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Developing the knowledge and the skill to master academic writing in higher education constitutes a challenge for most undergraduate students. However, learning about this genre in time of internationalization opens students´ doors to the wide world of academia. Thus, some undergraduate students were invited to become members of a Writing Feedback Center in which they worked with a tutor and a self-assessment sheet on different writing assignments following a process approach to writing. In this work we analyzed students’ and tutors’ perceptions on self-assessment in relation to the development of their academic skill. Developing the knowledge and the skill to master academic writing in higher education constitutes a challenge for most undergraduate students. However, learning about this style of writing opens students’ doors to the wide world of academia. Thus, some undergraduate students were invited to become members of a Writing Feedback Center in which they worked with a tutor and a self-assessment sheet on different writing assignments following an eclectic approach to writing. In this work we analyzed students’ and tutors’ perceptions on self-assessment in relation to the development of their academic skill.

Summary Objective To verify the immediate effects of voiced gargling on the electrical activity of extrinsic laryngeal muscles and vocal self-assessment. Methods A sample of 20 individuals of both sexes, mean age of 31.95 (±11.57) years, were equally divided in two groups according to the presence or absence of vocal complaint. Both groups were evaluated by surface electromyography of the suprahyoid (SH) and infrahyoid (IH) muscle areas during rest, phonation of the sustained vowel [Ɛ] in habitual and strong intensities; phonation of rising and falling glissando; and counting from 1 to 10. Surface electromyography was assessed before and after the voiced gargling exercise, which lasted 1 minute. All participants self-rated their voice and phonatory comfort after the exercise. Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were applied, as well as Fisher's exact test and linear-to-linear test. The level of significance was 5%. Results The percentage of electrical activity of the SH muscle area decreased in the glissando and counting tasks in the group with vocal complaint, as well as in phonation of sustained vowel in strong intensity in the group without complaint. Decrease was also observed in the right IH muscle area at rest and during sustained vowel phonation at habitual and strong intensities. Percentage of muscular electrical activity was lower in the group with complaint in the following situations: IH muscle area on both sides, at rest and during habitual phonation of sustained vowel and glissando before and after the exercise; right IH muscle area, during counting and strong phonation of sustained vowel before and after exercise; left IH muscle area, in the counting task, just after intervention. Most participants noticed improvement in voice (70%) and phonatory comfort (65%). Conclusions Voiced gargling during 1 minute promotes immediate effects on the electrical activity of the extrinsic laryngeal muscles in individuals with or without vocal complaint. Most individuals reported improved voice and phonatory comfort after exercise.

Background General surgery residency graduates are expected to be proficient in straightforward endocrine operations. This study aimed to elucidate residents’ self-assessment of their ability to perform common endocrine procedures. Methods A fourteen-question survey was emailed to general surgery residents from seven U.S. residency programs regarding their self-assessed ability to perform each step of a straightforward thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy. Demographics and perceived ability to perform the various procedures were collected. Results A minority of respondents (17, 27.9%) agreed they could complete a straightforward thyroidectomy for benign disease, with only 11.7% (n = 7) agreeing they could complete a straightforward thyroidectomy for malignant disease. 26.2% (n = 16) of respondents agreed they could complete a straightforward parathyroidectomy. Completed number of cases was significantly associated with greater self-assessed ability to perform the endocrine operations (p = 0.02). Conclusions Most general surgery residents surveyed did not feel capable of performing common, straightforward endocrine procedures. Although confidence in operative ability increased with PGY-level and number of cases completed, the majority of PGY-5 residents still did not feel able to perform a thyroidectomy for malignant disease unassisted.

Background: Before embarking on a career as an independent specialist anaesthesiologist, graduates must be assessed as being fit for purpose (FFP). Graduate self-assessment both at qualification and at a later time may be useful in assessing their fitness for purpose and its change over time. Methods: This quantitative, descriptive study included recent national anaesthesiology graduates. Each participant scored their own preparedness for competences deemed appropriate by national experts via an electronic survey at two separate time intervals. Nine meta-competences (i.e. Medical Expert, Communicator, Collaborator, Leader, Health Advocate, Scholar, Professional, Context Awareness and Humaneness) together with 101 component enabling competences, were assessed. Participants scored their preparedness for each competence using a 4-point Likert scale (1 – completely unprepared; 2 – somewhat prepared; 3 – prepared; 4 – completely prepared). During analysis, competences scored as 1 and 2 were considered as unprepared and competences scored as 3 and 4 as prepared. Scores given at the time of graduation were compared with those given after 12 months’ experience. Results: The overall response rate was 79%. At graduation, graduates felt prepared for seven of the nine meta-competences (i.e. Medical Expert, Collaborator, Communicator, Professional, Scholar, Context Awareness and Humaneness), and felt unprepared for the Leader and Health Advocate meta-competences. After 12 months, graduates felt prepared for all nine meta-competences but perceptions of preparedness for 14% (14 of 101) of the enabling competences had declined. Conclusion: At graduation, South African anaesthesiology graduates consider themselves unprepared for the meta-competences of Leader and Health Advocate, both comprising predominantly non-technical skills (NTS). The graduates’ perceptions at the time of graduation suggest that they are not fully prepared and may, therefore, not yet be fit for purpose as specialists. Graduates’ selfassessment longitudinally reflects that their perceptions of being fit for purpose change after a period of time and with specialist experience.

Background The aim of this study was to investigate which factors patients considered to be important for determining the degree of cosmetic satisfaction with regards to perceived body image after previous breast-conserving therapy (BCT). Methods Outcomes considered relevant by the patients were first identified using interviews. A questionnaire based on this group input was then devised and added to the physician-based Sneeuw questionnaire. Next, a quantitative study using this questionnaire was conducted in Dutch patients treated at least 6 months earlier for (non-) invasive breast cancer by BCT. Exclusion criteria were: previous mastectomy or BCT of the contralateral breast, BCT with nipple resection, metastatic disease, local recurrence or (previous) plastic breast surgery. Descriptive statistics were used throughout. Results A total of 149 patients (aged 36–87 years) completed the questionnaire. From this focus group input, the top three factors in overall importance (important or very important) for satisfaction were: ‘wearability of bra’ (67%), ‘breast sensitivity’ (59%) and ‘asymmetry’ (51%). Younger patients ( 55 years). Time since BCT did not significantly influence the rating of relevant factors. Conclusion Patients consider ‘wearability of bra’, ‘breast sensitivity’ and ‘asymmetry’ as the most important factors when assessing their satisfaction with regards to cosmetic outcome and body image. These factors should be addressed in routine clinical practice during (pre) counseling.

Objectives To assess the feasibility, acceptability, and psychometric properties of the self-report version of the interRAI Check-Up (CUSR). Design Cross-sectional study of participant ratings of item content and difficulty completing the CUSR. Participants were also randomly assigned to complete the assessment by themselves or with help from a lay interviewer. Settings and Participants A total of 184 older adults from diverse backgrounds, served by 6 Canadian organizations in Ontario and Nova Scotia were recruited. Settings ranged from retirement communities for healthy older adults to assisted living facilities. Measures/Methods Time to complete the interRAI CUSR was tracked automatically. Participants self-reported on what items they wanted to have modified, added, or deleted. The also rated whether items were embarrassing or difficult to complete. Psychometric properties were examined between the 2 approaches to completion and were benchmarked against existing reports on psychometric properties of clinician-led home care assessments. Results The interRAI CUSR takes about 28 minutes to complete with both self-administered and lay interviewer approaches. The convergent validity and reliability of CUSR is comparable to those of clinician-based assessments like the Resident Assessment Instrument-Home Care. Most participants had no difficulty completing the assessment, and none rated the task as very difficult. Poor self-rated health and difficulty with phone use were predictive of any difficult in completing the assessment in a multivariate logistic regression. Most participants reported that CUSR adequately described their health needs, but arthritis, hypertension, and mental health issues were identified as items to be added by participants. Conclusions and Implications The CUSR is an appropriate, feasible assessment system with good psychometric properties for use with general populations, including primary care, community services, and patient-reported outcome measurement studies. Interoperability with other interRAI assessments makes it an ideal system to use to obtain a longitudinal view of the person's needs over time.

Kompleksowość kliniczna pacjenta oznacza wieloaspektowość problemów jednostki w podejściu biopsychospołecznym, w którym ocenia się, czy pacjent doświadcza trudności w sferze biologicznej, w życiu psychicznym, społecznym i w zakresie opieki zdrowotnej. Skuteczna, całościowa ocena pacjenta podczas procesu leczenia ma kluczowe znaczenie dla efektywnej pracy publicznej ochrony zdrowia i zapewnia pacjentom indywidualną, holistyczną i kompleksową opiekę zdrowotną. Pacjenci, którzy nie zawsze są w stanie samodzielnie szukać pomocy, wymagają zapewnienia kompleksowej opieki, skutecznej diagnostyki we wczesnych stadiach choroby oraz pomocy w koordynacji i kontynuacji leczenia. Kompleksowość kliniczna dotyczy pacjentów wielu dziedzin medycyny, ale przede wszystkim medycyny ratunkowej, chorób wewnętrznych, geriatrii, psychiatrii i podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej. Brak dostępu do kompleksowej opieki zdrowotnej z podejściem biopsychospołecznym ogranicza dobór najodpowiedniejszych opcji terapeutycznych, ich jakość oraz satysfakcję chorego. Istnieje kilka narzędzi do badań przesiewowych pod kątem kompleksowości klinicznej, takich jak: platforma INTERMED, INTERMED Self-Assessment, INTERMED dla osób starszych, INTERMED dla osób starszych Self-Assessment i Kwestionariusz prawdopodobieństwa ponownego przyjęcia (Probability of Repeated Admission). Co ważniejsze, istnieją również interwencje, które można wykorzystać do zarządzania kompleksową i skuteczną opieką nad pacjentem, takie jak: Zarządzenie przypadkiem (Case Management), Udostępnianie informacji (Information Sharing) oraz Samozarządzanie (Self-Management). Badania przesiewowe i interwencje razem mogą być bardzo efektywne w pomocy pacjentom, wymagającym kompleksowej opieki oraz w zapewnieniu dobrze zorganizowanej, wysokiej jakości opieki zdrowotnej z ukierunkowanym na pacjenta biopsychospołecznym podejściem.

Background Discrepancies between parents' reports of paternal parenting have been gaining attention, but epidemiological evidence is scarce in Asia. This study aimed to clarify agreement/discrepancy between paternal and maternal recognition of paternal parenting, and the association between actual paternal parenting time and background factors. Methods Data from couples whose children attended 4-month-child health check-ups in Fukushima City were analyzed (N = 509). Based on paternal recognition of paternal parenting (PRPP) and maternal recognition of paternal support (MRPS), couples were classified into four groups. Each group's paternal household work and parenting time were analyzed. Univariable and multivariable analysis were performed to investigate the association between agreement/discrepancy and background factors of children and parents. Results Frequency of positive agreement (PRPP+ and MRPS+) was 83.9%, whereas negative agreement (PRPP- and MRPS-) was 2.6%. As for discrepancy, PRPP+ and MRPS- was 8.4% and PRPP- and MRPS+ was 5.1%. Fathers' total median parenting time was 2 (weekdays) and 6 (weekends) hours, and showed significant differences among the four groups. Multivariable analysis revealed that compared to positive agreement, maternal mental health condition and pregnancy intention were significantly associated with the discrepancy PRPP+ and MRPS-, paternal mental health condition and marital satisfaction with the discrepancy PRPP-and MRPS＋, and maternal mental health condition with negative agreement. Conclusions We identified differences in parenting time and mental health characteristics among couples depending on agreement/discrepancy in recognition of paternal parenting. Assessing both parents' profiles is necessary in clinical practice to promote paternal participation in childcare.

Both student feedback literacy and self-assessment are crucial for developing self-regulated and lifelong learning in higher education. The relationship between these two concepts is important but ...

Background The aim of the present paper is to construct an emulator of a complex biological system simulator using a machine learning approach. More specifically, the simulator is a patient-specific model that integrates metabolic, nutritional, and lifestyle data to predict the metabolic and inflammatory processes underlying the development of type-2 diabetes in absence of familiarity. Given the very high incidence of type-2 diabetes, the implementation of this predictive model on mobile devices could provide a useful instrument to assess the risk of the disease for aware individuals. The high computational cost of the developed model, being a mixture of agent-based and ordinary differential equations and providing a dynamic multivariate output, makes the simulator executable only on powerful workstations but not on mobile devices. Hence the need to implement an emulator with a reduced computational cost that can be executed on mobile devices to provide real-time self-monitoring. Results Similarly to our previous work, we propose an emulator based on a machine learning algorithm but here we consider a different approach which turn out to have better performances, indeed in terms of root mean square error we have an improvement of two order magnitude. We tested the proposed emulator on samples containing different number of simulated trajectories, and it turned out that the fitted trajectories are able to predict with high accuracy the entire dynamics of the simulator output variables. We apply the emulator to control the level of inflammation while leveraging on the nutritional input. Conclusion The proposed emulator can be implemented and executed on mobile health devices to perform quick-and-easy self-monitoring assessments.

Accurate self-assessment of knowledge and technical skills is key to self-directed education required in surgical training. We aimed to investigate the presence and magnitude of cognitive bias in self-assessment among a cohort of surgical interns.First-year general surgery residents self-assessed performance on a battery of technical skill tasks (knot tying, suturing, vascular anastomosis, Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Skills peg transfer and intracorporeal suturing) at the beginning of residency. Each self-assessment was compared to actual performance. Bias and deviation were defined as arithmetic and absolute difference between actual and estimated scores. Spearman correlation assessed covariation between actual and estimated scores. Improvement in participant performance was analyzed after an end-of-year assessment.Participants (N = 34) completed assessments from 2017 to 2019. Actual and self-assessment scores were positively correlated (0.55, P.001). Residents generally underestimated performance (bias -4.7 + 8.1). Participants who performed above cohort average tended to assess themselves more negatively (bias -7.3 vs -2.3) and had a larger discrepancy between self and actual scores than below average performers (deviation index 9.7 + 8.2 vs 3.8 + 3.1, P.05). End-of-year total scores improved in 31 (91.2%) participants by an average of 11 points (90 possible). Least accurate residents in initial self-assessments (deviation indices75th percentile) improved less than more accurate residents (median 5 vs 16 points, P.05). All residents with a deviation index75 percentile underestimated their performance.Cognitive bias in technical surgical skills is apparent in first-year surgical residents, particularly in those who are higher performers. Inaccuracy in self-assessment may influence improvement and should be addressed in surgical training.

Purpose Providing higher education institutions (HEIs) with a tool for self-assessing their social responsibility (SR) that generates the information and knowledge necessary to a strategic approach to adopting the Green Paper recommendations about the SR of HEIs. Setting out the collaborative policy development process to construct the tool “Indicators of SR of HEIs” (ISRHEI). Design/methodology/approach After a literature review, including self-assessment (SA) tools and leading guidelines, a working group of 24 Portuguese HEIs was created to co-construct the ISRHEI tool, which was then subject to validation in a pilot study. Findings There are 34 indicators in the ISRHEI tool, structured by sequential levels according to the HEI alignment with SR (policies, procedures, practices and monitoring along a strategic continuum) hoping to achieve impacts on the organisational, educational, cognitive and social level. Originality/value This is an innovative and national policy development process for SR in Portugal. It gives insights into guiding documents, SA indicators for SR and the process of developing consensus on this topic amongst 24 HEIs in Portugal. The ISRHEI tool is tailored to the specific characteristics and level of development of HEIs.

Competences are the most important career capital a university graduate can have. The objective of the paper is to determine which competences acquired at tourism degree programmes affect students’ self-assessment regarding their own competitive advantage on the labour market. The data was collected during a nationwide diagnostic survey (N = 476) carried out at ten Polish universities among students finishing their tourism degree courses. Principal component analysis allowed us to identify a set of competences that have a significant impact on the students’ perception of their chances of finding employment in the tourism industry. These are: ability to cope with challenges and stress; writing and speaking skills in a foreign language; public speaking; planning and implementation of subject-specific projects; ability to conduct subject-specific research and perseverance. The higher the assessment of each of the above, the more confident of their competitive advantage on the labour market the students were., Highlights Self-assessment of competences credibly corresponds to the students' perception of their career potentialCompetences are the fundamental career capital of recent university graduatesPCA helps identify a set of competences that determine self-perception of one’s competitive advantage on the labour marketSeven competences determine how students of tourism degree courses assess their chances on the Polish labour marketThe topic of tourism degree graduates’ competences in relation to their situation on the labour market is still an under-researched area

Objective Periodontal examinations are time-consuming and potentially uncomfortable for recipients. We modelled if self-reported questions alone, or combined with objective evidence of periodontal bone loss observable from radiographs, are accurate predictors of periodontitis. Methods Self-reported data from the Australian National Survey of Adult Oral Heath 2004-06 were compared with clinical periodontal examinations to assess the validity of 8 periodontitis screening questions in predicting moderate/severe periodontitis. To model alveolar bone loss, a proxy variable simulating radiographic clinical attachment level (rCAL) was created. Three multivariable binary logistic regression models were constructed: responses to 8 screening questions alone (Model 1), screening questions combined with 5 classic periodontitis risk indicators (age, sex, smoking status, country of birth, and diabetes status) (Model 2), and the addition of rCAL (Model 3). Predictive validity was determined via sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) scores and graphically represented using area under the receiver operator characteristic curves (AUROC). Results Data from 3630 participants periodontally examined determined that 32.4% exhibited periodontitis. Periodontitis risk indicators were all significantly associated with periodontitis case status. Six of 8 screening questions (Model 1) were weak periodontitis predictors (Se = 0.28; Sp = 0.89; AUROC = 0.61). Combining 13 variables for (Model 2) improved prediction (Se = 0.55; Sp = 0.81; AUROC = 0.77). The addition of rCAL (Model 3) improved diagnostic capacity considerably (AUROC = 0.86). Conclusions Self-reported questions combined with classic risk indicators are “useful” for periodontitis screening. Addition of radiographs markedly improved diagnostic validity. Based on modelling, nondental health care professionals may provisionally screen for periodontitis with minimal training.

People with focal epilepsies are known to under-document their seizures, but there is no data on self-documentation in adults with genetic (idiopathic) generalized epilepsy (GGE/IGE). We assessed the accuracy of self-evaluation of typical absences (TA) or myoclonic seizures (MS) in adults with IGE based on home video-EEG telemetry (HVET). Patients' own estimates were compared to the objective count of definite TA and MS, performed visually. We considered definite TA as generalized spike-wave discharges (GSWD) that met any of the following criteria: 1) coinciding with clear behavioural arrest on video, 2) followed after a few seconds by positive indication that an absence occurred, or 3) in the absence of video, consistently coinciding with clear motor arrest, as evidenced by interruption of continuous muscle activity. For each patient, we also classified probable TA as GSWDs that were longer than those corresponding to the shortest definite TA on HVET or based on the most recent sleep-deprived EEG (SDEEG). From the first 300 consecutive adults who had HVET, 24 had IGE with TA and / or MS; 23 were women. Only one patient had newly diagnosed IGE. Erroneous self-assessment of TA and MS was noted in 16/24 patients (66.7%). Seizures were overestimated in nine (37.5%) and underestimated in seven (29.2%). Only one patient (4.2%) documented all her TA and MS without false-positive estimates. Overestimation (but not underestimation) of TA on HVET could be predicted when patients reported daily or multiple weekly TA and a recent SDEEG was either normal or contained only subclinical GSWD (p=0.0095). Under- and over-self-documentation of TA and MS occurred in two thirds of adults with GGE/IGE, with substantial impact on their outpatient management and treatment. Diagnostic HVET is a useful tool for the detection of erroneous self-evaluation in these patients.

Introduction: The implementation of culturally competent healthcare services has been considered a key strategy for the provision of patient-centered care; however, a need remains to address the requirements of teaching cultural competence, including identifying gaps, designing and evaluating curricula, and assessing students' progress toward program objectives. The objective of this study was to explore the applicability of the Self-Assessment of Perceived Level of Cultural Competence (SAPLCC) questionnaire in the identification of improvement areas in cultural competence content in pharmacy curricula. Methods: This study used previously-collected SAPLCC data from student pharmacists at eight United States pharmacy schools. Total and factor-specific SAPLCC scores were calculated based on the 14 factors published previously and grouped into six domains (knowledge, skills, attitudes, encounters, abilities, and awareness). Differences in overall scores by domain and factors across various student characteristics were examined using analysis of variance. Results: The overall mean total SAPLCC score was classified as moderate. Third-year students had significantly higher SAPLCC mean scores than first-year students, and African American students scored significantly higher than their counterparts. At the factor-level, students scored higher in the Attitudes and Awareness domains and scored lower in the Knowledge, Skills, and Encounters domains. Conclusions: The application of the SAPLCC in schools participating in this preliminary study allowed for the identification of content areas that may benefit from revision. The SAPLCC may be a useful tool for mapping cultural competence curricular content by each specific domain and identifying areas of potential improvement regarding cultural competence training within pharmacy curricula. Dr. Margarita Echeverri's contribution was supported in part by funds from the Health Resources and Services Administration of the US Department of Health and Human Services under grant number (No.) D34HP00006; the Research Centers in Minority Institutions Program of the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) grant No. 2U54MD007595; the Xavier's NIMHD funded Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities Research and Education grant No. 5S21MD0000100, and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences' funded Louisiana Clinical and Translational Science Center grant No. U54GM104940. The contents and views in this manuscript are those of the authors and should not be construed to represent the views of the National Institutes of Health and other funders.

Background Invasive species affect the social, economic and health aspects of many farmers and are known to cause major losses with considerable costs spent on management. Several international agreements recognise the threat caused by invasive species which signatories have an obligation to manage. This paper sets out a framework and method for assessing the performance and responsiveness of a country’s invasive species system. The objective is to engage with key actors within an invasive species system using a participatory approach to determine the strengths, weaknesses and functioning of the invasive species system. The aim is to understand the system as it currently stands and to identify opportunities and challenges from various actor’s perspectives. Method The first step was to define an invasive species system and its component parts including the functions, expected outputs and contextual factors. A range of indicators and participatory tools were developed to measure system performance. The process includes a desk review, stakeholder workshop and key informant interviews. The approach was piloted in Kenya. Results Actors who are active in managing invasive species were identified and engaged. The assessment process provided insights into the current functioning of the invasive species system. A number of key challenges were identified, for instance, the lack of finance, governance and leadership, as major barriers to effective system performance, alongside the lack of a central coordinating body to guide invasive species management. Conclusion The systems approach developed helped in facilitating the engagement of key actors within a country’s invasive species system. The actors performed a self-assessment of the current system status and determined what is required to move towards more effective management of invasive species. Participants responded positively to the framework and process developed, which contributed to developing ownership and clear steps forward towards a more pro-active, rather than reactive, approach in the management of invasive species.

Tax is the main income of the State. Unfortunately, citizens who fulfill their tax obligations are not balanced with the total population in Indonesia. This is a problem, how to increase tax compliance, to increase the tax ratio, so that income from taxes can be maximized. Many studies examine the factors that affect tax compliance. This research will examine the effect of self-assessment and tax knowledge on tax compliance of taxpayers. The sample of this study was 80 respondents, with the criteria of a private person in the city of Serang, who had a TIN and worked. The results of this study indicate that self assessment and tax knowledge have a positive and significant impact on tax compliance, either partially or simultaneously.

BACKGROUND: The increase in telehealth in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic highlights the need to understand patients' capacity to utilize this care modality. Patient portals are a tool whose use requires similar resources and skills as those required for telehealth. Patients' capacity to use patient portals may therefore provide insight regarding patients' readiness and capacity to use telehealth. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine factors related to patients' capacity to use a patient portal and test the impact of these factors on patients' portal use. RESEARCH DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Using data from a large-scale pragmatic randomized controlled trial of patient portal use, 1081 hospitalized patients responded to survey items that were then mapped onto the 4 dimensions of the Engagement Capacity Framework: self-efficacy, resources, willingness, and capabilities. MEASURES: The outcome variable was frequency of outpatient portal use. We evaluated associations between Engagement Capacity Framework dimensions and patient portal use, using regression analyses. RESULTS: Patients with fewer resources, fewer capabilities, lower willingness, and lower overall capacity to use patient portals used the portal less; in contrast, those with lower perceived self-efficacy used the portal more. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight differences in patients' capacity to use patient portals, which provide an initial understanding of factors that may influence the use of telehealth and offer important guidance in efforts to support patients' telehealth use. Offering patients training tailored to the use of telehealth tools may be particularly beneficial.

The Dysphagia Handicap Index (DHI) is a valid Health-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) questionnaire for patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) of heterogeneous etiologies. The study aimed at crossculturally translating and adapting the DHI into Italian (I-DHI) and analyzing I-DHI reliability, validity, and interpretability. The I-DHI was developed according to Beaton et al. 5-stage process and completed by 75 adult OD patients and 166 healthy adults. Twenty-six patients filled out the I-DHI twice, 2 weeks apart, for test–retest reliability purposes. Sixty-two patients completed the Italian-Swallowing Quality of Life Questionnaire (I-SWAL-QoL) for criterion validity analysis. Construct validity was tested comparing I-DHI scores among patients with different instrumentally assessed and self-rated OD severity, comparing patients and healthy participants and testing Spearman’s correlations among I-DHI subscales. I-DHI interpretability was assessed and normative data were generated. Participants autonomously completed the I-DHI in maximum 10 min. Reliability proved satisfactory for all I-DHI subscales (internal consistency: α > .76; test–retest reliability: intraclass correlation coefficient > .96, k = .81). Mild to moderate correlations (− .26 ≤ ρ ≤ − .72) were found between I-DHI and I-SWAL-QoL subscales. Construct validity proved satisfactory as (i) moderate to strong correlations (.51 ≤ ρ ≤ .90) were found among I-DHI subscales; (ii) patients with more severe instrumentally or self-assessed OD reported higher I-DHI scores (p p p 65 years. In conclusion, the I-DHI is a reliable and valid HRQOL tool for Italian adults with OD.

Previous meta-analyses have found higher self-compassion is associated with lower anxiety and depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of self-compassion as an active ingredient in the treatment and prevention of anxiety and depression in youth. This was conducted through (i) a systematic review of the literature and (ii) qualitative consultation with young people and researchers in self-compassion. Fifty studies met our inclusion criteria. Eight studies evaluated self-compassion interventions among youth aged 14–24, and the remaining studies measured the association between self-compassion and anxiety, and/or depression among this age group. Qualitative interviews were conducted with four self-compassion researchers. Interviews were also conducted in two rounds of consultation with 20 young people (M age = 18.85 years, age range 14–24 years). Higher self-compassion was related to lower symptoms of anxiety, r = − 0.49, 95% CI (− 0.57, − 0.42), and depression, r = − 0.50, 95% CI (− 0.53, − 0.47). There was evidence for self-compassion interventions in decreasing anxiety and depression in young people. Consultation with young people indicated they were interested in self-compassion interventions; however, treatment should be available in a range of formats and tailored to address diversity. Self-compassion experts emphasised the importance of decreasing self-criticism as a reason why self-compassion interventions work. The importance of targeting self-criticism is supported by the preferences of young people who said they would be more likely to engage in a treatment reducing self-criticism than increasing self-kindness. Future research is required to add to the emerging evidence for self-compassion interventions decreasing symptoms of anxiety and depression in young people.

Objectives To develop and cross-validate self-administered Rapid Geriatric Assessment (SA-RGA) app against administered Rapid Geriatric Assessment (A-RGA) to identify seniors with geriatric syndromes such as frailty, sarcopenia, and anorexia of ageing who may benefit from targeted intervention. Design Prospective observational study. Setting Primary Care and Community. Participants A-RGA and SA-RGA app were administered to older adults ≥ 60 years old from December 2020 to April 2021. Measurements The RGA app screens for frailty (FRAIL), sarcopenia (SARC-F), anorexia of aging (SNAQ) and cognition (Rapid Cognitive Screen) with assisted management pathway. Patient Health Questionnaire 9 is administered for those who score positive for fatigue. The diagnostic performance of SA-RGA was compared against A-RGA as a reference by calculating the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) and positive likelihood ratio (+LR). Results 123 participants with a mean age of 71 ± 5.9 years completed both the SA-RGA and A-RGA. Questions on fatigue, 5 or more illnesses, loss of weight and falls in the past year performed better with high sensitivity, specificity, NPV and +LR than self-functional assessment where SA-RGA participants reported lower prevalence on the FRAIL scale aerobic and resistance components, and higher prevalence on the SARC-F strength and rising from a chair components. Conclusion The SA-RGA app performed well in certain domains such as assessment for weight loss, falls, number of chronic illness and fatigue. Self-functional assessment can be improved further by removing ambiguity in wordings such as “some” or “a lot” and replacing it with functional difficulty scale. SA-RGA has the potential to be incorporated in the eHEALTH platforms worldwide for early identifications of older adults at risk and to reduce health inequalities, at the same time building community resilience in the era of Covid-19 pandemic.

This collaborative self-study examines how five higher education institutions in British Columbia (BC), Canada, have achieved momentum with openness and are implementing and sustaining their efforts. A goal of this research was to see whether an institutional self-assessment tool—adapted from blended learning and institutional transformation research—can help to assess how an institution has progressed with its open education initiatives. By adopting both an appreciative and a critical approach, the researchers at these five BC institutions compared the similarities and differences between their institutional approaches and the evolution of their initiatives. The paper includes discussion of how a self-assessment tool for institutional open education practices (OEP) can be applied to OEP initiatives at an institutional level and shares promising practices and insights that emerge from this research.

PurposeSelf-assessment (SA) and peer-assessment (PA) are considered useful tools in the development of lifelong learning and reflective skills. The authors implemented a teaching intervention using SA and PA amongst a large cohort of final year undergraduate students. The purpose of this study was to investigate students' perceptions of online SA and PA in order to understand the differences between these perceptions and to allow instructors to adopt differentiated instruction in developing a diverse student group's professional skills.Design/methodology/approachThe research design adopted a mixed methods approach through the use of surveys that were administered before and after the SA and peer-assessment intervention in a taxation module taught at a large public South African university. Through the use of a series of open and closed questions students' perceptions on SA and peer-assessment were analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively.FindingsThe findings show that student perceptions of SA and peer-assessment differed significantly, where perceptions of SA were more positive than those towards PA. The findings indicate that SA and peer-assessment still present a challenge in an online context for large student cohorts, despite improved tracking, faster feedback and anonymity.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the literature by analysing students' perceptions about SA and peer-assessment in an accounting education context and in an online setting in South Africa.

In the context of distance learning, physical activity and social contacts of students decreased to minimum The aim of the research was to determine the self-assessment of health and well-being, physical activity status and behavioral aspect of a healthy lifestyle of PE students during quarantine, as well as to determine whether these indicators depend on place of students' education. The research involved 226 students (139 male and 87 famale subjects average age - 19.7 years), receiving a Pedagogical Specialty in Physical Education at the Bachelor's level of higher education. Independent samples included 77 students from a University in Ukraine;74 - from Poland;75 - from Italy. The study was conducted online in October-November 2020, during the period of quarantine in these countries. System analysis, questionnaire survey, survey analysis and descriptive statistics were used. The e-questionnaire included a set of methods: Health Self-Assessment Questionnaire (HSAQ), Health Attitude Index (HAI), Lifestyle Survey (LS) Leisure-Time Self-Assessment Questionnaire during quarantine (LTSAQ). It has been established that 23.4% of Ukrainian students have a tendency to be careless about their health. The majority of all students (Ukrainian - over 70%, Polish and Italian - over 90%) have adequate self-assessment of their own health. A high level of health-forming behavior dominate in all three groups. Italian students were not completely satisfied with their own physical activity during the quarantine. Most of the students in all samples exercised individually 3 times a week or more often. The dominant motives to excercises ere increasing physical fitness or improving the stature. © 2021 Montenegrin Sports Academy. All rights reserved.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to determine whether students' self-assessment (SSA) could be used as a significant attribute to predict students' future academic achievement.Design/methodology/approachThe authors address how well students can assess their abilities and study the relationship between this ability and demographic properties and previous study performance. The authors present the study results by measuring the relationship between the SSA across five different topics and comparing them with the students' performance in these topics using short tests. The test has been voluntarily taken by more than 300 students planning to enroll in the School of Business Informatics and Mathematics master's programs at the University of Mannheim.FindingsThe study results reveal which attributes are mostly associated with the accuracy level of SSA in higher education. The authors conclude that SSA, it can be valuable in predicting master's students' academic achievement when taking specific measures when designing the predictive module.Research limitations/implicationsDue to time constraints, the study was restricted only to students applying to master's programs at the Faculty of Business Informatics and Mathematics at the University of Mannheim. This resulted in collecting a limited data set. Also, the scope of this study was restricted to testing the accuracy of SSA and did not test using it as an attribute for predicting students' academic achievement.Originality/valuePredicting students' academic performance in higher education is beneficial from different perspectives. The literature reveals that a considerable amount of work is published to analyze and predict academic performance in higher education. However, most of the published work relies on attributes such as demographics, teachers' assessment, and examination scores for performing their prediction while neglecting the use of other forms of evaluation such as SSA or self-evaluation.

Objectives Physical examinations to characterize pubertal maturation may be unacceptable for children enrolled in research studies. Studies confirm the utility of pubertal self staging for research, but there has been limited comparison of self examination with hormone biomarkers. Our objective was to assess concordance of pubertal self staging with hormone biomarkers of puberty. Methods Participants were enrolled in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment Study, a longitudinal pregnancy and birth cohort study. At age 12 years, 139 females and 112 males completed pubertal self staging including breast and pubic hair development in females and pubic hair development in males. No clinical physical examination was performed. Hormone concentrations were measured in 102 females and 96 males including serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone in all; estradiol in females; and testosterone in males. Results Estradiol was significantly associated with female breast stage, even when adjusted for BMI, with geometric least squares means (95%CI) of 13.2 (8.7, 20.2), 38.3 (29.9, 49.1), 59.4 (39.8, 88.6), and 81.2 (45.6, 144) pg/mL for breast stage 1–2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Testosterone was significantly associated with male pubic hair stage, with adjusted geometric least squares means (95%CI) of 37.6 (19.9, 71.1), 43.4 (27.7, 68.3), 126 (78.4, 203), 275 (146, 521), and 559 (237, 1319) ng/dL for pubic hair stage 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Conclusions Self assessed pubertal development was positively associated with hormonal biomarkers of puberty.

Maximising the accuracy and learning of self and peer assessment activities in higher education requires instructors to make several design decisions, including whether the assessment process should be individual or collaborative, and, if collaborative, determining the number of members of each peer assessment team. In order to support this decision, a quasi-experiment was carried out in which 82 first-year students used three peer assessment modalities. A total of 1574 assessments were obtained. The accuracy of both the students’ self-assessment and their peer assessment was measured. Results show that students’ self-assessment significantly improved when groups of three were used, provided that those with the 20% poorest performances were excluded from the analysis. This suggests that collaborative peer assessment improves learning. Peer assessment scores were more accurate than self-assessment, regardless of the modality, and the accuracy improved with the number of assessments received. Instructors need to consider the trade-off between students’ improved understanding, which favours peer assessment using groups of three, and a higher number of assessments, which, under time constraints, favours individual peer assessment. This work has been partially funded by the University of Alicante’s Redes-I3CE de investigación en docencia universitaria del Instituto de Ciencias de la Educación (REDES-I3CE-2019-4607 and REDES-I3CE-2020-5069), by the AICO/2020/143 project, funded by the GVA, by the Access@IoT project, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-111196RB-I00) and by the EduTech (609785-EPP-1-2019-1-ES-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP) and the SkoPS (2020-1-DE01-KA226HE-005772) projects, funded by the EU’s Erasmus + Programme, and by the UCLM group research grant with reference 2021-GRIN-30993.

The aim of this study was to compare the quality of life (mental health) and voice in patients with or without permanent hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy.Permanent hypoparathyroidism is an underestimated complication of thyroid surgery owing to suppression of parathormone secretion. Few studies have evaluated the consequences of hypoparathyroidism on quality of life and none has studied its effects on voice.The QoL-hypopara study (ClinicalTrial.gov NCT04053647) was a national observational study. Adult thyroidectomized patients were included between January and June 2020. A serum parathormone level15 pg/mL6 months after surgery defined permanent hypoparathyroidism. Patients answered the MOS-36-item short-form health (SF-36), the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) surveys, and a list of questions regarding their symptoms.A total of 141 patients were included, 45 with permanent hypoparathyroidism. The median period between thyroid surgery and the questionnaire was 6 (Q1-Q3 4-11) and 4 (4-5) years in hypoparathyroid patients and controls respectively. Hypoparathyroid patients presented a reduced median mental score ratio (SF-36) [0.88 (Q1-Q3 0.63-1.01) vs 1.04 (0.82-1.13), P = 0.003] and a lower voice quality (incidence rate ratio for total VHI 1.83-fold higher, P0.001). In multivariable analysis, hypoparathyroidism [-0.17 (95% confidence interval -0.28 to -0.07), P = 0.002], but not age, female sex, thyroid cancer, or abnormal TSH level, was associated with the reduced mental score ratio. Myalgia, joint pain, paresthesia, tetany, anxiety attack, and exhaustion were the most common symptoms among hypoparathyroid patients (50%).Hypoparathyroid patients present significantly impaired quality of life, lower voice quality, and frequent symptoms. These results reinforce the importance of preventing this complication.

BackgroundPharmacists are often the first healthcare professionals that patients contact with their illnesses and requests for medical information, which is enhanced following the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Community pharmacists are expected and required to possess a broad spectrum of knowledge and skills. Self-assessment of these competencies is needed for their self-improvement.Purpose of the studyTo assess pharmacists’ clinical knowledge and practice in the safe use of contraceptives, and to compare the scores obtained by external observation with pharmacists’ self-assessment of their knowledge as well as investigate the significance of preceptorship experiences. Contraceptives was chosen as the subject area in view of high rates of abortions as a means of contraception in Bosnia and Herzegovina.MethodsA questionnaire approach was used. The questionnaire included the following: the first domain contained two case scenarios (safe use of contraceptives), which evaluated clinical knowledge, a second domain in which pharmacists self-assessed their knowledge to resolve cases from the first domain and a third domain that measured the demographics of pharmacists (including experience in preceptorship). Dispensing practice was evaluated in the second domain. The questionnaires were distributed to a convenient sample of 100 pharmacists at the Annual Meeting of Bosnia and Herzegovina Pharmacists. The results were presented as counts (%). The groups (preceptors and non-preceptors) were compared using Mann-Whitney U test, paired assessments were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Spearman’s correlation was used to assess the correlation between variables.ResultsOf the 100 pharmacists invited to participate, 84 completed the questionnaire (84 % response rate). There was no agreement between pharmacists’ real knowledge (average score -case 1: 2.71,case 2: 3.3) and their self-assessment (average score -case 1: 3.77,case 2: 3.91). There was no statistically significant difference in the actual knowledge of pharmacists (experienced/non-experienced in precepting), while the difference in the self-assessment was significant between these two groups.ConclusionPharmacists appear to overrate themselves, which leads to self-enhancement bias, in which the experience in precepting has some influence. Pharmacists’ capability in performing an objective self-assessment of their clinical knowledge needs to be carefully studied in the future to fully benefit patients.

Objectives To evaluate the utility of a digital psychological self-assessment tool, MyHEARTSMAP (scores on 10 sections: home, education and activities, alcohol and drugs, relationships and bullying, thoughts and anxiety, safety, sexual health, mood, abuse, and professional resources), in youth presenting to the pediatric emergency department (ED) with a mental health concern. Study design We conducted a prospective cohort study in 2 tertiary care pediatric EDs from December 2017 to October 2019. Youth 10-17 years old triaged for a mental health concern were screened and enrolled to complete MyHEARTSMAP on a mobile device. A clinician blinded to the MyHEARTSMAP assessment conducted their own assessment which was used as the reference standard. Utility was quantified as the sensitivity and specificity of MyHEARTSMAP in detecting psychiatric, social, youth health, and functional concerns. Results Among 379 eligible youth, 351 were approached and 233 (66.4%) families were enrolled. Sensitivity for youth MyHEARTSMAP self-assessments ranged from 87.4% in the youth health domain to 99.5% in the psychiatric domain for identifying any concern, and 33.3% in the social domain to 74.6% in the psychiatric domain for severe concerns. Specificity ranged from 66.7% in the psychiatric domain to 98.2% in the youth health domain for no or only mild concerns. Conclusions Youth and guardian MyHEARTSMAP assessments are sensitive for detecting psychosocial concerns requiring follow-up beyond pediatric ED evaluation. Specificity for no or only mild concerns was high in the nonpsychiatric domains.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of suicidal ideation (SI) and attitudes regarding help seeking among US physicians relative to the general US working population. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: A secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey of US physicians and a probability-based sample of the US working population was conducted between October 12, 2017, and March 15, 2018. Among 30,456 invited physicians, 5197 (17.1%) completed the primary survey. Suicidal ideation in the last year, attitudes regarding help seeking, symptoms of depression, and burnout were assessed by standardized questions. RESULTS: Among the 4833 physicians who responded regarding SI, 316 (6.5%) reported having suicidal thoughts in the last 12 months. Most physicians (3527 [72.9%]) reported that they would seek professional help if they had a serious emotional problem. Physicians with SI were less likely to report that they would seek help (203/316 [64.2%]) than physicians without SI (3318/4517 [73.5%]; P=.001). On multivariable analysis, symptoms of depression (odds ratio [OR], 4.42; 95% CI, 1.89 to 11.52), emotional exhaustion (OR, 1.07 each 1-point increase; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.11), and self-valuation (OR, 0.84 each 1-point increase; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.99) were associated with SI. Among individuals aged 29 to 65 years, physicians were more likely than workers in other fields to report SI (7.1% vs 4.3%; P

The phenomenon in this study is related to the self-assessment system for taxpayers in the context of the Government Regulation Number 23 of 2018 implementation, where many Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) do not understand tax administration and consider taxation obligations to be complicated. The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze the self-assessment system for final tax income on MSMEs at the Pratama Tax Office of West Bekasi in 2018-2020 along with the obstacles and efforts made by the tax office regarding the self-assessment system. This research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Data analysis was carried out using qualitative methods. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of Government Regulation Number 23 of 2018 regarding the self-assessment system has not fully run as expected. In terms of registration and reporting, taxpayers have complied with these regulations, but in calculating and paying their taxes they have not fully complied with the rules. The obstacles include MSMEs who are still unfamiliar with taxes and do not understand IT, regulators who are still having trouble supervising the taxation activities of taxpayers, and the lack of tax dissemination and counseling. As a result, the MSME tax contribution has decreased during 3 years due to the decline in the MSME Tax rate. The average contribution of MSME tax revenue at the Primary Tax Office of West Bekasi is 8.77% of final income tax receipts.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of pharmacy students to assess their learning. Methods: Without pre-class preparation or access to learning resources, third-year pharmacy students were asked to list in preset templates the important points of topics that were covered two weeks earlier including Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s chorea and Parkinson’s diseases, structure short essay questions guided by these lists and answer them. In the first section, students worked individually while in the second and third sections they worked in groups of four. At the end of each session, students were asked to fill in a pre-piloted ethically approved questionnaire on their perception of the present exercise and learning strategies and examinations. Results: The majority of participants (n: 51; 85%) were females and with GPAs ranging from 2.5-4. The important points listed by students focused on the aetiology and treatment of the disorders. However, the questions framed by grouped students and their answers were more thorough and well organised. Half of the participants reported the aim of tests was to improve their learning and the majority (93%, 85% and 85%) of students preferred pre-scheduled tests, paper examinations and lectures using PowerPoint presentations respectively. In their reflection on the exercise, most students enjoyed it and found it effective in enhancing their learning. Conclusion: The present pedagogy enhances learning, writing skills, group collaboration and team spirit. Its application in other classes and topics would strengthen its value in enhancing learning.

Pichanee Chaweekulrat, Narumol Silpa-archa, Chalermkwan Apinuntham, Chayada Chaiyabutr, Chanisada Wongpraparut Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandCorrespondence: Narumol Silpa-archaDepartment of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, ThailandTel +66 2-419-4333Fax +66 2-411-5031Email doctornarumol@gmail.comBackground: The Vitiligo Extent Score (VES) and Self-Assessment Vitiligo Extent Score (SA-VES) have not been formally validated in Thai population.Objective: To evaluate reliability, validity and feasibility of the VES and SA-VES in Thai vitiligo patients.Methods: Vitiligo lesions from 100 patients were evaluated by 2 independent dermatologists using VES and Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (VASI). Reliability was assessed by comparing VES scores between physicians. Validity was determined by comparison among the VES, VASI, and SA-VES instruments. Patients scored their vitiligo severity using the SA-VES.Results: The reliability of the VES was excellent (inter-rater reliability: 0.997, 95% confidence interval: 0.995– 0.998). There was very strong correlation between the VES and VASI (r=0.976, p< 0.001), and strong correlation between the VES and SA-VES (r=0.890, p< 0.001), and between the VASI and SA-VES (r=0.866, p< 0.001). Moderate correlation among the VES, VASI, and SA-VES was observed in patients with segmental or < 1% body surface area (BSA) vitiligo. Ninety-five percent of patients rated the SA-VES as easy to moderately easy.Conclusion: The VES has reliability and validity comparable to that of the VASI. The SA-VES is an user-friendly instrument that correlated well with physicians’ scoring methods in patients with non-segmental or > 1% BSA vitiligo.Keywords: reliability, validity, feasibility, Vitiligo Extent Score, VES, Self-Assessment Vitiligo Extent Score, SA-VES, Thai vitiligo patients

Background/purpose Direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) has been increasingly used in health education in recent years. This study evaluated the effect of education and trainees’ perception of assessment on the clinical skills of postgraduate dental trainees in complicated tooth extraction. Materials and methods This study was conducted as a retrospective survey among postgraduate dental trainees learning complicated tooth extraction in Taipei and Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital from 2012 to 2019. Practical skills were assessed using DOPS by trainees and faculty members. Each clinical case included a complicated extraction of a permanent tooth. Results A total of 69 participants (26 men and 43 women, average age = 26.49 years, range = 24–34 years) were included in this study. Within the survey cohort, faculty assessments scored significantly higher than did trainees’ self-assessments in each complicated tooth extraction procedure, with no difference between both sexes. The higher-performing trainees tended to underrate their performance much more than did the lower-performing trainees. More than 40% of the trainees evaluated themselves as having “poor capability” in some invasive surgical procedures, even though their actual performance was not lower than that of those who evaluated themselves as having adequate or good capability. Conclusion Self-assessment skills should be developed with more practice and experience. We hope that these findings can guide the planning of faculty development programs for clinical instructors, particularly the new cohort of faculty who will succeed the rapidly retiring boomer generation in the next 10 years.

Background and purpose Journal article critiques are frequently used to teach literature evaluation to pharmacy students. Peer review is one method to improve students' competency regarding journal article critiques. The objective of this manuscript is to describe implementation of electronic peer review of journal article critique drafts and explore students' intrinsic motivation to participate in the peer-review process. Influence of students' motivation to participate in peer review on their self-competence regarding journal article critiques was also explored. Educational activity and setting Second-year pharmacy students participated in three in-class, electronic, anonymous peer-review sessions for written journal article critique drafts. Students were invited to complete a 16-item survey instrument based on self-determination theory. Modified Intrinsic Motivation Inventory and Perceived Competence Scales assessed student interest in and perceived value of the peer-review sessions and their self-competence regarding journal article critiques. Findings The survey response rate was 99% (146/148). Based on a Likert scale of 1 (not at all true) to 7 (very true), students demonstrated moderate interest in the peer-review sessions (M = 3.86), viewed them as valuable (M = 5.25), and had a moderate level of self-competence regarding journal article critiques (M = 3.74). Additionally, interest and perceived value of the peer-review sessions significantly influenced self-competence in completing journal article critiques. Summary An anonymous, electronic peer-review system provides an efficient method for in-class peer review of draft assignments. Implementing strategies to increase student interest in peer review may increase their motivation for participation and ultimately improve self-competence regarding literature evaluation.

Tiffany A Chen,1 Jonathan Li,1 Julie M Schallhorn,1,2 Catherine Q Sun1,2 1Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; 2F.I Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USACorrespondence: Catherine Q SunF.I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, Box 0944, 490 Illinois Street, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USAEmail catherine.sun@ucsf.eduPurpose: To evaluate the agreement of a home vision screening test compared to standard in-office technician-measured Snellen visual acuity to allow for remote screening and triaging of patients.Patients and Methods: In this prospective study, English-speaking patients with in-office ophthalmology appointments from May to August 2020 and visual acuity better than 20/125 were asked to complete a home vision test one week before their scheduled in-office appointment. The home vision test was a modified ETDRS chart displayed in a PDF document that could be printed or viewed on a monitor. The primary outcome was the mean difference between office-based and home visual acuity.Results: Eighty-two eyes of 45 patients were included in the study with 45 study eyes analyzed. The mean difference between office-based and home visual acuity was − 0.02 logMAR (SD 0.15, P=0.28) among study eyes. Of these eyes, 91% demonstrated agreement between the two methods within 0.2 logMAR of the mean difference, and 60% had agreement within 0.1 logMAR of the mean difference. There were no significant demographic or ocular risk factors leading to a greater difference between the tests.Conclusion: There was good agreement between the home and in-office Snellen tests for patients with vision better than 20/125. The home vision test can be used to remotely determine if there is a significant vision change of > 0.2 logMAR or approximately 2 lines of visual acuity.Keywords: telemedicine, tele-ophthalmology, home vision test, vision screening

The COVID-19 pandemic, or better known as the coronavirus pandemic, brought many challenges in education, and one of them was the transition to online teaching, that is. use of information and communication technologies in teaching. Information technology is a term that describes parts (hardware) and programs (software) that allow access to download, organize, manipulate and present information electronically, and communication technology (CT) is a term that describes telecommunications equipment that can send, receive information, search and access them. This research aimed to examine the subjective experience of teachers about personal competencies in the use of information and communication technology in teaching. The population of this research consists of primary school teachers in the area of Tuzla Canton, and the total sample consists of 138 respondents. An anonymous internet survey was used, which is distributed with the help of social networks “Facebook” and a Facebook group called “Prosvjeta TK”, which brings together educators from the Tuzla Canton area. In this paper, we assume that teachers assess their information and communication competencies as positive and they consider themselves competent in their use in the teaching process. It also explores aspects of teachers’ digital competencies as essential competencies for 21st-century education. The paper will provide insight into the personal perception of teachers regarding ICT competence, which is included in the fund of previous knowledge and theoretical knowledge. The results of this research could help understand and analyze further practices, decide on further steps to build teachers’ ICT competencies in and for the future of the school.

Roughly 3% of adults aged 50 years or older experience significant symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). They are often diagnosed for the first time in later adulthood, because ADHD is a relatively new diagnosis with only recent awareness of later-life cases, and because many symptomatic adults have high early-life functioning due to supportive environmental and social structures. Current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 criteria require evidence of symptom onset prior to age 12, which rests on self-report in older adults for whom ancillary sources are unavailable or unreliable. In this review, we summarize evidence from several bodies of literature which suggest this criterion may be invalid in older adults. The authors hypothesize that demonstrating childhood symptom onset in older adults is not feasible (i.e., no awareness of ADHD prior to 1970; no good current ancillary sources of childhood behaviors), unreliable (i.e., severely flawed retrospective self-report) and unethical (i.e., unreasonable denial of support to people who need it, with demonstrated poor outcomes associated with untreated ADHD in adults). The authors outline additional research that is needed to establish the validity of self-reported childhood symptom onset in this under-studied demographic, including the identification of contextual factors (perhaps unique to late life) that are associated with the emergence of ADHD symptoms in older adulthood; determining the impact of memory biases on recall of childhood symptoms in older adults with ADHD; quantifying self-perception deficits; and investigating the usefulness of executive functioning rating scales to complement diagnostic assessment in older adults.

This conceptual paper contributes to a broader perspective on doctoral experience via a synthesis of several crucial concepts during the doctoral journey. The first part discusses the core challenges customarily confronting doctoral scholars due to the distinct PhD genre leading to introducing the main conceptual base. Metacognition, being central to doctoral knowledge creation, is explored through the stages of competence development and against the competing notions often faced by PhD scholars: the Imposter Syndrome and the Dunning-Kruger Effect. Drawing upon these metacognitive concepts, the implications of crossing competence stages during lengthy, non-linear doctoral trajectories in a high-performance academic culture are further explored. While recognising associated challenges, this paper also highlights a range of available tools, resources, and skillsets useful for the transitional period, doctoral learning progression and eventual completion. This paper has, therefore, interwoven and unified key doctoral experience concepts with a view to proposing a conceptual framework for a doctoral self-management strategy. This holistic framework, a form of metacognitive scaffolding for navigating the PhD experience, is likened to a ‘compass’ for trekking both the research landscape and the doctoral development landscape. In the absence of a doctoral ‘map’, employing one’s personal metacognitive ‘compass’ can empower doctoral scholars to manage a potentially complex experience – by identifying essential praxes to scaffold the entire doctoral process through iterative cycles of reflection, calibration and recalibration of strategic reflection and personal evaluation of one’s progression.

Background Parkinson's disease (PD) has a negative effect on oral health and orofacial function, but the subjective experience of orofacial symptoms and their impact on the quality of life is not fully investigated. In addition, knowledge of how to improve the subjective oral symptoms is lacking. Objectives To assess the self‐reported orofacial function and oral health in patients with PD. Furthermore, to investigate the effect of interventions for improvement of oral hygiene and function on oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL). Methods A randomised controlled study with delayed intervention was conducted in 29 patients with moderate to advanced PD. Patients were instructed in a standardised exercise programme for the jaw and orofacial muscles and given an individualised oral hygiene programme. The effect on self‐reported orofacial function and OHRQoL was measured after 2 and 4 months using the Nordic Orofacial Test—Screening (NOT‐S), the oral health impact profile (OHIP‐14), self‐reported drooling score and subjective mastication ability. Results Self‐reported oral health and function before the intervention was significantly correlated to the severity and duration of PD. The NOT‐S and drooling score were significantly improved by the interventions after 2 months and the OHIP‐14 after 4 months. Conclusion The interventions improve the self‐reported orofacial function and OHRQoL. These simple interventions can be implemented in the allied multidisciplinary health care surrounding the PD patient., An intervention with a standardised exercise programme for the orofacial muscles and an individualized oral hygiene programme do not only improve orofacial function but also the oral health‐related quality of life.

Purpose This paper aims to contribute to the growing body of research on health-care leadership by demonstrating the value of dyads and triads in strengthening capabilities of health-care settings and providing action pathways to accelerate gender parity in senior health-care positions. Design/methodology/approach The paper reviews the evidence that when single-leadership models are used and women are under-represented in leadership, the health-care industry may miss out on opportunities to increase efficiency and quality of care. Next, the paper describes a co-leadership model with distinct and overlapping roles, which promotes women’s participation and inspires administrative and clinical leaders to collaborate and achieve optimal performance. Findings The dyad as the enabling track for women in health-care leadership creates opportunities for health-care systems to bridge the gender gap in senior positions as well as improve the delivery of cost-effective quality care. Practical implications The inclusive co-leadership model with distinct and overlapping roles is a promising pathway for increasing health-care system efficiency and for promoting women to senior roles by tapping into the leadership skills and expertise that women bring to these roles. Originality/value The current paper demonstrates the dual effects of using co-leadership in senior health-care positions and fixing the gender imbalance. It has significant implications for advancing similar pathways in other industries as a means for accelerating gender parity in senior management.

The purpose of this evidence-based education initiative was to increase A Fib detection in a cardiovascular diseased population in which participants were taught radial pulse palpation and signs/symptoms of A Fib. Participants were evaluated after initial education on performance of radial pulse palpation and teach back of signs/symptoms of the arrhythmia and again at three weeks on adherence to daily self-screening and recall of signs/symptoms of A Fib. Post initial education, 88% of eligible participants learned pulse-palpation and 93% could verbalize at minimum one sign/symptom. After three weeks, 94.7% reported daily self-screening, but only 44.7% could verbalize at minimum one sign/symptom. This indicated that participants were continuing to self-screen, but in need of booster education sessions. Educating individuals on self-screening and signs/symptoms of A Fib is clinically feasible.

The methods in which self-assessment are facilitated have not been significantly addressed within the literature. Self-assessment is also fraught with concerns around reliability and validity. As a...

A necessity to detect and assess probable latent disability makes the present research vital; it can be done using available parameters that characterize population health. Our research object was adult population living in the Russian Federation. Our research goal was to reveal a relation between self-assessment of health and health-related restrictions among respondents form different sex and age groups in order to determine latent disability among overall RF population. Previously Russian researchers revealed certain relations between disability and low self-assessment of one’s health. However, there was no profound study on an issue related to using such criteria as «negative self-assessment of health» and «restricted activities» used to reveal latent dis-ability. This aspect has not been examined in great detail in domestic research and it makes the present work truly vital. We took data collected via the Russian sociologic study performed within the European sociological study (ESS) in 2018–2019 as well as data from sampling studies on pop-ulation in the RF performed by the Federal Statistics Service in 2018 and 2019. To analyze a relation between self-assessment of health and existing restricted activity, we calculated Kramer’s coefficients for different sex and age groups of respondents who took part in the Russian sociologic study. Calculated Kramer’s coefficient values indicate there is an average relation between such parameters as «self-assessment of health» and «existing restricted activity». We established that 7% of respondents who were not disabled still had health characteristics implying there was a disability risk. It was shown that use of such criteria as «self-assessment of health» and «existing restricted activities» allowed more authentic assessment of latent disability among males aged 50–59 and women aged 20–29, 30–39, and 40–49. In future we plan to obtain more accurate results using data from other representative sociologic studies on population including regional ones.

Background Reliable and valid measurement is the foundation of evidence-based practice. The self-administered Foot Health Assessment Instrument (S-FHAI) was recently developed to measure patients’ evaluations of their own foot health. Evidence regarding the psychometric properties of the S-FHAI is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate those properties by using a Rasch analysis. Methods This methodological study analysed secondary data that was collected from nurses (n = 411) in 2015. The psychometric properties of the S-FHAI were evaluated using the Rasch model. Unidimensionality was analysed first, followed by item functioning, person misfit and differential item functioning (DIF). Results The S-FHAI demonstrated evidence of unidimensionality, with an acceptable item fit according to the Rasch model. Person fit and person separation were low, however, indicating restricted separation among different respondents. Item separation was high, demonstrating clear discrimination between the items. No DIF was detected in relation to gender, but significant DIF was demonstrated in relation to age for 6 of the 25 items. Conclusions The S-FHAI has potential for use in investigating self-reported foot health. The Rasch analysis revealed that the psychometric properties of the instrument were acceptable, although some issues should be addressed to improve the scale. In future, it may be beneficial to analyse the sensitivity of the items and to test the S-FHAI in more diverse patient populations.

To compare the self-assessment of surgical residents and observers (faculty members and nurses) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).A prospective observational study was conducted between February 2020 and July 2020 at a medical school hospital. Seventy-four LC surgeries were performed by surgical residents in the presence of faculty members. A self-assessment of the technical and nontechnical performance of the residents was requested. The self-assessment of residents was compared with observer evaluations using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Gwet AC2 fit coefficient was used to determine the consistency between the observers' and residents' assessments. Bland-Altman plots were generated with 95% limits of agreement to describe the agreement between the total scores of the observers.The self-assessment of residents had a statistically significant higher score when compared with observers (faculty and nurses) (P0.001). However, no significant difference was observed between the total scores given by the observers (faculty members and nurses) (P0.05). There was a moderate agreement between the resident versus faculty members [0.503; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.430-0.576] and resident versus nurse (0.518; 95% CI, 0.432-0.605) when evaluating technical skills. However, there was substantial agreement between faculty members and nurses (0.736; 95% CI, 0.684-0.789). Postoperative pain was significantly correlated with resident self-assessment (P=0.022).The self-assessment scores of surgical residents in LC operations were overestimated compared with observer assessments.

Relevance. In the physical education of students during the formation of individual physical culture is relevant to the issue of self-assessment of physical development, the study of motivation to engage in various types of physical activity among students. The purpose of the work is to study the self-assessment of physical development and motivation in physical education among student youth in the process of formation of individual physical culture. Methods: analysis and generalization of data of scientific and methodical literature and sources of the Internet; sociological methods; psychological and diagnostic methods; pedagogical methods; methods of statistical data processing. Experimental studies were conducted at Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University. The study involved students of 1-3 grades, 105 people (58 boys and 47 girls). Results. In the course of the research, priorities were established in the motives and interests of student youth during physical education classes. The level of physical conditions of students according to the results of motor tests is determined. The individual profile of the physical «I» of the individual is determined with the help of the test-questionnaire EM Bochenkova «Self-description of physical development», which is a modified version of the known method of A.M. Parishioners. It is established that at a low level of «self-esteem» students generally rate «coordination of movements», «endurance», «flexibility». With a low self-esteem of «sports abilities» and «physical activity», the studied students rate the «appearance» and consider themselves quite attractive. In general, the level of self-esteem on some scales increases with age («global physical self», «strength», «endurance»). In order to form an individual culture of students’ health, it is necessary for the participants of the educational space to master the standards of self-preserving behavior and the culture of a healthy lifestyle to increase healthy activity. It is shown that students with a high level of physical fitness have higher scores on all indicators of the scale and they have a higher overall level of self-esteem. At the same time, students with a low level of physical fitness have an inflated self-esteem in relation to "appearance".

Purpose of the study: Quality Enhancement Cells (QECs) are prudent and play a dynamic role in the advancement of quality in higher education. This study examined the role and significance of QEC's in HEIs in an emerging economy like Pakistan. Methodology: This study is conducted on the perceived benefits of Self-Assessment Reports (SARs) to have an initial guideline for further investigation on the role of QECs. The research model for this study has been formulated from the outcomes of SARs devised in a previous similar study. The model was evaluated through quantitative analysis using SmartPLS, determining SARs benefits associated with academia and students. Main Findings: The empirical findings indicated that faculty perception regarding SARs and their benefits are positive and the relationship between the assessed variables is significant. Applications of this study: The study findings will benefit the policymakers in HEIs to induct SARs as an organizational development tool. Novelty/Originality of this study: This research is novel in its nature as limited research work regarding SAR and QEC evaluation in Pakistan has hindered the research-related activities and strategic planning in this area.