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Objectives: To determine the factors responsible for repeat caesarean section. Material and Methods: It was a retrospective descriptive study, conducted at department of Obstetric and Gynecology of Al-Aleem Medical College att ached with Gulab Devi Educational Complex Lahore, over a period of two years from October 2018 to September 2020 after approval from Institutional Ethical Committ ee. A total of 70 pregnant women fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Results: In this study a total of 70 women were included, only 40% had successful VBAC and 60% ended into caesarean delivery. Majority of the women (78.56%) were between 20-30 years and mean age was 24.05±2.15 years. 60% women were multiparous. Inter-pregnancy interval less than two years was observed in 67.14%. In 52.85% women BMI was less than 24 kg/m2. Factors responsible for repeat caesarean sections were observed in women, 35.71% > 30 years of age, previous unsuccessful vaginal birth after cesarean in 64.28%, inter-pregnancy interval <2 years in 73.80%, BMI > 24 kg/m2, Bishop score <5 cm 71.42% and fetal weight > 3 k.g in 59.52%. Conclusions: Several factors responsible for repeat caesarean section in this study were considered as negative predictors for successful vaginal birth after cesarean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine the factors responsible for failed induction of labour. Study design: Retrospective cross sectional Study. Study Sett ing: Obstetric and Gyne Department of Al-Aleem Medical College, Gulab Devi Educational Complex. Duration of study:One year from 1st October 2019 to 30th October 2020. Material and Methods: During this period total 690 births were carried out. A total of 301 pregnant women fulfilling inclusion criteria were included in this study who were induced. Data like age, parity, BMI, gestational age, ruptured membranes, amniotic fluid volume on US, Bishop's score and fetal weight were recorded on pre designed proforma. Results:A total of 301 women met the inclusion criteria, failed induction occurred in 123 women (40.86%). The mean age of the women was 28.3 ±1.9 years. Factors responsible for failed induction of labour in the study were observed as women > 30 years 64.22%, primigravida 69.91%, BMI more than 24 k.g/m2 78.86%, gestational age > 41 weeks 40.65%, ruptured membranes > 12 hours 66.66%, Bishop score < 5 cm 69.91%, AFI on USG 56.09% and fetal weight > 3 kg 60.97%. The P-value was extremely statistically significant (< 0.0001) was observed in two factors ruptured membranes more than 12 hours and poor Bishop's score. Conclusions: In our study induction of labour failed in 40.86%. Poor Bishop's score < 5cm and ruptured membranes more than 12 hours at admission were observed extremely statistically significant factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]