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The article has analytical and conceptual character. It contains a detailed analysis of the scope of cadastral information on waters based on actual data from the regional databases, which are established in four logistically major cities in Poland: Warsaw, Krakow, Wroclaw and Szczecin. The authors examine the contents of water cadastre databases in Poland and possibilities of using them in building the 3D cadastre. The concept of using water cadastre as a subsystem of the 3D cadastre presented in the work was carried out using graphical methods of the object-oriented analysis. The authors present a Real Estate Cadastre (REC) model based on synchronisation of the Land Register databases with the water cadastre databases carried out in District Water Management Boards. Modernisation and thematic expansion of Land Register databases, which act in Poland as cadastre, consistent with the presented REC model is a chance to improve the real estate market in Poland.

Land fragmentation is a phenomenon which constitutes one of the biggest obstacles to profitable agricultural production. Measurable estimation of this phenomenon is possible by a number of known indicators, based on the surface area of parcels in the given area, their location in space and belonging to individual farms. This method of calculation of the indicators is inaccurate due to the phenomenon of neighbourhood of plots which belong to the same owners. For the purposes of calculating the ratios of actual fragmentation of land, these parcels should be treated as one complex. The article presents a proposal for the adjustment of existing methods of determination of the fragmentation of land indicators, taking into account these phenomena. The object of the research covered area of the voivodeship of Malopolska located in the southern part of Poland. Developed by the authors, method of calculation of land fragmentation indicators, based on complexes of land belonging to the same owners (complexes of plo...

Modernization of the land and buildings cadastre is a set of actions aimed at improving the quality of data collected there. Application in the process of modernization of the sources of information from the land surveying, gives fully satisfactory results. On the other hand the use of photogrammetric measurements is the solution more economical in terms of financial and time. However, there is a danger of obtaining the results which do not meet the standards of accuracy of the border points position. The paper presents an example of the results of the influence of the process of modernizing the land and buildings cadastre for the areas where the source material are cadastral maps in the scale 1: 2000, created on the basis of photomaps or cadastral maps in the scale 1: 2880. An assessment of the suitability of these materials in the process of modernization and their impact on the current form of the land and building cadastre as a public register was made.

Topological correctness of objects is an issue demanding solution in all undertakings related to the creation spatial databases. This article presents the technology for detection and elimination of topological errors in official databases (real estate cadastres, Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS)). The method for working on virtual objects in computer aided design (CAD) environment has been developed. This method can be successfully used for spatial databases, where large numbers of objects are elaborated. The suggested algorithm for verifying the topological correctness of surface objects was implemented in the years 2010–11, with the update of LPIS system databases, carried out by the Ministry of Agriculture in Poland. This technology received positive assessment in the course of the works undertaken.

This paper presents a transition method from a 2D cadastre to a 3D+time system, using the available software, based on the official spatial data registers. For over two decades in Poland the official registers of terrain related objects have been undergoing modernisation. This modernisation focuses on the safety and protection of the rights to properties, increasing the efficiency of databases and the quality of data, as well as increasing the efficiency of planning and land management. The advanced technologies, such as CAD, GIS or DBMS, make it possible to build a digital terrain model (DTM) followed by a visualisation of surface objects, such as parcel boundaries or building outlines, in 3D. Modern relational databases and CAD tools also allow reconstruction of real estate state from any moment in history, registered in the database.