Search

This work was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0206700), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21725103, 51702314), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA21010210), the Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan Funding Project (20180101203JC), the K. C. Wong Education Foundation (GJTD2018-09), the Changchun Science and Technology Development Plan Funding Project (19SS010) and the National & local united engineering lab for power battery. The Supercomputing USTC is acknowledged for computational support.

Commercial Pure (CP) grade-2 titanium is a choice material for the construction of Silver Oxide Zinc reserve-battery components like battery containers, cell casings, electrolyte bladder housings, etc. The above-said components are either not directly exposed to electrolyte or have limited duration exposure, e.g., the cell-case is filled with electrolyte just before operational use, by transferring the stored electrolyte from the electrolyte tanks, using pressurized gas. There is a need to widen the application CP grade-2 titanium material for the construction of electrolyte tank-reservoir in reserve batteries, where long storage requirement exists. Therefore, a study was undertaken on the corrosion behavior of CP grade-2 titanium material, with the known concentration of Potassium Hydroxide (KOH), as used in reserve battery applications. The samples for the conduct of the experiment were carefully prepared by TIG welding procedure. Material characterization studies were undertaken by macro and microstructural analysis using optical microscope (OM), phase analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Further, different corrosion studies like immersion test, salt spray test, potentiodynamic polarization studies, and surface morphology studies were undertaken. The results of all the above studies revealed that CP grade-2 titanium material with weld joints if prepared with the standardized procedure, can be effectively used in the construction of electrolyte tanks for Silver Oxide Zinc based Reserve Batteries for meeting strategic defense applications.

The development of electric vehicles is an important trend in the automotive industry, in which the performance of power batteries is greatly affected by temperature. In recent years, it has been widely concerned that the performance of power batteries at low temperature will lead to the vehicle failure to start because of the bad thermal equilibrium of power battery heating system. This paper studies the thermal equilibrium performance of battery liquid heating system at low temperature. Inlet temperature, heating time, ambient temperature, and their coupling relationship to battery thermal equilibrium performance are studied by orthogonal experimental design method. It is expected that this study can provide reference for the parameter selection of battery heating system.

There are many factors affecting the consistency of power battery. Aiming at the problems of poor consistency and inaccurate clustering reorganization of retired power batteries, this paper mainly considers three characteristic parameters: capacity, voltage and internal resistance, and proposes a clustering reorganization method of retired power batteries based on machine learning. Firstly, the article based on the characteristic parameters of retired batteries, analysed its health status and service life and through machine learning, according to the actual requirements of groups, clustered and reorganized the batteries and its accuracy is analysed; Then the article analysed the applicability of power battery echelon utilization scenario.

Power battery is one of the core components of new energy vehicles, and it is the key to realize vehicle energy saving and convenience. However, battery performance is greatly affected by temperature and control strategies. In this regard, design experiments to test the charging performance of new energy vehicles, analyze charging indicators, and in- depth analysis of factors affecting charging performance. Through analysis, the new energy vehicle has good charging efficiency at different temperatures, and uses multiple charging strategies to ensure battery life.

This thesis presents the introduction, analysis and experimental verification of the six-pulse SCR rectifier and multi-pulse SCR rectifiers. As a fundamental three-phase controllable ac-dc converter, the six-pulse SCR rectifier is widely used in industry. However, it generates high Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) in the line current. One of the solutions is to use multi-pulse rectifiers. Multi-pulse rectifiers could be classified into the 12-, 18-, and 24-pulse configurations. Application examples include high voltage direct current transmission systems, high power battery chargers and load commutated current source inverter powered motor drives. In this thesis, the six-, 12-, 18- and 24-pulse SCR rectifiers with inductive and capacitive loads are introduced. The line current THD and the input PF of various rectifiers are investigated. The principle of the harmonic elimination through phase-shifting transforms is analyzed by Fourer analysis and positive/negative sequence analysis. The experimental verification is accomplished on a prototype of the 12-pulse SCR recitifier.

In order to improve the working efficiency of the power battery pack and prolong the service life, there is a problem of inconsistency among the individual cells. Based on the centralized equalization structure of the multi-output winding transformer, a three-stage hybrid equalization control strategy is designed for equalization. The equalization scheme realizes that the high voltage single battery transfers the energy to the low voltage battery cell during the charging of the battery pack, improving not only charging efficiency and energy use loss, but also the high voltage battery transferring the power to the low voltage battery cell when the pressure difference is greater than 10 mv during the discharge. Between 5 mv and 10 mv, it performs passive equalization, reducing the output fluctuation of the power battery pack and achieving the balance purpose. During the standing time, the maximum active balancing operation within the battery pack is performed in order to achieve intra-group optimum consistency. It is proved by experiments that the equalization control method can realize the quick and effective equalization in the battery pack, and the energy balance of each single battery.

The state of charge (SoC) is an important index of the energy output performance of power battery pack. But the SoC value is affected by various factors, namely, ambient temperature, working current, equilibrium potential, and the consistency between batteries in the pack. These factors might dampen the accuracy of the traditional SoC evaluation methods like current–voltage method and Kalman filter. The evaluation accuracy is also influenced by the data drift and rest time to equilibrium potential. Considering the multiple influencing factors of SoC, this paper analyzes the data drift and rest time to equilibrium potential, and builds an approximate model of overpotential for 32650 LiFePO4 battery, based on the time variation constant and the monotonicity of SoC trend. The proposed model was adopted to optimize the evaluation of SoC. To verify its effectiveness, the proposed method was compared with current–voltage method and Kalman filter through experiments. The results show that our method outperformed the contrastive methods in simplicity, relative error (

As the main power source for electric vehicles, lithium-ion power batteries have always been the focus of public safety. Lithium-ion batteries may occur thermal runaway after internal short circuit caused by mechanical abuse. It is extremely important to study the influencing factors of thermal runaway. In this article, the quasi-static battery extrusion test is used to study the changes of load, voltage, and temperature during the short circuit process of lithium-ion batteries and to observe the influencing factors that may cause thermal runaway. The electrochemical–electrical–thermal multi-physics coupling model was established by comsol multi-physics simulation software to simulate the thermal behavior of the battery after short circuit. The effects of short circuit cases, state of charge (SOC), and voltage maintenance time after short circuit on the thermal runaway of the battery are studied. By comparing the experimental results, the short circuit case of the battery caused by mechanical abuse is judged. The research results have played a certain reference role in the future research on battery mechanical abuse and internal short circuit.

Unlike conventional engine vehicles, there are a large number of high-voltage components in EV, such as: drive motor, DC-AC inverter, DC-DC converter, and on-board charger (AC-DC Converter), high voltage power battery

With the integration of distributed renewable energy to the distribution network and the development of multiterminal flexible DC transmission technology, multiterminal flexible DC distribution network has broad application prospects. At the same time, with the rapid development of new energy vehicles, the echelon utilization of power battery has become a research hotspot. By analyzing the characteristics of flexible DC distribution network and echelon utilization battery, the structure and control strategy of modular multilevel converter (MMC), DC solid-state transformer, photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation, and echelon utilization battery energy storage system are established, respectively, in this paper. To achieve a DC network connection of various types of power supply and load, this paper proposes a starting method of multiterminal flexible DC distribution network and a cooperative control strategy of the wind-solar-storage system. A six-terminal ring-shape DC distribution network model is built in real-time digital simulation (RTDS) platform. The simulation results show that the modeling methods and control strategies of each component in the real-time simulation model meet the operation requirements of the multiterminal flexible DC distribution network, which provides a reference for the construction and research of the flexible DC distribution network.

Громадському транспорту у містах за останні роки приділяється більша увага задля підвищення комфорту життя в мегаполісах. Економічні та екологічні показники міст можна покращити за рахунок ефективного підключення ресурсів у сфері громадського транспорту та підвищення мобільності транспортних засобів. За останні два десятиліття у країнах, що розвиваються, спостерігається величезний приріст населення. Зростання чисельності населення спричинило зростання попиту на мобільність. Якщо транспортна інфраструктура не здатна задовольнити вимоги, це спричиняє збільшення тривалості очікування громадського транспорту та заторів на вулицях. Громадський транспорт може бути більш привабливим, забезпечуючи мобільність «від дверей до дверей», а розвиток транспортних послуг є важливим фактором для життя у мегаполісах. Стійкість транспорту, екологічні умови місцевості, охорона здоров'я та економічний стан мешканців можна підвищити шляхом переходу до більш мобільного громадського транспорту. Простими словами, мобільність за допомогою громадського транспорту надає можливість зменшити несприятливий вплив використання автомобілів на стан навколишнього середовища та здоров’я. Рівень мобільності міста можна покращити, забезпечивши добре організовану транспортну систему. Отже, доступність зупинок громадського транспорту, сполученість видів громадського транспорту та мобільність системи повинні розглядатися для забезпечення зручної для користувачів системи громадського транспорту. Тому в статі було розглянуто режими руху тролейбуса та на основі цих даних було запропоновано систему електроживлення з використанням акумуляторної батареї. Такий вид живлення транспортного засобу підвищить мобільність тролейбуса за рахунок використання силової батареї, що в свою чергу корисно при заторах, транспортних пригодах, а також при відсутності мережі. Показано розрахунок інверторів необхідних для роботи такої системи. Контроль буде відбуватися за допомогою релейного керування, що дозволить тролейбуса автономно рухатися, а також дасть змогу накопичувати енергію до акумуляторної батареї., Public transport in cities in recent years has received more attention to increase the comfort of life in megacities. The economic and environmental performance of cities can be improved by efficiently connecting public transport resources and increasing vehicle mobility. Over the last two decades, there has been a huge increase in population in developing countries. Population growth has led to an increase in demand for mobility. If the transport infrastructure is not able to meet the requirements, it leads to an increase in the waiting time for public transport and congestion on the streets. Public transport can be more attractive by providing door-to-door mobility, and the development of transport services is an important factor for life in megacities. Transport sustainability, environmental conditions, health and economic well-being can be enhanced by moving to more mobile public transport. Simply put, mobility by public transport makes it possible to reduce the adverse effects of car use on the environment and health. The level of mobility of the city can be improved by providing a well-organized transport system. Therefore, the accessibility of public transport stops, the connectivity of public transport modes and the mobility of the system should be considered to ensure a user-friendly public transport system. The purpose of this article is to create a trolleybus power supply system with a high-voltage battery, which would reduce the load on the network during vehicle acceleration, and with the help of an additional converter was able to recover energy during braking to the battery. Therefore, the article considered the modes of movement of the trolleybus and on the basis of these data proposed a power supply system using a rechargeable battery. This type of vehicle power supply will increase the mobility of the trolleybus due to the use of a power battery, which in turn is useful in traffic jams, accidents, as well as in the absence of a network. The calculation of inverters required for the operation of such a system is shown. The control will take place by means of a relay control, which will allow the trolleybus to move autonomously, as well as allow it to store energy to the battery., Общественный транспорт в городах за последние годы приобрел большее внимание за повышения комфорта жизни в мегаполисах. Экономические и экологические показатели городов можно улучшить за счет эффективного подключения ресурсов в сфере общественного транспорта и повышение мобильности транспортных средств. За последние два десятилетия в развивающихся странах, наблюдается огромный прирост населения. Рост численности населения привело к росту спроса на мобильность. Если транспортная инфраструктура не способна удовлетворить требования, это приводит к увеличению времени ожидания общественного транспорта и пробок на улицах. Общественный транспорт может быть более привлекательным, обеспечивая мобильность «от двери до двери», а развитие транспортных услуг является важным фактором для жизни в мегаполисах. Устойчивость транспорта, экологические условия местности, здравоохранение и экономическое положение жителей можно повысить путем перехода к более мобильной общественного транспорта. Простыми словами, мобильность с помощью общественного транспорта позволяет уменьшить неблагоприятное влияние использования автомобилей на состояние окружающей среды и здоровье. Уровень мобильности города можно улучшить, обеспечив хорошо организованную транспортную систему. Итак, доступность остановок общественного транспорта, сопряженность видов общественного транспорта и мобильность системы должны рассматриваться для обеспечения удобной для пользователей системы общественного транспорта. Поэтому в полу были рассмотрены режимы движения троллейбуса и на основе этих данных было предложено систему электропитания с использованием аккумуляторной батареи. Такой вид питания транспортного средства повысит мобильность троллейбуса за счет использования силовой батареи, в свою очередь полезно при заторах, транспортных происшествиях, а также при отсутствии сети. Показано расчет инверторов необходимых для работы такой системы. Контроль будет происходить с помощью релейной управления, что позволит троллейбуса автономно двигаться, а также позволит накапливать энергию к аккумуляторной батарее.

In this work, an estimation model of state of charge (SOC) based on machine learning algorithm is proposed for the real-time back cloud driving data of electric vehicle (EV). The features of driving data transmitted to the cloud is too few to use traditional SOC estimation methods based on power battery models. We process and reconstruct the online-data combined with the characteristics of EV and power battery before training the model. Subsequently, two kinds of methods summarized for processing such cloud data, namely SOC-Interpolation based Regression Algorithm and Driving-Accumulate based Classification Algorithm. Experimental results of various machine learning algorithms show that the model is able to accurately predict SOC stocks. Experiments using various machine learning algorithms show that the model is able to accurately estimate the SOC Stock of electric vehicles in motion. Among the trained models, the SOC-Interpolation based LGB model achieves the best performance.

Recent years have witnessed novel designs of battery-free IoT tags using RF backscatter. Traditionally, they require a dedicated transmitter to excite the tag. However, such a deployment is infeasible at large scale. To counter this problem, researchers have proposed using ambient RF energy to power up the battery-free tag. In this poster, we evaluate if this ambient RF energy is sufficient to meet the power requirements of a battery-free tag in today's urban and rural areas. We also compare available ambient RF energy across different frequencies. Finally, we discuss open challenges in realising ambient backscatter systems in real-world.

With the gradual retirement of new-energy vehicle power batteries, real-time monitoring and data sharing for the life cycle of power batteries are an issue that needs urgent attention. However, data accessing and sharing between battery manufacturers, new-energy vehicle manufacturers and decommissioned battery users have not yet formed a multi-faceted mechanism. A blockchain-based power battery data sharing system is designed in order to solve this problem. Blockchain technology verifies that data is safe, traceable and non-deformable. At the same time, the feasibility of the scheme is tested by simulating the application scenario of the second-use battery in the energy storage system. The Raspberry Pi is used as the core to combine with the CAN driver chip sja1000 to develop the battery monitoring module. The system collects and publicizes the battery data on the chain, which ensures the user's privacy and the authenticity of the battery data in the database.

Expert knowledge is the foundation of the interpretability of belief rule base (BRB) expert system. However, the rule explosion problem and weak extendability of BRB limit the utilization of expert knowledge. To solve this problem, a new approximate belief rule with single attributes is proposed, with which a new expert system named as ABRB is constructed. In the new rule, the correlation among attributes is discounted by the independency factor. To illustrate the similar modelling ability of ABRB and BRB, the universal approximation ability of ABRB is proved theoretically. In the proposed ABRB, the key components, such as attributes, referential values, and the frame of discernment, can be extended to guarantee its effectiveness in the long-term practice. A case study of the Lithium-ion power battery is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.

With the widespread use of battery insulation systems, there are many optimizations for the size of the battery space in the box, the arrangement and combination methods, but there are few optimizations for the design of the battery inlet and outlet. This paper analyzes the battery insulation materials, builds a power battery heat generation analysis model, and analyzes the battery air outlet angle flow analysis, the air inlet angle material comparison analysis, and the FLUENT software is used for numerical simulation analysis to obtain the overall smooth characteristics and partial Flow rate and temperature distribution range. Finally, through the analysis of the experimental results, it can be known that for batteries with the same structure, the use of battery insulation materials can effectively improve the battery performance and extend the service life.

The voltage, thermal and consistency of the battery have great influence on the working performance and service life of the battery, so battery state monitoring and balancing management is very necessary. In this paper, based on the chip LTC6802 and CS5460A, the battery monomer voltage, total voltage, charge and discharge current and battery temperature are monitored. A model of inconsistency evaluation is established and battery whether needs to be balanced is determined by balancing strategy. The resistance equalization method and the chip LT1513 are combined to realize bidirectional battery equalization.

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of the following article: Shang Shi, Yongqi Xie, Ming Li, Yanping Yuan, Jianzu Yu, Hongwei Wu, Bin Liu, Nan Liu, ‘Non-steady experimental investigation on an integrated thermal management system for power battery with phase change materials’, Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 138, pp. 84-96, first published online 10 February 2017. Under embargo. Embargo end date: 10 February 2018. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ The version of record is available online at doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.01.069 © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

This paper presents a wireless power charging system for rechargeable batteries. Recently, misalignment between transmitting coil and receiving coils has been a significant factor to wireless power charging systems, which are prone to lateral and angular misalignment. Unfortunately, the batteries can be easily rolled because of the shape, and coils are often misaligned while charging devices, in practical situations. This paper presents the wireless power battery charging system. In order to solve the angular misalignment, two perpendicular coil having structure of ‘plus (+)’ shape was proposed. To validate the results, the proposed wireless power charging system was implemented at 6.78 MHz using loosely coupled resonant coils, and the system was verified as being robust to misalignment.

This paper details the use of an on body Accelerometer COTS RFID system for use in determining specific therapeutic movements, and the performance of said movements. Conventional methodologies rely on power intensive Bluetooth or Wi-Fi technologies for live communications, but this paper outlines the use of ultra-low power battery assistive passive modes on UHF RFID chips to harness sub-2mW continuous streaming of Accelerometer data.

An AC conductive charge system (CCS) based on SAE J1772 for electrical vehicle (EV) is proposed in this paper. This system is instituted by charge station management system (CSMS) and vehicle charge controller (VCC). The functions of CSMS include identifying the legal user ID, starting the charging management procedure, transmitting the control pilot signal to EV and waiting EV connector connected for charging. The VCC is used to confirm EV connector latched, transmit the charging messages to battery management system (BMS) and enable the onboard charger to charge the power battery pack. Finally, a CCS and 4kW onboard charger based on 48V/60Ah lithium-ion battery is implemented in this paper to verify the AC conductive charging for EV and the SAEJ1772 Standard.

In order to further study the underground charging safety of power batteries for coal mine robots, this paper proposes to study the energy transfer mechanism of power batteries in confined space and the difference of energy distribution in flammable and explosive special gas environment. On the basis of theoretical research, the safety performance of the temporary flameproof chamber formed during the underground charging process of the robot is verified by constructing the detection experimental platform of the explosion-proof automatic charging device of the robot, so as to solve the problem of potential safety hazard assessment caused by exposed contacts or unreliable docking during the underground charging process of the coal mine robot, and provide theoretical and experimental basis for the underground charging safety.

In the actual application process, power battery may not behave properly, such as insufficient charging, internal resistance increment, capacity reduction and etc, the paper establishes a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of power battery to diagnose judge and analyze. The diagnostic results are given in the form of battery health status DOH and maintenance information. The paper tests the model through Actual working conditions of electric vehicle, and the results show that the actual fault information is consistent with the diagnostic results of model. The model is reasonable, and it can be used to diagnose the faults of power battery.

When the state of charge (SOC) estimation of the battery management system (BMS) is inaccurate or the battery balance fails, the power battery in the electric vehicle may be overcharged, resulting in the decline of battery capacity and performance. In this paper, and different overcharge paths and overcharge cut-off states of charge (SOCOC) are adopted to study the influence of different overcharge conditions on the performance decay of the commercial large format LiFePO4 battery. The experimental results show that the SOCOC is the main reason for battery performance decay. When charging and discharging at the standard rate (1/3C), it will cause the phenomenon of capacity recovery, constant voltage charging time (TOCVC) and constant voltage charging capacity ratio (CCROCVC) synchronous recovery. The battery discharge capacity overcharged to 110% recovered from 59.7% to 68.4%. One battery overcharged to 105% recovered from 58.2% to 96.5%, and the other recovered from 86% to 97.5%.

Working in the extreme condition such as high temperature and discharge rate, causes the generated heat shapely increasing and rising of temperature of power battery. Further influence the cell performance. It is important to efficiently dissipate heat. In this paper, a minichannel cooling system can be designed to cope with the problem. Moreover, creating numerical model to study different placement, ambient temperature and coolant inlet properties how to function on the system. The results express the system be placed at vertical direction can obtained a good temperature effect, only sacrificing few of pump energy than placed at horizontal. The results show the variation of ambient temperature has little effect on the temperature contribution of battery module, and the temperature of the battery pack is presented linear with the coolant inlet temperature. The temperature of battery pack is decrease and the uniformity is improved by increasing the inlet velocity of the coolant. In the end, increasing the height of the channel are a better scheme through the process of structure optimization.

New energy electric vehicles have low energy consumption and do not directly produce gas pollution, and have gradually become the main research and development target of China's auto industry. Charging piles are one of the main sources of energy for electric vehicles, and the DC charging piles output adjustable DC power, and the adjustment range is large, which can directly achieve the requirements for fast charging of the power battery of electric vehicles. This paper first introduces the development status of charging piles, then analyzes the principle of DC charging piles, and designs the hardware and software of DC charging piles. The safe and efficient DC charging pile system has laid a good foundation for the development of electric vehicles in China.

Detection of the power battery capacity and its fading is still a problem, owing to the commonly test method time-consuming and destructively. Based on the principle of battery electrochemistry and computer tomography, the X-ray computed tomography image detection of battery capacity fading is proposed because of the advantage of quick, accurate and non-destructive. A kind of typical rectangular LiFePO 4 battery which used in pure electric vehicle is experiment object. The structure morphological change is extracted by tomography image of battery in different capacity fading. Combining with the traditional electrochemical performance detection, the relationship between the electrochemical performance parameter and the structure morphological parameter is studied. The experimental result shows that the variation of active material's area is relate to the capacity fading of battery. The more the active material's area decrease, the more the capacity fading. The X-ray computed tomography image detection method is a practical, quickly, and non-destructively method to detect capacity fading.

The DE algorithm has strong global search ability and robustness, but also has the shortcoming of slow convergence speed and local search ability is insufficient, and TLBO algorithm has the advantage of strong local search ability and faster convergence speed, but will be fall into the local optimum when dealing with complex problems. In this paper, the DE algorithm and TLBO algorithm are combined to construct a two-population co-evolutionary algorithm based on the DE and TLBO algorithm (DPCEDT). By theory analysis, the proposed DPCEDT algorithm can be used to improve the SOC estimation algorithm of power battery which is an extremely complex problem.

It is recommended that decommissioned power batteries be categorized as scrap batteries for recycling or batteries with remaining capacity for use in cascade utilization. Leadership from the public sector combined with the power of social participation should see China taking the opportunity to develop the related extensibility research and work on urban minerals, encouraging upstream and downstream enterprises as well as terminal users to implement decommissioned power battery utilization.

A novel, generic methodology to manufacture hierarchically porous electrode structures directly onto current collectors has been developed based on layer-by-layer spray printing, here exemplified using TiO2(B) nanotubes for lithium-ion batteries. By optimizing and then exploiting the bi-solvent drying behavior of the spray printed ink to trigger self-assembly of the active TiO2(B) into a coral-like structure, controlled through-thickness pore channels were created, which were shown to promote lithium-ion mobility throughout the electrode. Using these optimized structures, the electrode thickness-dependent performance of TiO2(B) electrodes at high charge/discharge rates was compared with conventional slurry cast electrodes and revealed the superiority of the self-assembled electrodes, especially at the highest discharge rates. We also show this self-assembly effect in other active materials and over large areas, suggesting the potential for wide use of this approach for electrodes where fast dynamic response is prioritized.

Power battery's remaining capacity is affected by many interior and exterior uncertainties during use. To achieve estimate of current remaining measurable battery power by using battery measurable parameter data, which has always been the core issue of electric vehicle battery management system and the technical difficulties need to be resolved. In this paper, Kalman filtering theory is introduced in estimation algorithm, and then combined with open circuit voltage method and ampere measurement method, the SOC estimation according with the requirements of the electric car is achieved.

Due to the complexity in the process of the welding, the welding parameters selection and reasonable matching will influence the quality of the power battery joints. There are not specific mathematical models between the welding parameter and the welding quality in the current period and the selection of the welding parameters is only depended on experience. In this paper, the orthogonal test is conducted on the main technological parameter of the welding of power battery packs and the optimal combination of parameters is gained after the analysis of the results of the test, which promotes the quality of the spot welding of power battery packs in series connection and in parallel connection.

To reduce energy consumption and improve energy utilization efficiency of electric vehicles (EVs), the relationship among power battery pack, dynamics performance, and driving range is revealed in this paper. A power battery optimizing configuration model has been developed to meet the requirements of driving range and dynamics of electric vehicles, and the corresponding design steps are given in this paper. A set of special software of power battery optimization configuration for electric vehicles is developed, which is both convenient and practical. A case was employed to validate the accuracy of the power battery optimizing configuration system software.

In this study, soak liquor generated from leather processing was treated by electro chemical oxidation using battery-integrated solar photovoltaic system (BI-SPV) as power source. The influence of operating parameter such as current density, pH and contact time on Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal was studied. The objective of the battery-integrated solar photovoltaic system was to reduce the electrical energy consumption and store the energy in the battery and supply continuously without any interruption for the electro oxidation process. A kinetic model was developed for the treatment of soak liquor using BI-SPV system. The results revealed that the treatment of soaked liquor could be effectively treated at low cost by this eco-friendly BI-SPV system.

The crushing tests are generally performed at room temperature based on actual standards, but in fact, the power battery work in variety of different environment temperatures. Therefore, the crushing tests of the power battery were researched at different environment temperatures (-30℃, 20℃, 40℃ and 65℃). The results showed that the crush can induce the internal short circuit, thermal runaway and even fire and explosion. The other result is that the higher the environment temperature is, the worse the battery thermal stability is. That is to say, the battery is prone to induce thermal runaway when the temperature is high.

A 3-D module of power battery thermal management unit with phase change material is formulated. The cold start-up time of air heating is 4.2 times of phase change material heating from 243.15 to 283.15 K. The temperature difference decreases from 9.9 to 4.6°C when the thermal conductivity of the phase change material increases to five times. The heat transports from the domain near an electrode can reheat the domain away from the electrode and make the thermal energy distributing more even inside the battery. A well-designed thermal management system with phase change material is positive for power battery applying under cold temperature.