman — 1 male (UMSP); ECUADOR: Pichincha: Río Palenque Biological Station, Río Palenque, Santo Domingo (47 km), 229 m, 29.vii.1976, Cohen — 1 male (NMNH); NICARAGUA: Chontales: Rt. 7, km 206 E of Villa Somosa, 29.vii.1967, Flint & Ortiz — 1 male (NMNH); Jinotega: Cerro Mazú, 14°33'00”N, 85°07'00"W, 220 m, 7­10.ix.1997, Maes & Hernández — 2 males, 1 female (UMSP); Zelaya: Cerro Saslaya, 13°44'00”N, 85°01'00"W, 700 m, 1.iv.1996, Maes & Hernández — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); PANAMA: Darien: Río Tacarcuna, 579 m, 11.vii.1963, Fairchild — 1 male (MCZ); Panama: Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, 28­ 30.iv.1964, S & W Duckworth — 1 male (NMNH); 10­17.v.1964, S & W Duckworth — 1 male (NMNH); 21.ii.1967, Akre — 12 male, 21 female paratypes (CAS); 22­24.ii.1967, Akre — holotype male (WSU); 12.iii.1967, Akre — allotype female (WSU); 18.iii.1967, Akre — 10 male, 14 female paratypes (CAS); 24­25.ii.1969, Akre — 8 male, 9 female paratypes (CAS); 12.iii.1969, Akre — 1 male, 2 female paratypes (CAS); 8.v.1977, Silberglied & Aiello — 1 male (NMNH); 25.vi.1978, Silberglied & Aiello — 1 male (NMNH); Snyder­Molino trail, marker 3, 28.ix.1988 ­ 3.i.1989, Wolda 7 males (NMNH); 13.xii.1989 ­ 13.ii.1990, Wolda — 6 males (UMSP); 12.xii.1990 ­ 5.ii.1991, Wolda — 5 males (NMNH); Windowpane trap­4A, 31.i.­5.ii.1986, Wolda — 1 male (NMNH). Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Panama., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 46-48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Denning, D. G., Resh, V. H. & Hogue, C. L. (1983) New species of Phylloicus and a new Neotropical genus of Calamoceratidae (Trichoptera). Aquatic Insects, 5, 181 - 191.","Flint, O. S., Jr. (1991) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XLV: The taxonomy, phenology, and faunistics of the Trichoptera of Antioquia, Colombia, Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, Vol. 520. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., 113 pp."]}

Phylloicus angustior Ulmer Figs. 19, 20 Phylloicus angustior Ulmer, 1905a:78 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio Gr. do Sul [sic]; NMW; male]. — Flint 1966:11 [lectotype male]. — Botosaneanu & Alkins­Koo 1993:38 [distribution]. I was unable to locate a specimen with Flint’s lectotype label; it is not possible to determine if the specimens from Vienna I examined are those examined by Flint; the label data are the same. Phylloicus angustior is distinguished by the acute apex of tergum X (in lateral view; Fig. 19A) and the unpatterned forewings. Adult. Forewing length 12.1­14.4 mm, n = 105. Head dark brown, with dorsomesal crest of chestnut brown setae. Maxillary palps chestnut brown. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax dark brown; ventrolateral thorax golden. Femora golden; tibiae dark brown; foretarsi dark brown; mesotarsi pale tan; metatarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae dark. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown; with golden bands and dark patches; with single basal stripe, golden; darker setae surrounding thyridial spot, extending to posterior margin; two short dark bands in anterodistal portion of wing; with small golden spot marking thyridium. Hind wing basal brush absent. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII without anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process notched, notch deep and round or narrow and parallel­sided (Fig. 19A, C). Tergum IX deeply notched anteriorly, margins of notch ridged; posterior margin with acute mesal projection (Fig. 19B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 10, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 19A). Preanal appendage longer than tergum X, but less than 11/2 times length, widest apically, setae filamentous, longer than appendage (Fig. 19A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process short and digitate; basolateral processes of varying length and often asymmetrical; apex, in lateral view, acute, in dorsal view, notched, notch round; with row of short setae on lateral surfaces and apicodorsally (Fig. 19A, B). Harpago rounded; peglike setae many, apical (Fig. 19A, C). Phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 19D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII without anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII with shallow posteromesal notch; sternum VIII (Fig. 20C). Tergum IX with very short mesal ridge (Fig. 20B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, punctate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 20A). Tergum X appendage length equal to mesal lobe, base indistinct, apex triangular; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes length approximately equal diameter and often asymmetrical (Fig. 20B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 20A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite rounded anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite triangular; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized expanded tube (Fig. 20A). Material examined. ARGENTINA: Misiones: 10.xi.1909, Jørgensen — 1 male (MCZ); 20.xii.1909, Jørgensen — 1 female (MCZ); 6 km E El Dorado, 22.xi.1973, Flint — 1 female (NMNH); Ao. Coati, 15 km E San Jose, 18­19.xi.1973, Flint — 2 males (NMNH); Ao. Piray Mini W, Dos Hermanas, 23.xi.1973, Flint — 2 males (NMNH); Ao. Saura, 9 km N, L.N. Alem, 20.xi.1973, Flint — 3 males (NMNH); San Pedro, Arroyo Piray­Guazú, 22.xi.1973, Flint — 2 males (NMNH); BRAZIL: Goiás: Goiás, 7.vii.1984, Becker — 1 male (UMSP); Minas Gerais: Aldeia de Cachoeira das Pedras, 20°06'49”S, 44°01'25"W, 925 m, 28­29.ix.2000, Paprocki & Braga — 3 males, 3 females (MZUSP); — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); — 16 males, 10 females (UMSP); 9.x. Paprocki & Isaac — 5 males, 7 females (UMSP); Cachoeira do Abacaxi, Vale do Tropeiro, 20°12'16”S, 43°38'10"W, 1120 m, 30.ix.2000 — 1 male (UMSP); Ibitipoca, Sitio of Anestis Papadopolous, 21°43'14”S, 43°54'33"W, 1200 m, 23.x.2000, Paprocki — 1 female (UMSP); Rio das Velhas, upstream from São Bartolomeu, 20°18'39”S, 43°33'57"W, 18.ix.1998, Paprocki & Amarante — 8 males (UMSP); Rio Mainarte, bridge on Cibrão road, 20°27'15”S, 43°24'06"W, 700 m, 19.ix.1998, Paprocki & Amarante — 3 females (UMSP); trib. of Rio Parauninha, Serra do Breu, Faz. do Zé da Mata, 19°07'55”S, 43°37'24"W, 15.ii.1999, Paprocki & Braga — 3 males, 4 females (UMSP); Estação Ecológica de Tripuí, Córrego Botafogo, 20°22'54”S, 43°33'37"W, 1100 m, 16.xii.1998, Paprocki & Amarante — 1 female (UMSP); 23.i.1999, Amarante — 1 male (UMSP); Estação Ecológica do Tripuí, Córrego Tripuí, 20°23'22”S, 43°32'32"W, 1070 m, 21.ii.1999 — 1 female (UMSP); Serra do Cipó, Capão da Mata, 19°19'21”S, 43°32'15"W, 1170 m, 10.iii.1996, Holzenthal, Rochetti, & Oliveira — 2 females (UMSP); km 126, 15.xii.1973, Froehlich — 2 males (NMNH); Parana: Rio Cascata, Graciosa, road to Morretes, 25°20'13”S, 48°53'58"W, 750 m, 10.i.1998, Holzenthal, Melo, & Almeida — 1 male (UMSP); Rio Grande do Sul: Staudinger & Bang­Haas — 1 male (DEI); Stieglmayr — 1 male, lectotype male (NMW); Pelotas, 20.iv.1958, Biezanko — 1 male (BMNH); Santa Catarina: Seara (Nova Teutônia), 27°11'00”S, 52°23'00"W, 300­500 m, 11.x.1936, Plaumann — 1 male (BMNH); 7.ix.1937, Plaumann — 1 male (BMNH); 1.x.1964, Plaumann — 1 male (NMNH); Urubici, Morro da Igreja, Cachoeira Veu da Noiva, 28°04'36”S, 49°31'05"W, 1300 m, 5.iii.1998, Holzenthal, Froehlich, & Paprocki — 1 male (UMSP); PARAGUAY: Itapua: Pirapo, 28­31.xii.1971, Peña G. — 5 males (NMNH); Paraguari: Parque Nacional Ybycui, Arroyo Mina, 5.x.1984, Bonace — 1 male (NMNH); URUGUAY: Cerro Largo: Arroyo Quebrache, 1.iii.1959, Carbonell — 3 males (NMNH). Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 27-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Ulmer, G. (1905 a) Neue und wenig bekannte aussereuropaische Trichopteren, hauptsachlich aus dem Wiener Museum. Annalen des kaiserlich-koniglich naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, 20, 59 - 98.","Flint, O. S., Jr. (1966) Studies of Neotropical caddis flies, III: Types of some species described by Ulmer and Brauer. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 120, 1 - 20.","Botosaneanu, L. & Alkins-Koo, M. (1993) The caddis flies (Insecta: Trichoptera) of Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie, 63, 5 - 45."]}

Phylloicus blahniki, new species Figs. 28, 29 Phylloicus blahniki is distinguished by the modifications of abdominal segments III and IV of the male. Tergite III is flanged anterolaterally; tergite IV bears a truncate posterior process and the lateral sclerite is short and rounded apically. Only lateral coremata are present, and they consist of four lobes, three of them short and rounded, the posterior lobe slightly elongate (Fig. 28F). The few specimens on which this description is based were all teneral or rubbed, so the description of the wing pattern is incomplete. None of the male specimens had the phallic endotheca fully everted, so I am unable to describe the membranous lobes. Adult. Forewing length 11.7 mm, n = 8. Head golden brown. Maxillary palps golden brown. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax golden brown, anterolateral margins dark brown; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Femora golden brown; tibiae golden brown; tarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male without posterior fringe. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; chestnut brown; with longitudinal stripes; stripes pale tan. Hind wing basal brush present in male and female. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures present. Tergum III with anterolateral flanges and short posterolateral projections. Tergum IV with paired posterior processes and paired lateral sclerites, lateral coremata; posterior process truncate; lateral sclerite narrowed apically; lateral coremata with basal globose lobes. Tergum V without sclerotized modifications (Fig. 28F). Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin smoothly rounded; thinly sclerotized anteromesally (Fig. 28B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae absent, ventral pleural setae approximately 10 (Fig. 28A); sternum IX with faint mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 28C). Preanal appendage longer than tergum X, but less than 11/2 times length, of uniform diameter throughout length, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 28A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, acute, in dorsal view, notched, notch triangular; base of tergum X setose; tapered apically (Fig. 28A, B). Harpago slightly tapered; peglike setae few, apical (Fig. 28A, C). Phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoeshaped (Fig. 28D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 29C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 29B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 29A). Tergum X appendage longer than mesal lobe, base indistinct, apex rounded; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes long, at least twice diameter and often asymmetrical (Fig. 29B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 29A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite rounded anteriorly, posterolateral projections acute; posterior sclerite triangular (Fig. 29A). Holotype male: COSTA RICA: Puntarenas: Parque Nacional Corcovado, unnamed stream, Piedra el Arco, 08°34'55”N, 83°42'32"W, 20 m, 10.iv.1989, Holzenthal & Blahnik (UMSP). Paratypes: COSTA RICA: Puntarenas: Quebrada Pita, ca. 3 km (air) W Golfito, 08°38'31”N, 83°11'35"W, 15 m, 15.ii.1986, Holzenthal, Morse, & Fasth — 1 male (UMSP); Corcovado National Park, Osa Peninsula, 15­22.iii.1979, Janzen — 2 males (INBIO); Parque Nacional Corcovado, Rio Camaronal, 08°28'55”N, 83°35'20"E, 30 m, 13.iv.1989, Holzenthal & Blahnik — 1 female, 2 males (UMSP); PANAMA: Panama: Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, Snyder­Molino trail, marker 3, 28.ix.­4.x.1988, Wolda — 1 male (NMNH). Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama. Etymology. This species is named for Roger J. Blahnik, who collected the type specimen., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 35-36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235

Genus Phylloicus Müller Phylloicus Müller, 1880a:113, 131 [Type species: Phylloicus major Müller 1880a, subsequent selection of Flint 1964, not Fischer 1965]. — Müller 1880b:80­82 [adults, cases]. — Müller 1888:275 [larva]. — Ulmer 1905a:77, 1907:120 [adults]. — Lestage 1925: 42 [checklist, key]. — Betten 1934:236 [adults]. — Roldán Pérez 1988:146 [larva]. — Wiggins 1996:224 [larva]. — Flint et al. 1999a:16 [checklist]. Homoeoplectron Ulmer, 1905b:33 [Type species: Homoeoplectron assimile Ulmer 1905b, subsequent selection of Fischer 1965]. — Ulmer 1905a:77 [to synonymy]. Notiomyia Banks, 1905:18 [Type species: Heteroplectron mexicanum Banks 1900, original designation]. — Flint 1967:17 [to synonymy]. Murielia Hogue and Denning, 1983 (in Denning et al. 1983:187) [Type species: Phylloicus farri Flint 1968b, original designation]. — Flint et al. 1999b:73 [to synonymy]. Generic description, adult. Forewing length 7.0­18.5 mm. Antennae usually twice wing length or longer (in some very large species relative antennal length may be reduced); scape shorter than head length, but shape somewhat variable. Maxillary palps 5­segmented in both sexes; first, second, third and fifth segments 4­5 times longer than wide; fourth segment short, length no more than twice width. Labial palps 3­segmented. Head with anterior, anteromesal, posterior and posterolateral setal warts; central setal area bare or marked by patches of fine setae only; anterior setal warts small, with few stout setae; anteromesal setal warts prominent and single or paired. Posteromesal ridge present at posterodorsal margin of head (Fig. 2). Mesoscutum without distinct setal warts, with setae arranged in two anterior­posterior sublateral lines, each line one to several setae wide; in some species additional setae scattered between these lines. Anterior margin of mesoscutellum straight; without warts or prominent setae (Fig. 3). Tibial spur formula 2,4,4/2,4,3/2,4,2; metathoracic leg of males often with posterior fringe of long setae. Forewing color (membrane and setae) variable, overall color ranging from golden brown to black, with, in some species, patterns formed by white, orange, or yellow hairs and lighter pigmentation of membrane or by bare patches (Figs. 105­118). Forewing venation typical for family: forks I­V present, discoidal and medial cells closed; R 1 recurrent onto R 2 or free to wing margin; Cu 2 and A 1 free to wing margin (Figs. 4­8). Hind wing with forks II, III, and V present, discoidal and medial cells open (Fig. 5). Male. Posterior margin of tergum IV may be modified into sclerotized lateral or mesolateral processes; coremata may be present as membranous erectile evaginations of pleural or tergal intersegmental membrane. Anterior margin of tergal sclerites may be notched. In most species, pointed mesal process present on anterior margin of sternum VII. Sternum VIII may be modified, with notched or emarginate posterior process of posterior margin enclosing anterior portion of sternum IX. Tergum IX approximately equal in length to sternum IX; posterior margin of tergum variously modified by projections or processes. Sternum IX narrower mesally than laterally, internal ridges may be present mesally or mesolaterally; patch of stout setae present at posterolateral margin of pleural region. Preanal appendages of varying length and shape, bearing most setae on apical two­thirds. Tergum X may be fused to tergum IX or distinctly separated, often with digitate process arising basomesally, approximately equal in length to inferior appendages, posterior margin of X variously modified; lateral portions folded mesally to varying degree. Inferior appendages 2­segmented, not highly modified; coxopodite covered with stout setae, particularly on lateral and ventral surfaces; harpago cylindrical or tapered apically, bearing short, pointed, peglike setae on mesal and apicoventral surfaces; some short fine setae may be present basally on harpago; base of inferior appendages occupies 1/2 to 2/3 length of sternum IX. Phallobase a simple curved tube, curvature consistent throughout genus, except in P. fenestratus; with phallotremal sclerites of varying size and shape, at apex when endotheca everted; endotheca may consist of multiple membranous lobes with species­specific arrangement. Female. Anterior margin of tergal sclerites may be notched. In most species, pointed mesal process present on anterior margin of sternum VII. Sternum VIII more darkly sclerotized than anterior segments, anterior margin may be notched or with an anterior­posterior mesal ridge; posterior margin bearing many stout setae, mesal margin entire or cleft to base of segment; lateral margins indistinct beyond lateral apodemes extending from anterior margin. Tergum IX with anterior margin entire or notched posteriorly; mesally without clear junction with tergum X. Sternum IX with striated regions anterior and lateral to vaginal opening; between these regions there may be an invaginated sclerotized “pocket” or patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle. Tergum X bearing paired posterolateral appendages, varying in shape, length and degree of distinctness from tergite; these appendages bearing many stout setae apically; posteromesal portion of tergite membranous or semisclerotized; small, sclerotized digitate posterolateral processes may be present, although the completeness of their production varies from specimen to specimen and may not be bilaterally symmetrical within a specimen. Sternum X lateral and posterior to anal opening membranous except for bases of dorsal appendages; a few short fine setae may be present in this membranous area. Vaginal apparatus consisting of anterior and posterior sclerites; duct leading to spermatheca arises from within sclerotized pocket on ventral surface of anterior sclerite; duct leading to bursa copulatrix arises from anterior margin; posterior sclerite tapered posteriorly, connected to anterior sclerite by ventral mound of membranous tissue; posterior end of spermatheca may be sclerotized, forming a cone or ball. Remarks Although I have not done a phylogenetic analysis of Phylloicus, I have identified groups of species recognized by certain diagnostic characters, some of which are possible synapomorphies. These groups are not meant to be mistaken for monophyletic clades; my intent is only to simplify identification. The largest group (P. abdominalis, adamsae, angustior, auratus, bicarinatus, brevior, cressae, elegans, elektoros, ephippium, flinti, hansoni, holzenthali, lituratus, llaviuco, maculatus, major, monticolus, passulatus, paucartambo, perija, pirapo, quitacalzon, and spectabilis) are distinguished by the secondary withdrawal of sternum IX within sternum VIII, although in some cases (P. spectabilis, for example), sternum VIII lacks the posterior projection and the modification is detectable only as a tiny anterior projection of sternum IX. A group of six species of predominantly Antillean distribution have a tibial spur formula of 2,4,2, a long digitate basodorsal process of male tergum X, characteristic enlarged phallotremal sclerites; four of these species (P. cubanus, iridescens, pulchrus, and superbus) have bright orange forewing bands (Figs. 108, 111, 114, 115); P. chalybeus lacks forewing ornamentation, and P. amazonas has white bands. A group of generally Mesoamerican (with northern range limits in Arizona and Texas) species consists of P. aeneus, nigripennis, mexicanus and panamensis, which fold the forewings characteristically (as in Fig. 118) and have nearly identical male terminalia., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 12-14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Muller, F. (1880 a) [for 1878] Sobre as casas construidas pelas larvas de Insectos Trichopteros de provincia de Santa Catherina. Archivos do Museu nacional do Rio do Janeiro, III, 99 - 134, 210 - 215, 134 plates.","Flint, O. S., Jr. (1964) The caddisflies (Trichoptera) of Puerto Rico, Technical Paper, Vol. 40. University of Puerto Rico, Agricultural Experiment Station, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico, 80 pp.","Fischer, F. C. J. (1965) Calamoceratidae, Philorheithridae, Odontoceridae, Leptoceridae Pars 1, Trichopterorum Catalogus, Vol. 6. Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam, vi + 242 pp.","Muller, F. (1880 b) Uber die von den Trichopterenlarven der provinz Santa Catharina verfertigten Gehause. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftligen Zoologie, 35, 47 - 87.","Muller, F. (1888) Larven von Mucken und Haarfluglern mit abwechselnd thatigen Athemwerkzeugen. Entomologische Nachrichten, 14, 273 - 277.","Ulmer, G. (1905 a) Neue und wenig bekannte aussereuropaische Trichopteren, hauptsachlich aus dem Wiener Museum. Annalen des kaiserlich-koniglich naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, 20, 59 - 98.","Ulmer, G. (1907) Trichoptera, Wytsman, P. (Ed), Genera Insectorum, Vol. 60. L. Desmet Verteneuil [etc.], Bruxelles, 259 pp.","Lestage, J. A. (1925) Notes Trichopterologiques (7 me Note). Bulletin & Annales de la Societe entomologie de Belgique, 65, 35 - 44.","Betten, C. B. (1934) The caddis flies or Trichoptera of New York state, New York State Museum Bulletin, Vol. 292, 576 pp.","Roldan Perez, G. (1988) Guia para el Estudio de los Macroinvertebrados Acuaticos del Departamento de Antioquia. Universidad del Antioquia, Antioquia, xi + 217 pp.","Wiggins, G. B. (1996) Larvae of the North American caddisfly genera (Trichoptera), 2 nd edition. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 457 pp.","Flint, O. S., Jr., Holzenthal, R. W. & Harris, S. C. (1999 a) Catalog of the Neotropical caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera). Ohio Biological Survey, Special Publication, Columbus, Ohio, iv + 239 pp.","Ulmer, G. (1905 b) Zur Kenntnis aussereuropaischer Trichopteren (Neue Trichopteren des Hamburger und Stettiner Museums und des Zoologischen Instituts in Halle, nebst Beschreibungen einiger Typen Kolenati's und Burmeister's). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 66, 1 - 119.","Banks, N. (1905) Descriptions of new Nearctic neuropteroid insects. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 32, 1 - 20, 22 plates.","Banks, N. (1900) New genera and species of Nearctic neuropteroid insects. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 26, 239 - 259.","Flint, O. S., Jr. (1967) Studies of Neotropical caddis flies, V: Types of the species described by Banks and Hagen. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 123, 1 - 37.","Denning, D. G., Resh, V. H. & Hogue, C. L. (1983) New species of Phylloicus and a new Neotropical genus of Calamoceratidae (Trichoptera). Aquatic Insects, 5, 181 - 191.","Flint, O. S., Jr. (1968 b) The caddisflies of Jamaica (Trichoptera). Bulletin of the Institute of Jamaica, Science series, 19, 1 - 68.","Flint, O. S., Jr., Holzenthal, R. W. & Harris, S. C. (1999 b) Nomenclatural and systematic changes in the Neotropical caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera). Insecta Mundi, 13, 73 - 84."]}

Phylloicus spectabilis Martynov Fig. 99 Phylloicus spectabilis Martynov, 1912:9 [Type locality: Peru, Callanga; ASL; male]. This species is known only from the badly rubbed lectotype male and one paralectotype male, which is missing an abdomen. The modifications of the male abdomen are extremely elaborate in this species. It is similar to a number of other species, but is distinguished by the shape of the lateral sclerite of tergum IV, the arrangement and number of lobes of the coremata (Fig. 99F), and the shape of sternum VIII (Fig. 99C). The description of color features is based on the paralectotype. Adult. Forewing length 11.6 mm, n = 2. Head chestnut brown. Maxillary palps chestnut brown. Antenna chestnut brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax chestnut brown; ventrolateral thorax chestnut brown. Legs chestnut brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; chestnut brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band golden, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing; distal band golden, not reaching either wing margin, 1/2 width of wing or less; with two basal stripes, golden. Hind wing basal brush present in male, dark brown. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures present. Tergum III with sclerotized setose processes of posterior pleural membrane. Tergum IV with paired posterior processes and paired lateral sclerites, mesal coremata and lateral coremata; posterior process truncate; lateral sclerite spatulate, directed laterally; lateral coremata with basal globose lobes and long tubular posterior lobe; mesal coremata bilobed, setose, posterior lobe three times length of anterior lobe. Tergum V without sclerotized modifications (Fig. 99F). Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process absent and posterior of segment semimembranous (Fig. 99C). Tergum IX with paired mesal ridges extending length of segment; posterior margin continuous with basodorsal process of tergum X (Fig. 99B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 5, ventral pleural setae approximately 3 (Fig. 99A). Preanal appendage at least 11/2 times length of tergum X, widest apically, setae filamentous, longer than appendage (Fig. 99A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process long and digitate; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, rounded, in dorsal view, entire (Fig. 99A, B). Harpago rounded; peglike setae many, apical (Fig. 99A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes large and round; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 99D, E). Female. Unknown. Material examined. PERU: Cuzco: Callanga, Staudinger & Bang­Haas — lectotype male, 1 male paralectotype (ASL). Distribution. Peru., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 94-95, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Martynov, A. B. (1912) On two collections of Trichoptera from Peru. Annuaire de Musee Zoologique de l'Academie Imperial des Sciences de St. Petersbourg, 17, 1 - 40."]}

Phylloicus quitacalzon, new species Figs. 97, 98 Phylloicus quitacalzon is very similar to P. hansoni. It is distinguished by single­lobed mesal coremata, and the short truncate posterior process of tergum IV (Fig. 97F). Adult. Forewing length 10.7­12.2 mm, n = 26. Head chestnut brown. Maxillary palps dark brown. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax chestnut brown; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Legs golden brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae dark. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band ivory, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing; distal band ivory, beginning at anterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing; with two basal stripes, golden; golden setae marking wing­coupling setae proximally. Hind wing basal brush present in male. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures present. Tergum IV with paired posterior processes, mesal coremata and lateral coremata; posterior process short, rounded; lateral coremata with basal globose lobes and long tubular posterior lobe; mesal coremata single­lobed, without setae. Tergum V without sclerotized modifications (Fig. 97F). Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process notched, notch deep and round; with small sclerite in intersegmental membrane posterolateral to sternite (Fig. 97A, C). Tergum IX with paired mesal ridges extending 1/2 length of segment; posterior margin smoothly rounded (Fig. 97B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae approximately 8, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 97A). Preanal appendage longer than tergum X, but less than 11/2 times length, of uniform diameter throughout length, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 97A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process long and digitate; basolateral processes long, length at least twice diameter; apex, in lateral view, rounded, in dorsal view, notched, notch shallow (Fig. 97A, B). Harpago rounded; peglike setae many, apical (Fig. 97A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes large and round; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 97D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII with shallow posteromesal notch, or posterior margin entire; sternum VIII (Fig. 98C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin marked mesally by small patch of thin cuticle (Fig. 98B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 98A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base indistinct, apex oblique; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes marked only by slightly raised thin cuticle, or absent (Fig. 98B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 98A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite rounded anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite ovoid; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized ovoid (Fig. 98A). Holotype male: PERU: Madre de Dios: Toma del Agua, Amazonia Lodge, 12°52'13”S, 71°22'34"W, 415 m, 29.vi.1993, Blahnik & Pescador (MHNJP). Paratypes: PERU: Cuzco: Paucartambo to Pilcopata rd., Quebrada Quitacalzón at Puente Quitacalzón, 13°01'34”S, 71°29'58"W, 1050 m, 25­27.vi.1993, Blahnik & Pescador — 1 female, 1 male (MHNJP); — 2 females, 1 male (NMNH); — 1 female, 1 male (UMSP); Quincemil,. xi.1962, Peña G. — 1 female, 1 male (CNC); — 1 male (UMSP); Paucartambo, Paucartambo to Pilcopata rd., streamlet 50 m E Quinta Calzon, 1050 m, 26.vi.1993, Blahnik & Pescador — 1 male (MHNJP); — 2 males (NMNH); Quinta Calzon ca. 30 km NW Pilcopata, km 164, streamlet, 50 km E Quinta Calzon, 13°09'00”S, 71°22'00"W, 1030 m, 2.ix.1989, Adams — 1 male (NMNH); Huanuco: Tingo Maria, 672 m, 25­31.i.1980, Heppner — 1 female (NMNH); 1­6.ii.1980, Heppner — 4 females, 5 males (NMNH), Madre de Dios: Toma del Agua, Amazonia Lodge, 12°52'13”S, 71°22'34"W, 415 m, 29.vi.1993, Blahnik & Pescador — 1 male (NMNH). Distribution. Peru. Etymology. Named for the type locality., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 92-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235

Phylloicus monticolus Flint Figs. 72, 73 Phylloicus monticolus Flint, 1968a:74 [Type locality: Dominica, 1.6 miles west of Pont Casse; NMNH; male; female, larva, pupa, case]. — Botosaneanu 1994:51 [distribution]. This species is most similar to P. lituratus. It is distinguished by the short preanal appendages, the shape of tergum X, and the wing pattern. Flint (1968a, describing very fresh specimens) gives the color as “blue black marked with orange…forewings with two pale pinkish bands.” Adult. Forewing length 8.6­ 11 mm, n = 13. Head chestnut brown. Maxillary palps chestnut brown. Antenna twice forewing length; chestnut brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Prothorax golden brown; dorsal pterothorax chestnut brown; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Femora golden brown; foretibiae golden brown; mesotibiae dark brown; metatibiae dark brown; foretarsi golden brown; mesotarsi white; metatarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae dark. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; chestnut brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band pinkish white, not reaching either wing margin, 1/2 width of wing or less; distal band pinkish­white, not reaching either wing margin, 1/2 width of wing or less; with two basal stripes, ivory. Hind wing basal brush present in male, short and light brown. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process notched, notch deep and round (Fig. 72A, C). Tergum IX deeply notched anteriorly, margins of notch ridged; posterior margin smoothly rounded (Fig. 72B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 3, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 72A). Preanal appendage approximately length of tergum X, narrowly elliptic, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 72A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process short and digitate; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, truncate, in dorsal view, notched, notch shallow (Fig. 72A, B). Harpago short, rounded; peglike setae many, apical (Fig. 72A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes large and round; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 72D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII without anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 73C). Tergum IX with very short mesal ridge (Fig. 73B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 73A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base indistinct, apex oblique; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 73B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 73A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite triangular; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized ring (Fig. 73A). Material examined. DOMINICA: 0.5 mi. S of Pont Casse, 11.iv.1964, Flint — 1 female paratype (NMNH); 1.6 mi. W of Pont Casse, 24.iv.1964, Flint — 1 male paratype (CNC); 28.iv.1964, Flint — 1 female paratype (CNC); 2.v.1964, Flint — 1 female paratype (NMNH); 6.v.1964, Flint — 1 female paratype (NMNH); 7.v.1964, Flint — 1 female paratype (NMNH); 9.v.1964, Flint — holotype male (NMNH); — 1 male paratype (CNC); 17.v.1964, Flint — 1 male paratype (NMNH); 1/ 2 mi. W of Pont Casse, 22­24.vii.1963, Flint — 2 male, 1 female paratypes (NMNH); Pont Casse, 12­14.x.1964, Spangler — 1 male paratype (NMNH). Distribution. Dominica, Guadeloupe., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 74-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Flint, O. S., Jr. (1968 a) Bredin-Archbold-Smithsonian biological survey of Dominica: 9. The (Trichoptera) caddisflies of the Lesser Antilles. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 125, 1 - 86.","Botosaneanu, L. (1994) A study of the larvae of caddisflies (Trichoptera) from Cuba. Tropical Zoology, 7, 451 - 475."]}

Phylloicus fenestratus Flint Figs. 51, 52 Phylloicus fenestratus Flint, 1974b:139 [Type locality: Surinam, Nickerie River, Stondansi; RNH; male]; 1996:425 [distribution]. Phylloicus fenestratus is distinguished by the forewing pattern, which consists of a chestnut brown wing with narrow proximal and distal bands of white, a patch of white in the proximal half of cell Cu 2, and cells R 1, R, thyridial and 1 st M cells clear proximally. The male abdomen is distinguished by the absence of — coremata or tergal modifications, and tergum X is fusiform (Fig. 51A, B). The phallus is sharply curved basally, although the curvature varies in degree (Fig. 51D). Adult. Forewing length 7.3­9.2 mm, n = 53. Head chestnut brown, with dorsomesal crest of chestnut brown setae. Maxillary palps dark brown. Antenna twice forewing length; chestnut brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax chestnut brown; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Femora golden brown; foretibiae golden brown; mesotibiae dark brown; metatibiae dark brown; foretarsi golden brown; mesotarsi white; metatarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male without posterior fringe. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; chestnut brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band white, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing, narrow, less than 10 setae wide; distal band white, beginning at anterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing, narrow, less than 10 setae wide; with single basal stripe, white; proximal half of basal cells clear. Hind wing basal brush present in male and female, dark brown; female brush short. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX with mesal ridge extending full length of segment; posterior margin notched (Fig. 51B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae approximately 15, ventral pleural setae approximately 2 (Fig. 51A); sternum IX with paired mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 51C). Preanal appendage shorter than tergum X, but greater than 2/3 length, of uniform diameter throughout length, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 51A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, acute, in dorsal view, entire; covered with short setae basodorsally (Fig. 51A, B). Harpago slightly tapered; peglike setae tiny, mesal (Fig. 51A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired apicolateral lobes and paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes digitate, apicolateral lobes rounded and setose; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 51D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 52C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 52B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with deep sublateral invaginations (Fig. 52A). Tergum X appendage longer than mesal lobe, base distinct, apex rounded; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 52B). Sternum X with single pair of fine setae in membrane lateral to anal opening (Fig. 52A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite triangular; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized cone (Fig. 52A). Material examined. BRAZIL: Amazonas: Am. 010, km 246, 20 km W Itacoatiara, 12­15.vii.1979, Arias et al. — 1 male (NMNH); Hyutanahã, Rio Purus, 1.xii.1921, Klages — 1 male (CMNH); Manaus, 2.vii.1976, Serrano — 1 female (NMNH); Tefe, 26.xii., Parish — 1 male (MCZ); Manaus, Est. Aleixo, 18.v.1976, DeLome — 1 female (INPA); Itacoatiara, km 244, 19.i.1977, Penny — 1 male (INPA); Res. Ducke, 26 km E Manaus, 30.ix.1986, Luis — 3 males, 9 females (INPA); Paraíba: Olivedos, 9.ix., Parish — 1 adult (MCZ); Parana: Rio Xingu, camp ca. 60 km S Altamira, 1st jungle stream trail 1, 03°39'00”S, 52°22'00"W, 2­8.x.1986, Spangler & Flint — 3 males (NMNH); Rondonia: Cacaulândia, 140 m, 1.xi.1994, Becker — 1 male (NMNH); Roraima: Serra Pacaraima, 27.viii.1987, Rafael, Aquino, Vidal, & Binda — 4 males, 1 female (INPA); ECUADOR: Napo: Puerto Montufar, 27.iv.1976, Cohen — 1 female (NMNH); 28.iv.1976, Cohen — 3 males (NMNH); Pastaza: Cononaco, 29.v.1976, Cohen — 3 males (NMNH); — 1 male (UMSP); GUYANA: Warniabo Cr., Dubulay Ranch, 05°39'48”N, 57°53'24"E, 14­ 19.iv.1995, Flint — 1 male (NMNH); Bartica District, Kartabo, 10.iii.1924 — 1 female (AMNH); PERU: Loreto: Iquitos, 6.ii., Parish — 1 female (MCZ); Yurimaguas — 1 male (BMNH); 1.iv., Parish — 1 male (MCZ); Madre de Dios: Río Tambopata Res., 30 km (air) SW Pto. Maldonado, 12°50'00”S, 69°17'00"W, 290 m — 1 female (NMNH); Manu Biosphere Res., Pakitza Bio. Sta., 11°56'00”S, 71°18'00"W, 350 m, 4.x.1987, Pogue — 1 male (UMSP); trail 1, marker 8, 11°56'00”S, 71°18'00"W, 250 m, 11­13.ix.1989, Adams — 1 male (NMNH); trail 2, marker 18, 11°56'00”S, 71°18'00"W, 250 m, 12­23.ix.1989, Adams et al. — 1 male (NMNH); Quebrada Paujil­Picoflor, 11°56'39”S, 71°16'59"W, 350 m, 5.vii.1993, Blahnik & Pescador — 1 male (NMNH); SURINAME: Sipaliwini: Nickerie River, Blanche Marie, 12.ii.1971, Geijskes — 1 male paratype (NMNH); Nickerie River, Stondansi, 31.i.1971, Geijskes — holotype male (RNH); VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Cerro de la Neblina, Basecamp, 00°51'N 66°10'W, 140 m, 4­12.ii.1984, Davis & McCabe — 1 male (NMNH); 23­29.ii.1984, Davis & McCabe — 1 female (NMNH); 21­ 28.ii.1985, Spangler, Faitoute, & Steiner — 1 female (NMNH); 23.ii.1985, Spangler, Faitoute, & Steiner — 1 male (NMNH); Camp V, 00°49'00”N, 66°00'00"W, 1250 m, 23­ 24.iii.1984, Flint — 1 male (NMNH). Distribution. Brazil, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 53-55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Flint, O. S., Jr. (1974 b) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XV: The Trichoptera of Surinam. Studies on the Fauna of Suriname and other Guianas, 14, 1 - 151, plates 151 - 154."]}

Phylloicus ephippium, new species Figs. 47, 48 Phylloicus ephippium is distinguished by the wing pattern, which in dorsal view appears to have a saddle of dark brown across the middle of the wing, and segments IV and V of the male, which are highly modified (Fig. 47F), with a long, projecting lateral sclerite of tergum IV. Only mesal coremata are present; these are bifurcate and setose. Adult. Forewing length 12.1 mm, n = 6. Head golden brown, with dorsomesal crest of black setae. Maxillary palps dark brown. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax dark brown; ventrolateral thorax pale tan. Legs pale tan. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae pale. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; chestnut brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band golden, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing, an inverted V­shape; distal band tan, not reaching either wing margin, 1/2 width of wing or less; with two basal stripes, golden; "V" of proximal band encloses “S,addle” of dark brown setae on posterior margin; proximal half of cell Cu 2 clear. Hind wing basal brush present in male, dark brown. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures present. Tergum IV with paired lateral sclerites, mesal coremata; lateral sclerite contorted, setose apically; mesal coremata bilobed, mesal lobe setose, capable of inflation to 1/2 length segment V, lateral lobe very long, fully extended reaching to end of abdomen, covered with setae. Tergum V with pair of semi­elliptical ridges on posteromesal corners (Fig. 47F). Sternum VII without anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process truncate (Fig. 47A, C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin with round narrow mesal projection; with anterior ridge broken mesally; posterior margin with smooth rounded mesal projection (Fig. 47B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae approximately 8, ventral pleural setae approximately 5 (Fig. 47A). Preanal appendage approximately length of tergum X, of uniform diameter throughout length, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 47A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process long and digitate; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, rounded, in dorsal view, notched, notch triangular (Fig. 47A, B). Harpago rounded; peglike setae few, apical (Fig. 47A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes large and round; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 47D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII without anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII with shallow posteromesal notch; sternum VIII (Fig. 48C). Tergum IX with very short mesal ridge (Fig. 48B). Sternum IX anterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, posterior lobes smooth, without distinct area of thin cuticle or invagination (Fig. 48A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base marked by faint suture line, apex oblique; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes length approximately equal diameter (Fig. 48B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 48A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections acute; posterior sclerite triangular; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized expanded tube (Fig. 48A). Holotype male: ECUADOR: Tungurahua: 13 km E Baños, 1550 m, 15.ix.1990, Flint (NMNH). Paratypes: ECUADOR: Tungurahua: 13 km E Baños, 1550 m, 15.ix.1990, Flint — 1 female, 3 males (NMNH); 1 male (UMSP). Distribution. Ecuador. Etymology. Ephippium, from the Latin, meaning “Saddle,” referring to saddle pattern of the forewings., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 50-51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235

Phylloicus cubanus Banks Figs. 40­42, 108 Phylloicus cubanus Banks, 1924:445 [Type locality: Cuba; MCZ; male]. — Flint 1967:18 [male]. — Botosaneanu & Sykora 1973:399 [male, larva, pupa]. — Botosaneanu 1994:468 [larva]. This species is most similar to P. iridescens, pulchrus, and superbus, all of which have a similar pattern of orange bands across brown wings. Phylloicus cubanus and P. superbus are very similar (see discussion under P. superbus), with an apically expanded harpago (Fig. 41A, C), but P. cubanus is the smaller of the two species. Adult. Forewing length 7.7­9.9 mm, n = 28. Head golden brown. Maxillary palps dark brown, covered with dark brown setae. Antenna twice forewing length; chestnut brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax golden brown; ventrolateral thorax golden. Femora golden; foretibiae golden; mesotibiae golden; metatibiae dark brown; tarsi golden. Metathoracic leg of male without posterior fringe. Tibial spur formula 2,4,2. Forewing flat; dark brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band orange, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing, wide, at least 1/6 wing length; distal band orange, extending from anterior to posterior wing margins, wide, at least 1/6 wing length (Fig. 108). Hind wing basal brush absent. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX deeply notched anteriorly, margins of notch ridged; posterior margin continuous with basodorsal process of tergum X (Fig. 41B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 15, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 41A); sternum IX with paired mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 41C). Preanal appendage less than 2/3 length of tergum X, narrowly elliptic, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 41A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process long and digitate; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, acute, in dorsal view, notched, notch shallow; with paired short longitudinal ridges at mid­length (Fig. 41A, B). Harpago rounded; peglike setae many, apical (Fig. 41A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired apicolateral lobes and paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes tapered apically, apicolateral lobes large and rounded; phallotremal sclerites very large, longest dimension twice diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite two­armed, in lateral view U­shaped (Fig. 41D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 42C). Tergum IX with mesal ridge extending length of segment (Fig. 42B). Sternum IX anterior lobes smooth and indistinct, posterior lobes striate, with shallow pockets anterolateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 42A). Tergum X appendage length equal to mesal lobe, base distinct, apex rounded; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 42B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 42A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite rounded anteriorly, posterolateral projections acute; posterior sclerite ovoid; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized ring (Fig. 42A). Material examined. CUBA: 1864, Gundlach — holotype male (MCZ); Holguin: Pin. Mayari, 640 m, 1.vii.1990, Becker — 2 males, 3 females (NMNH); Oriente: Coast below Pico Turquino, 26.vi.1936, Darlington — 1 male (MCZ); Gran Piedra Range, 2000­3000 f m, 30­31.v.1936, Darlington — 3 males (MCZ), 1 female (MCZ); La Gran Piedra, 1.vi.1963 — 2 females (UMSP); Loma del Gato, Cobre Range, 3­7.vii.1936, Darlington — 6 males, 4 females (MCZ); Mountains N of Imias, 3000­4000 f m, 25­28.vii.1936, Darlington — 2 females (MCZ); Sancti Spíritus: Buenos Aires, L. Villas, 1.vi.1953, Zayas — 1 male (NMNH); Buenos Aires, Trinidad Mountains, 762­1067 m, 17­23.vi.1939, Parsons — 1 female (MCZ); Santiago de Cuba: Pico Turquino, S side, 3000­5000 f m, 1.vi.1936, Darlington — 4 males (MCZ). Distribution. Cuba., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 45-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Banks, N. (1924) Descriptions of new neuropteroid insects. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 65, 421 - 455.","Flint, O. S., Jr. (1967) Studies of Neotropical caddis flies, V: Types of the species described by Banks and Hagen. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 123, 1 - 37.","Botosaneanu, L. & Sykora, J. L. (1973) Sur quelques Trichopteres (Insecta: Trichoptera) de Cuba. In: Resultats des Expeditions Biospeologiques cubano-roumaines a Cuba, Vol. 1. Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste Romania, Bucharest, pp. 379 - 424.","Botosaneanu, L. (1994) A study of the larvae of caddisflies (Trichoptera) from Cuba. Tropical Zoology, 7, 451 - 475."]}

Phylloicus abdominalis (Ulmer) Figs. 4, 5, 9, 10, 117 Phylloicus abdominalis (Ulmer, 1905b:34) [Original type locality: “Are­as,” probably in Santa Catarina, Brazil; type destroyed; male; in Homoeoplectron]. — Ulmer 1913: 398 [distribution]. NEOTYPE: BRAZIL, Santa Catarina, Itajai, Müller, male, (MCZ; UMSP000067339) The type of P. abdominalis, stated by Ulmer to be deposited at Halle, was, according to the curator there, destroyed during or shortly after World War II. Ulmer’s description and illustration refer to a specimen from “Are­as.” This name is likely a variant spelling of “Areis,” which is a common place­name in Brazil. The specimen likely came to Ulmer from Müller, who collected in the state of Santa Catarina. The only other reference to this species is in Ulmer’s 1913 paper, where he mentions a male specimen in his collection from the province of Misiones, Argentina. I was not able to find this specimen in any of the European collections that received Ulmer’s personal collection; I have not seen anything from Argentina that is conspecific with P. abdominalis, and the specimen from Misiones is likely to have been P. pirapo, new species. Ulmer’s illustration of P. abdominalis is very poor, but does show modifications to abdominal tergum IV that include posterior processes and mesal coremata. His description clearly describes these structures. The description is sufficient to eliminate most known forms of Phylloicus, but several species still fit his description. The only specimen from Santa Catarina that fits this description was found among the paralectotypes of P. major, which lacks any abdominal modifications or coremata. The specimen with the abdominal structures also differs from the lectotype and the other male paralectotype of P. major in having a white spot on the forewing, marking the nygma. In addition to this male specimen, among the P. major paralectotypes are two females and a specimen lacking its abdomen, all with the white spot on the forewing. The specimen missing its abdomen is labeled “ Phylloicus abdominalis Ulmer ” in what appears to be Ulmer’s own handwriting. As P. abdominalis cannot be discriminated on the basis of Ulmer’s description alone, to ensure taxonomic stability I am designating a neotype here. Phylloicus abdominalis is distinguished by the following characteristics: a small patch of white setae on the forewing marks the location of the nygma; the mesal coremata are bifurcate, the more mesal lobe long and bare except for a small patch of setae basally, the lateral lobe short and setose; the lateral coremata are three­lobed, the dorsal­most lobe with spicules, anterior lobe short, and the posterior lobe long and cylindrical; the lateral sclerite of tergum IV is a simple, straight flattened process (Fig. 9F). Adult. Forewing length 10.9­13.7 mm, n = 26. Head golden brown, setal warts pale. Maxillary palps golden brown, covered with dark brown setae. Antennae twice forewing length; dark brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax golden brown; ventrolateral thorax golden. Femora golden; tibiae dark brown; foretarsi white proximally, dark distally; mesotarsi white proximally, dark distally; metatarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae dark. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band white, extending from anterior to posterior wing margin; distal band white, beginning at anterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing; with two basal stripes, golden; with small white spot marking nygma (Fig. 117). Hind wing basal brush present in male. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures present. Tergum IV with paired posterior processes and paired lateral sclerites, mesal coremata and lateral coremata; posterior process short, rounded; lateral sclerite narrowed apically; lateral coremata with basal globose lobes and long tubular posterior lobe; mesal coremata bilobed, mesal lobe setose basally, lateral lobe covered with setae. Tergum V without sclerotized modifications (Fig. 9F). Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process notched, notch deep and round or narrow and parallel­sided (Fig. 9A, C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin with round narrow mesal projection (Fig. 9B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 6, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 9A). Preanal appendage at least 11/2 times length of tergum X, widest apically, setae filamentous, longer than appendage (Fig. 9A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process short and digitate; basolateral processes of varying length and often asymmetrical, or absent; apex, in lateral view, rounded, in dorsal view, notched, notch shallow (Fig. 9A, B). Harpago short, rounded; peglike setae many, apical (Fig. 9A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes tapered apically; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 9D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII with shallow posteromesal notch, or posterior margin entire; sternum VIII (Fig. 10C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 10B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 10A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base indistinct, apex oblique; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes length approximately equal diameter (Fig. 10B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 10A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite ovoid; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized cone (Fig. 10A). Material examined. BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Ibitipoca, Sitio of Anestis Papadopolous, 21°43'14”S, 43°54'33"W, 1200 m, 23.x.2000, Paprocki — 1 female (UMSP); Parana: Rio Mãe Catira, 10 km N Porto de Cima, 25°21'49”S, 48°52'28"W, 200 m, 8­ 9.xii.1997, Holzenthal & Huisman — 1 male (UMSP); trib. to Rio Mãe Catira, 10.5 km. N Porto de Cima, 25°21'47”S, 48°52'35"W, 200 m, 10.xii.1997, Holzenthal & Huisman — 2 males (UMSP); Rio de Janeiro: Gua., Parque de Cidade, 11.viii.1964, Mather — 2 males (NMNH); km 54, 26 km E of Nova Friburgo, 410 m, 19.iv.1977, C & O Flint — 1 male (NMNH); 25.iv.1977, C & O Flint — 1 male (NMNH); Nova Friburgo, 800 m, 22.i.1993, Becker — 1 female (NMNH); Santa Catarina: Müller — 1 female (BMNH); Itajaí, 26°53'00”S, 48°39'00"W, Müller — neotype male, 2 females, 1 adult (MCZ); Sao Paulo: Estacion Biological Paranapiacaba, 17.i.1964, Froehlich — 2 males (NMNH); Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, Rio Galharada, 22°41'40”S, 45°27'47"W, 1530 m, 4­ 5.iii.1996, Holzenthal & Guahyba — 1 female (UMSP). Distribution. Argentina (but see discussion above), Brazil., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 15-17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Ulmer, G. (1905 b) Zur Kenntnis aussereuropaischer Trichopteren (Neue Trichopteren des Hamburger und Stettiner Museums und des Zoologischen Instituts in Halle, nebst Beschreibungen einiger Typen Kolenati's und Burmeister's). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 66, 1 - 119.","Ulmer, G. (1913) Verzeichnis der sudamerikanischen Trichopteren mit Bemerkungen uber einzelne Arten. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 4, 383 - 414."]}

Phylloicus passulatus, new species Figs. 84, 85 Phylloicus passulatus is easily distinguished by the morphology of abdominal segment IV. The long posterior processes of tergite IV, and the rugose, sclerotized lobe of the lateral corema are distinctive to this species. None of the male specimens had the phallic endotheca fully everted, so I am unable to describe the membranous lobes. Adult. Forewing length 10.7 mm, n = 3. Head dark brown, with golden setae. Maxillary palps dark brown. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Prothorax golden, with golden setae; dorsal pterothorax golden brown; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Femora golden brown; tibiae dark brown; tarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band ivory, not reaching either wing margin, 1/2 width of wing or less; distal band ivory, sparse; with two basal stripes, ivory. Hind wing basal brush present in male, dark brown. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures present. Tergum IV with paired posterior processes and paired lateral sclerites, mesal coremata and lateral coremata; posterior process truncate; lateral sclerite spatulate, directed laterally; lateral coremata with basal globose lobes and most dorsal lobe sclerotized; mesal coremata single­lobed, apparently not eversible, apically truncate. Tergum V without sclerotized modifications (Fig. 84F). Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process absent and posterior of segment semimembranous (Fig. 84A, C). Tergum IX with short mesal ridge extending from anterior notch; posterior margin obtuse (Fig. 84B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae approximately 10, ventral pleural setae approximately 3 (Fig. 84A). Preanal appendage shorter than tergum X, but greater than 2/3 length, of uniform diameter throughout length, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 84A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process short and digitate; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, acute, in dorsal view, notched, notch shallow (Fig. 84A, B). Harpago rounded; peglike setae tiny, mesal (Fig. 84A, C). Phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 84D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII with shallow posteromesal notch; sternum VIII (Fig. 85C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 85B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, punctate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle laterally (Fig. 85A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base indistinct, apex oblique; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 85B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 85A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections rounded; posterior sclerite ovoid (Fig. 85A). Holotype male: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Puerto Ayacucho (40 km S) El Tobogán, Caño Coromoto, 24.i.1989, Spangler, Faitoute, & Barr (NMNH). Paratypes: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Puerto Ayacucho (40 km S) El Tobogán, Caño Coromoto, 24.i.1989, Spangler, Faitoute, & Barr — 1 female (NMNH); Cerro de la Neblina, Agua Blanca, 00°49'00”N, 66°08'00"W, 160 m, 20­21.iii.1984, Flint & Louton — 1 male (IZAM); — 1 male (NMNH). Distribution. Venezuela Etymology. Passulatus, from the Latin passula, “raisin,” and latus “carry or bear,” for the sclerotized lobe of the coremata, which resembles a raisin., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 83-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235

Phylloicus lituratus Banks Figs. 61, 62 Phylloicus lituratus Banks, 1920:350 [Type locality: Colombia, Mariquito; MCZ; male]. — Flint 1967:19 [male]. — Denning et al. 1983:182 [redescription]. Phylloicus “species 1" Flint, 1991:98. Phylloicus priapulus Denning and Hogue, 1983 in Denning et al. 1983:187 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas Province, 1.8 miles west of Rincón, Osa Peninsula; LACM; male]. NEW SYNONYM. This species exhibits a range of minor variation across its distribution and within populations. This variation may indicate the presence of more than one species, but although I have examined many specimens from a broad geographic area, I am unable to find consistent linkage of variation among characters and therefore am treating this as a single species. The types of P. lituratus and priapulus represent the extremes of morphology for tergum X and its processes, but intermediate morphologies are easily found within series. For this reason, I am synonymizing these two species. Phylloicus lituratus is distinguished by the wing pattern (as in Fig. 109), the lack of abdominal coremata, and preanal appendages longer than tergum X (Fig. 61A, B). A few specimens appear to be hybrids, probably with P. elegans. The wing pattern is identical to both P. elegans and lituratus; male terminalia are consistent with other P. lituratus specimens, but there is a tiny eversible membranous lobe in the IVth abdominal pleuron. The elaborate modifications of the P. elegans IVth abdominal segment are absent, however. Within a given series of specimens, the presence of this lobe is inconsistent, and for this reason I believe these specimens may represent a spatial or temporal hybrid zone. As discussed under P. elegans, the females of P. elegans and P. lituratus are indistinguishable, and therefore all determinations are tentative. Adult. Forewing length 10.4­12.1 mm, n = 95. Head chestnut brown. Maxillary palps dark brown. Antenna twice forewing length; chestnut brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax chestnut brown; ventrolateral thorax golden. Femora golden; foretibiae dark brown; mesotibiae dark brown; metatibiae dark brown; foretarsi dark brown; mesotarsi white proximally, dark distally; metatarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae dark. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band ivory, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing, an inverted V­shape; distal band ivory, beginning at anterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing; with two basal stripes, ivory. Hind wing basal brush present in male, light brown. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process notched, notch deep and round (Fig. 61A, C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin with round narrow mesal projection (Fig. 61B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 3, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 61A). Preanal appendage longer than tergum X, but less than 11/2 times length, widest apically, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 61A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process short and digitate; basolateral processes of varying length and often asymmetrical; apex, in lateral view, truncate, in dorsal view, entire or notched, notch shallow and round (Fig. 61A, B). Harpago rounded; peglike setae many, apical (Fig. 61A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired apicolateral lobes, apicolateral lobes large and rounded; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 61D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII with shallow posteromesal notch, or posterior margin entire; sternum VIII (Fig. 62C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 62B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 62A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base marked by faint suture line, apex rounded; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes length approximately equal diameter and often asymmetrical (Fig. 62B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 62A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite triangular; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized ovoid (Fig. 62A). Material examined. COLOMBIA: Santa Marta, 19 xii., Williamson — 1 male (MCZ); Antioquia: Mun. El Retiro, Quebrada La Cebolla, trap A, 2150 m, 21.v.1983, Matthias — 1 male (NMNH); Boyacá: Muzo, 900 m, 1936, Bequaert — 1 female (MCZ); Tolima: Mariquita, 5.ii., Williamson — P. lituratus holotype male (MCZ); COSTA RICA: Alajuela: 20 km S Upala, 8­10.v.1990, Parker — 1 male (EMUS); 1.vii.1990, Parker — 1 male (EMUS); 7.ii.1991, Parker — 1 male (EMUS); 11­20.viii.1991, Parker — 2 males (EMUS); 1­10.ix.1991, Parker — 1 male, 1 female (EMUS); Río Pizote, ca. 5 km (air) S Brasilia, 10°58'19”N, 85°20'42"W, 390 m, 9.iii.1986, Holzenthal & Fasth — 1 male (UMSP); 12.iii.1986, Holzenthal & Fasth — 6 males, 1 female (UMSP); unnamed river, Cerro Campana ca. 6 km (air) NW Dos Rios, 10°54'00”N, 85°24'00"W, 640 m, 22­ 23.vii.1987, Holzenthal, Morse, & Clausen — 3 males, 1 female (UMSP); Reserva Forestal San Ramón, Río San Lorencito & tribs., 10°12'58”N, 84°36'25"W, 980 m, 1­ 4.v.1990, Holzenthal & Blahnik — 1 female (UMSP); 6­10.iii.1991, Holzenthal, Muñoz, & Huisman — 2 males (UMSP); Guanacaste: Finca Montezuma, 3 km SE R. Naranjo, 1­ 5.vi.1992, Parker — 1 male (EMUS); 3.vi.1992, Parker — 1 male (EMUS); Río Liberia, Liberia, 11.i.1910, Calvert — 1 female (MCZ); Río Los Ahogados, Río Los Ahogados, 11.3 km ENE Quebrada Grande, 10°51'54”N, 85°25'23"W, 470 m, 7.iii.1986, Holzenthal & Fasth — 2 males, 3 females (UMSP); Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Quebrada Alcornoque, El Hacha, 11°00'32”N, 85°34'37"W, 250 m, 26.vii.1987, Holzenthal, Morse, & Clausen — 1 male, 1 female (UMSP); Quebrada Pedregal, El Hacha, 10°58'59”N, 85°32'20"W, 300 m, 5.ii.1988, Strand — 1 male, 1 female (UMSP); Parque Nacional Rincón de la Vieja, Río Negro, 10°45'54”N, 85°18'47"W, 810 m, 3.iii.1986, Holzenthal & Fasth — 1 male (UMSP); Límon: Limon, 16 km W Guapiles, 400 m, 1.ii.­1.iii.1989, Hanson — 1 male (UMSP); Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Quebrada González, 10°09'36”N, 83°56'20"W, 480 m, 12­14.v.1990, Holzenthal & Blahnik — 1 male (INBIO); — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); 1 male (UMSP); Puntarenas: 1.8 mi. W Rincón, 1.ii.1971, Donahue & Hogue — P. priapulus holotype male (LACM); Corcovado National Park, Osa Peninsula, 5­9.v.1978, Janzen — 1 male (INBIO); Parque Nacional Corcovado, unnamed stream, Piedra el Arco, 08°34'55”N, 83°42'32"W, 20 m, 10.iv.1989, Holzenthal & Blahnik — 1 male (INBIO); ECUADOR: Napo: Puerto Orellana, Río Tiputini, 38°02'00”N, 76°08'54"W, 12­26.viii.1999, Mathis — 4 males, 2 females (NMNH); Pastaza: Tzapino, 01°19'00”S, 77°28'00"W, 1200 m, 25.v.1976, Figueroa — 1 male (NMNH); Pichincha: Río Palenque Biological Station, Río Palenque, Santo Domingo (47 km), 229 m, 29.vii.1976, Cohen — 6 males (NMNH); NICARAGUA: Río San Juan: Refugio Bartola, 1.5 km N. of station, Río Bartola, 10°58'00”N, 84°21'00"W, 40 m, 8.viii.2000, Chamorro & Dobbins — 1 male (UMSP); Zelaya: Río Las Latas, 14°04'00”N, 88°33'00"W, 220 m, 2.vi.1998, Maes & Hernández — 4 males (UMSP); PANAMA: Chiriquí: 08°55'00”N, 82°16'00"W, 1050 m, Staudinger — 1 male (ZMHU); Coclé: Taboga, Taboga Island, 1.ii.1912, Busck — 1 male (NMNH); Colón: Canal Zone, Navy Res., Río Agua Salud, 30.iii.1965, S & W Duckworth — 1 male (NMNH); Darién: Río Tuir at Río Pucuro, 16­ 17.ii.1985, Louton — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); Panama: Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, 8.ii.1967, Akre — 4 males (CAS); 12.iii.1967, Irwin — 5 males, 1 female (UMSP); 24­25.ii.1969, Akre — 3 males (CAS); 31.iii.1979, Silberglied & Aiello — 1 male (NMNH); Snyder­Molino trail, marker 3, 23­29.xii.1987, Wolda — 1 male (NMNH); 23­ 29.xi.1988, Wolda — 1 male (NMNH); 24­31.v.1989, Wolda — 1 male (NMNH); 13.xii.1989 ­ 13.ii 1990, Wolda — 1 male (UMSP); San Blas: Río Carti Grande, 2 km W Nusagandi, 5.iii.1985, Flint & Louton — 1 male (NMNH); VENEZUELA: Zulia: Perijá El Tucuco, Mission El Tucuco, Río del Pelaya, 2­1/ 2 km from church, 28­30.ix.1979, Savage — 1 male, 3 females (NMNH); Parque Nacional Perijá, Río Negro in Toromo, 10°03'04”N, 72°42'43"W, 360 m, 15.i.1994, Holzenthal, Cressa, & Rincón — 1 male (UMSP). Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama, Venezuela, Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 62-65, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Banks, N. (1920) New neuropteroid insects. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 64, 299 - 362.","Flint, O. S., Jr. (1967) Studies of Neotropical caddis flies, V: Types of the species described by Banks and Hagen. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 123, 1 - 37.","Denning, D. G., Resh, V. H. & Hogue, C. L. (1983) New species of Phylloicus and a new Neotropical genus of Calamoceratidae (Trichoptera). Aquatic Insects, 5, 181 - 191.","Flint, O. S., Jr. (1991) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XLV: The taxonomy, phenology, and faunistics of the Trichoptera of Antioquia, Colombia, Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, Vol. 520. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., 113 pp."]}

Phylloicus obliquus Navás Figs. 78, 79 Phylloicus obliquus Navás, 1931:458 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais; DEI, female]. Phylloicus obliquus is very similar to P. bidigitatus and plaumanni (see discussion under bidigitatus), but differs in the wing pattern and the shape of male tergum X (Fig. 78A, B). Adult. Forewing length 8.9­9.7 mm, n = 4. Head golden brown, with dorsomesal crest of black setae. Maxillary palps golden, covered with dark brown setae. Antenna twice forewing length; chestnut brown. Dorsal pterothorax chestnut brown; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Femora golden brown; foretibiae golden brown; mesotibiae dark brown; metatibiae dark brown; foretarsi golden brown; mesotarsi golden brown; metatarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male without posterior fringe. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band white, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing; distal band white, not reaching either wing margin, 1/2 width of wing or less; with single basal stripe, ivory. Hind wing basal brush absent. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX with short mesal ridge extending from anterior notch; posterior margin not distinct from base of tergum X (Fig. 78B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae approximately 10, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 78A); sternum IX with paired mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 78C). Preanal appendage shorter than tergum X, but greater than 2/3 length, narrowly elliptic, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 78A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, rounded, in dorsal view, notched, notch deep and round; dorsal surface covered with short setae (Fig. 78A, B). Harpago sharply tapered; peglike setae few, apical (Fig. 78A, C). Phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 78D). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga without anteromesal notches. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 79C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 79B). Sternum IX anterior lobes smooth and indistinct, posterior lobes striate, without distinct area of thin cuticle or invagination (Fig. 79A). Tergum X appendage longer than mesal lobe, base indistinct, apex triangular; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes length approximately equal diameter and often asymmetrical (Fig. 79B). Sternum X without setae in membrane (Fig. 79A). Vaginal apparatus posterior sclerite elongate; anterior sclerite tapered anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite triangular; posterior end of spermatheca a tiny sclerotized sphere (Fig. 79A). Material examined. BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: 1.v.1924, Le Moult — holotype female (DEI); Rio de Janeiro: Parque Nac. Tijuca, Jacarepaguá, Floresta da Tijuca, Represa dos Ciganos, 400 m, 7.iv.1977, C & O Flint — 1 female (NMNH); Santa Catarina: Parque Ecológica Spitzkopf, confl. Rio Ouro & Rio Caeté, 27°00'21”S, 49°06'42"W, 140 m, 3.iii.1998, Holzenthal, Froehlich, & Paprocki — 1 female (UMSP); Rio Caeté above 1st falls, 27°00'21”S, 49°06'42"W, 170 m, 4.iii.1998, Holzenthal, Froehlich, & Paprocki — 1 male, 1 female (UMSP). Distribution. Brazil., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 79-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Navas, R. P. L. (1931) Insectos del Brasil, 4 a Serie. Revista do Museu Paulista, 17, 455 - 458."]}

Phylloicus spinulacolis, new species Figs. 100, 101 This species is known only from two specimens, collected in copula as tenerals, and somewhat battered. Thus, details of coloration are unavailable. Phylloicus spinulacolis is small and black, and the male is remarkable for, and easily distinguished by, the prominent spine­like setae on the ventrolateral lobes of the phallic endotheca (Fig. 100D, E). Adult. Forewing length 9 mm, n = 2. Head black. Maxillary palps golden brown, covered with dark brown setae. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown. Dorsal pterothorax black; ventrolateral thorax dark brown. Legs dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae. Tibial spur formula 2,4,2. Forewing flat; dark brown, or black; without colored markings. Hind wing basal brush absent. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga without anteromesal notches. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin smoothly rounded (Fig. 100A, B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae approximately 10, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig.100A); sternum IX with paired mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 100C). Preanal appendage less than 2/3 length of tergum X, widest near base, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 100A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes of varying length and often asymmetrical; apex, in lateral view, rounded, in dorsal view, notched, notch deep and triangular; setose dorsally (Fig. 100A, B). Harpago large, rounded; peglike setae many, apical (Fig. 100A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired apicolateral lobes and paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes large and round and bearing spine­like setae, apicolateral lobes large and rounded; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 100D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga without anteromesal notches. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 101C). Tergum IX with mesal ridge extending length of segment; posterior margin marked mesally by acute ridge (Fig. 101B). Sternum IX anterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, posterior lobes smooth, punctate, without distinct area of thin cuticle or invagination (Fig. 101A). Tergum X appendage length equal to mesal lobe, base distinct, apex rounded; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes very short, length less than diameter and often asymmetrical (Fig. 101B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 101A). Vaginal apparatus anterior sclerite elongate; anterior sclerite emarginate anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite triangular; posterior end of spermatheca membranous (Fig. 101A). Holotype male: VENEZUELA: Falcón: Río Ricoa near Dos Bocas, 11°17'19”N, 69°26'04"W, 157 m, 8.vi.2001, Holzenthal, Blahnik, Paprocki, & Cressa (UMSP). Paratype: VENEZUELA: Falcón: Río Ricoa near Dos Bocas, 11°17'19”N, 69°26'04"W, 157 m, 8.vi.2001, Holzenthal, Blahnik, Paprocki, & Cressa — 1 female (UMSP). Distribution. Venezuela. Etymology. Spinulacolis, from the Latin spinula, “S,mall spine” and colis, “penis,” for the small spines on the phallic endotheca., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 95-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235

Phylloicus paprockii, new species Figs. 82, 83, 112 This species is similar to P. amazonas, fenestratus, and obliquus. Phylloicus paprockii is distinguished by forewing color and pattern (Fig. 112), the deep rounded notch of tergum X (Fig. 82B), the shape of the harpago, which is sharply tapered (Fig. 82A, B), and the morphology of the phallic endotheca and phallotremal sclerites (Fig. 82D, E). Adult. Forewing length 10.1­11.4 mm, n = 3. Head chestnut brown. Maxillary palps dark brown, covered with golden setae. Antenna twice forewing length; chestnut brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax chestnut brown, lateral margins dark; ventrolateral thorax golden. Femora golden; foretibiae golden; mesotibiae golden; metatibiae dark brown; foretarsi golden; mesotarsi golden; metatarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male without posterior fringe. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band ivory, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing; distal band ivory, not reaching either wing margin, 1/2 width of wing or less, oval; with single basal stripe, white; basal cells clear (Fig. 112). Hind wing basal brush present in female. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX with short mesal ridge extending from anterior notch; posterior margin smoothly rounded (Fig. 82B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 10, ventral pleural setae approximately 8 (Fig. 82A); sternum IX without mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 82C). Preanal appendage approximately length of tergum X, of uniform diameter throughout length, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 82A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, acute, in dorsal view, notched, notch deep and round; with short, rounded setose basolateral paired projections (Fig. 82A, B). Harpago long, curving mesally and tapering apically; peglike setae many, mesoventral (Fig. 82A, C). Phallic endotheca with single long apical lobe and paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes large and round and with digitate apical lobe; phallotremal sclerites very large, longest dimension twice diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite two­armed, in lateral view U­shaped (Fig. 82D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 83C). Tergum IX with very short mesal ridge (Fig. 83B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, punctate, with shallow pockets anterolateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 83A). Tergum X appendage longer than mesal lobe, base marked by faint suture line, apex triangular; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 83B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 83A). Vaginal apparatus posterior sclerite elongate; anterior sclerite rounded anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite ovoid; posterior end of spermatheca a tiny sclerotized sphere (Fig. 83A). Holotype male: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Aldeia de Cachoeira das Pedras, 20°06'49”S, 44°01'25"W, 925 m, 9.x.2000, Paprocki & Isaac (MZUSP). Paratypes: BRAZIL: Bahia: Camacá, 400­700 m, 21 Sep­ 30.ix.1991, Becker — 1 male (NMNH); Minas Gerais: Aldeia de Cachoeira das Pedras, 20°06'49”S, 44°01'25"W, 925 m, 9.x.2000, Paprocki & Isaac — 1 female (UMSP). Distribution. Brazil. Etymology. It is with great pleasure that I name this species for Henrique Paprocki, who collected the type specimen on his family’s land in Minas Gerais., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 82-83, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235

Phylloicus llaviuco, new species Fig. 63 This species is known only from a single male, with broken antennae and wings badly rubbed. Thus, wing ornamentation and antennal length are incompletely known. The phallic endotheca is not fully everted, so I am unable to describe the membranous lobes. This species is similar in size and wing coloration to P. magnus; however, the male genitalia are distinctly different. Phylloicus llaviuco is distinguished by the long digitate basodorsal process of tergum X, and the absence of abdominal coremata. Adult. Forewing length 16.2 mm, n = 1. Head chestnut brown, with dorsomesal crest of dark brown setae. Maxillary palps golden brown, covered with dark brown setae. Antenna dark brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax chestnut brown; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Legs golden brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae pale. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown; with color patches; with golden setae at chord, in patch distal to crossvein Cu, and marking vein A 3; with small golden spots marking nygma and thyridium. Hind wing basal brush present in male, dark brown. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII without anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX, or similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate; posteromesal process absent and posterior of segment semimembranous (Fig. 63A, C). Tergum IX with mesal ridge extending full length of segment; posterior margin with round narrow mesal projection (Fig. 63B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae absent, ventral pleural setae approximately 15 (Fig. 63A); sternum IX (Fig. 63C). Preanal appendage shorter than tergum X, but greater than 2/3 length, widest near base, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 63A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process long and digitate; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, truncate, in dorsal view, entire (Fig. 63A, B). Harpago rounded; peglike setae few, apical (Fig. 63A, C). Phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 63D, E). Female. Unknown. Holotype male: ECUADOR: Azuay: Río Llaviuco, 16 km W Quenca, 3010 m, 18.ix.1990, Flint (NMNH). Distribution. Ecuador. Etymology. Named for the Río Llaviuco, where this species was collected., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 65-66, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235

Phylloicus nigripennis (Banks) Figs. 76, 77 Phylloicus nigripennis (Banks, 1900:256) [Type locality: Mexico, Puebla, Santa Maria; MCZ; female; in Heteroplectron]. — Flint 1967:17 [illustration of male, as synonym of aeneus]. latus (Navás, 1924:83) [Type locality: Costa Rica; MNHNP; male; as Macronema latum]. — Holzenthal 1988:53, 71 [as synonym of aeneus]. NEW SYNONYM sagittosa (Ross, 1951:72) [Type locality: Mexico, Lower California, Todos Santos; CAS; male; in Notiomyia]. — Flint 1967:17 [as synonym of aeneus]. NEW SYNONYM Although Banks described Heteroplectron nigripennis from a female type, a male apparently from the same series, collected in Puebla, Mexico, exists. Both these specimens are in good condition, and have very dark, uniformly colored wings. Tergum VIII of the female type is bare of setal tufts. Although the male terminalia of P. aeneus and P. nigripennis are very similar, coremata are not present in P. nigripennis. As in P. aeneus, the apical third of the P. nigripennis forewing folds obliquely toward the midline (as in Fig. 2). The head and thorax of these specimens is orange and the abdomen is black. In males of P. nigripennis abdominal tergites II and III have a distinctive papillate surface, which is absent in the other species. Based on these differences, I am resurrecting nigripennis from synonymy with aeneus. The holotypes of Macronema latum and Notiomyia sagittosa are males, the former from Costa Rica; the latter from Baja California. The wings of both are quite faded, but in size, body coloration, and abdominal morphology, they are consistent with the males of P. nigripennis. I have examined many additional specimens from Costa Rica and am confident that those populations are conspecific with P. nigripennis populations in central/eastern Mexico. However, the only specimens from Baja I have been able to examine are the type and paratypes of Notiomyia sagittosa, all of which are badly faded. Because color cannot be accurately assessed, and because of the seemingly disjunct distribution, I am less confident that these are conspecific with P. nigripennis. Nonetheless, in the specimens available to me, there are no characters other than distribution with which to discriminate a Baja species. The male illustrated is a specimen from the MCZ, with collection labels identical to those on the female type of P. nigripennis. Adult. Forewing length 8.2­ 10 mm, n = 66. Head orange. Maxillary palps dark brown or black. Antenna twice forewing length; black, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere, with longer setae proximally. Prothorax orange; dorsal pterothorax orange; ventrolateral thorax dark brown, or black. Legs dark brown, or black. Metathoracic leg of male without posterior fringe. Tibial spur formula 2,4,3. Forewing apical third folded obliquely toward midline; dark brown, or black; without colored markings. Hind wing basal brush present in male. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Terga II and III with papillate sculpturing of surface. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin with irregular mesal projection; dorsal surface covered with fine pilosity (Fig. 76B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 10, ventral pleural setae approximately 5 (Fig. 76A); sternum IX with paired mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 76C). Preanal appendage shorter than tergum X, but greater than 2/3 length, narrowly elliptic, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 76A, B). Tergum X sagittate basally; basodorsal process broad and setose; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, acute, in dorsal view, notched, notch triangular; with paired setose lateral processes (Fig. 76A, B). Harpago slightly tapered; peglike setae few, apical (Fig. 76A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes digitate; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 76D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 77C). Tergum IX with very short mesal ridge (Fig. 77B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with deep sublateral invaginations (Fig. 77A). Tergum X appendage longer than mesal lobe, base marked by faint suture line, apex triangular; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 77B). Sternum X without setae in membrane (Fig. 77A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections acute; posterior sclerite ovoid; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized sphere with posteroventral notch (Fig. 77A). Material examined. COSTA RICA: 1920, Serre — P. latus holotype male (MNHNP); Cartago: Paraiso, 1.xi.1965, Krauss — 2 males (NMNH); Río Aquiares, Turrialba, 20.vi.1967, Flint & Ortiz — 2 males (UMSP); Reserva Tapantí, Río Grande de Orosí, 09°41'10”N, 83°45'22"W, 1650 m, 23­25.vi.1967, Flint & Ortiz — 2 males (NMNH); Límon: Río General, Pacuare, 1.vii.1967, Flint & Ortiz — 2 males (NMNH); San José: Paso Ancho de San Sebastian, 25.x.1936, Ballou — 2 males (NMNH); Pedregoso, 640 m, 21.ii., Rounds — 1 male (MCZ); San José, Alfaro — 2 males (MCZ); GUATEMALA: Jutiapa: San Jerónimo, 1879­1881, Champion — 4 males (BMNH); HONDURAS: Minas de Oro, Comayagua, 2.vi., Edwards — 1 female (MCZ); Tegucigalpa, 28.vii.1918, Dyer — 1 male (MCZ); MEXICO: 3048 m, Sallé — 1 male (CNC); — 1 male (NRS); Deppe — 2 males, 1 female (ZMHU); 1871, Bilimek — 4 males (NMW); Baja California Sur: Todos Santos, 10.xi.1941, Ross & Bohart — P. sagittossa holotype male, 2 male paratypes (CAS); Chiapas: Teopisca, 9.vii.1966, Flint & Ortiz — 2 males (NMNH); Jalisco: Guadalajara, 22.vii.1903, Banks — 1 male (MCZ); Michoacán: Presa Couitzio, Morelia, 30.v.1963, Pacheco — 1 male, 2 females (UMSP); San Lorenzo, Rt. 15, km 206, 14­15.vii.1966, Flint & Ortiz — 2 males, 1 female (NMNH); Mórelos: Balnearia Las Estacas, 28.iv.1963, Pacheco — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); Cuernavaca, 1871, Bilimek — 1 male (NMW); nr. Xochitepec, Rt. 95, km 91, 1.viii.1965, Flint — 1 male (CNC); — 1 male, 3 females (NMNH); Puebla: 1911, Gineste — 1 female (MNHNP); Santa Maria, Banks — 1 male, P. nigripennis holotype female (MCZ); Sonora: Nogales, Arroyo Canaveral, 15.vii.1955, Malkin — 1 male (CAS); Veracruz: Dos Rios, Rt. 140, km 347, 1.viii.1966, Flint & Ortiz — 2 males (CNC); — 2 males (NMNH); nr. El Encero, Rt. 140, km 347, 22.vii.1965, Flint & Ortiz — 5 males, 1 female (NMNH); — 1 male, 1 female (UMSP); NICARAGUA: Matagalpa: Selva Negra, 2.v.1993, Novelo & Maes — 1 male (NMNH). Distribution. Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 77-79, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Banks, N. (1900) New genera and species of Nearctic neuropteroid insects. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 26, 239 - 259.","Flint, O. S., Jr. (1967) Studies of Neotropical caddis flies, V: Types of the species described by Banks and Hagen. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 123, 1 - 37.","Navas, R. P. L. (1924) Insectos de la America Central. Broteria, Serie Zoologica, 21, 55 - 86.","Holzenthal, R. W. (1988) Catalogo Sistematico de los Tricopteros de Costa Rica (Insecta: Trichoptera). Brenesia, 29, 51 - 82.","Ross, H. H. (1951) The Trichoptera of Lower California. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 27, 65 - 76."]}

Phylloicus perija, new species Figs. 88, 89 Phylloicus perija is most similar to P. abdominalis and P. pirapo. However, it differs in the contorted shape of the tergum IV lateral sclerite, and the setose posterior process of tergum V (Fig. 88F) and in the forewing pattern. The forewing lacks the white spot on the nygma, and the wing bands are golden rather than white or ivory. Adult. Forewing length 10.1­12.8 mm, n = 24. Head chestnut brown. Maxillary palps chestnut brown. Antenna twice forewing length; chestnut brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax golden brown; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Legs golden brown. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; chestnut brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band golden, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing; distal band golden, beginning at anterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing; with two basal stripes, golden; small patch of golden setae at proximal end of wing coupling hairs. Hind wing basal brush present in male and female. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures present. Tergum III with anterolateral flanges. Tergum IV with paired posterior processes and paired lateral sclerites, mesal coremata and lateral coremata; posterior process truncate; lateral sclerite contorted, setose apically; lateral coremata with basal globose lobes and long tubular posterior lobe; mesal coremata bilobed, without setae, capable of inflation greater than length of segment V. Tergum V emarginate posteriorly, with setose posterior processes (Fig. 88F). Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process notched (Fig. 88A, C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin obtuse; thinly sclerotized anteromesally, muriculate (Fig. 88B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 8, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 88B). Preanal appendage longer than tergum X, but less than 11/ 2 times length, widest apically, setae filamentous, longer than appendage (Fig. 88A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process short and digitate; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, rounded, in dorsal view, entire or notched, notch shallow (Fig. 88A, B). Harpago rounded; peglike setae few, apical (Fig. 88A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes large and round; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 88D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII posterior margin entire; sternum VIII (Fig. 89C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 89B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 89A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base indistinct, apex oblique; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes length approximately equal diameter (Fig. 89B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 89A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite rounded anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite ovoid (Fig. 89A). Holotype male: VENEZUELA: Zulia: Parque Nacional Perijá, Río Negro in Toromo, 10°03'04”N, 72°42'43"W, 360 m, 15.i.1994, Holzenthal, Cressa, & Rincón (UMSP). Paratypes: VENEZUELA: Zulia: Perijá El Tucuco, Mission El Tucuco, Río del Pelaya, 2­1/ 2 km from church, 26.iv.1981, Townes — 1 male (NMNH); Parque Nacional Perijá, Río Negro in Toromo, 10°03'04”N, 72°42'43"W, 360 m, 15.i.1994, Holzenthal, Cressa, & Rincón — 5 females (IZAM); — 1 female, 1 male (NMNH); — 11 females, 4 males (UMSP). Distribution. Venezuela. Etymology. Named for the type locality, Perijá National Park, Venezuela., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 86-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235

Phylloicus bromeliarum Müller Figs. 32, 33 Phylloicus bromeliarum Müller, 1880a:131 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catharina [sic]; no type nor type depository designated; case]. — Ulmer 1906:56 [female]; 1913:398 [male, distribution]; 1955:418 [larva]. Lectotype: BRAZIL, Santa Catarina, Blumenau, 26°56'0”S, 49°3'0"W, Müller, male (MCZ; UMSP000067618). A type series of one male and one female, labeled by Müller as Phylloicus bromeliarum, was deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. These specimens are from Blumenau, Santa Catarina. The male retains only a hind wing; the female retains all four wings, and a pattern is clearly visible. This pattern was described by Ulmer (1906): two narrow white, transverse crescents on a dark brown wing. The other five specimens are a series of two males and one female from São Paulo state ψall in an excellent state of preservationψ which, although the male genitalia are identical with the type male, all have uniformly dark brown wings; a female from Misiones, Argentina, badly rubbed, so that if it had a pattern, it is no longer visible; and a female specimen labeled “ Brazil,” on which the wing pattern described by Ulmer is clear. Given the dearth of material, I cannot assess whether the patterned and unpatterned forms are different species; as the genitalia are indistinguishable, I am treating them all as P. bromeliarum. The wing pattern of P. bromeliarum is similar to that of P. fenestratus; however, in the latter, the white bands are longer and a long patch of white is present in cell Cu 2, which is lacking in P. bromeliarum. The male of P. bromeliarum is very different from other species of Phylloicus, as the dorsum of tergum X is very high, nearly even with the dorsum of tergum IX for most of its length (Fig. 32A). In addition, the harpago is very long and large, and is distinctive of this species. Adult. Forewing length 7.4­8.9 mm, n = 7. Head black, except for small setal warts. Maxillary palps black. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown. Dorsal pterothorax black; ventrolateral thorax dark brown. Femora dark brown; tibiae dark brown; tarsi white, or ivory. Metathoracic leg of male and female with posterior fringe of long setae. Tibial spur formula 2,4,2. Forewing flat; dark brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band white, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing; distal band white, not reaching either wing margin, 1/2 width of wing or less. Hind wing basal brush absent. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga without anteromesal notches. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX with mesal ridge extending full length of segment; posterior margin slightly concave, sublaterally produced into small acute processes; very short mesally (Fig. 32B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 10, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 32A); sternum IX with paired mesolateral ridges joined posteriorly; sternum IX (Fig. 32C). Preanal appendage less than 2/3 length of tergum X, widest near base, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 32A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, truncate, in dorsal view, cleft; with short setae apicodorsally (Fig. 32A, B). Harpago large, rounded; peglike setae tiny, mesal (Fig. 32A, C). Phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 32D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga without anteromesal notches. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 33C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 33B). Sternum IX anterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, posterior lobes smooth, without distinct area of thin cuticle or invagination (Fig. 33A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base indistinct, apex oblique; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 33B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 33A). Vaginal apparatus anterior sclerite elongate; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite triangular (Fig. 33A). Material examined. ARGENTINA: Misiones: 1.x.1910, Jørgensen — 1 female (ZSZMH); BRAZIL: Saunders — 1 female (BMNH); Santa Catarina: Blumenau, 26°56'00”S, 49°03'00"W, Müller — lectotype male, 1 female paralectotype (MCZ); São Paulo: Bertioga, 23°51'00”S, 46°09'00"W, 5 m, 7­9.x.1996, Becker — 2 males, 1 female (NMNH). Distribution. Argentina, Brazil., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 38-39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Muller, F. (1880 a) [for 1878] Sobre as casas construidas pelas larvas de Insectos Trichopteros de provincia de Santa Catherina. Archivos do Museu nacional do Rio do Janeiro, III, 99 - 134, 210 - 215, 134 plates.","Ulmer, G. (1906) Neuer Beitrag zur Kenntnis aussereuropaeischer Trichopteren. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 28, 1 - 116."]}

Phylloicus yolandae, new species Figs. 104, 116 Phylloicus yolandae is one of the prettiest and most unusual species of Phylloicus. With its partially clear forewings and dramatic coloration (Fig. 116), this species resembles clearwinged moth species found in the region. The male genitalia are recognized by the cordate tergum X and the digitate preanal appendage. Adult. Forewing length 8.1 mm, n = 1. Head dark brown or black. Maxillary palps dark brown or black. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax dark brown or black; ventrolateral thorax dark brown. Legs dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male without posterior fringe. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown, or black; with two transverse bands; proximal band ivory, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing, interrupted by clear patch (Fig. 116); distal band ivory, not reaching either wing margin, 1/2 width of wing or less; with single basal stripe, ivory; large clear patch in center of wing (Fig. 116). Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga without anteromesal notches. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin notched (Fig. 104B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae approximately 8, ventral pleural setae approximately 2 (Fig. 104A); sternum IX without mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 104C). Preanal appendage shorter than tergum X, but greater than 2/3 length, narrowly elliptic, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 104A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, acute, in dorsal view, notched, notch deep and round; setose basodorsally; broad basally, constricted at mid­length (Fig. 104A, B). Harpago sharply tapered; peglike setae few, apical (Fig. 104A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired apicolateral lobes, apicolateral lobes large and rounded; phallotremal sclerites small, longest dimension 1/2 diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 104D, E). Female. Unknown. Holotype male: BRAZIL: Paraná: Municipio Corbélia, Rio Novo, headwaters, 24°53'53”S, 53°14'54"W, 700 m, 4­7.iv.1998, Holzenthal & Huisman (MZUSP). Distribution. Brazil. Etymology. I am very pleased to name this species for Jolanda Huisman, who collected it., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 98-99, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235

Phylloicus aeneus (Hagen) Figs. 1, 6, 15, 16, 118 Phylloicus aeneus (Hagen, 1861:285) [Type locality: Mexico [Veracruz]; MCZ; female; in Macronema]; 1864:804 [to Anisocentropus]. — Ulmer 1905a:79 [to Phylloicus, redescription of male now in P. nigripennis]. Ross 1952:34 [male]. — Flint 1967:17 [illustration of male now in P. nigripennis]. — Denning et al. 1983:182 [redescription, illustration is probably of P. mexicanus]. —Bowles & Flint 1997:58 [variation]. Phylloicus ornatus (Banks, 1909:342) [Type locality: United States, Texas, Brownwood; MCZ; female; in Notiomyia]. — Flint 1967:17 [to Phylloicus]. — Holzenthal 1988:72 [distribution]. — Bowles & Flint 1997:53 [redescription, male, female, larva, pupa]. NEW SYNONYM. Phylloicus centralus (Navás, 1924:82) [Type locality: Costa Rica; MNHNP; male; in Macronema]. — Holzenthal 1988:72 [to Phylloicus]. NEW SYNONYM. The identity of P. aeneus has been the subject of some confusion, largely due to the holotype being a female in very poor condition. Several authors have redescribed this species based on specimens mistakenly associated with the type female, and thus judged P. nigripennis, mexicanus, latus, and sagittosa to be conspecific with P. aeneus. Based on the evidence discussed below, mexicanus and nigripennis are valid species — with latus and sagittosa junior synonyms of the latter — and ornatus and centralus are synonyms of aeneus. Hagen (1861) described Macronema aeneum from a female specimen labeled “Sallé, V.C.” [for Veracruz, Mexico, handwritten on a single green label]. Ross (1952) identified this type specimen in a paper on lectotypes of Hagen species in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. He did not refer to the specimen as a lectotype in the paper. A yellow label in Ross’s hand on the specimen names it lectotype, but there is nowhere in Hagen’s original description or Ross’s 1952 paper (except by implication in the paper’s title) any indication that it was selected from among the type series. This specimen is badly damaged; the abdomen, which has been cleared and placed in a microvial of glycerin, is in many pieces; only a portion of one forewing remains, and even this is faded, so that it is not possible to determine what color pattern it might once have exhibited, although the epithet “ aeneum ” translates as “coppery.” The holotype female of M. aeneum bears a tuft of dark stout setae at each posterolateral margin of tergite VIII. The female holotype of Notiomyia ornata was collected in central Texas. It is in good condition and the wing pattern is clearly discernable. The pattern is very distinctive, and the species can be easily discriminated on the basis of wing pattern alone. The wings can be described as copper­colored. The tufts of setae on tergite VIII observed in P. aeneus are present also on the female holotype of N. ornata. I have seen these setal tufts only on females of P. aeneus, ornatus, mexicanus, and panamensis, new species. Specimens of P. mexicanus have other distinguishing characters that rule out conspecificity; of the remaining two species, only P. ornatus is known to be from Mexico. The terminalia of the type specimens of P. aeneus and ornatus are indistinguishable. Only one form of Phylloicus is found in Texas, and thus there is no doubt of the association of male and female. The males bear short coremata on abdominal segment IV, with very short, broad projections of the posterolateral tergal margin. The male holotype of M. centrale has terminalia and modifications of abdominal segment IV identical with those observed in P. ornatus males. The wing pattern is faded, but what remains is consistent with the distinctive pattern of P. ornatus. Ulmer redescribed P. aeneus based on several specimens from Morelos; these specimens appear to be conspecific with the type of P. nigripennis. Flint (1967) compared the female types of aeneus and nigripennis and concluded that they were conspecific; he illustrated a male labeled “ Mexico, Sallé,” stating that it was probably part of the original type series. I have examined this and another specimen labeled “ Mexico, Sallé,” and labeled by Flint in 1965, as Phylloicus aeneus male. The collection labels on these specimens are printed (possibly cut from a journal article) with “ Mexico ” on the upper label, and “Sallé” on the second label; these labels do not resemble those on the type of aeneus except in the collector’s name. These specimens are males of P. nigripennis; the wings are dark and without pattern, no coremata are present on the abdomen, and they exhibit other characteristics consistent only with that species. The redescription of P. aeneus by Denning et al. (1983) includes a mention of the abdominal coremata. Their illustrations were prepared from specimens collected in Sonora, which may have been either P. aeneus or mexicanus; if the specimens depicted in the illustration had abdominal coremata, they must have been P. aeneus. Given this evidence, the logical conclusion is that P. aeneus, centralus, and ornatus are conspecific. Pinned specimens of P. aeneus are easily identified by the distinctive pattern of dark patches near the base of the forewing. As well, in P. aeneus and mexicanus, nigripennis, and panamensis, there is an oblique fold of the forewing’s apical third, toward the midline (Fig. 118). The male genitalia of P. aeneus are most similar to those of P. mexicanus, nigripennis, and panamensis. Phylloicus aeneus may be distinguished from these three species by the presence of short, single­lobed coremata, covered by a short posterior tergal process, on abdominal segment IV. Adult. Forewing length 9.6­12.3 mm, n = 201. Head orange­brown. Maxillary palps black. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax orange­brown, lateral margins black; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Femora golden brown; foretibiae pale tan; mesotibiae white proximally, dark distally; metatibiae white proximally, dark distally; tarsi black. Metathoracic leg of male without posterior fringe. Tibial spur formula 2,4,3. Forewing apical third folded obliquely toward midline; chestnut brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band golden, not reaching either wing margin, 1/2 width of wing or less; distal band golden, extending from anterior to posterior wing margins, zig­zagging, with golden oval surrounding nygma; with single basal stripe, golden; with large dark patch anterobasally and golden semicircle posterobasally (Figs. 105, 118). Hind wing basal brush present in female, orange. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures present. Tergum IV with expanded lateral flanges, lateral coremata; lateral coremata with basal globose lobes. Tergum V without sclerotized modifications (Fig. 15F). Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX with mesal ridge extending 2/3 length of segment; posterior margin smoothly rounded; posteromesal surface covered with fine pilosity (Fig. 15B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 15, ventral pleural setae approximately 5 (Fig. 15A); sternum IX with paired mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 15C). Preanal appendage approximately length of tergum X, of uniform diameter throughout length, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 15A, B). Tergum X sagittate basally; basodorsal process short and bifid; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, acute, in dorsal view, notched, notch square; with 2 longitudinal rows of short setae mesally; with paired shallow processes on lateral surfaces (Fig. 15A, B). Harpago long, curving mesally and tapering apically; peglike setae few, apical (Fig. 15A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes large and round; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite narrow, width less than height (Fig. 15D, E). Female. Abdominal terga I­III black. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII with dense posterolateral brush of setae (Fig. 16B); sternum VIII cleft posteromesally, cleft not reaching anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 16C). Tergum IX with mesal ridge extending length of segment (Fig. 16B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with deep sublateral invaginations (Fig. 16A). Tergum X appendage longer than mesal lobe, base indistinct, apex triangular; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 16B). Sternum X without setae in membrane (Fig. 16A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite rounded anteriorly, posterolateral projections rounded; posterior sclerite ovoid; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized ovoid (Fig. 16A). Material examined. BELIZE: Caya: Rió Frio, mouth of Rió Frio Cave, San Ignacio, 18.vi.1975, Resh — 2 males, 1 female (UMSP); COSTA RICA: 1920, Serre — P. centralus holotype male (MNHNP); Alajuela: 20 km S Upala, 1­20.xi.1990, Parker — 1 female (EMUS); Río Toro, 3.0 km (road) SW Bajos del Toro, 10°12'14”N, 84°18'58"W, 1530 m, 3­4.ix.1990, Holzenthal, Blahnik, & Huisman — 1 male, 2 females (NMNH); Reserva Forestal San Ramón, Río San Lorencito & tribs., 10°12'58”N, 84°36'25"W, 980 m, 1­4.x.1986, I & A Chacón — 1 male (UMSP); 30.iii.­1.iv.1987, Holzenthal, Hamilton, & Heyn — 1 male (UMSP); 1­4.v.1990, Holzenthal & Blahnik — 1 female (UMSP); 28­ 30.vii.1990, Holzenthal, Blahnik, & Muñoz — 1 female (UMSP); 6­10.ii.1991, Holzenthal, Muñoz, & Huisman — 2 males, 1 female (UMSP); Cartago: Reserva Tapantí, Quebrada Palmitos & falls, ca. 9 km (road) NW tunnel, 09°43'12”N, 83°46'48"W, 1400 m, 24­25.iii.1991, Holzenthal, Muñoz, & Huisman — 1 male (UMSP); Río Grande de Orosí, 09°41'10”N, 83°45'22"W, 1650 m, 23.i.1985, Janzen & Hallwachs — 1 male (NMNH); Guanacaste: Cerro El Hache, W side, 310 m, 31.v.1986, Janzen & Hallwachs — 1 male, 1 female (UMSP); Finca Montezuma, 3 km SE R. Naranjo, 17.xi.1991, Parker — 1 female (EMUS); 20­31.i.1992, Parker — 1 female (EMUS); v.1992, Parker — 1 female (EMUS); 16­31.v.1993, Parker — 1 female (EMUS); Maritza, confluence with Río Tempisquito, 10°57'25”N, 85°29'42"W, 580 m, 31­19.v.1994 — 1 male & pupal exuviae, 1 female (UMSP); 14.ii.­1.v.1994 — 2 males & pupal exuviae, 2 females (UMSP); Maritza, Rio Orosi, 10°59'28”N, 85°25'42"W, 675 m, 31.i.­27.v.1994 — 2 males & pupal exuviae, 1 female (UMSP); Quebrada Garcia, Quebrada Garcia, 10.6 km ENE Quebrada Grande, 10°51'43”N, 85°25'41"W, 470 m, 8.iii.1986, Holzenthal & Fasth — 1 female (UMSP); Río Los Ahogados, Río Los Ahogados, 11.3 km ENE Quebrada Grande, 10°51'54”N, 85°25'23"W, 470 m, 7.iii.1986, Holzenthal & Fasth — 1 male (UMSP); Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Estacion Maritza, Río Tempisquito, 10°57'29”N, 85°29'49"E, 550 m, 29.i.1992, Sweeney — 1 male (NMNH); Río Orosí, Estación Pitilla, 10°59'28”N, 85°25'41"W, 700 m, 22­25.v.1990, Holzenthal & Blahnik — 1 female (UMSP); Río San Josecito, 10°55'19”N, 85°28'12"W, 960 m, 3­4.iv.1987, Holzenthal, Hamilton, & Heyn — 1 male (INBIO); Río Tempisquito, Maritza, 10°57'29”N, 85°29'49"W, 550 m, 19­ 20.vii.1987, Holzenthal, Morse, & Clausen — 1 female (UMSP); Parque Nacional Rincón de la Vieja, Río Negro, 10°45'54”N, 85°18'47"W, 810 m, 3.iii.1986, Holzenthal & Fasth — 1 male, 3 females (UMSP); Límon: Limon, 16 km W Guapiles, 400 m, ii.­iii.1989, Hanson — 1 male (UMSP); Reserva Biológica Barbilla, trib. to Río Dantas, 13 (km) S Pacuarito, 09°59'42”N, 83°28'37"W, 0 m, 1.ii.1992, Holzenthal, Muñoz, & Kjer — 1 male, 1 female (UMSP); Puntarenas: Río Bellavista trib., Las Alturas, road to quarry, 08°57'07”N, 82°50'53"W, 1480 m, 19.iii.1991, Holzenthal, Muñoz, & Huisman — 1 female (UMSP); Río Bellavista, ca. 1.5 km NW Las Alturas, 08°57'04”N, 82°50'46"W, 1400 m, 15­17.vi.1986, Holzenthal, Heyn, & Armitage — 1 male (UMSP); 8­9.iv.1987, Holzenthal, Hamilton, & Heyn — 2 males, 2 females (INBIO); — 9 males, 9 females (UMSP); 2­3.viii.1987, Holzenthal, Morse, & Clausen — 2 males, 1 female (UMSP); 10­ 11.viii.1990, Holzenthal, Blahnik, & Muñoz — 1 male, 1 female (UMSP); 16­17.iii.1991, Holzenthal, Muñoz, & Huisman — 7 males (UMSP); Río Cotón, in Las Alturas, 08°56'17”N, 82°49'34"W, 1360 m, 12.viii.1990, Holzenthal, Blahnik, & Muñoz — 2 females (UMSP); 18.iii.1991, Holzenthal, Muñoz, & Huisman — 1 male (INBIO); Río Guineal, ca 1 km (air) E Finca Helechales, 09°04'34”N, 83°05'31"W, 840 m, 22.ii.1986, Holzenthal, Morse, & Fasth — 4 males, 2 females (UMSP); 4.viii.1987, Holzenthal, Morse, & Clausen — 1 male (UMSP); Río Singrí, ca 2 km (air) S Finca Helechales, 09°03'25”N, 83°04'55"W, 720 m, 21.ii.1986, Holzenthal, Morse, & Fasth — 1 male, 1 female (UMSP); San Vito, 2 km S., Finca Las Cruces, 08°42'00”N, 83°00'00"W, 4000 m, 20.xi.1988, Solis — 1 male (INBIO); Jardín Botanico R & C Wilson, unnamed trib., Sendro del Agua, 08°48'00”N, 82°57'36"W, 1180 m, 8.viii.1990, Holzenthal, Blahnik, & Muñoz — 1 female (UMSP); Zona Protectora Las Tablas, Río Cotón, Sitio Cotón, 08°56'28”N, 82°47'13"W, 1460 m, 15.iv.1989, Holzenthal & Blahnik — 11 males, 10 females (UMSP); San José: Motel Prado, San Isidro del General — 1 male (UMSP); Pedregoso, 640 m, 21.ii., Rounds — 1 male (MCZ); Río Parrita Chiquito, rt. 12, 6.5 km SW jct. rt. 2, 09°42'11”N, 83°58'12"W, 1990 m, 10.iv.1987, Holzenthal, Hamilton, & Heyn — 1 male (INBIO); GUATEMALA: Las Mercedes, 914 m, 1879­1881, Champion — 1 male, 1 female (BMNH); Panima, Vera Paz, 1879­1881, Champion — 1 female (BMNH); Chiquimula: Padre Miguel, 19.viii.1965, Flint & Ortiz — 2 females (NMNH); El Progreso: Est. de la Virgen, 11­12.viii.1965, Flint & Ortiz — 1 male, 2 females (NMNH); Jutiapa: San Jerónimo, 1879­1881, Champion — 2 males, 3 females (BMNH); Suchitepequez: Cuyotenango, 10­20.vi.1966, Flint & Ortiz — 1 male (NMNH); MEXICO: 3048 m, 1871, Bilimek — 1 male (NMW); Chiapas: 2.9 km S of Jitotol, 11.viii.1967, Flint — 2 males (NMNH); 58 km S Palenque, 17.v.1981, C & O Flint — 1 male (NMNH); Dolores, Rt. 190, km 1190, 7.viii.1965, Flint & Ortiz — 1 male (NMNH); Soconusco, 27 Jul, Purpus — 1 female (ZMHU); Chihuahua: Arroyo Toro, Toro Basin, 1720 m, 23.vi.1987, Kondratieff & Baumann — 1 male (NMNH); Riito, Hwy 16, 10 mi E of Yepachic, 28.vi.1987, Kondratieff & Baumann — 1 male (NMNH); Durango: 10 mi. W El Salto, 10.vi.1964, McAlpine — 1 female (NMNH); Jalisco: 11.2 mi. E Cuititian, 4 mi. E Durazno, 1128 m, 29­ 30.viii.1987, Bloomfield — 1 female (NMNH); 2.3 mi. E Durazno, 1158 m, 6­8.vi.1989, Bloomfield — 1 male (NMNH); Mórelos: Cuernavaca, Banks — 1 female (MCZ); Nayarit: 0.6 mi. E Riitos, road to San Andreas, 9­11.iii.1987, Bloomfield — 1 male (NMNH); Nuevo Leon: Municipio de Santiago, Stream at La Nogalera above Cola de Caballo, 27.v.1991, Contreras & Harris — 1 male, 2 females (UMSP); Oaxaca: 8 km S Valle Nacional, 25.v.1981, C & O Flint — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); San Luis Potosí: Huichihuayan, Rt. 85, km 399, 7.viii.1966, Flint — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); Sancti Spíritus: Sótano de Tlamaya, 26.xi.1964, Raines & Bell — 2 males (NMNH); Sinaloa: Portrerillos, 15 mi. W El Palmito, 1524 m, 8.vii.1964, McAlpine — 1 female (CNC); 20.vii.1964, Mason — 1 female (CNC); Sonora: small stream near Yecora, 20.viii.1986, Kondratieff — 1 female (NMNH); Tamaulipas: Rio verge. 25 km SW Ciudad Victoria, 14­16.iii.1982, Gillaspy — 1 male (NMNH); Veracruz: Hagen — P. aeneus holotype female (MCZ); 1.6 mi. N Coscomatepec, 22.vii.1966, Flint & Ortiz — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); Cordoba, 4­23.viii. Aug 1965, Lau — 1 female (NMNH); 10­20.viii.1966, Lau — 1 male (NMNH); 1.ix.1966, Lau — 1 male (NMNH); nr. Huatusco, 25­26.vii.1965, Flint & Ortiz — 1 male (NMNH); Río Tacolapan, 25­ 26.vii.1966, Flint & Ortiz — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); Las Tuxtlas Biological Station, Las Tuxtlas area, nr. Balzapote, 31 km NE of Catemaco, 3­15.v.1981, C & O Flint — 1 male, 3 females (NMNH); NICARAGUA: Estelí: Area Protegida Miraflor, Quebrada Grande, 13°13'20”N, 86°15'33"W, 1200 m, 19.vii.2000, Chamorro & Lacayo — 1 female (UMSP); Jinotega: Peñas Blancas, 13°17'00”N, 85°33'00"W, 1300 m, 25.vii.1997, Maes & Hernández — 5 males (NMNH); PANAMA: Chiriqui: Boquete, 6.vi.1940, Fairchild — 1 female (MCZ); Bugaba, 244­457 m, 21.x.1881 ­ 11.iii.1883, Champion — 1 male (BMNH); Fortuna Dam Site nr. Hornitos, 08°55'00”N, 82°16'00"W, 1050 m, 24.xi.­ 20.xii.1976, Wolda — 6 males (NMNH); 12­18.x.1977, Wolda — 1 male, 1 female (UMSP); 9­6.xii.1977, Wolda — 1 male, 2 females (NMNH); 16­29.xi.1977, Wolda — 2 males, 1 female (NMNH); 30­6.xii.1977, Wolda — 3 males (NMNH); UNITED STATES: Texas: Brownwood, Banks — P. ornatus holotype female (MCZ); Fort Davis, Davis Mountains, 1524 m, vii­viii.1928, Poling — 1 female (CAS); Brewster County, Windows Creek, 5­10.iv.1993, Gelhaus — 1 female (NMNH); Jeff Davis County, Barrilla Draw, 4 mi. E Ft. Davis, 11­12.iv.1993, C & O, Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 21-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Hagen, H. (1861) Synopsis of the Neuroptera of North America with a list of the South American species, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 4. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., xx + 347 pp.","Ulmer, G. (1905 a) Neue und wenig bekannte aussereuropaische Trichopteren, hauptsachlich aus dem Wiener Museum. Annalen des kaiserlich-koniglich naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, 20, 59 - 98.","Ross, H. H. (1952) Lectotypes of Hagen species belonging to certain families of Trichoptera. Psyche, 59, 31 - 36.","Flint, O. S., Jr. (1967) Studies of Neotropical caddis flies, V: Types of the species described by Banks and Hagen. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 123, 1 - 37.","Denning, D. G., Resh, V. H. & Hogue, C. L. (1983) New species of Phylloicus and a new Neotropical genus of Calamoceratidae (Trichoptera). Aquatic Insects, 5, 181 - 191.","Banks, N. (1909) Two new caddice flies. Entomological News, 20, 342.","Holzenthal, R. W. (1988) Catalogo Sistematico de los Tricopteros de Costa Rica (Insecta: Trichoptera). Brenesia, 29, 51 - 82.","Navas, R. P. L. (1924) Insectos de la America Central. Broteria, Serie Zoologica, 21, 55 - 86."]}

Phylloicus amazonas, new species Figs. 17, 18, 106 The male genitalia of P. amazonas are most similar to those of P. chalybeus, but these two species differ in the distinctive wing pattern of P. amazonas. The wing pattern (Fig. 106) is similar to P. paprockii (Fig. 112), but differs in the black border of the large white patch. Adult. Forewing length 8.2­ 9 mm, n = 9. Head golden brown. Maxillary palps golden brown, covered with dark brown setae. Antenna twice forewing length; golden brown. Dorsal pterothorax golden brown; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Legs golden brown. Metathoracic leg of male without posterior fringe. Tibial spur formula 2,4,2. Forewing flat; dark brown; with single transverse band; distal band white, not reaching either wing margin, 1/2 width of wing or less, oval, bordered with black; with single basal stripe, golden; sparse patches of white or ivory setae in basal cells; large dark patch and sparse white setae at location of proximal band (Fig. 106). Hind wing basal brush present in female. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga without anteromesal notches. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin smoothly rounded (Fig. 17B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 4, ventral pleural setae approximately 2 (Fig. 17A); sternum IX without mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 17C). Preanal appendage approximately length of tergum X, of uniform diameter throughout length, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 17A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process long and digitate; basolateral processes long, length at least twice diameter; apex, in lateral view, rounded, in dorsal view, notched, notch round; apicodorsal and dorsolateral margins bearing single row of short fine setae (Fig. 17A, B). Harpago long, curving mesally and tapering apically; peglike setae absent (Fig. 17A, C). Phallic endotheca with single long apical lobe and paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes multilobed; phallotremal sclerites very large, longest dimension twice diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite two­armed, in lateral view U­shaped (Fig. 17D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga without anteromesal notches. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 18C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 18B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with deep sublateral invaginations (Fig. 18A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base indistinct, apex triangular; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 18B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 18A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections acute; posterior sclerite ovoid; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized ovoid (Fig. 18A). Holotype male: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Cerro de la Neblina, Basecamp, 00°51'N 66°10'W, 140 m, 10­20.ii.1985, Spangler, Faitoute, & Steiner (NMNH). Paratypes: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Manaus, Ponta Negra, 19.xi.1976, Penny — 1 male (INPA); Res. Ducke, 26 km E Manaus, 29.x.1976 — 1 female (INPA); GUYANA: Nouveau Chantier, May, Le Moult — 1 male (MCZ); Warniabo Cr., Dubulay Ranch, 05°39'48”N, 57°53'24"E, 10­11.iv.1994, Flint — 2 females (NMNH); 14­19.iv.1995, Flint — 1 male (NMNH); PERU: Loreto: Callicebus Research Station, Mishana, Río Nanay, 25 km SW Iquitos, 120 m, 10­17.i. 1980, Heppner — 1 female, 1 male (NMNH). Distribution. Brazil, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela. Etymology. This species is named for the Brazilian and Venezuelan states of Amazonas, where it was collected., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 26-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235

Phylloicus bertioga, new species Figs. 23, 24 This species can be recognized by the single ivory band on the forewing and the short preanal appendages of the male. Neither of the male specimens had the phallic endotheca fully everted, so I am unable to describe the membranous lobes. Adult. Forewing length 7.7­8.8 mm, n = 3. Head dark brown, with dorsomesal crest of black setae. Maxillary palps chestnut brown. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax dark brown, lateral margins black; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Femora golden brown; foretibiae dark brown; mesotibiae dark brown; metatibiae dark brown; tarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male without posterior fringe. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown; with single transverse band; distal band ivory, not reaching either wing margin, 1/2 width of wing or less. Hind wing basal brush absent. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII without anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX with short mesal ridge extending from anterior notch; posterior margin not distinct from base of tergum X (Fig. 23B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 3, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 23A); sternum IX with paired mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 23C). Preanal appendage less than 2/3 length of tergum X, as long as wide, rounded apically, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 23A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes short, length less than or equal to diameter; apex, in lateral view, truncate, in dorsal view, notched, notch round (Fig. 23A, B). Harpago long, curving mesally and tapering apically; peglike setae tiny, mesal (Fig. 23A, C). Phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 23D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII without anteromesal process. Tergum VIII with sparser posterolateral brush of setae (Fig. 24B); sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 24C). Tergum IX with mesal ridge extending 1/3 length of segment (Fig. 24B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with irregular, semimembranous pockets lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 24A). Tergum X appendage length equal to mesal lobe, base marked by faint suture line, apex rounded; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 24B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 24A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite rounded anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite ovoid; posterior end of spermatheca a tiny sclerotized sphere (Fig. 24A). Holotype male: BRAZIL: São Paulo: Bertioga, 23°51'00”S, 46°09'00"W, 5 m, 7­ 9.x.1996, Becker (MZUSP). Paratypes: BRAZIL: São Paulo: Bertioga, 23°51'00”S, 46°09'00"W, 5 m, 7­ 9.x.1996, Becker — 1 female, 1 male (NMNH). Distribution. Brazil. Etymology. Named for Bertioga, the type locality in São Paulo state., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 31-32, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235

Phylloicus aculeatus (Blanchard) Figs. 11, 12 Phylloicus aculeatus (Blanchard, 1851:138) [Type locality: Chile; MNHNP; female; in Macronema]. — Flint 1974a:84 [female lectotype, not Hydropsychidae, but Phylloicus]; 1990:119 [distribution]. Phylloicus distans Navás, 1918:226 [Type locality: Chile, Marga­Marga, Los Perales; MZB; male]. — Flint 1974a:84 [to synonymy]. Phylloicus aculeatus is easily recognized. It is the only calamoceratid known from the Chilean subregion. The long, paired digitate processes of tergum X (Fig. 11A, B) are plainly visible even in uncleared specimens. The inferior appendages appear one­segmented, with the harpago large, not distinct from the coxopodite, and with numerous peglike setae on the mesoventral surface. Adult. Forewing length 10.3­12.5 mm, n = 147. Head dark brown. Maxillary palps dark brown. Antenna twice forewing length; chestnut brown. Dorsal pterothorax dark brown; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Legs golden brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae. Tibial spur formula — 2,4,4. Forewing flat; chestnut brown; without colored markings. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga without anteromesal notches. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII without anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin with irregular mesal projection; dorsomesal lobe covered with fine ridged sculpturing (Fig. 11B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 15, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 11A); sternum IX without mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 11C). Preanal appendage less than 2/ 3 length of tergum X, widest near base, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 11A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes long, length at least twice diameter; apex, in lateral view, with ventral projection, in dorsal view, notched, notch deep and triangular; with small setose mesal lobe at mid­length; with longitudinal row of short setae sublaterally; lateral margins extending over bases of paired, truncate apical processes (Fig. 11A, B). Harpago large, nearly equal to coxopodite and with base indistinct from coxopodite; peglike setae many, mesoventral (Fig. 11A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired apicolateral lobes and paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes large and round, apicolateral lobes large and rounded; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 11D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga without anteromesal notches. Sternum VII without anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 12C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 12B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, without distinct area of thin cuticle or invagination (Fig. 12A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base marked by faint suture line, apex rounded; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes long, at least twice diameter, or absent (Fig. 12B). Sternum X without setae in membrane (Fig. 12A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections rounded; posterior sclerite ovoid; posterior end of spermatheca membranous (Fig. 12A). Material examined. ARGENTINA: Neuquen: 13 km E Quila Quina, 27.i.1974, Flint — 2 males (NMNH); 3 km S Va. La Angostura, 4.ii.1974, Flint — 1 male (NMNH); 3 km W Estación Forestal Pucara, 30.i.1974, Flint — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); — 1 male (UMSP); Estación Forestal Pucara, Canal, 28­29.i.1974, Flint — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); — 1 male (UMSP); Río Negro: El Bolson, 27.ii.1961, Kovacs — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); CHILE: 16.xi.1933, Stuardo — 1 female (DEI); Calbuco, Faz — 1 male (DEI); 1843, Gay — P. aculeatus lectotype female (MNHNP); Comudes, 17.i.1902, Schönemann — 5 males, 3 adults (ZMHU); 28.i.1902, Schönemann — 1 adult (ZMHU); 16.ii.1902, Schönemann — 1 male (ZMHU); Manguehue, 28.xii.1932, Stuardo — 1 male (DEI); Aisén: Puerto Puyuguapi, 44°21'03”S, 72°34'27"W, 5.ii.1940, Schwabe — 1 male (DEI); Araucania: near Los Gringos Camp, 1300 m, 29.i.­5.ii.1979, D & M Davis; Akerbergs — 2 males, 2 females (NMNH); 6­11.i.1982, Davis — 2 males, 2 females (NMNH); 5­9.i.1989, Peña G. — 1 male (NMNH); Bío­Bío: Caledonia, E Mulchén, 700­900 m, 6­ 15.ii.1981, Peña G. — 1 male (NMNH); Contulmo (El Peral), 15.i.1967 — 1 female (NMNH); Contulmo, 1.viii.1904, Schönemann — 1 adult (ZMHU); Ralco / Trafa­Trafa, 400 m, 19­22.xi.1994, Peña G. — 1 female (NMNH); Río Duqueco, Río Duqueco, Hacienda San Lorenzo, E Los Angeles, 1000 m, 20­23.i.1991, Peña G. — 2 males (NMNH); Arauco, Butamalal, 23­31.i.1954, Peña G. — 1 female (DEI); Caramavida, 25­31.xii.1953, Peña G. — 2 males (DEI); Ñuble Province, Alto Tregualemu, ca. 20 km SE Chovellen, 500 m, 26­27.i.1979, D & M Davis; Akerbergs — 2 females (UMSP); Ñuble, Recinto, 36°48'00”S, 71°44'00"W — 2 males, 1 female (BMNH); 30.xi.1951, Peña G. — 1 male (CNC); Cauquenes: Tregualemu, 35°56'00”S, 72°43'00"W, 11­12.xii.1993, C & O Flint — 1 female (UMSP); De los Lagos: brook in Fdo. Walper, 16.ii.1958, Illies — 3 males (NMNH); Pte. La Caldera, 42°40'00”S, 74°00'00"W, 26.xii.1993, C & O Flint — 2 males (NMNH); Rincon de Piedra, ca. 23 km SE Valdivia, 200 m, 23.ii.1979, D & M Davis; Akerbergs — 2 males, 1 female (NMNH); Chiloé, 13­15.i.1981, Marin — 13 males, 1 female (NMNH); — 1 female (UMSP); 1 km E Lago Tepuhueco ca. 40 air km SW Castro, 100 m, 23­25.xii.1981, Davis — 1 male (NMNH); Ahoni Alto, 42°47'00”S, 72°35'00"W, 24.xii.1993, C & O Flint — 2 males (NMNH); Ahoni, 30 km SE Chonchi, xi.1988, Peña G. — 4 females (NMNH); i.­ii.1989, Peña G. — 2 males, 1 female (UMSP); Aucar, 6.i.1952, Peña G. — 5 males (CNC); Puntra, ca. 30 air km S. Ancud, 50 m, 21­22.xii.1981, Davis — 1 male (NMNH); Terao, W end, 42°42'00”S, 73°40'00"W, 23­27.xii.1993, C & O Flint — 1 male (NMNH); Llanquihue, Casa Pangue, 4­10.xii.1926, Edwards, F & M — 2 males (BMNH); Peulla, 41°06'00”S, 72°02'00"W, 12­13.xii.1926, Edwards, F & M — 1 male (BMNH); Osorno, brook at L. Puyhue, 17.xii.1957, Illies — 1 male (NMNH); Maicolpué, 40°34'00”S, 73°44'00"W, 21.xii.1993, C & O Flint — 2 males (NMNH); Pucatrihue, 26­ 31.i.1980, Peña G. — 1 male (UMSP); — 7 adults (NMNH); 1­12.ii.1980, Peña G. — 5 males, 5 females (NMNH); 12­26.ii.1985, Peña G. — 2 adults (NMNH); P. N. Puyehue, Ag. Calientes to 3 km W Osorno, 600 m, 12­20.xii.1981, Davis — 1 male (NMNH); Valdivia, Enco, 26.ii.1955, Peña G. — 1 male (DEI); Pellaifa, mtn. brook, 12.ii.1958, Illies — 1 male (NMNH); Del Maule: Forel Carrizalillo, 250 m, 30.i.­5.ii.1981, Peña G. — 1 male (NMNH); Las Tablas, E Curico, ii.1985, Peña G. — 4 adults (NMNH); Curico, Coigual, 13.i.1955, Peña G. — 1 male (DEI); Linares, Emb. Bullileo, 36°18'00”S, 71°25'00"W, 11­12.i.1994, C & O Flint — 1 male (NMNH); Región Metropolitana: Santiago, El Manzano, 9.ii.1952, Peña G. — 1 female (CNC); Santiago: San Juan de Pirque, 33°38'00”S, 70°30'00"W, 11.xi.1927 — 1 male, 1 female (MZB); Valdivia: Las Trancas, W La Union, 23­29.i.1995, Peña G. — 1 male (NMNH); Valparaiso: Cuesta El Melon, 14­ 16.xi.1985, Peña G. — 5 males, 5 females (NMNH); Quillota, Los Perales, Estero Marga­ Marga, 33°01'14”S, 71°33'41"W,. iii.1925 — 2 males (MZB); i.1927 — 1 male (MZB); ii.1927 — 1 male (MZB); VIII Región del Bío­Bío: small trib. to Río Queuco, 5 km E Ralco, 37°51'36”S, 71°36'14"W, 500 m, 16.i.2000, Holzenthal & Muñoz — 2 males (UMSP). Distribution. Argentina, Chile., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 17-19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Blanchard, E. (1851) Seccion II, Tricopteros. In: Gay, C. (Ed), Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile, Zoologie, Vol. 6. En casa del autor, Paris, pp. 135 - 142.","Flint, O. S., Jr. (1974 a) Checklist of the Trichoptera, or caddisflies, of Chile. Revista Chilena de Entomologia, 8, 83 - 93.","Navas, R. P. L. (1918) Insectos Chilenos. Boletin de la Sociedad Aragonesa de Ciencias Naturales, 17, 212 - 230."]}