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China has launched a series of talent-recruitment policies in the last years, in order to attract back Chinese nationals who stayed abroad. Yet, little is known about the effect of such policies. This paper examines whether researchers recruited in one of the Chinese flagship talent-recruitment policies—the ‘Young Thousand Talents’ policy (Y1000T)—had, in the following years after recruitment, better research performance. We compare these recipients against other Chinese nationals who got PhDs in equally prestigious non-Chinese universities but continued to work abroad (mostly in the USA). Results of difference-in-differences regressions show that returning to China has an effect of positioning returnees both at the bottom and at the very summit of the distribution of quality of publications. Nevertheless, some Y1000T researchers seem to have prioritized the quantity of outputs, arguably to the detriment of quality. This is probably due to certain research evaluation criteria in place until recent times.

Immigration is a law enforcement agency that functions as a public servant. Therefore, as an institution with authority to protect the traffic of people consisting of foreign nationals and Indonesian citizens, immigration policy has a crucial position in carrying out its duties and functions. However, the position of Immigration as a public servant with a human security aspect results in a consequence that must be taken, namely making a policy that balances service and in-depth supervision. Especially for Indonesian migrant workers who will work abroad. So Immigration is obliged to make various surveillance innovations as a contribution in terms of early detection both in terms of policies, regulations, technology, as well as improving the human resources of immigration officers in supervising migrant workers who are leaving, namely following procedures so that in the future it does not cause new problems in particular. Involved and entered into transnational crime both as victims and even perpetrators. This research is based on the writer's concern about the situation of PMI, considering that the migrant sector is one of the critical aspects in facilitating the country's development following the function of Immigration. This study uses a normative juridical method based on literature study materials and comparisons of policies taken with qualitative data. It is hoped that with this research, policy and technological innovation will contribute both legally and socially to the mitigation of the presence of undocumented migrant workers.

The US federal government outsources much of its work abroad, spurring a large and competitive industry to implement these contracts. Simultaneously, the US government has an explicit foreign polic...

One of the main works of my late teacher, Professor V.A.Manassein, relates to the study of changes in blood during experimental fever. The data of this work are still cited in monographs on this issue. Vyacheslav Avksentievich, one of the first Russian doctors, worked on the study of morphological changes in blood in various pathological conditions and, sending me to work abroad, he strongly recommended that I pay special attention to this department of pathology and the clinic. Wishing to mark the memory of my teacher in some way, I allow myself in this small work to report the results of my clinic's research on the morphology of blood in cardiac patients during the period of disturbance of the compensation of cardiac activity.

Objective- This study aims to evaluate reasons for joining the Pharm D program among the graduates and students, their levels of satisfaction regarding choice, their perception towards the program and future career plans. Methods- All students and graduates under the Kerala University of Health Sciences, KUHS were invited to participate in the study conducted using the online portal- Google forms. Results- A total of 199 participants responded to the questionnaire, where the main reasons for choosing the program were to serve the society (88.4%), he/she is good at science (81.4%) and to settle and work abroad (70.9%). Working as hospital Clinical Pharmacist (87.9%) and Pharmacovigilance(80.4%) were the most preferred future career plans. About 59.8% respondents were ambitious towards pharmacy field. Conclusion- More than half of the respondents were satisfied to choose pharmacy and their reason for choice was to serve the society which outstood other factors and were more inclined to depict their skills in the field of pharmacovigilance and as clinical pharmacists.

The environmental migration literature presents conflicting results: While some research finds that natural disasters induce international migration, other work discovers a dampening effect. We construct an innovative longitudinal provincial dataset for the Philippines, a country prone to natural disasters and a major exporter of labor. Using a comprehensive list of weather shocks, it is possible to identify major channels behind those conflicting findings. Filipinos are more likely to work abroad when they experience less-intense tropical cyclones and storm warnings but are more likely to stay when very intense storms occur or are forecasted.

Ha nyitott szemmel járunk a mindennapok során, akkor nem kerülheti el figyelmünket a hallgatói munkavégzés jelensége. Ezen tanulmány keretein belül az volt a célunk, hogy megvizsgáljuk a Debreceni Egyetem Gazdaságtudományi Karán első évfolyamon tanulmányaikat megkezdő hallgatók munkatapasztalatainak meglétét, későbbi elhelyezkedési terveit, jövedelmi igényeit. Emellett szakirodalmi vizsgálatok keretében elemezzük a hallgatói munkavégzéssel kapcsolatos legfontosabb forrásokat. A felsőoktatásba újonnan belépő hallgatók szemléletének változására fontos figyelmet fordítani, mivel tanulmányaik befejezése után aktív munkakeresővé válnak. A Debreceni Egyetem Gazdaságtudományi Karán a 2019/2020-as tanévben mintegy 2000 fő került felvételre, akik közül 1700 meg is kezdte a tanulmányait. A kutatásunkat ezen hallgatók bevonásával végeztük. Az adatfelvétel a Debreceni Egyetem által szervezett gólyatáborában résztvevő hallgatók körében történt. A felmérés kiterjed többek között a kezdő fizetési igények felmérésére, az eddigi munkatapasztalatokra, a jövőbeni tervekre, ehhez kapcsolódóan a külföldi munkavállalással kapcsolatos hajlandóságra, valamint arra, hogy mely tényezőket veszik figyelembe a munkahely választás során.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine how female expatriates mobilise couples’ dual-career coordination strategic choices to achieve their own and their partners’ desired career goals. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative research is based upon in-depth interviews with 20 dual-career female expatriates working in two case study oil and gas organisations. Findings Female expatriates use a series of tactics ranging from cooperation in maintaining a dual-career hierarchy, through to coordinating aspects of their own and their partners’ assignments, undertaking compatible industry roles and co-working (working together in the same organisation) to attempt to achieve a greater egalitarian international dual-career strategic outcome. Research limitations/implications This case analysis was based on a relatively small sample of female expatriates in heterosexual relationships working in oil and gas exploration. Further research in different sectors, with larger samples, and with male expatriates is also needed. Practical implications Employers should minimise periods of separation by focussing on coordinated assignment timings for both partners, facilitate suitable employment for both partners who wish to work abroad, and prioritise securing partner work visas. Social implications The inability to pursue desired dual-careers together while undertaking international assignments can be detrimental to couples’ relationships, potentially leading to unwillingness to expatriate and thereby deliver necessary skills in the host country. Originality/value The originality lies in identifying the tactics women use to enact dual-career coordination strategies, including coordinating assignment timings and locations to reduce separation and pursuing compatible roles to achieve egalitarian career and relationship outcomes. While women expected co-working in the same firm to facilitate dual-career mobility, its career outcomes were disappointing.

Migrant worker problems occur due to limited job opportunities & opportunities, income disparity and less productive use of income. Especially in Malang Regency in 2016 experienced an increase in the number of migrants by 21.8%. The purpose of this research is a strategy to develop the tourism potential of Migrant Villages to increase job opportunities. This study will be carried out in Donomulyo Subdistrict in the south-east region (32 - 70 km) from Malang City and concentrate on villages that have a potential migrant population who work abroad. The sampling technique is based on the random sampling method, number a sample of 69 with a 95% confidence level. The analysis of this research uses the SWOT analysis (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threats). Migrant Village, Donomulyo Subdistrict, has strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, strength is its good panoramas, adequate infrastructure and then has a distinctive tradition of good artistic activities. The weaknesses are that the road access is not good enough, there is less attention, it is prone to disasters and the human resources are insufficient or insufficient. Strategies because of strengths but have opportunities, the strategic undertaken in cooperation with travel agents, further agro-tourism development strategies and increasing cultural tourism attractions and development of Bumdes (Business entities in the village). Furthermore, the next strategy is if it is strong but has challenges, the strategy is to make tour packages by branding tourist villages. However, if there is a weakness and there is a chance the strategy is to improve the infrastructure for the procurement of tourist signs, add to tourist spots and organize a tourist information centre.

Unemployment is a serious problem that troubles the majority of countries in the world. The big problem is particularly long-term unemployment. Slovak economy is trying to deal with this problem already for a long time. Despite of the pronounced decline of unemployment rate in recent years, the high long-term unemployment persists in Slovakia. The aim of the article is therefore to evaluate the causes of long-term unemployment in Slovakia and its impact on the economy and on the migration of the labor force in search of work abroad. On the basis of the results of our research, we have found that one of the causes of long-term unemployment is uneven distribution of industry and a poor quality and inadequate infrastructure. This is particularly the case for unemployment in the southern and eastern Slovakia. Unemployment in Slovakia, especially in the last period, negative influences a discrepancy in the structure of the qualification and profession of unemployed people and vacancies. Another reason for the relatively high unemployment is the large number of people with low levels of education, especially in the eastern part of Slovakia. The result of high unemployment in this region are low wages, which often don not encourage these people to work, even if they would have found the job vacancy. Another reason for unemployment is sometimes unwillingness of people to migrate between regions of Slovakia for the work or travel for the work to the more distant town. This is linked with the underdeveloped and inefficient functioning of the market for rental flats. Living outside of the region of residence (in Slovakia) in most cases is significantly more expensive and therefore is not worthwhile for the unemployed people to seek the work outside their region. Therefore, many people solve the problem of unemployment and low wages in the migration for work abroad. This includes people with a lower, but also with high qualifications, who are looking for better valuation of their labour.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explain why entry-level job applicants intend to leave their home country to work abroad by adopting the framework of country embeddedness (i.e. career and community embeddedness). Design/methodology/approach Hypotheses are tested using survey data of a sample of prospective healthcare entry-level job applicants (i.e. last year medical students) using hierarchical regression analyses and bootstrapping procedures. Findings Results show that, first, home country career and community embeddedness are negatively associated with self-initiated expatriation intention (SIE-intention). Second, developmental feedback reduces SIE-intention. This relationship is at least partly due to increased home country career embeddedness. Third, national identity reduces SIE-intention. The relationship is at least partly due to increased home country community embeddedness. Originality/value This paper advances the understanding of SIE by focusing on home country factors associated with the decision to work abroad, whereas the majority of current research mainly considers host country variables.

Indonesian Workers (TKI) are domestic workers who work abroad. TKI is the largest foreign exchange earner for Indonesia. For official migrant workers, they will receive employment training conducted at the Overseas Employment Training Center which is managed by Indonesian Manpower Services Distributors as their suppliers abroad. Since the height of the news about Human Trafficking / non-procedural human trafficking has become a special concern by the Indonesian government, various ways of prevention are carried out by the government together with related official institutions. The author uses descriptive-qualitative research method, which is done by direct observation and in-depth interviews with the parties concerned, and the data collected later on analysis by descriptive analysis by describing the results of research in the form of research reports. With the holding of campaigns by the government and related institutions such as that carried out by PT Indotama Karya Gemilang about understanding the importance of the procedural process for migrant workers, they can add their understanding of the process procedurally.

Migration has become a vital element of the Bangladeshi economy, which has led to an increasing focus on providing Bangladeshis with the skills needed on the international labour market. English is often cited as one of these skills, and previous research has shown that a primary reason why Bangladeshis wish to learn English is due to its perceived value for pursuing work abroad (Erling, Elizabeth J., Philip Seargeant, Mike Solly, Qumrul H Chowdhury, & Sayeedur Rahman. 2012.Attitudes to English as a language for international development in rural Bangladesh. London: British Council. Available online athttp://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/publications/attitudes-english-a-language-international-development-rural-bangladesh.). The extent to which English is of value in economic migration, however, has been underexplored in research (Coleman, Hywel. 2010.The English language in development. London: British Council. Available athttp://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/publications/english-language-development.). Drawing on data from a qualitative study which provides new insights into the experiences and perceptions of a cohort of returnee migrants, this article investigates the perceived value of (English) language skills for migration. The study finds that economic migrants see the advantages of having particular skills, especially English, for economic gain. However, applying a capabilities lens to their narratives (Sen, Amartya. 1999.Development as freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press.) reveals the difficulties of classifying their experiences in terms of “success” given the deeply embedded structural issues and challenges the participants report facing. This article therefore questions assumptions that language skills can be transformational when social inequality is (re)produced in the context of migration.

ObjectivesTo report the numbers of consultant congenital cardiac surgeons and cardiologists who have joined and left UK practice over the last 10 years and explore the reasons for leaving.MethodsRetrospective observational questionnaire study completed between 11 June 2019 and 1 July 2020 by UK level 1 congenital cardiac centres of 10-year consultant staff movement and reasons suggested for leaving UK practice.ResultsAt survey completion there were 218 (202 whole time equivalent (WTE)) consultant cardiologists and surgeons working within level 1 centres made up of 39 (38 WTE) surgeons, 137 (128.5 WTE) paediatric cardiologists, 42 (35.5 WTE) adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) cardiologists. 161 (74%) consultants joined in the last 10 years of whom 103 (64%) were UK trained. There were 91 leavers giving a staff turnover rate 42% (surgeons 56%, paediatric cardiologists 42%, ACHD cardiologists 29%). Of those, leaving 43% moved to work abroad (surgeons 55%, paediatric cardiologists 40%, ACHD cardiologists 67%). Among the 65 reported reasons for leaving 16 were financial, 9 for work life balance, 6 to working conditions within the National Health Service (NHS) and 12 related to the profession in the UK including six specifically highlighting the national review process.ConclusionsThere has been a high turnover rate of consultant staff within UK congenital cardiac services over the last 10 years with almost half of those leaving moving to work overseas. Financial reasons and pressures relating to working in the NHS or the specialty in the UK were commonly reported themes for leaving. This has major implications for future planning and staff retention within this specialised service.

BACKGROUND Sub-Saharan Africa faces the highest relative need for health care workers in the world and the emigration of physicians significantly contributes to this deficit. Few studies have explored development of these patterns during medical education. This study investigates career aspirations of medical students in two African nations with similar Human Development Indices, but distinct differences in training structure to better inform retention strategies. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was administered in 2018 to medical students in Madagascar (University of Antananarivo, University of Mahajanga) and Tanzania (Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, KCMC). Outcomes included emigration/career intentions, and factors influencing these decisions. Analysis utilised chi-square and Fisher's exact tests (α

Introduction and Aims: Professionals working abroad as part of a partnership program is a central act of internationalization among higher education institutions. Little research has been carried out on this topic. The goal of this study was, therefore, to explore, describe and discuss the workplace learning factors – especially cultural factors – influencing Norwegian physiotherapy teachers, working in an international partnership project at a women’s university in Sudan. Methods: The study had a qualitative case-study design, intended to provide an in-depth understanding of workplace learning processes. We used a multifaceted approach which included individual interviews and document analyses. Results: We identified individual, social and institutional factors that influenced workplace learning. Culture is decisive at all levels, and knowledge, skills and attitudes are culturally situated. The Norwegian teachers’ learning was found to be dependent on both internal and external factors and the pre- and post-project periods. Conclusion: This study shows that a workplace perspective on the experience of Norwegian physiotherapy teachers gives us a better understanding of the important factors, associated with such a project. Working abroad not only requires preparation on the part of the sending and host institution but also from the person working abroad (prior to, during and after the stay abroad) if workplace learning is to occur. publishedVersion

Conference attendance is an important part of any career in academic computing, facilitating both the citations that are key for academic advancement, and the networking opportunities that result in job and collaboration opportunities. For some authors, though, the barriers to participation in academic conferences are significant: beyond having a paper accepted, logistical considerations around care responsibilities and financial considerations may limit participation. One axis along which these barriers become particularly obvious is gender: barriers to conference participation, particularly in distant locations, are higher for women, resulting in negative career impacts. Previous research established that women make up 41% of the authors for OzCHI in the five years from 2014-19, but how does this compare to other major conferences in HCI, such as CHI and DIS? We use a scientometric analysis to examine this question in this paper, finding that Australia-based women are under-represented in these conferences. This is likely to result in negative effects on the careers of female HCI academics in Australia, whether they remain here or attempt to find work abroad.

Job-related international mobility shapes life-courses and impacts self-initiated expatriates’ (SIEs’) careers abroad and upon return to the home country and thereafter. This chapter examines the evidence for the effect of expatriate experience on their careers and explores some of the factors that impact that. It discusses some of the similarities and differences in the motivations to work abroad, the types of career, and the outcomes for assigned expatriates (AEs) and SIEs. The chapter explains how those differences are relevant for understanding the influence of long-term international experience on careers. It approaches the diverse accounts of the effect of assignments on careers. Empirical studies of expatriates define career success as the accomplishment of desirable, positive psychological or work-related outcomes as a result of international experiences accumulated over time. While the expatriation literature has mostly concentrated on the micro level, as described previously, the organisational context into which self-initiated repatriates are embedded is crucial to grasping their career experiences.

Introduction The NHS is experiencing declining number of doctors entering specialist training. Additionally, the BMA reports travel as the main reason for taking time out of training. The Global Health Qualitative Evaluation Project (GH-QEP) is an innovative pilot scheme that aims to address this. We believe opportunities to work abroad for a short term within a training program will appeal to those considering leaving the NHS or as an alternative to time out of program. It also builds skills and understanding, enhancing long term development as clinicians. Design GH-QEP was a 4-week program based in Sierra Leone. Our team comprised of one paediatric and two GP trainees from the UK. Senior support was provided by UK and local consultants. The project consisted of qualitative evaluation of the Sierra Leone healthcare system post-Ebola through interviews of healthcare professionals and the public. The Ebola epidemic exposed an already stretched healthcare system within the country creating a climate of uncertainty. Significant effort implemented by the government and private organisations looked to rectify this. We received training in qualitative research methodology, and led the project design and implementation. Observing clinical practice in a variety of settings (hospital, rural feeding clinic, and district health unit) allowed hands-on experience of health issues in a challenging environment. Outcome Undertaking qualitative evaluation is an opportunity not routinely provided in UK specialty training programs. Through patient interviews we learnt about the impact of government policies, education, local health beliefs and priorities of rural and urban population. It allowed us to reflect on the assumptions which shape our own understandings of health, illness and healthcare provision. The positive examples of individual leaders who had observed shortfalls and designed solutions to respond to the health needs of their local population inspired us to adopt similarly proactive approaches in our own clinical practice. Living and working in Sierra Leone developed our personal resilience and was emotionally impactful. Overall, a short-term program like GH-QEP not only benefits trainees personally and professionally, it might help increase specialty trainee application and retention. Furthermore, it could be expanded to incorporate a binational exchange program.

Migration consequence what were caused by the economic crisis and easy opportunity to travel and work abroad will be felt in society for a long time. Latvia has lost a lot of people in working age and those who could improve demographic situation. They now live abroad, have their own company and establish families. All this is necessary for Latvia now, therefore would be useful to involve diaspora in business environment and innovation development. The aim of the research outlined in this article is by performing deeper analysis of diaspora’s survey of possible involvement of Latvian diaspora’s into entrepreneurship and innovation development in Latvia, by developing model for facilitation of cooperation between higher education institutions (HEIs) and science, governmental institutions, business representatives and society. Model is based on results of survey performed with Latvian diasporas in the world. Model is showing possible types of cooperation and help expected from Latvia’s institution’s side to improve level of diaspora representative’s involvement in economy, politics and everyday decisions in Latvia. Model is elaborated by using STELLA. This article is part of and supported by the state supported research project EKOSOC-LV, part 5.2.2. Gratitude to Institute of Social, Economic and Humanities research of Vidzeme University of Applied Sciences.

Every year millions of people are victims of modern-day slavery. According to unofficial data, the number of victims of trafficking in human beings in Ukraine amounts to 160,000 citizens annually. Trafficking in human beings is, according to experts, the third most profitable area of organized crime, especially in its transnational component, alongside arms and drug trafficking. The U.N.O. (United Nations Organization) Center for International Crime Prevention estimates that the global human trafficking market generates 12 $ billion annually. Moreover, there is reason to believe that the proceeds from the sale of people are contributing to the financial support of international terrorist activity. Thus, the scale of the problem of trafficking in human beings is impressive, so this problem requires immediate action. The article highlights the fate of Ukraine in terms of trafficking in human beings on the international level of practical and practical aspects of combating human trafficking. In the robots of daily understanding of the understanding of human trafficking, the main aspects of the robots of international companies are analyzed, the main steps of the powerful programs are characterized. On the basis of the analysis of regulatory documents, the difficult process of identifying international trafficking in persons was analyzed. In the process of completing the work of the robot, the main characterization of the scientific study of the problem and that of the base base was analyzed, the particularities of the difficult process of identifying international trafficking in human beings were analyzed. The process of taking into account the process of taking advantage of the international cooperation of the Ukrainian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the sphere of trafficking in human beings was taken into account. It is stated that the introduction of compulsory insurance in the domestic insurance companies of persons traveling abroad to work at the expense of enterprises, institutions and organizations engaged in employment of these persons abroad is urgent. It is necessary to carry out constant control over the activity of travel agencies, matrimonial agencies, as well as economic entities that are licensed to carry out business activities through mediation in employment for work abroad; to provide systematic clarification and consultations among the persons at risk, to provide them with qualitative assistance; to provide sociological and criminological studies of human trafficking problems, to summarize the data received and to submit appropriate proposals to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine; to work on the further study, comparative analysis, synthesis and dissemination in Ukraine of international experience in preventing and combating trafficking in human beings.

Objective The aim:To study self-assessment opportunities for primary care doctors' self-realization and their satisfaction with work during health care transformations in Ukraine. Patients and methods Materials and methods:To achieve this purpose, we compiled a questionnaire according to which an anonymous survey was conducted among 247 family doctors from six regions of Ukraine (Cherkasy, Zakarpattia, Odessa, Kirovohrad, Sumy, Kiev regions). In the study, we used the following research methods: sociological and medical-statistical. The method of mathematical statistics by applying Microsoft Excel 2013 was used to analyze research outcomes. Results Results:The obtained data on self-assessment opportunities for primary care doctors' self-realization show that most of the respondents are not satisfied with their work. At the same time, the older general practitioners - family doctors are, the less important self-realization becomes for them, due to a disturbing fact of a highly probable lack of job, which is the first priority problem they may face. The willingness to work abroad is reported more than twice as high among family doctors aged up to 47 years. According to family doctors, irrespective of their age, the priority problems to be solved were reported as follows: poor financings; insufficient material and technical resources of out-patient clinics of the general medical practice; the necessity of returning national clinical protocols; the incompetence of health management; not clearly established interconnection between different levels of health care system. Conclusion Conclusions:Family doctors in Ukraine have mostly unsatisfactory conditions for their self-realization. This fact has a significant influence on their willingness to change a job, especially among doctors of young age.

In the early 1960s, Peace Corps staff turned to American colleges and universities to prepare young Americans for volunteer service abroad. In doing so, the agency applied the university's modernist conceptions of citizenship education to volunteer training. The training staff and volunteers quickly discovered, however, that prevailing methods of education in the university were ineffective for community-development work abroad. As a result, the agency evolved its own pedagogical practices and helped shape early ideas of service learning in American higher education. The Peace Corps staff and supporters nonetheless maintained the assumptions of development and modernist citizenship, setting limits on the broader visions of education emerging out of international volunteerism in the 1960s. The history of the Peace Corps training in the 1960s and the agency's efforts to rethink training approaches offer a window onto the underlying tensions of citizenship education in the modern university.

This paper investigates economic happiness of skipped-generation families in rural north-eastern Thailand. The qualitative methodological approach was implemented in the study. Data collection was conducted in April - May 2018 and in-depth interview was used as a research instrument to collect data from two groups of key informants, including 1) community leaders, community seniors, and community commitees, In total eight persons, and 2) skipped-generation families living in a rural north-eastern region of Thailand, in total twenty families. Data analysis was done by the content analysis method. The study indicated that skipped-generation families are the familes with grandparents and grandchildren living together. Most families have an agricultural occupation, because they have a lot of land by inheritance and divided into two parts: housing and farming. Mostly agricultural income by sugar canes and farming can earn 2,400 USD per year. Moreover, remittances from international migrant only 450 USD per month is spent on family expenses and education of grandchildren. Some families do not have enoughmoney to invest in farming in the next year, and they have a lot more debt than 3,000 USD from a migrant who goes to work abroad. However, skipped-generation families have a perception of economic happiness "An empty hand is no lure for a hawk, no man is happy who does not think himself so" So, skipped-generation families must take this view to manage the economic situation of the family, even though the incomes are insuf-ficient to cover their living and lack of labor due to migrant workers going to work abroad. This affects the economic happiness of skipped-generation families to sustain their living in a rural society.SKIPPED-GENERATION FAMILIES:Economic Happiness in Rural North-Eastern Thailand

Moving Ukrainian citizens abroad is a state issue. The topic of Ukrainian citizens moving to work abroad is widely discussed by mass media, TV attracting attention of the entire society. Millions of working Ukrainian migrants, most of them work in Russia, in the countries of Western Europe and North America; make the state realize the importance of the problem how to assert the rights and freedom of its citizens. Nowadays, the majority of our country fellows remain abroad as illegal labour emigrants and the most discriminated and non-asserted category of foreigners. That is why a number of appeals to state authorities of Ukraine from the citizens who get into troubles abroad are increasing the appealers ask for help and protection. The article deals with the problem of illegal migration and human traffic. The authors determine the outside reasons and inside preconditions for human traffic. It describes the principal tendencies of illegal migration and main countries where human traffic takes place. The consequences of human traffic in Ukraine are determined. The authors suggest the model of counteraction to human traffic with the means of the state policy. The paper formulate the offers concerning the prospective and efficient measures of the state migration policy of Ukraine on the improvement of migration space, the regulation of population migration movement taking into account national priorities and regional features and migrants’ personal needs and prevention from migration threads to the national security of Ukraine.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors which influence individuals to take up international assignments in hostile environments (HEs). Using an intelligent careers (IC) perspective, an expanded framework of expatriation drivers to work in hostile contexts is developed that comprises individual, organizational and location-specific factors. In addition, the understanding of career capital acquisition and transfer is refined. Design/methodology/approach A “deviant” case study method to challenge the underlying assumptions of career capital maximization and transfer in global careers is used. To investigate the case, 25 individuals in an international development organization who had to decide whether to work in HEs were interviewed. Findings Five insights into decision drivers and career capital effects associated with postings to HEs are presented. These span all three levels of individual, organizational and location-specific decision factors. Research limitations/implications Due to the case study approach, the usual limitations of qualitative case-based research with respect to generalizability apply. In the conclusions three theoretical implications for the IC framework with respect to career capital acquisition, utilization and temporal effects are outlined. Practical implications A range of practical implications in relation to the selection, talent management, performance and reward approaches as well as repatriation and family considerations in global mobility are explored. Social implications The insights help organizations to design global mobility policies for HEs. In addition, individuals and their families benefit from greater clarity of global mobility drivers in the context of high risks. Originality/value The drivers of individuals to accept assignments to HEs are under-researched. This paper operationalizes and applies a holistic decision to work abroad framework, expands the literature on of the motivations of individuals and develops valuable insights to nuance the IC framework.

Taking into account the previous experience and the problem with the management of the housing has on the staff potential concening planting trees in the local areas at the city, we offer educational institutions to solve the problems of practical training and undergraduate practice with uncouventional innovative methods, which include:creation of studentі real and virtual enterprises where the freshmen would have passive and active practice. Modern legistative fromework allows to do it on the conditions which prove that this activity is educational and unorofitadle; in Ukraine there are state organizations "Regional supporfive funds for free enterprise". The aim of this fund in the realization of the national regional and local programs on development of small business. The fund gives free seminars and consultations on the problems of small and medium business. This work is held with senior pupils and students. Working with the fund a student has an opportunity to get practical skills in a definite field. Having got a certificate from "Resource center" of the fund. He can start and run his own business using his skills and knowledge. He can also use his experience to write a course and graduate work; educational institution can cooperate with secondary schools. Using their knowledge and skills students can organize educational enterprise signing an agreement on seasonal and permanent work with the school administration; the campaigns to involve students in practical work abroad are being held. This experience is very useful for gaining practical skills and getting advanced information about modern technologies in different fields. This fruitful work during holidays allows students to go on their practical activity as trainees and get a European certificate. This document fully guarantees being applied for a job after graduating an educational institution. For students whose parents live in the country can work in agricultural family business: a) they can grow fruits, vegetables or plants for landscape design; b) if their parents live near busy highways, student can open place for tourists have meal and rest; c) if the student's parents live in a beautiful place, students can start their own business on village tourism. Everything mentioned above can give students an opportunity to get an experience which is necessary when they apply for a job. During summer holidays some students and pupils stay in towns and cities. They can help to plant trees and flowers in local areas and look after them. Students who have already gained some knowledge can work as managers, cooperating with school administration and evolving pupils in some useful work.

Global leadership is a buzz word in today’s business world. It is not clearly defined however who global leaders are: Do they work abroad or with people from different nationalities? Are they themselves living abroad or having a cross-cultural background? Are they leading virtual or non-virtual teams? Do global leaders exist or is not every leader a global leader in today’s world? The following article gives a definition of global leadership and compares it with other leadership profiles: local, expat and glocal leadership. Another challenge about global leadership are the expectations towards this group of people: their expertise, skills and personality. Global leaders seem to be the answer to many questions of our globalised world. This paper describes the challenges global leaders encounter and the competencies they are supposed to dispose of. Interviews with global leaders and their teams show the way they deal with those challenges in practice. Finally, the results of the interviews help the leader discovering new opportunities to develop himself towards an inspiring global leader.

The volume Costuri sociale ale migratiei externe din Romania (Social Costs of External Migration from Romania), of the author Daniela Petronela Feraru, at its second edition, at the LUMEN Publishing House, aims to answer questions such as: “what are the reasons that cause the Romanians to leave at work abroad in increasing numbers, under what conditions legally or illegally are they leaving, the Romanians' perception of today's economic situation in Romania ”. The research is mainly qualitative, the analysis being carried out within a predominantly Romanian community in Turin, Italy.

Having qualified migrant workers to work abroad is necessary. Indonesia has been one among the other Asian countries to send most of its migrant laborers working in middle-class jobs in foreign countries. Pre- departure preparation is an important component in the preparation process and plays a key role in performing good personality in services. Despite their personal reasons and expectations for their life changes, most Indonesian migrant workers suffer from several major drawbacks. This study, therefore, gives an account of the integration of alternative methods for basic English teaching for housemaids candidates through a community development program in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. It aims to enable the workers with basic English for intercultural communication in the mainstream job market in target countries with a diversity of language and cultures. To date, various methods have been applied to measure the participants’ basic English ability and the participants are given basic English teaching for three months (March-May 2019). Thirty-five students departure were recruited for this study. To see if the selected methods are integrated for the practicality of basic English teaching, there was a comprehensive observation to find out whether the English teaching and learning run as contextual as possible. The results show that integrating Grammar-Translation Method, Contextual Language Teaching and Total Physical Response gives much to account for contextualizing students with a basic level of English to manage themselves in English for intercultural communication for housemaids tasks in the target countries. Findings of basic English teaching and learning practices are discussed contextually. Keywords: housemaids, basic English, methods, community development

The academic community has researched expatriate work for over five decades, but the problems identified in the 1960s persist. This study focuses on the assigned expatriate, defined as an individual on overseas assignment for his or her employer. It uses qualitative semi-structured interviews and a phenomenological approach to answer questions research has largely ignored: What are the distinctive characteristics of life and work as an assigned expatriate? How do assigned expatriates perceive their expatriate experience? The scope includes selection, preparation, life and work abroad, and repatriation, investigating the experiences of expatriates on assignments for the U.S. military, civil government, and the private sector. The purpose is to inform the human resource functions of job analysis and design, which are necessary guides to selection, training, evaluation, and compensation. The results should also inform potential expatriates of what they can expect, better informing their career and lifepath decision. The study concludes that the successful assigned expatriate’s experience during life and work abroad is defined by constant learning, the building of relationships vital to the expatriate’s success and well-being, and engagement with and adaptation to the new environment – particularly the host nation culture. The study also concludes assigned expatriates perceive their experience as transformative, permanently altering their self-image, worldview, and lifepath. Successful expatriates report a greater interest in other cultures and the world outside their borders, an increased ability to shift perspective, and a greater need to see the impact of their work.

Islam teaches that husbands are obliged to provide for their families. But not a few women are just working after they get married to help the family's economy. Family background that is not capable of causing people not to have higher education. Low education makes people work in the informal sector with relatively low salaries. The low salary received is not enough to meet daily needs, especially the needs of clothing and shelter. This shortage triggered the wives to work abroad with high salaries even though they worked in the informal sector. This study aims to describe the investment pattern of Indonesian female workers in Sikanco Village, Nusawungu, Cilacap District. The results of this study concluded that the informants who invest in savings are many but over time their savings are used up to meet their daily needs. The majority of female workers do not invest in deposits, only one person has ever invested in deposits. However, as time went on after returning to Indonesia, the deposit was used up because migrant workers did not have income, so they used the deposit money to sufficient needs. There are no migrant workers who invest in shares. This is because of the ignorance of the migrant workers and their families about investing in shares. The majority of informants invest in property because it is in the investment village because more investment villages are chosen. Investment in collectibles such as motorbikes and cars is quite attractive to informants because it can be used as a means of transportation. The majority of respondents invest in gold, because in addition to investing in gold can be used as jewelry. Many female workers who were respondents in this study kept foreign currency, but it ran out over time. There are no respondents who invest in bonds, because of the unknown knowledge of migrant workers and their families regarding bonds.

* Abbreviations: AAP — : American Academy of Pediatrics ABP — : American Board of Pediatrics APPD — : Association of Pediatric Program Directors ETC — : Education and Training Committee GH — : global health GHLC — : Global Health Learning Community GHTF — : Global Health Task Force LMIC — : low- and middle-income country SOICH — : Section on International Child Health Pediatric trainees are increasingly seeking global health (GH) educational opportunities, with ∼1 in 4 participating in a GH elective during residency.1,2 Training programs have responded to this demand: surveys suggest that ∼58% of residency and 47% of fellowship training programs offer GH electives.3,4 In accordance with best practices pertaining to short-term GH electives, many programs are attempting to build GH training opportunities beyond electives, including longitudinal GH curricula at their respective institutions, predeparture preparation training, postreturn debriefing, and global training partnerships.1,2,4–11 Concomitantly, educators are recognizing that all trainees, not just those planning to work abroad, need to learn about GH-related topics. The “local global health” framework12 highlights that diseases do not respect borders, resource limitation is not unique to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and core skills are necessary for all trainees caring for patients and families from (and going to) diverse settings. These skills include using interpreters effectively, caring for immigrants and travelers, employing … Address correspondence to Nicole E. St Clair, MD, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin–Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, H4/477 Mailcode 4108, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792-4108. E-mail: nstclair{at}wisc.edu

International audience

International audience; Objectives The study aimed to qualitatively examine the perspectives of US-based physicians and academic global health programme leaders on how global health work shapes their viewpoints, values and healthcare practices back in the USA.DesignA prospective, qualitative exploratory study that employed online questionnaires and open-ended, semi-structured interviews with two participant groups: (1) global health physicians and (2) global health programme leaders affiliated with USA-based academic medical centres. Open coding procedures and thematic content analysis were used to analyse data and derive themes for discussion.Participants 159 global health physicians and global health programme leaders at 25 academic medical institutions were invited via email to take a survey and participate in a follow-up interview. Twelve participants completed online questionnaires (7.5% response rate) and eight participants (four survey participants and four additionally recruited participants) participated in in-depth, in-person or phone semi-structured interviews.Results Five themes emerged that highlight how global health physicians and academic global health programme leaders perceive global health work abroad in shaping USA-based medical practices: (1) a sense of improved patient rapport, particularly with low-income, refugee and immigrant patients, and improved and more engaged patient care; (2) reduced spending on healthcare services; (3) greater awareness of the social determinants of health; (4) deeper understanding of the USA’s healthcare system compared with systems in other countries; and (5) a reinforcement of values that initially motivated physicians to pursue work in global health.Conclusions A majority of participating global health physicians and programme leaders believed that international engagements improved patient care back in the USA. Participant responses relating to the five themes were contextualised by highlighting factors that simultaneously impinge on their ability to provide improved patient care, such as the social determinants of health, and the challenges of changing USA healthcare policy.This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial.

Background In Gaza, 2 million people have been affected by more than 13 years of strict land, air, and sea blockades and three wars, during which over 4000 people have been killed and many more have been injured. Additional severe effects have been seen on lives, aspirations, and prospects. Given the conditions, medical students have many competing reasons for and against studying medicine abroad. We investigated motives, academic situations, and future plans of the upcoming generation of doctors in Gaza, occupied Palestinian territory. Methods We did a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study involving Palestinian medical students originally from Gaza who were studying at the largest five medical schools in Egypt (Cairo, Ain Shams, Alexandria, Mansoura, and Zagazig Universities). We used a self-designed questionnaire developed from previous similar studies and created on Google Forms (Google, Menlo Park, CA, USA). A pilot study of 37 participants was done to test the comprehensibility of questions and the time needed to complete the questionnaire. After being updated, the questionnaire was distributed in August and September, 2018, to individuals who provided verbal informed decision to participate. Analysis of the results was performed with SPSS version 22. Findings Of 453 questionnaires given to students, 340 (75%) were returned completed. The mean age of respondents was 21·7 (SD 1·8) years; 225 (66%) were men and 115 (34%) were women. Excellence was achieved in secondary school examinations (result ≥90%) by 315 (93%) of students, but only 26 (8%) of students achieved excellence in their first year of medical school (examination results ≥85%). 317 students (93%) reported that they chose their medical schools independently without pressure from their families. Among the 115 women, 70 (61%) went to a third party to persuade their parents to allow them to study abroad. Of ten motives to study medicine given in the questionnaire, “to relieve pains” and “childhood dream” were the most frequently selected among the 340 respondents, chosen by 228 (67%) and 208 (61%), respectively. 104 (31%) reported they were seeking freedom more than to study medicine. 214 (63%) of students had at least one relative who had been physically injured in or killed during of one of the wars in Gaza. Most students (n=278 [82%]) were delayed from starting at their medical school due to border closures and 189 (56%) had been unable to attend for at least one semester. Since starting at medical school, 269 (79%) of 340 respondents had visited Gaza only once or not at all. 55 (16%) intended never return to Gaza and 209 (62%) reported that they wanted to specialise and work abroad for a period and then return to Gaza. Of the remainder, 64 (19%) wanted to specialise abroad then return to work in Gaza, and 12 (3%) wanted to specialise and work in Gaza. Interpretation The motives, academic performance, and career prospects of Gazan medical students studying in Egypt are influenced in many ways by the situation in Gaza, some of which could worsen the already bad condition of medical care in Gaza. Awareness and supportive programmes for Gazan medical students should be encouraged to improve the quality of health care providers in Gaza. Funding None.

Communication is an important factor for the existence of Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) who work abroad. Based on the preliminary study, the communication conducted did not specifically discussing financial management. In fact, discussing financial management is very important for PMI to have a productive business so that it does not always work abroad. The purpose of this research is to explore PMI's online communication model with families in financial management. Qualitative research methods, descriptive nature. The informants were PMI who worked in Hong Kong and PMI's families in Lombok. Data collection with Interviews and FGD. Data Triangulation to BP2MI and KJRI Hong Kong. Results of the study: PMI communication patterns are carried out reciprocally, especially with family and colleagues. using WhatsApp. Communication is carried out periodically, especially during work holidays. The purpose of communication was to provide information about the conditions experienced by both PMI and their families. Communication messages talk about the financial needs of families but rarely talk about financial management for productive things. PMI's online-based communication model with families in financial management illustrates PMI and family communication ideally conveying messages on financial management for productive and savings businesses so that PMI has a productive business as a provision after not working abroad.

This paper examines how individuals select into job search in terms of their individual qualifications and perceptions and measures how recruiting additional applicants with a modest job-search subsidy affects selection. I use experimental evidence to examine individuals’ decisions to attend and participate in a job fair. Thirteen percent of invited but unsubsidized respondents attend the job fair, and they are positively selected from the overall distribution of respondents. While the subsidy attracts those who are less qualified and less confident in their ability to find work abroad, the least qualified do not search intensively. Although the subsidy does not lead to any additional offers, it induces individuals with a high degree of uncertainty about their likelihood of job-finding to apply with recruitment agencies. These results demonstrate the importance of imperfect information about the returns to search and highlight how reducing search costs can increase search effort among those most uncertain about their prospects.

Background and Purpose: The multinational companies require different approach of human resource management to achieve their goals. The reason is in employees who are working abroad, so-called expatriates. The purpose of the research is to investigate perceptions and experience of the expatriates working in one of the Slovenian multinational company. Design/Methodology/Approach: The online survey was performed among all expatriates working for the pharmaceutical company. The questionnaire was randomly sent and delivered in an electronic form, structured in an online program named 1ka (https://www.1ka.si). A total of all 12 questionnaires were completed fully and properly. Results: Results indicate that there are several reasons that expatriates went to work abroad, but none of them did not completely fulfilled the expectations of the expatriates. There are no differences between those expatriates who are working abroad up to 12 months and those who are working more than 12 months in their fulfilment of expectations working abroad for this company. Conclusion: Based on the findings, the study shows the expatriates importance factors for their contribution of working abroad for the company and fulfilment of their expectations. The results are useful for the employees that will be in the future involved in the expatriation process in this company.

Many parents who decided to work abroad as International migrant workers. They work for financial fulfilment. On the other hand, their children do not get more attention from them because the children are usually left by father/mother or both of them to work abroad and the children are at home just with their mothers or grandparents. This qualitative research was conducted in Karangwotan village, Pati, Central Java. The data showed three result: (1) problems faced by the children with parents as immigrant in getting Islamic education are that they do not have the real model in the family and there was no father/mother or both of them who teach and educate in the family; (2) there is just little parents’ influence to children’s islamic education. It is just such kind of order, suggestion and advice; and (3) for getting the islamic education, the children with parents as immigrant workers join several islamic programs. They are Taman Pendidikan Qur’an (TPQ) or Program of Qur’an Education, Madrasah Ibtidaiyyah or Islamic Elementary School, and the islamic courses.

Consultant Outcomes Publication (COP) has the longest history in cardiothoracic surgery, where it was introduced in 2005. Subsequently COP has been broadened to include all surgical specialties in NHS England in 2013–14. The Association of Surgeons in Training (ASiT) fully supports efforts to improve patient care and trust in the profession and is keen to overcome potential unintended adverse effects of COP. Identification of these adverse effects is the first step in this process: Firstly, there is a risk that COP may lead to reluctance by consultants to provide trainees with the necessary appropriate primary operator experience to become skilled consultant surgeons for the future. Secondly, COP may lead to inappropriately cautious case selection. This adjusted case mix affects both patients who are denied operations, and also limits the complexity of the case mix to which surgical trainees are exposed. Thirdly, COP undermines efforts to train surgical trainees in non-technical skills and human factors, simply obliterating the critical role of the multidisciplinary team and organisational processes in determining outcomes. This tunnel vision masks opportunities to improve patient care and outcomes at a unit level. It also misinforms the public as to the root causes of adverse events by failing to identify care process deficiencies. Finally, for safe surgical care, graduate retention and morale is important – COP may lead to high calibre trainees opting out of surgical careers, or opting to work abroad. The negative effects of COP on surgical training and trainees must be addressed as high quality surgical training and retention of high calibre graduates is essential for excellent patient care.

There are five components ofdemographics , namely ; birth , death , migration , social mobility , and m arriage. This study focuses onthe migration of people , commonly called circular migration . Population growth and economic issues , namely the narrowness of employment in Indonesia and the salary promised to be the cause . In Indonesia, this migration is called Indonesian Workers ( TKI), both menand women.The majority of Indonesian people's livelihood is asrice farmers, whose results are not sufficient.Naturally, the majority of the Indonesian people become motivated to work abroad . This study focuses on one of the countries in Southeast Asia , namely Singapore with consideration of the number of Indonesian migrant workers who work in Singapore .

Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that infects cells of the immune system, destroying or damaging the function of cells of the immune system. This makes the immune system becomes weaker, and people become more liable to infection. A lot of new detected HIV transmission source comes from former workers who work abroad. The challenge in dealing the number of transmission performed comprehensive care of patients and their family empowerment and peer support groups. The aimed of this study was to develop the ability of a family of Indonesian Workers who are infected with HIV and Peer Support Group in independence of care. Methods: This study was used an explanatory design and quasy-experimental. Population in this study were the closest family who care for patients infected with HIV during work abroad as migrant workers in East Java. Samples were selected using simple random sampling technique. The independent variable was the peer group and family support, the dependent variable is the level of independence of care on the respondent. Data were collected using a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability and results were tested using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with alpha ≤0.05. Results: The results showed that this method can improve the independence of the family of the HIV-infected client care during labor as migrant workers abroad with a significance value of p=0.004. Conclusion: Empowerment of family and peer group support can be used to increase the independence of families and patients in the treatment of HIV-infected patients during work abroad as migrant workers. Future studies are expected to use a larger sample.Keywords: empowerment of the family, peer group support, independence treatment, TKI (Indonesian Labor), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

This study aims to determine the investment pattern of TKI in Lembeyan District, Magetan Regency. There are 15 informants who have worked abroad with 1 departure. This type of research is qualitative with data collection techniques, observation, interviews, documentation, and triangulation. Data analysis in this study used data reduction, data presentation and data verification. The results of this study indicate: (1) The people of Lembeyan District, Magetan Regency, decided to become migrant workers because they wanted to improve their economic conditions and seek investment capital. (2) The attractiveness of becoming a TKI is due to the high salary and environmental influences. (3) The TKI's income is sufficient to make investments. (4) TKI divides their income to send it to their families and save it. (5) TKI can arrange expenses as needed. (6) their finances after working abroad are sufficient for their needs. (7) TKI understands investment. (8) TKIs have financial plans before retiring from work abroad. (9) Almost all TKI from Lembeyan have no investment barriers. (10) Property investment is the most preferred choice for TKI Lembeyan

ObjectivesGlobalisation has given medical university students the opportunity to pursue international electives in other countries, enhancing the long-term socialisation of medical professionals. This study identified the long-term effects of international electives on the professional identity formation of medical students.DesignThis is a qualitative study.SettingThe authors interviewed Japanese medical professionals who had completed their international electives more than 10 years ago, and analysed and interpreted the data using a social constructivism paradigm.ParticipantsA total of 23 medical professionals (mean age 36.4 years; range 33–42 years) participated in face-to-face, semistructured in-depth interviews.ResultsDuring the data analysis, 36 themes related to professional identity formation were identified, and the resulting themes had five primary factors (perspective transformation, career design, self-development, diversity of values and leadership). It was concluded that international electives for medical students could promote reflective self-relativisation and contribute to medical professional identity formation. Additionally, such electives can encourage pursuing a specialisation and academic or non-academic work abroad. International electives for medical students could contribute to medical professional identity formation on the basis of cross-cultural understanding.ConclusionsThis study addressed a number of issues regarding the long-term impact of international elective experiences in various countries on the professional identity formation of Japanese medical professionals. This study offers some guidance to mentors conducting international electives and provides useful information for professional identity formation development in medical professionals.

Saxenian's concept of "brain circulation" suggests that the information technology sectors of developing countries benefit from having their brightest talent move and work abroad, as some then return home with new skills and networks. This accelerates economic growth within their country of origin. A key first step for good brain circulation is the initial emigration of a country's talent. We consider this issue for Bangladesh - which compared with India has seen far less brain circulation - and focus on university students' aspirations for careers abroad. Based on a survey distributed to 595 undergraduate IT students, we find that students' aspirations bifurcate into those hoping to work in English-speaking developed countries and those expecting to remain in Bangladesh.

During the period between 2008&ndash, 2013, the internal market in Spain was characterized by economic crisis, the contraction of the demand experienced in a turbulent business environment, and strong competition among companies. This situation forced many of these companies to work abroad. One of the success factors for Spanish engineering companies abroad has been effective risk management, which avoids compromising the company&rsquo, s objectives, market share, or survival. This article examines the importance of risk management in the success of Spanish engineering consulting firms in the international construction market. Ten executives of Spanish engineering companies with international experience were interviewed, analyzing the importance of risk management for them in the success of internationalization compared with other success factors. The results show that the size of the companies interviewed has no influence on the importance that they gave to risk management, but international experience does relate to the assessment of risk identification and management as a success factor. In addition, companies considered risk management a key factor for optimizing their performance in foreign markets.

As the world continues to become more connected by technology, commerce, and international travel, it is critical for all healthcare professionals to understand the growing role of global health and to learn from this dynamic field. The definition of “global health” continues to evolve as new challenges, regulations, and innovations are constantly emerging which may add new dimensions (and solutions) to already complex health and social issues around the world. Healthcare professionals with this interest may look for opportunities to study these issues formally in master’s degree or certificates in global health, to see how their research could impact global populations, and to work abroad on the ground. This chapter is designed to give a general overview of the key components of global health and the important aspects of this field to consider when looking at a practice and career in global health.