Search

Детский организм чрезвычайно восприимчив к действию различных возбудителей, токсинов, химических веществ, а также психических стрессов [1]. Возросшая антигенная нагрузка на детский организм в современных экологических, экономических и социальных условиях изменила течение многих заболеваний. Прежде всего к таким негативным моментам в здоровье детей в настоящее время следует отнести высокую частоту сочетанной патологии ряда органов и систем, увеличение случаев диагностики аллергических состояний, распространение заболеваний, в основе которых лежит острый или хронический эндотоксикоз [2]. Поэтому очень важно направить терапевтические и профилактические усилия педиатров на минимизацию воздействия отрицательных эндогенных факторов на организм ребенка [1]. В данной публикации представлен обзор клинических работ, демонстрирующих опыт клинического применения комплексного биорегуляционного препарата Лимфомиозот немецкой компании «Биологише Хайльмиттель Хеель ГмбХ» (далее — «Хеель») при распространенных заболеваниях в детском возрасте [3–5]. Лимфомиозот — базовый дренажный комплексный биорегуляционный препарат, улучшающий отток лимфы из тканей и органов, оказывающий дезинтоксикационное и противовоспалительное действие, что создает условия для оптимизации течения воспаления и полного его завершения. Лимфомиозот обладает благоприятным профилем безопасности и хорошей переносимостью [1, 2, 6–15]. Разрешен к применению с рождения.

Purpose of Review To provide an up-to-date, customizable approach to the worker presenting with dermatitis. Recent Findings Occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) is often a result of combined allergic, irritant, and endogenous factors. Potential causes of OCD can be categorized in 3 main groupings: workplace materials, personal protective equipment, and skin care. Although patterns of dermatitis may provide some indication of the etiological factor(s), patch testing remains essential in the diagnosis of allergic OCD. Management of OCD may require changes in workplace practices to reduce worker exposure to the causative agents and improve skin care practices. Summary OCD is a multifaceted condition with significant consequences for affected workers and their families, employers, and insurers. A methodical and individualized approach to the patient with OCD should ensure timely and accurate diagnosis(es).

Human health is plagued by several challenges throughout life. Different endogenous and exogenous factors influence the well-being of humans. The endogenous factors may be the enzymes and hormonal functions that alter the normal human physiological status and cause diseases like metabolic disorders, organ dysfunctions (liver diseases, heart diseases), and several others. Also, the human immune system and the cells involved in the immune responses may be disturbed causing autoimmune disorders, and tumors/cancers/malignancies. The exogenous reasons for human illnesses may be infectious diseases caused by microbes, chemicals, toxins, and others to those humans get exposed during their lifetime. The management of such illnesses and diseases is generally carried out by qualified physicians, and surgeons, and respective clinical experts in healthcare institutions that include hospitals. The drugs, devices, and other agents used to manage human diseases are synthesized and tested exhaustively before being approved and marketed for human use for their safety and efficacy by performing clinical research. In this review, we attempt to delineate the different types of clinical research and their implications.

Background: High mortality and disability of patients with critical and supercritical burns, long-term treatment, unsatisfactory aesthetic and functional results lead to the search for ways to provide assistance aimed at counteracting the formation of a mass of necrotic tissue, which is crucial for life or death of the victim. Material and methods: The experimental study was performed on 60 sexually mature Wistar rats, which were on a regular diet and weighed 150-160 g. The experimental animals were divided into the main and control groups and were used to simulate burns with boiling water of IIb degree. Results: The traumatic effect of hyperthermic exogenous and endogenous damage factors of the animals in the main group were immediately neutralized by a gauze napkin soaked in water at a temperature of 18-20 ° C immediately after the simulation of burns, the duration of which became the criterion for dividing them into subgroups. In animals of subgroup 1 the time of application of a wet wipe to the burn area was 1 min., in the 2nd subgroup it was 5 min., 3rd subgroup – 10 min., 4th subgroup – 15 min., 5th subgroup – 20 min. The application napkin was changed when it was heated to 34 °C. Such applications were not performed to the animals of the control group. Conclusions: The conclusion was made on the necessity of prompt neutralization of traumatic action of hyperthermic exogenous and endogenous damage factors as the main elements of burn wound depth. For a broader understanding of action mechanisms of the suggested technology of self-help and mutual first aid as well as the nature of the impact of neutralization directly on the tissues, it is advisable to supplement the research with morphological methods

Human health and its optimal functional state depend on the efficiency of the body’s regulatory systems that respond to changes in a complex of exogenous and endogenous factors, ensuring timely adaptation to changing living conditions. However, natural factors, which largely determined the direction of evolution of the human body, are increasingly receding into the background, giving way to anthropogenic factors, including working conditions. That is why the aim of the scientific article was to study the state of the cardio-respiratory system in workers who are involved in various production processes, depending on their body constitution. The study of central and cerebral hemodynamics was conducted on men aged 21-35 years (90 people in total), which were divided into 3 groups, 30 persons in each: involved in industrial production, agricultural workers and residents of relatively environmentally friendly areas of Volyn region. At the first stage of the study, absolute anthropometric indicators (age, height, weight, chest circumference) were measured and the integrated indicator (Pignet index) was calculated. The next stage of the study involved functional diagnostics of the cardiovascular system of the subjects using functional ECG techniques, Kubicek rheography and rheoencephalography. Registration and analysis of relevant indicators was carried out using a set of hardware and software survey methods “Askold” (Kyiv, 1997). Statistical analysis of intergroup differences was performed using Student’s t-test and Man-Whitney U-test, the level of relationship between the individual parameters was assessed by the Pearson method. It is proved that the anthropometric indicators of persons exposed to chronic exposure to harmful production factors do not differ in the group of persons involved in industrial production and in agriculture. It is shown that in subjects who are exposed to negative factors of the production environment for a long time (both during the production of agricultural products and in an industrial enterprise) there are compensatory changes in central hemodynamics (stroke volume and myocardial capacity) compared with the control group persons from ecologically clean areas of Volyn region. Employees of the industrial enterprise showed signs of deterioration of the amplitude-time characteristics of cerebral blood flow in both hemispheres, as evidenced by indicators of rapid filling time, rheographic coefficient and average blood flow velocity. These parameters differ from similar parameters of agricultural workers and residents of relatively environmentally friendly regions. Thus, the identified features of the indicators in the groups of subjects exposed to chronic exposure to negative factors of the production environment, indicate the functional nature of the identified changes that are compensatory in nature.

Calcium is responsible for the effectiveness of various processes, and its supply in the diet is necessary for the normal function of the human body. Apart from being an important component of the skeleton, calcium also helps maintain the structure of cell organelles and regulates intracellular and extracellular fluid homeostasis. This review presents the nutritional and health factors that affect the bioavailability of calcium. Physiological conditions and factors such as pregnancy, infancy, menopause, old age, hormones, growth factors associated with calcium metabolism, diseases limiting its absorption, and intestinal microbiota are distinguished among endogenous factors. Although the calcium supply in the body is genetically conditioned and specific to each person, its qualitative and quantitative composition can be modified by external factors. The exogenous factors include dietary modifications with particular nutrients and pharmacological treatment. Adequate calcium levels increase bone protection and prevent osteoporosis, a disease involving low mineral bone mass.

A literature review in the article presents an analysis of the influence of endogenous and exogenous factors on quality of preanalytical phase of laboratory testing. The review shows significance of external and internal factors influencing blood samples at preanalytical phase of laboratory testing. Among the exogenous factors considered: phlebotomy, test tubes for samples, transportation and storage. A number of factors exist at this phase that significantly affect test results. We examined these aspects of phlebotomy process: staff training, disinfectant contamination, needle diameter, needle material contamination. The review considers possible contamination with tube components and the importance of choosing the right anticoagulants and excipients. Transportation and storage of biological samples can be a source of errors at the preanalytical phase of laboratory testing. We analyzed the problem of determining the stability of analytes during storage and aspects of transportation samples by modern means. Among the endogenous factors considered: hemolysis, lipemia, icterricity, cell metabolism.. Hemolysis is one of the most frequent consequences of errors at the preanalytical phase. We analyzed importance of choosing a method for identifying hemolized tubes and the heterogeneity of bias results on different analytical systems. The review shows contribution of various classes of lipoproteins to turbidity of sample, possible preanalytical errors and impact on analytical tests. We examined possible effects of high bilirubin concentrations on analyte measurements. In the review, we also examined metabolism of some cells and its effect on samples.

Platelets play a crucial role in hemostasis, tissue regeneration and host defense. Based on these settings, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and its derivatives are therapeutically used to promote wound healing in several scenarios. This review summarizes the biological mechanisms underlying the most traditional as well as innovative applications of PRP in wound healing. These mechanisms involve the combined action of platelet-derived growth factors and cytokines, together with the role of plasma-derived fibrillar, antioxidant and homeostatic factors. In addition, regenerative treatments with PRP consist of personalized and non-standardized methods. Thus, the quality of PRP varies depending on endogenous factors (e.g., age; gender; concomitant medication; disease-associated systemic factors; nutrition) and exogenous factors (anticoagulants and cellular composition). This review also analyses whether these factors affect the biological mechanisms of PRP in wound healing applications.

Peripartum replacement of factor VIII and von Willebrand factor is not usually required in type 1 von Willebrand disease, as the levels of endogenous factors tend to increase to within the normal range as a physiological change of pregnancy. However, there is wide heterogeneity of genotypes and phenotypes associated with type 1 von Willebrand disease. Here, we describe the anesthetic management of a parturient with type 1C von Willebrand disease, a subtype characterized by decreased plasma von Willebrand factor survival.

The theoretical bases of determining the influence of banking sector on the innovative development of economy are systematized and improved. The current theoretical provisions characterizing the processes for organization of relations between banks and enterprises of real sector of economy and arising from financing of innovative development of the country are determined. Different approaches of scientists to assess the relationship between banking sector and economic growth are described. The generalization of the current approaches in the scientific literature for the definition of «interaction of the banking and real sectors» allowed us to say that they are limited to the composition of participants and the priority in the initiation of interaction; the scale of interaction (interaction on micro-, meso- and macroeconomic levels based on the influence of endogenous and exogenous factors) and the forms of interaction (syndicated lending, integration, partnership).It is proved that financial interaction between the subjects of the innovation process is determined by exogenous and endogenous factors. Exogenous factors are a set of factors of macro- and microeconomic environments, which form the position of the external environment of the national banking sector and create the potential for opportunities to finance innovation. The group of endogenous factors consists of transformational and transactional factors that shape the internal environment of banks, determine the availability of their financial potential and the possibility of using it to finance the needs of innovative economic development. The study proved the possibility of obtaining a positive or negative synergistic effect from bank financing of innovative development, depending on the impact of mentioned factors on the results of lending relations and the possibility of forming the required financial resources for banks’ lending to innovative projects and programs, taking into account threats and innovation risks. The possibility of the impact of innovative loans of banking sector on the development of economy at the macro- and microeconomic levels is assessed. It is indicated that understanding the results of the processes of interaction between banks and borrowers under the influence of various factors will contribute to the formation of an effective lending risk management system to obtain a positive effect from bank lending to the needs of innovative economic development. Keywords: innovative development of economy, the bank, the borrower, the financial interaction, factors of influence the potential, synergistic effect, innovative risks. JEL Classіfіcatіon G21,G24, O16, O31 Formulas: 0; fig.: 1; tabl.: 0; bibl.: 20.

BACKGROUND: Many factors can influence the occurrence of dermatitis; this factor is divided into two, namely exogenous and endogenous factors. Fishermen are jobs that are susceptible to disease in dermatitis, especially contact dermatitis in the small island. AIM: This study aimed to determine the factors associated with the incidence of contact dermatitis in fishermen on the Spermonde islands. METHODS: This study was an observational analytic study using a cross-sectional design study. This research was conducted on Lae-Lae, Barrang Lompo, and Lumu-Lumu Island in 2019. Samples in this study were 110 fishermen obtained using Accidental sampling techniques. Data collection is using research instruments. RESULTS: Data analysis performed was univariate and bivariate analysis with a Chi-square test. Based on the results of the study, the research variables related to factors affecting contact dermatitis in fishermen in the Spermonde Islands were a history of skin diseases (p = 0.000), use of PPE (p = 0.000), personal hygiene (p = 0.000), and working period (p = 0.003) while unrelated factors are age (p = 0.373). CONCLUSION: Fishermen should pay more attention to four factors, namely the history of skin diseases, the use of PPE, hygiene, and work period, to avoid contact dermatitis.

Healthcare expenditure on pharmaceuticals, especially innovative oncology drugs, is escalating. Current knowledge on this topic is largely limited to studies conducted upon reimbursement of new drugs. We investigated how endogenous factors (e.g., changed reimbursement criteria, such as an expanded indication) and exogenous factors (e.g., competing drugs) affect the level and trends of innovative oncology drug utilization in the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) system, both upon reimbursement and afterward. This retrospective longitudinal study analyzed monthly data (January 2009 to December 2014) from the NHI Research Database on the consumption (prescribing volume) of 15 innovative oncology drugs reimbursed by the NHI between 2007 and 2013. Effects of endogenous and exogenous factors on drug utilization were evaluated using interrupted time series analyses. In segmented regression analyses, changed drug prescribing volume after the indication expanded (endogenous factor) was statistically significant; however, drug volume did not change significantly after prescription restrictions changed. First‐competitors and non‐first‐competitors (exogenous factors) were significantly associated with drug prescription levels or utilization rates. Taking sorafenib as an example, the post‐reimbursement drug prescribing volume did not change significantly after its therapy line changed (endogenous factor), whereas the reimbursement of first‐competitors (exogenous factor) was significantly associated with a lower level or usage rate of sorafenib. Utilization of innovative oncology drugs in Taiwan changed dramatically after NHI reimbursement, driven largely by expanded indications and new competitors. Drug utilization evaluations should investigate both endogenous and exogenous factors.

Ageing is a natural phenomenon which is a fold, ridge and crease in the skin that occurs due to loss of body mass, poor hydration, disintegration of dermis and epidermis junction. The Skin ageing process involves many changes that occur due to the combination of both endogenous factors (gene mutation, cellular metabolism, and hormonal factor) and exogenous factors (U.V, pollutants, chemical, and toxins). In 1950, the number of older people were found to be almost 205 million across the globe. But this number almost got 4 times by the year 2012 and the number of older persons increased to a massive amount of 810 million. The ageing of the skin occurs due to various mechanisms like glycation, free radical, cell cycle, and cellular and molecular mechanism of skin ageing. In this review article, we have discussed the treatment, worldwide newer therapies and marketed formulation that are currently available for the reduction of skin ageing. The most promising and revolutionizing field of nanotechnology is mostly applied in the field of dermatology, cosmetics, and biomedical applications. Nanotechnology also plays a vital role in increasing the efficacy of the product.

Nowadays, many consumers prefer foods with a high content of nutraceuticals that contribute to the prevention or healing of chronic diseases. Therefore, in recent years, more and more researchers have studied the bioefficiency, safety, and toxicity of nutraceutical-enriched foods. The key stage of nutraceutical bioefficiency is oral bioavailability, which involves the following processes: the release of nutraceuticals from food matrices or nanocarriers in gastrointestinal fluids, the solubilization of nutraceuticals and their interaction with other components of gastrointestinal fluids, the absorption of nutraceuticals by the epithelial layer, and the chemical and biochemical transformations into epithelial cells. These processes are endogenous factors that greatly influence the bioavailability of nutraceuticals. In addition to endogenous factors, the bioavailability of nutraceuticals is also affected by exogenous factors, such as: physicochemical properties of nutraceuticals, food matrix, food processing and storage, and so forth. Both the endogenous and exogenous factors are comprehensively analyzed in this review. Thus, the physicochemical and enzymatic processes involved in food digestion are described, highlighting the role of each stage of gastrointestinal tract (mouth, stomach, and intestine) in nutraceuticals bioaccessibility. The structure and functions of the mucus and epithelial layers, the mechanisms involved in the active and passive transport of nutraceuticals through the cell membrane, and phase I and phase II metabolism reactions are also discussed. Finally, this review focuses on several types of bioactive-loaded nanocarriers such as lipid-based, surfactant-based, and biopolymeric nanocarriers that improve the bioavailability of nutraceuticals.

An extensive body of literature documents large and persistent within-industry heterogeneity of firm performance. While some authors explain such evidence in terms of input misallocation, we provide an alternative analytical framework that integrates insights from resource-based and institutional approaches. We interpret firms’ behaviour as the result of the interaction among exogenous and endogenous factors. Exogenous factors, both supply and demand related, define the opportunity set that is available to firms. Endogenous factors reflect instead firm-specific interpretations of such set, which, combined with the available resources and capabilities, determine a firm’s strategic responses, which can be markedly heterogeneous. Whenever the diversity of firm conducts is associated with relatively small profit differentials, firm heterogeneity can persist. Evidence based on the evolution of labour productivity and profit dispersion in the Italian manufacturing sector between the 1990s and early 2000s provides support for our interpretative framework.

Hematological studies of fishes are useful in the diagnosis of many diseases as well as investigation of the extent of damage to the blood. These parameters act as efficient and insightful index to examine health status, physiological and pathological changes occurring in various fishes, i.e., metabolic perturbations in fish body thereby acting as non-specific biomarkers in the field of environmental toxicology, deficiencies and chronic stress in natural as well as aquaculture systems and checking water quality. The assessments of these blood parameters help the biologists to understand the fish homeostasis and biomonitoring of severe and chronic patho-physiological changes inferable to nutrition, water quality, or disease so as to establish the normal reference values of different species and determine systematic relationships among them. Lot of work on various aspects of hematological parameters and their relation with ecological factors has been reported on several fish species from different parts of the world. Each study attributes one or other factors responsible for variation in hematological parameters among different fish species. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt has been made to compile the information about the hematological studies of various fish species reported from different parts of the world, and through this study, a general overview has been generated about the major factors responsible for the variation in hematological parameters of fish. The review provides an insight to the characteristics of hematological values showing that fluctuating internal environment of the fish, along with other intrinsic (age, body size, the cycle of sexual maturity, health condition, nutritional state, species) and extrinsic factors (temperature, stress, season, dissolved oxygen, water quality, lotic or lentic environment, stocking density, photoperiod, sampling conditions, laboratory techniques), are the reasons of huge variability of hematological parameters in fishes.

Background: Increased micronuclei (MNi) frequencies in human lymphocytes are an indicator of chromosome instability and could be influenced by different exogenous and endogenous factors. The increa...

Alcoholic liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are chronic non-communicable diseases with an extremely high prevalence among the world's population. Currently, there is a tendency to a rapid increase in their number with frequent disability of patients and a high need for liver transplantation. Violations of the main metabolic processes in the liver under the influence of exogenous and endogenous factors are the starting point in the development of alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver pathology. This review discusses the main recommendations for non-drug and drug management of patients with liver diseases of non-viral etiology with a detailed description of the main hepatoprotectors with an emphasis on the universal properties of silymarin.

Mainstay haemophilia treatment, namely intravenous factor replacement, poses several clinical challenges including frequent injections due to the short half-life of recombinant factors, intravenous administration (which is particularly challenging in those with difficult venous access), and the risk of inhibitor development. These impact negatively upon quality of life and treatment compliance, highlighting the need for improved therapies. Several novel pharmacological therapies developed for haemophilia aim to rebalance the clotting cascade and potentially circumvent the aforementioned challenges. These therapies utilise a range of different mechanisms, namely: the extension of the circulating half-life of standard recombinant factors; the mimicking of factor VIII cofactor activity; rebalancing of coagulation through targeting of natural anticoagulants such as antithrombin and tissue factor pathway inhibitor; and inducing the production of endogenous factors with gene therapy. These therapies carry the potential of revolutionising haemophilia treatment by alleviating the current challenges presented by mainstay factor replacement. This review will provide an overview of the key trial findings related to novel therapies based on the mechanisms described above.

This study looked into the possible reasons of crises in Nigeria's financial sector from 1960 to 2014. The scope of the study encompassed two distinct phases of the country's financial crises. Both the country's policy and economic environments might have played a significant role in the magnitude of the crises experienced during the various periods. The empirical model was defined by an analytical approach embedded in allied studies. Preliminary analyzes were conducted on the data used to rule out the possibility of spurious statistical results. Both endogenous and exogenous components were estimated using a regression model. The majority of endogenous factors had extremely consistent signals and importance. The impact of most exogenous causes and closely related domestic activity found parallels in the country's business cycles. Greater caution in policy design and a lower propensity to borrow externally could help to mitigate the negative effects on the system's growth determinants.

The resolution of inflammation (or inflammation-resolution) is an active and highly coordinated process. Inflammation-resolution is governed by several endogenous factors, and specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are one such class of molecules that have robust biological function. Non-resolving inflammation is associated with a variety of human diseases, including atherosclerosis. Moreover, non-resolving inflammation is a hallmark of ageing, an inevitable process associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Uncovering mechanisms as to why inflammation-resolution is impaired in ageing and in disease and identifying useful biomarkers for non-resolving inflammation are unmet needs. Recent work has pointed to a critical role for balanced ratios of SPMs and pro-inflammatory lipids (i.e. leucotrienes and/or specific prostaglandins) as a key determinant of timely inflammation resolution. This review will focus on the accumulating findings that support the role of non-resolving inflammation and imbalanced pro-resolving and pro-inflammatory mediators in atherosclerosis. We aim to provide insight as to why these imbalances occur, the importance of ageing in disease progression, and how haematopoietic function impacts inflammation-resolution and atherosclerosis. We highlight open questions regarding therapeutic strategies and mechanisms of disease to provide a framework for future studies that aim to tackle this important human disease.

Stroke occurrence is not randomly distributed over time but has circadian rhythmicity with the highest frequency of onset in the morning hours. This specific temporal pattern is valid for all subtypes of cerebral infarction and intracerebral hemorrhage. It also correlates with the circadian variation of some exogenous factors such as orthostatic changes, physical activity, sleep-awake cycle, as well as with endogenous factors including dipping patterns of blood pressure, or morning prothrombotic and hypofibrinolytic states with underlying cyclic changes in the autonomous system and humoral activity. Since the internal clock is responsible for these circadian biological changes, its disruption may increase the risk of stroke occurrence and influence neuronal susceptibility to injury and neurorehabilitation. This review aims to summarize the literature data on the circadian variation of cerebrovascular events according to physiological, cellular, and molecular circadian changes, to survey the available information on the chronotherapy and chronoprophylaxis of stroke and its risk factors, as well as to discuss the less reviewed impact of the circadian rhythm in stroke onset on patient outcome and functional status after stroke.

Asthma triggers are exogenous or endogenous factors that could worsen asthma acutely to cause an exacerbation, or perpetuate chronic symptoms and airflow limitation. Because it is well known that recent asthma exacerbations and poor symptom control are strong predictors of future disease activity, it is not surprising that the number of (allergic or nonallergic) asthma triggers in the environment correlates with the disease-related quality of life. There is a need to identify and avoid specific triggers as the centerpiece of disease management, especially in those with heightened sensitivity to certain factors.

Despite the important role of the thyroid gland in regulating the functions of the body, the gland is quite sensitive to the adverse effects of various factors on the body. The purpose of the work is to analyze modern sources of scientific literature devoted to the study of the influence of exo- and endogenous factors on the morpho-functional properties of the thyroid gland. Literary data on the influence on the thyroid gland of various environmental chemicals, insufficient or excessive consumption of iodine and selenium, vitamin D deficiency, exposure to pharmaceuticals, smoking, environmental temperature, irradiation, infections, stress, as well as factors of the internal environment, such as atherosclerosis and pregnancy. There are a small number of modern scientific studies concerning the influence on the structure and function of the thyroid gland consequences of thermal injury of the skin.

Introduction: Occupational contact dermatitis can be interpreted as a health problem on the skin caused by exogenous and endogenous factors related to work. Electroplating is one of high-risk jobs that caused occupational contact dermatitis because of direct contact with chemicals during working. In addition, contact dermatitis is also affected by individual factors of each worker. This research purpose was to identify the relationship among endogenous factors and the occupational contact dermatitis case in metal coating workers in home industry. Method: The research design used was observational with a cross sectional approach. The total population was used as the sampling technique in this study with a total of 28 workers from two metal coating industries in Durungbanjar Village consisting 13 workers from CV. M and 15 workers from CV. N. The data were obtained from the survey, sighting, and medical record notes. Variables from the study included age, working period, history of illness, and personal hygiene. The data were processed using the coefficient contingency test. Result: There were 64.3% of electroplating workers experienced contact dermatitis. The age aspect has a weak relationship (c = 0.295), the working period element has a weak relationship (c = 0.298), the disease history factor has a weak relationship (c = 0.352) and the individual hygiene factor has a strong relationship (c = 0.547). Conclusion: The endogenous factors including age, working period, history of disease, and personal hygiene affect contact dermatitis case. There is a strong relationship between personal hygiene and contact dermatitis cases in metal coating workers. The worse personal hygiene of the workers, the higher risk of workers experiencing contact dermatitis. Age, working period, and history of disease had weak relationship with contact dermatitis case.Keywords: contact dermatitis, endogenous factors, metal coatings

Aims Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are sugar modified adducts which arise during non-enzymatic glycoxidative stress. These compounds may become systemically elevated in disease states, and accumulate in tissue, especially on long-lived proteins. AGEs have been implicated in various acute, and chronic diseases, stressing the need for reliable and comprehensive measuring techniques. Measurement of AGEs in tissue such as skin requires skin biopsies, which is an invasive procedure. The AGE Reader has been developed to assess skin autofluorescence (SAF) non-invasively by the fluorescent properties of several AGEs. Results/Conclusion Various studies have shown that SAF is a useful marker of disease processes associated with oxidative stress. It is prospectively associated with development of cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes, renal or cardiovascular disease, and it predicts diabetes, cardiovascular disease and mortality in the general population. However, when measuring SAF in individual subjects, several factors may limit the reliability of the measurement, and hamper its use as a systemic biomarker for AGEs. These include endogenous factors present in the skin that absorb emission light such as melanin in dark-skinned subjects, but also factors that lead to temporal changes in SAF such as acute diseases and strenuous physical exercise associated with glycoxidative stress. Also, exogenous factors could potentially influence SAF levels inadvertently such as nutrition, and for example the application of skin care products. This review will give an overview of the AGE Reader functionality and the intrinsic, and exogenous factors which potentially influence the SAF assessment in individual subjects.

This study looks at the educational experiences, from the preschool years to advanced professional training in STEM fields, of a targeted sample of 10 (7 male, 3 female) early college entrants in China who later became professors at prestigious USA research universities. The purpose of the study was to find out (1) what some identifiable endogenous factors were about these individuals that facilitated the success of their accelerated learning and development, (2) what kinds of exogenous factors (e.g., environmental opportunities, resources, support) they experienced from childhood to adulthood that enhanced the successful acceleration experience, and (3) how these endogenous and exogenous factors facilitated their developmental transitions every step of the way, especially from the role of a student to that of an aspiring scientist. These questions are addressed in light of evolving complexity theory. Retrospective interviews were used for data collection. Thematic analysis of the codes from interview data yielded a conceptual map. A distinct set of endogenous and exogenous factors at different developmental junctures were identified, and their dynamic interplay was delineated to account for accelerated trajectories toward a scientific research career. The theoretical significance and practical implications of the study for talent development in science are discussed.

peer-reviewed Research has been consistently showing the role of zinc (Zn) in prostate function. In this article, we review the current literature on the anatomy and main functions of the prostate, highlighting the role of zinc. In particular, we will review the etiology of benign prostate enlargement (BPH), its prevalence in men over 50, the likelihood of BPH becoming prostate cancer (PCa), and explain the relationship of zinc and apoptosis in the prostate cells and the implications for BPH and PCa. We present a model that explains how endogenous factors provoke excretion of zinc or limit zinc absorption, and how exogenous factors like nutrition and drugs regularly used in men over 50 can significantly decrease zinc status and thereby increase the risk of BPH. Finally, we explain how Zn amino acid (AA) complexes may be capable of avoiding antagonists and inhibitors of zinc absorption, thereby increasing the bioavailability of zinc for the necessary biological processes in the prostate.

There has long been anecdotal evidence of early labor and delivery in severe weather events leading to preterm birth. In particular, significant barometric pressure changes are associated with hurricanes and bomb cyclones. Some authors have related these low pressure weather events to premature rupture of fetal membranes, hypothesizing that the membranes act as an inflated balloon and respond directly to pressure changes. In this article, the key literature including data supporting this hypothesis is reviewed. A simple numerical model, based on a competition between the driving and resisting forces for fetal membrane rupture, is presented. This model provides a quantitative mechanism for membrane failure in the context of storms with low atmospheric pressure. Other sequelae of severe storms that are unrelated to fetal membrane rupture are also discussed. Labor and delivery in the context of major weather events should be understood in a holistic framework that includes both exogenous and endogenous factors relevant to the pregnant patient.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a sexually dimorphic disease that for unknown reasons affects women more than men. The role of estrogens, both endogenous and exogenous, and reproductive factors in this female susceptibility is still poorly understood. It has been strongly suggested that sex hormones may influence the development and progression of the disease. We sought to determine whether sex hormone exposures and reproductive factors associate with PAH patients compared to control subjects, using a questionnaire and interview to obtain information regarding these potential risk factors. We conducted a single-center unmatched case-control study. Six hundred and thirty-four women and men with PAH, as well as 27 subjects with BMPR2 mutations but no PAH and 132 healthy population controls were enrolled from the Vanderbilt Pulmonary Hypertension Research Cohort and researchmatch.org. Questionnaires and nurse-led interviews were conducted to obtain information regarding sex hormone exposures and reproductive factors. Additional history was obtained on enrolled patients including disease severity variables and comorbidities. Responses to the questionnaires were analyzed to describe these exposures in this population as well as assess the association between disease severity variables and sex hormone exposures. Reproductive and endogenous factors that determine lifelong estrogen exposure were similar between PAH cases and controls. Patients with associated PAH were significantly more likely to be postmenopausal compared to controls. There were similar rates of "ever-use" and duration of use of oral contraceptive pills and hormone replacement therapy in patients when compared to controls. Disease severity variables were not significantly affected by any exposure after adjusting for PAH sub-group. In contrast to our hypothesis, that a greater exposure to exogenous sources of female sex hormones associates with PAH case status, we found similar rates of endogenous and exogenous sex hormone exposure between PAH patients and unmatched controls.

Objectives Assess all risk factors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in pregnancy and puerperium. Methods Different guidelines for VTE prevention have been analyzed. Results Various recommendations have appeared for practitioners during the last 10–15 years on the basis of the risk factors analysis in order to prevent VTE in pregnant women more effectively. Nevertheless, none of these recommendations can yet take into account all risk factors, although convenient scoring systems have emerged for risk assessment and clear recommendations on anti-thrombotic prophylaxis regimens in risk groups in recent years. Conclusions VTE is the third most common cause of death on Earth after myocardial infarctions and strokes, according to the World Health Organization. Pregnancy is a unique condition of woman, when enormous changes occur in functioning of the most important systems of homeostasis in a relatively short time. These are physiological hypercoagulation, slowing of blood flow, increase in circulating blood volume, etc. However, while being physiological, these changes increase the risks of venous thromboembolism by almost six times. In some cases, there appears an imbalance or dissociation between the functioning of natural antithrombotic systems and the activation of coagulation as a consequence of genetically or acquired determined causes (genetic thrombophilia, antiphospholipid syndrome, comorbidities, obstetric complications and other exogenous and endogenous factors). Accordingly, identification of risk factors, their systematization, and determination of VTE risks in pregnancy and puerperium is one of the most important tasks of clinical medicine. This article will review historical understanding of thrombosis in pregnant women, progress in understanding VTE risk factors in pregnant women, and available reserves in identifying new risk factors during pregnancy and puerperium in order to stratify risks more efficiently.

Skin aging is determined by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. In the first case, the skin exhibits progressive, time-dependent deterioration signs, determined by endogenous factors. This process may also be induced or intensified by environmental factors, such as pollution, smoking, and sun exposure, which are extrinsic factors. Over time, molecular changes trigger organic alterations that, ultimately, lead to aging. With the increased life expectancy, the study of organic processes has been stimulated, with the purpose of minimizing aging effects.

It is well known that the response of individuals to disease varies, either because of unpredictable exogenous events, such as possibly unknown environmental effects, or just because of endogenous factors, i.e. different genetic background. In particular, when a treatment effectiveness has to be validated, the individual variability should be taken into account by exploiting stochastic models. Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) is an unpredictable and complex disease, whose random behaviour perfectly fits the study with stochastic models. RRMS is the most common form of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), an immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, characterized by alternate episodes of symptom exacerbation (relapses) with periods of disease stability (remission). Several treatments were proposed to contrast the disease progression. Among these, Daclizumab initially exhibited promising results. However, due to the risk of serious side effects the treatment has been retired. We propose a stochastic and an hybrid extension, based on a generalization of the high level Petri Net formalism, of an existing model of Daclizumab effects on RRMS. The model is developed to investigate the complex mechanisms and unpredictable behaviour characterizing the RRMS disease and its relapsing, especially under the Daclizumab administration.

The epidemiological studies have shown an increase of congenital heart diseases in the industrial regions of the Russian Federation. The etiology and pathogenesis of most congenital heart defects are still unknown despite high achievements in cardiology and cardiac surgery. The purpose of this review is to analyze the literature data devoted to the influence of a complex of exogenous and endogenous factors, including the genetic ones, upon the development of the sporadic congenital heart diseases, which are not associated with the chromosomal abnormalities. It isshown that the sporadic congenital heart diseases associate with the women's social factors such as a low social status and level of education, smoking, and alcohol. The air pollution with nanoparticles smaller than 10 µm is a risk factor for the development of the congenital heart diseases and other pathological conditions of the cardiovascular system. It has been proven that the alleles and genotypes of polymorphic variants of genes GATA6, NPPB (rs198388 and rs198389), CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and NAT2 have the associative links with the congenital heart disease in the children.

A psoríase é uma dermatose inflamatória crónica frequente com elevado impacto na qualidade de vida dos doentes. Diversos fatores exógenos e endógenos têm sido implicados na sua etiopatogénese, nomeadamente determinados distúrbios endócrinos. Estudos prévios têm demonstrado que as hormonas tiroideias podem estar implicadas na fisiopatologia da psoríase. Neste artigo será feita uma revisão do papel das hormonas tiroideias na psoríase assim como da evidência científica atual sobre uma possível associação entre psoríase e disfunção tiroideia.

Hair disorders are common in clinical practice and depending upon social and ethnic norms, it can cause significant psychosocial distress. Hair growth, cycling and density are regulated by many endogenous factors, mainly circulating hormones. Thus, diseases affecting the endocrine system can cause varied changes in physiological hair growth and cycling. Diagnosis and treatment of these disorders require a multidisciplinary approach involving a dermatologist, gynecologist and an endocrinologist. In this review, we briefly discuss the influence of hormones on the hair cycle and hair changes in various endocrine disorders.

Atopic dermatitis - chronic allergic skin inflammatory disease with genetic predisposition, dysbalance of immune response, dysfunction of an epidermal barrier and influence of various exogenous and endogenous factors. Epidermal barrier dysfunction leads to rising of permeability of a skin for allergens, microbs and nonspecific stimuli, as well as to sensitivity to various external influences. Clinically these implications are shown by skin xerosis symptoms therefore. According to modern clinical guidelines, the moisturizing agents, so called emollients, have to be used at all disease stages. Own data on use of modern skin care series Atopic® in complex therapy of atopic dermatitis patients are presented in the article.

Biochemistry of post-mortem muscle tissue is complex, and several factors affect the fresh meat color and color stability, both of which influence consumer acceptance. Therefore, improving meat color and meat color stability is of significant value to the meat industry and consumers. While extensive literature is available on the color and color stability of domestic ungulates, literature on wild ungulates is notably lacking. With an increasing global demand for meats from wild ungulates, it is critical to identify the knowledge gaps regarding their color and color stability. The objective of this paper is to overview the exogenous and endogenous factors influencing the color and color stability of fresh meats from domestic and wild ungulates. The literature highlighted that the pre- and post-harvest factors influencing meat color and meat color stability are interrelated and not mutually exclusive. Current research indicates that the effects of several of these factors are specific to species, breed, and muscle source. Novel ways to manipulate these factors using a biosystems approach should be explored to improve color attributes of fresh ungulate meats.

The thyroid gland is the most acceptable organ for autoimmune processes due to the negative effects of exogenous and endogenous factors on the background of genetic predisposition. A multifaceted study of the risk factors of the occurrence and progression of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) will prevent the rapid manifestation of this pathology in patients with problematic heredity background. The objective: to conduct a systematic analysis of available literature sources for the study of the risk factors of the occurrence and progres sion of AITD. Materials and methods. Clinical trials were found on the JAMA, Scholar, NCBI, Cochrane Library and PubMed databases for the 2007 2017 for keywords related to the risk factors and AITD without regard to their design. Results. The analyze of 83 articles in which the risk factors for the occurrence of AITD were studied. During the last 10-years, more attention was paid to the study of such factors as a genetic, microelements and vitamins, as well as associations with viral and systemic autoimmune diseases and their treatment. Frequency and prevalence of individual risk factors for AITD varies widely enough, depending on the design of the study and the number of subjects surveyed. In most cases, AITDs were associated with heredity, especially in the two following generations (>77%), vitamin D deficiency (>70% of patients), atrophic gastritis (>75% of cases), changes of the intestine microbiocynosis (>60%). Less important were factors such as iodine deficiency (14,5%), selenium (3,4%), tobacco smoking (15,4%), ionizing radiation (from 8,2% in the first generation to 45,5% in III generations), viral diseases and their treatment. Conclusions. Despite the large number of studies, the issue of the impact of risk factors of the occurrence and progression of AITD still remains poorly understood.

Ageing population suffer from increased risk of malnutrition which is a major determinant of accelerated loss of autonomy, adverse health outcomes and substantial health-care costs. Malnutrition is largely attributed to reduced nutrient intake, latter may be associated with several endogenous factors, such as, decline of muscle mass, oral functions and coordination that can make the eating process, difficult. From an exogenous viewpoint, nutritionally-dense foods with limited innovations in food texture have been traditionally offered to elderly population that negatively affected pleasure of eating and ultimately, nutrient intake. Recent research has recognised that older adults within the same age group are not homogenous in terms of their preferences, nutritional needs, capabilities and impediments in skill-sets. Hence, a new term ‘eating capability’ has been coined to describe various quantifiable endogenous factors in the well-coordinated eating process that may permit characterisation of the capabilities of elderly individuals in food handling and oral processing. This review covers current knowledge on eating capability focusing on parameters, such as hand and oro39 facial muscle forces. Although limited in literature, eating capability score measured using a comprehensive toolkit has shown promise to predict eating difficulty perception and oral processing behaviour. Further systematic studies are required to explore relationships between individual/multiple constituents of eating capability and oral comfort. Such knowledgebase is needed to underpin the creation of next generation of personalised texture-modified foods for elderly population using sophisticated technologies, such as 3D printing to enhance eating pleasure, increase nutrient intake that will ultimately contribute to tackling malnutrition.

Introduction. Oxygen, reacting with organic compounds in living organisms, oxidizes them without being completely reduced due to numerous exogenous as well as endogenous factors. As a consequence, free radicals or reactive oxygen species are formed. Health resort-based balneophysiotherapy is a comprehensive therapeutic intervention that triggers positive therapeutic effects within the entire system. Material and Methods. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of health resort-based balneophysiotherapy on the levels of nonenzymatic endogenous antioxidants in patients with degenerative motor organ diseases, as well as to determine potential correlation of these changes with free radical-mediated processes. Observation was carried out in patients undergoing health resort therapy as part of 21-day stay periods. The study population consisted of n=110 patients with articular and spinal pains due to degenerative diseases or discopathies. Results. Reduced bilirubin and albumin levels as well as increased uric acid levels were observed in the study group following the health resort treatment. Conclusions. Bilirubin and albumin levels were reduced while uric acid levels were increased as the result of health resort therapy in patients with degenerative motor organ diseases. The observed changes in the levels of nonenzymatic endogenous antioxidants depend on free radical-mediated systemic transformations. The trial is registered with NCT03405350.

Both seed germination and early seedling establishment are important biological processes in a plant's lifecycle. Seed longevity is a key trait in agriculture, which directly influences seed germination and ultimately determines crop productivity and hence food security. Numerous studies have demonstrated that seed deterioration is regulated by complex interactions between diverse endogenous genetically controlled factors and exogenous environmental cues, including temperature, relative humidity, and oxygen partial pressure during seed storage. The endogenous factors, including the chlorophyll concentration, the structure of the seed coat, the balance of phytohormones, the concentration of reactive oxygen species, the integrity of nucleic acids and proteins and their associated repair systems, are also involved in the control of seed longevity. A precise understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying seed longevity is becoming a hot topic in plant molecular biology. In this review, we describe recent research into the regulation of seed longevity and the interactions between the various environmental and genetic factors. Based on this, the current state-of-play regarding seed longevity regulatory networks will be presented, particularly with respect to agricultural seed storage, and the research challenges to be faced in the future will be discussed.

The cancerous process is result of disturbed cell function. This is due to the accumulation of many genetic and epigenetic changes within the cell, expressed in the accumulation of chromosomal or molecular aberrations, which leads to genetic instability. It is difficult to assess the validity of individual aetiological factors, but it can be concluded that interaction of various risk factors has the largest contribution to the cancer development. Environmental, exogenous and endogenous factors as well as individual factors, including genetic predisposition contribute to the development of cancer. Epidemiological research on the development of malignant tumors has focused over the years on the determinants of environmental and genetic factors of cancer incidence and mortality rate. According to current state of knowledge, 80–90% of malignant tumors are caused by external environmental factors (carcinogens). Epidemiological studies have proved that the main factors responsible for the development of malignant neoplasia among humans are environmental factors arising from human behaviour. It has been confirmed that smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, diet, and reproductive behaviour are important for the development of malignant neoplasia in the human population. According to the World Health Organization, in 2020 we may expect about 10 million deaths, including 7–8 million in the developing countries, while this number in the developed countries will not change and will be 2–3 million. The aim this study was systematization of knowledge concerning the risk factors of malignant tumours and supplementing them with the latest research results.

The sudden and uncontrolled proliferation of cells is a common cause of mortality. Cancer is a multifactorial disorder which involves both exogenous and endogenous factors for initiation, promotion and progression. The interplay between genes and environment induces genetic and epigenetic alterations to cause chronic diseases including cancers. The management of cancer is far from addressing genetic and epigenetic alterations. The major limitation of current therapy is that it affects the non-targeted tissues also. In this respect, anticancer drugs which are derived from natural resources are considered as good leads for drug development. The natural products have shown anticancer activity in various types of cancer. Thus, the use of the natural product in cancer chemotherapy is gaining attention. In this chapter, the recent plant-derived secondary metabolites with potential for therapeutic management of cancer are discussed.

Frontiers in immunology 10, 182 (2019). doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00182, Published by Frontiers Media, Lausanne

Various environmental and endogenous factors (genetic predisposition) influence development of arterial hypertension (AH) and determine clinical course. The role of individual genes and their interactions with external factors is not yet elucidated. The aim of this study is to assess the frequency of the AGT, ACE, AGTR1, ADRB1, UMOD and ADIPOQ genes polymorphisms (SNP) in individuals with prehypertension (PHT) and with optimal blood pressure (BP).

This chapter emphasizes the consequences of an immunocompromised status in patients with colorectal malignancies. In general, one can differentiate between the types of neoplasms through their location, genesis, as well as their specific cell structures and characteristics. Differentiation between these entities is meaningful, since it provides insights into the pathogenesis of colorectal neoplasms. Escape mechanisms can help tumor cells to avoid immunological control to start metastatic spread. Not only anatomy but also distinction in gene expression profiles and pathway activity can help to determine cancer-specific tumor progression and clinical outcome facilitating the development of new therapeutic targets. Other distinct endogenous factors as patients’ genetic background and immunodeficiency, together with exogenous factors as lifestyle, dietary intake and exposure to environmental stress determine the immunological status of a colorectal cancer patient.

В статті запропоновано вдосконалення механізму речового забезпечення підрозділів Національної гвардії України на основі проектування логістичних ланцюжків поставок речей. Проведено аналіз складових речового забезпечення як логістичного продукту. Досліджені характерні особливості речей в структурі логістичних ланцюжків поставок. Проаналізовано вплив екзогенних і ендогенних чинників на речове забезпечення Національної гвардії України як продукт дистрибуції. Сформовано комплекс стратегічних управлінських заходів вдосконалення механізму речового забезпечення підрозділів Національної гвардії України, The article proposes the improvement of the mechanism of material support of the units of the National Guard of Ukraine on the basis of the design of logistics chains of materials supply. The analysis of components of the real supply as a logistic product is carried out. The characteristic features of materials in the structure of supply chain logistics are investigated. The influence of exogenous and endogenous factors on the material supply of the National Guard of Ukraine as a distribution product is analyzed. A complex of strategic administrative measures for improving the mechanism of material supply of units of the National Guard of Ukraine is formed

An airport’s international passenger arrivals are susceptible to exogenous and endogenous factors (such as economic conditions, flight services, fluctuations and shocks). Accurate and reliable airport passenger demand forecasts are imperative for policymaking and planning by airport and airline management as well as by tourism authorities and operators. This article employs the Box–Jenkins SARIMA, SARIMAX and SARIMAX/EGARCH volatility models to forecast international passenger arrivals for the eight key Australian airports (Adelaide, Brisbane, Cairns, Darwin, Gold Coast, Melbourne, Perth and Sydney). Monthly international tourist arrivals between January 2006 and September 2012 are used for the empirical analysis. All the forecasting models are highly accurate with the lower values of mean absolute percentage error, mean absolute error and root mean squared error. The findings suggest that the international passenger arrivals of Australian airports are affected by positive and negative shocks and tourism marketing expenditure is also a significant factor influencing the majority of Australian airports’ international passenger arrivals.