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A new species of Orthochirus Karsch, 1891 (Scorpiones, Buthidae) is described from El-Oued, Debila, in Algeria. The number of confirmed Orthochirus species from Algeria is now raised to two. Further studies most certainly will clarify the status of yet undescribed populations.

Scorpion fauna of Algeria is insufficiently known. This study was carried out to assess seasonal changes of the scorpion biodiversity at the region of Tebessa (northeastern Algeria) along a climatic gradient including semiarid, arid and desertic climates randomized sampling was carried out at three sites stratified according to a climatic gradient. Sites visits were carried out 16 times per year at each site for a period of 2 h for each field trip. The distribution of the scorpions was studied by ecological descriptors and by statistical analyzes. In this study, 257 scorpion specimens belonging to the families Buthidae (64%) and Scorpionidae (36%) were collected. The Buthidae family was represented by four species: Buthus tunetanus (Herbst, 1800) (26%), Buthus aures Lourenco, 2016 (21%), Androctonus australis Ewing, 1928 (14%) and Androctonus aeneas (Koch, 1839) (3%), while the Scorpionidae was represented by a single species, Scorpio punicus Fet, 2000, which was also the most abundant at 36%. Statistical models revealed that climatic gradient and seasonal variation significantly influenced the distribution and the biodiversity of scorpions and that ecological descriptors were strongly correlated with climatic gradient and seasonal variation. This work constitutes the first study carried out on the scorpion diversity in northeastern Algeria. Thus, planning of control programs for the species identified in this area is essential.

Since the early 2000s, the genus Buthus Leach, 1815 (family Buthidae) has been the subject of an important number of studies. These concerned particularly the species belonging to the ‘Buthus occitanus’ complex. A number of populations previously considered as subspecies or varieties of B. occitanus Leach were raised to the rank of species, but also many new species have been described. Most of the species considered in these studies come from North Africa, in particular from Morocco, Mauritania, Chad, Sudan and Egypt, but only two new species were recorded from Algeria. At present, one more new species of Buthus is described from the Algerian Saharan Desert, raising the number of confirmed Buthus in Algeria to five. Since most Buthus species from North Africa, and in particular those from Algeria, inhabit more mesic environments than the Saharan Central compartment, the new species appears as the first true deserticolous species found in this country.

Taxonomic considerations are given for the genus Lissothus Vachon, 1948 (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Two species are currently known, Lissothus bernardi Vachon, 1948 from Libya and Lissothus occidentalis Vachon, 1950 from Mauritania. In this contribution, a new species, Lissothus chaambi sp. n., is described from the desert of Central Algeria. The new species is most closely related to L. bernardi. The geographical distribution of the genus is discussed.