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Summary Exercising for mass casualty incidents is mandated by governing organisations with the aim of maintaining readiness within the healthcare sector for the many challenges these incidents bring. This readiness is delivered through a combination of discussion-based and operation-based exercises that are targeted to the needs of both the individuals delivering care and the needs of the overall system of patient flow and treatment. Although exercising for disaster preparedness is resource intensive, it is the repetitive, iterative nature that allows for wide staff capture and exposure along with continual improvement of plans. Having been recently involved in exercising is also likely to increase the confidence of staff and makes them feel better prepared. Exercising should be tailored to the needs and likely challenges of each healthcare system. A cycle of design, challenge, and redesign should target areas of greatest need and greatest benefit. The conventional advice, when introducing exercising, is to start small and build up over time with repeated exercises that demonstrate increasing response capability. However, some organisations would benefit from an exercise that lays bare shortcomings and acts to galvanise change.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the perceived level of disaster preparedness and response among nursing students in Oman, as the country is disaster prone and experiences disasters every three to five years. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional pilot study was conducted from May to June 2019 using a stratified cluster sampling method among nursing students recruited from two government nursing colleges in Muscat, Oman. The Disaster Preparedness Evaluation Tool and Disaster Response Self-Efficacy Scale were used to assess the knowledge, skill, disaster management and self-efficacy in handling disasters. Results: A total of 51 students participated in this study. Most students (78.4%) had experienced a disaster while at home. Overall, the students had moderate levels of knowledge (3.17 ± 1.49), skill (3.12 ± 1.52), post-disaster management (3.22 ± 1.44) and self efficacy in responding to disaster (2.93 ± 1.16). Conclusion: Nursing students in Oman have experienced disasters and are willing to respond when called upon though they possess moderate knowledge and confidence in handling disasters. Keywords: Disasters; Nursing Students; Pilot Study; Oman.

Intensity of the earthquake disaster in Indonesia is quite high. The impact in the form of casualties and infrastructure damage was very severe. It is very important to teach disaster preparedness knowledge from an early age, including in the field of education. The learning being taught is still glued to the material that has not linked disaster knowledge. The purpose of this research is to produce learning media for earthquake disasters based on android through proper physics subjects to improve problem solving skills and disaster preparedness. The design of this research is R & D using the 4D model. The data collection instruments are in the form of expert validation sheets which include media experts and material experts. The research data were collected through observation sheets, questionnaire sheets, and inferential analysis. The results of the development of android-based disaster learning media met the very feasible criteria of 92.1 for media experts and 94.1 for material experts. The Manova test statistical results were 95% for problem-solving skills and 92.7% for disaster preparedness, so it was concluded that Android-based earthquake disaster learning media were used effectively to enhance problem solving skills and disaster preparedness.

Adequate and effective disaster preparedness in each sector is indispensable to abate disaster impacts and intensify disaster resilience in Bangladesh for achieving sustainable development goals by 2030. Though university students can play a significant role in promoting and strengthening disaster management activities in the community by sharing their knowledge and experience on disasters, very few studies focused on students' disaster preparedness. In this study, we assessed university students' perceived and actual disaster preparedness and explored the factors influencing disaster preparedness of male and female students. The cross-sectional survey method was adopted to collect 704 student respondents' data from the Dhaka University using a structured questionnaire by face-to-face interview. We found that university students perceived that they were moderately prepared for disaster; however, their actual disaster preparedness was relatively low. Disaster likelihood and disaster knowledge significantly influenced students’ perceived and actual disaster preparedness. However, no statistically significant mean differences were found between the male and female respondents regarding their perceived and actual disaster preparedness. In addition, students with higher disaster knowledge were more likely to have a higher perceived and actual disaster preparedness. Moreover, gender-segregated multiple linear regression analyses showed that disaster knowledge was significantly associated with the male students' actual and perceived preparedness, and female students' perceived preparedness. Besides, disaster concern and university preparedness were significant predictors of the female students' perceived preparedness, whereas male students' perceived preparedness was significantly influenced by disaster likelihood and university preparedness. Therefore, it is recommended that disaster education should be introduced into the university curricula, including disaster management training, drills, and simulations. The study provides strong evidence of the need for developing a comprehensive disaster plan at the university and has policy implications. However, further research is needed to explore college and school students' disaster preparedness knowledge and practice in Bangladesh.

Physical/cognitive limitations associated with the aging process place older adults at disproportionate risk of negative consequences during disasters. Guided by the profession's commitment to supporting vulnerable populations, gerontological social workers have long been on the frontlines supporting older adults during disasters. Yet, disaster social work practice remains an undeveloped and under-researched area. Thus, we asked "what is the current role of gerontological social workers in disaster preparedness with older adults in the United States, and potential areas for improvement?" This paper systematically reviews the literature discussing social work and disaster preparedness/response with older adults in the U.S., to identify needs and inform future directions. PRISMA guidelines were followed to conduct a systematic search across relevant databases for peer-reviewed-publications between January 1, 2009-June 12, 2020. Eleven articles met inclusion criteria. This body of literature is small and covers two broad areas: (1) charging the social work profession to engage in this work, and (2) describing current efforts and unique challenges of older adults during disasters. Only three empirical studies were identified. Future educational efforts should formalize training to prepare social workers for this practice area. Research should detail the roles of social workers in disaster preparedness/response, and factors that predict involvement.

Preparing and planning for disaster remains the most crucial component of libraries. It also happens to be one that is least understood. Since the existence of libraries and information science, there has been a history of disasters happening from time to time. Disasters are events in which no library would like to experience but the still do. Egerton University library being the study area, has experienced disasters in the form of rioting students causing service disruption and incidences of fire. This study sought to evaluate the disaster preparedness and planning of digital libraries in relation to service sustainability. It considered the following objectives: To establish the level of disaster preparedness and planning; To find out the training the library staff have undergone; To determine the disaster preparedness and planning equipment in place; and to establish the challenges faced in preparing and planning for disasters at Egerton University digital library in service delivery. It was anchored on the Theory of Planned Behavior. The study made use of descriptive research design and considered census method to arrive at 68 library staff as its respondents. Primary data was collected using self-administered questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale. The quantitative data collected was inferentially analyzed as per the objectives of this study. A statistical software SPSS was used in analyzing this data. Findings were presented in the form of tables as frequencies and percentages for easy understanding. The validity of the instruments was determined using specialists who assisted in properly framing questions in the questionnaire. They also assisted in realigning it according to the objectives of the study. The study established that the level of disaster preparedness and planning at the digital library in Egerton University was low hence the digital library was at risk of disasters; not all the library staff had not adequately undergone training on disaster preparedness and planning; the library was not adequately supplied with disaster preparedness and planning equipment’s; the digital library was experiencing challenges in regards to disaster preparedness and planning; and the digital library services will be affected in the event of a disaster happening. The study concluded that the digital library could experience disasters because they were not exempted from disasters like any other organization or section within the University; the library was not so keen on training its staff on disaster preparedness and planning; the digital library had inadequate disaster preparedness and planning equipment’s; implementing a disaster preparedness plan was hindered by lack of adequate funds which were needed for purchasing suitable equipment’s, servicing these equipment as well as training all the library staff. The study recommended that the management of the university and library should provide the needed support and influence staff training in regards to disaster preparedness and planning; the library should develop a well-documented disaster preparedness policy of its own and incorporate it with the overall disaster preparedness policy for the university; and a structured, systematic and regular mechanism of training staff on disaster preparedness should be developed, supported and implemented within the library.

Data in Crisis Building integrated translational pipelines that use data rapidly and effectively to address health effects of natural disasters will require substantial investment, which must rely ...

Cangkringan community has a perception that the Merapi eruption is a gift not a threat or danger. This phenomenon can be understood as an attitude of wisdom of Merapi slopes to always be ready to live modestly with nature. This study aims to analyze the incidence of Merapi eruption in 2010 which has killed 347 peoples and found perceptions for readiness to face the threat of Merapi eruption in Cangkringan. This study used a qualitative approach for the perception of cangkringan peoples as preparedness to encounter the threat of Merapi eruption. Informant in this study were the Cangkringan peoples, caretaker of Mount Merapi, officials of Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) in Sleman, Yogyakarta and data collected by observation and in-depth interviews. The collected data were then analyzed by using domain analysis, taxonomic, componential, and the theme of culture. The results showed that Perception built over the years was not to face the threat of Merapi eruption, but gratitude of Cangkringan community to the gift given by Merapi Volcano in the form of extraordinary natural wealth. Community’s perception of preparedness to face the threat of Merapi eruption in the form of advice or messages that contain high phylosophy value is eling lan waspodo. The presence of disasters are not preventable, but casualties can be minimized by preparedness action in facing the threat of Merapi eruption.

Universities and community-based organizations partner to provide benefits to students and to communities where universities are situated. We examine the core elements of a successful partnership in a case study of an ongoing collaboration between San José State University (SJSU) and Japantown Prepared, a community-based organization whose mission is to advance disaster preparedness at the household and community level within San José, California’s, historic Japantown. We demonstrate these core elements of success through a discussion of the development and execution of several projects designed to build capacity within Japantown Prepared and provide real-world experience for Organizational Studies students at SJSU. We conclude that the relationship between SJSU and Japantown Prepared meets the core elements of a successful partnership and provide further suggestions for its continued success.

Japantown Prepared, a community-based disaster preparedness organization in San José, California’s historic Japantown, began a long-term partnership with the Department of Anthropology and the Organizational Studies Program at San José State University in 2016. This article is a study of one of their many collaborative projects, a disaster preparedness Business Certification Project meant to foster the development of disaster preparedness in the Japantown Business District. The project applied principles and methods of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and social marketing by recruiting local businesses in Japantown’s popular business district to develop in-house disaster plans and then signal their preparedness with a prominently displayed certificate and a sticker with the Japantown Prepared logo in their front windows. We assess project implementation (design and recruitment) and identify opportunities for assessing the outcomes of the CSR campaign and social marketing awareness, both on other businesses in Japantown and consumers and community members. Specifically, further studies could determine whether and how businesses might build more consumer trust and social action in disaster preparedness.

Among other business types, hotels serving as temporary accommodation for visitors with solid ties to local conditions present unique hazard-prone characteristics, and show vulnerabilities based on their location. Departing from the significance of the topic for the Turkish case, this paper focuses on the risk perception and responsiveness of the lodging industry. In doing so, an empirical study was carried out in Ankara city. Data from 75 hotels were gathered via a questionnaire designed to identify their locational attributes and operationalized by multiple logistic regression analysis. Although hotels in the sample accepted that safety is a significant issue for both the continuity of their operationality and guests, hotels were reluctant in developing systematic and effective tools for disaster management.

When a disaster strikes, major damage can occur to physical and digital collections. However a major research project, undertaken in the context of Australian national state and territory (NSLA) libraries, has uncovered that the approaches to the disaster management of physical and digital collections are largely divided and uncoordinated. The outcomes of the research project have demonstrated the benefits and feasibility of integrating disaster management across all collection formats – physical and digital, while also noting barriers and areas of disconnect. A practical application of the research has been the updating of the ALIA disaster management resources, as a ‘one stop shop’ integrated approach to managing disasters across all collection formats. Overall, at a time of elevated risk of disasters due to climate change, this research provides an important contribution to the field of disaster management with an integrated perspective that has potential application across the wider GLAM sector within Australia, and internationally, with organisations such as Blue Shield International. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Abstract. Climate change-induced disasters (e.g., bushfires, droughts, and flooding) occur more frequently and with greater intensity than in previous decades. Disasters can at times fuel social change but that is not guaranteed. To understand whether disasters lead to status quo maintenance or social change, we propose a model (Social Identity Model of Post-Disaster Action; SIMPDA) which focuses on the role of leadership in the aftermath of a disaster. Looking specifically at climate change-related disasters, we propose that intragroup and intergroup dynamics in both the pre-disaster as well as the post-disaster context affect whether leadership (a) has the potential to mobilize social identity resources to enable social change, or else (b) fails to capitalize on emerging social identity resources in ways that ultimately maintain the status quo. Given the importance of urgent climate change action, we predict that status quo maintenance is associated with post-disaster paralysis. In contrast, social change that is set in train by capitalizing on social identity-based resources holds the promise of greater post-disaster learning and enhanced disaster preparedness when it is focused on addressing the challenges brought about by climate change. We apply this model to understand responses to the 2019/2020 bushfires in Australia. Our analysis suggests that while an emerging sense of shared identity centered on acting to tackle climate change provides a window of opportunity for securing increased disaster preparedness, this opportunity risks being missed due to, among other things, the absence of leaders able and willing to engage in constructive identity-based leadership.

Background Few studies have documented rural community pharmacy disaster preparedness. Objectives To: (1) describe rural community pharmacies’ preparedness for and responses to COVID-19 and (2) examine whether responses vary by level of pharmacy rurality. Methods A convenience sample of rural community pharmacists completed an online survey (62% response rate) that assessed: (a) demographic characteristics; (b) COVID-19 information source use; (c) interest in COVID-19 testing; (d) infection control procedures; (e) disaster preparedness training, and (f) medication supply impacts. Descriptive statistics were calculated and differences by pharmacy rurality were explored. Results Pharmacists used the CDC (87%), state health departments (77%), and state pharmacy associations (71%) for COVID-19 information, with half receiving conflicting information. Most pharmacists (78%) were interested in offering COVID-19 testing but needed personal protective equipment and training to do so. Only 10% had received disaster preparedness training in the past five years. Although 73% had disaster preparedness plans, 27% were deemed inadequate for the pandemic. Nearly 70% experienced negative impacts in medication supply. There were few differences by rurality level. Conclusion Rural pharmacies may be better positioned to respond to pandemics if they had disaster preparedness training, updated disaster preparedness plans, and received regular policy guidance from professional bodies., Highlights • Few rural pharmacists have participated in disaster preparedness training. • Many disaster preparedness plans were deemed inadequate for COVID-19. • Conflicting information and drug shortages compromised pandemic responses.

The aim of this study was to understand the extent and nature of social work literature relating to preparedness in the context of natural disasters and to identify the implications for further research, theory and practice. A systematic scoping review explored scholarly databases pertaining to literature about social work and disaster preparedness, between 2000 and 2019; a total of thirty-nine articles met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted from these articles to map the range and type of literature, and thematic analysis was undertaken to explore aspects of preparedness in greater depth. Analysis revealed a recurring theme regarding the need to foreground preparedness in social work and disaster practice along with recommendations that preparedness be more consistently enacted as an ongoing, localised, dynamic and dialogic process in order to better respond to a diverse range of community needs. Building on these findings, the authors highlight the need to challenge dominant discourses in social work and extend the conceptualisation of the profession in the context of disasters at both the intra- and inter-professional levels. By drawing on transformative, ecosocial approaches, the profession’s contributions to disaster practice, equity and justice in this complex context of global practice can gain visibility.

This descriptive-correlation study established the relationship between the profile as to the level of practice of the school managers on the five thematic areas of the SchoolDisaster Risk Reduction and Management (SDRRM) program of the Department of education (DepEd). The study involved 30 respondents through a stratified random sampling technique and adopted a survey- questionnaire from Campilla (2016). It has four components, the profile of the school managers, self-assessment checklist for the SDRRM level of practice, problems encountered, and suggested solutions.SPSS was the tool in generating statistical data. The majority of the respondents are in the middle age group, mostly female, married status, pursued higher studies, old hand in school management, and attended training/seminars on SDRRM. Their disaster preparedness, management, and mitigation are on highly practiced level. While the disaster response and recovery are at the practiced level. In general, the overall level of practice on SDRRM is at a practiced level. The study further revealed that there is no significant relationship between the profile and level of practice of the respondents. However, age shows a significant relationship in the thematic areas of SDRRM. A significant difference in the level of practice of elementary school managers to that of the secondary school managers. Lack and unavailability of funds and other resources are the common problems encountered by respondents in the implementation of the program while the topmost suggested solution is the provision of appropriate and relevant training to SDRRM.

Indonesia is a country that has a lot of potential for disasters. The large number of potential disasters should be balanced by human resources who are ready to be prepared in the face of disasters. Therefore, in community service activities, the 2019 State University of Malang Community Service Program held activities in the field of disaster. This activity is the Implementation of Disaster Preparedness Schools which aims to provide education on an early warning system when an earthquake occurs. The activity was carried out Monday and Tuesday, June 24 and 25 2019 at SD Negeri 1 and 2 Purwosekar. The target of these activities is elementary school students in grades 4-6. The arrangement of activities carried out is the provision of material packaged in the form of story telling, singing, games, and simulations. The delivery of the material is packaged as attractive as possible so that it can be accepted by students easily. The results obtained from these activities were the knowledge and experience of students regarding disaster science, especially earthquake preparedness.

We analyzed data from a survey administered to 1,212 respondents living in superstorm Hurricane Sandy-affected areas. We estimated the effect of having experienced hurricane-induced disruptions to utility services, such as electricity, water, gas, phone service, and public transportation, on having an evacuation plan. Around 39% of respondents reported having an evacuation plan in case a hurricane affects their neighborhood this year. Respondents who had experienced disruptions to electricity supply had an approximately 11 percentage-point higher likelihood of having an evacuation plan than those who had experienced no such disruptions. Respondents who had experienced monetary losses from Hurricane Sandy had around a five percentage-point higher likelihood of having an evacuation plan compared with those who had not. Among control variables, prior evacuation, distance to the coastline, residence in a flood zone, concern about the impacts of future natural disaster events, had window protection, and household members being disabled, each had an association with residents’ future evacuation planning and hurricane preparedness. In light of these findings, we discuss the policy implications of our findings for improving disaster management in hurricane-prone areas.

Indonesia is a country that has a high risk of natural disasters. Lack of natural ability to save themselves results in an enormous potential for children to suffer the most when a disaster occurs. Natural disaster preparedness needs to be introduced to children from an early age. Children are no longer a concern as victims who suffer the most but need to save themselves when in danger. The purpose of developing ASIAB clothing media is to determine the development, effectiveness, and feasibility of ASIAB clothing media for early childhood disaster preparedness. This type of research uses Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE development model. The research subjects were media experts, material experts, and 30 teachers in TK Surabaya and Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia. Data collection was carried out using structured interview techniques and online questionnaires via google form accompanied by video supporting procedures for using ASIAB clothing media. Analyzing the feasibility and effectiveness of the ASIAB clothing media used qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis with a predetermined percentage of the assessment. The results obtained show that the ASIAB clothing media is feasible in learning early childhood disaster preparedness. The feasibility of testing by media experts obtained results with the criteria "good" information "feasible" (73.33%), testing by material experts obtained results with the criteria "very good" information "feasible" (90.67%), testing by the teacher the results obtained with the criteria "very good" information "feasible and effective" (84.33%). This research provides innovations in education, namely learning media for early childhood, that can assist teachers in achieving practical disaster preparedness learning objectives. Children can get hands-on experience in earthquake disaster preparedness practice using ASIAB clothing. Disaster stages such as pre-disaster, during the disaster, and post-disaster can also be introduced to children in a series of simulation activities. Based on the results of this assessment, the ASIAB clothing media is appropriate and effective for use in early childhood disaster preparedness learning.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of climate change on South Africa’s Mpumalanga Provincial Archives (MPA) and related records management activities. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative research approach/method was used to collect data from the source, including purposive sampling and expert knowledge solicited through semi-structured interviews. A review was undertaken to source climate data and related archival sector literature. Findings Recent extreme weather events in Mpumalanga seem to bear out climate change projections. The current absence of relevant strategies and plans implies that the MPA and provincial departments are not yet prepared for emergencies. The lack of a plan, an implementation strategy and related training may increase the impact of disasters on the provincial archives’ environment. Without disaster plans and robust preparedness, the question of how the MPA is going to preserve archives for future generations is raised. In addition, due to a lack of guidance for registry staff, appraisal is not allowing for identification and processing of archival materials, so combined with a lack of disaster management strategies and plans contributes to the loss of archives. Research limitations/implications This research is limited to the MPA; however, the findings may be extended to other South Africa provincial archives and parts of the world experiencing similar issues. There is a need to conduct similar research on a larger scale so as to explore the impact of climate change in other provincial archives to provide a wider context of the problem within South Africa. Practical implications When archivists accept holdings into their repositories, they take the responsibility for their archival custody. But, these efforts may come to nothing if the archives are lost. Disaster management is the key to the protection of the archives. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature on the impact of climate change on archives. The results achieved should be seen as a first step towards identification of the issue.

Objective:We conducted a systematic review to determine the prevalence and characteristics of earthquake-associated head injuries for better disaster preparedness and management.Methods:We searched for all publications related to head injuries and earthquakes from 1985 to 2018 in MEDLINE and other major databases. A search was conducted using “earthquakes,” “wounds and injuries,” and “cranio-cerebral trauma” as a medical subject headings.Results:Included in the analysis were 34 articles. With regard to the commonly occurring injuries, earthquake-related head injury ranks third among patients with earthquake-related injuries. The most common trauma is lower extremity (36.2%) followed by upper extremity (19.9%), head (16.6%), spine (13.1%), chest (11.3%), and abdomen (3.8%). The most common earthquake-related head injury was laceration or contusion (59.1%), while epidural hematoma was the most common among inpatients with intracranial hemorrhage (9.5%) followed by intracerebral hematoma (7.0%), and subdural hematoma (6.8%). Mortality rate was 5.6%.Conclusion:Head injuries were found to be a commonly occurring trauma along with extremity injuries. This knowledge is important for determining the demands for neurosurgery and for adequately managing patients, especially in resource-limited conditions.

Objectives: To evaluate the Ministry of Health (MoH) hospitals preparedness for potential disasters and crisis events using the World Health Organization (WHO) hospital emergency response checklist. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at MoH hospitals in Al-Madina, Saudi Arabia using the WHO hospital emergency response checklist. The overall level of hospital preparedness was categorized as unacceptable if the rating is between 0-64, insufficient if it is between 65-129 and effective preparedness if the score is between 130-184. The study conducted in 3 phases. First phase, the preintervention assessment was conducted from August 23 to 27, 2017. Second phase, intervention strategies were implemented between 2018 and 2019 to enhance the hospitals preparedness for any potential disaster situation. Third phase, the postintervention assessment was conducted from September 5 to 7, 2019, using with the same checklist. Results: The preparedness score of key components at the participating hospitals showed an “insufficient” level of preparedness. The mean preparedness score of the participating hospitals was 81.5±11.39 (range: 65-91), which is lower than the recommended WHO cut-off level of effective preparedness. The preparedness score of the post-recovery component was very low 01±1.15 compared to the WHO range (0-18). Conclusion: A total of 4 hospitals participated in the study. The participated hospitals showed insufficient levels of preparedness for potential disasters and crisis events.

Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel frequently encounter animals in situations ranging from injured law enforcement canines (LEK9s) to pets with smoke inhalation injury. In recent years, several US states have enacted laws that legally allow EMS personnel to provide basic emergency care to certain animals. Currently, nine states allow some type of emergency medical treatment and/or ambulance transport of animals by EMS, and five states limit liability for vehicle damage resulting from rescuing animals trapped inside. Despite this expanding body of legislation encouraging EMS to assist animals, EMS personnel are not typically trained in the safe handling or medical treatment of animals. Interaction with veterinary patients can pose serious injury and infectious disease risks to untrained EMS personnel. Furthermore, relationships with veterinarians must be built and treatment and transport protocols must be developed for EMS agencies to appropriately care for these animals. This report serves as an initial framework from the veterinary perspective for EMS consideration regarding current legislation, safety concerns, transport protocols, and common life-saving treatments in the prehospital emergency care of animals. Increased collaboration between EMS personnel and veterinary professionals provides an opportunity to develop quality training programs for EMS and to improve disaster preparedness of the whole community.

Disaster planning in developing countries is largely ineffective despite these countries being more likely to suffer from catastrophic events. This article aims to identify strengths, educational needs, practice improvement opportunities, and local factors that may contribute to the development/implementation of a disaster preparedness plan at Georgetown Public Hospital in Guyana.

Disaster preparedness is an important component that all levels of society must address in terms of disaster management. Lack of knowledge on disaster preparedness will have a direct impact on one's attitude in responding to disasters. This study aims to determine the relationship between community knowledge and disaster preparedness attitudes in the Lambung village, Banda Aceh. This type of research is analytic observational with a cross sectional approach. The samples in this study were the people of the Lambung village of Banda Aceh City with a sample of 100 people. The data was collected using a questionnaire that has been tested for its validity and reliability. Data analysis was performed univariate and bivariate using the chi-square test. The results showed that the people of Lambung village had a fairly good knowledge of disaster preparedness with levels from high to low being moderate (63.0%) and good (37.0%). The attitude of the students showed that the highest percentage was moderate (69.0%) and well followed (31.0%) in terms of disaster preparedness. The chi-square test results showed that there was a significant relationship between public knowledge and disaster preparedness attitudes about disaster preparedness (p = 0.001). The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between public knowledge and disaster preparedness attitudes in Lambung Village, Banda Aceh. This study recommends the importance of preparedness in the community so that the risk of the large number of victims due to disasters can be reduced.

Objective:Emergency medicine being a young specialty in India, we aimed to assess the level of disaster preparedness and planning strategies among various academic emergency departments (EDs) across India during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Methods:A cross-sectional multicentric survey was developed and disseminated online to various academic EDs in India and followed up over a period of 8 wk. All results were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results:Twenty-eight academic emergency medicine departments responded to the study. Compared with pre-COVID period, COVID-19 pandemic has led to 90% of centers developing separate triage system with dedicated care areas for COVID suspected/infected in 78.6% centers with nearly 70% using separate transportation pathways. Strategizing and executing the Institutional COVID-19 treatment protocol in 80% institutes were done by emergency physicians. Training exercises for airway management and personal protective equipment (PPE) use were seen in 93% and 80% centers, respectively. Marked variation in recommended PPE use was observed across EDs in India.Conclusions:Our study highlights the high variance in the level of preparedness response among various EDs across India during the pandemic. Preparedness for different EDs across India needs to be individually assessed and planned according to the needs and resources available.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The current resources related to chronic disease and disaster preparedness focus on chronic disease in general and do not examine the unique needs and vulnerabilities of p...

The island of Bali and its surrounding are part of Indonesia's seism tectonic system. The condition has been faced including by Karangasem Regency. Karangasem Regency is prone by seismic and tsunami disaster. The high level of disaster proneness in Karangasem Regency requires disaster preparedness in pre-disaster phase. Rehabilitation and reconstruction responses are not been effective since these steps require expensive funding and investment. Preparedness efforts in pre-disaster phase are carried out through quality enhancement of spatial plans based on Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR). This research is aimed to provide recommendation for spatial plan, including spatial pattern (land use) plan and development of mitigation infrastructure. This research uses qualitative and quantitative research methods. Analysis tools are Geographic Information Systems (GIS), good practices, and literatures, as well as policies from various sources. The output of this study resulted in a spatial assessment according to the level of tsunami disaster prone level.

Introduction:In a disaster aftermath, pharmacists have the potential to provide essential health services and contribute to the maintenance of the health and well-being of their community. Despite their importance in the health care system, little is known about the factors that affect pharmacists’ disaster preparedness and associated behaviors.Study Objective:The goal of this study was to determine the factors that influence disaster preparedness behaviors and disaster preparedness of Australian pharmacists.Methods:A 70-question survey was developed from previous research findings. This survey was released online and registered Australian pharmacists were invited to participate. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the factors that influenced preparedness and preparedness behaviors among pharmacists.Results:The final model of disaster preparedness indicated that 86.0% of variation in preparedness was explained by disaster experience, perceived knowledge and skills, colleague preparedness, perceived self-efficacy, previous preparedness behaviors, perceived potential disaster severity, and trust of external information sources. The final model of preparedness behaviors indicated that 71.1% of variation in previous preparedness behaviors can be explained by disaster experience, perceived institution responsibility, colleague preparedness, perceived likelihood of disaster, perceived professional responsibility, and years of practice as a pharmacist.Conclusion:This research is the first to explore the significant factors affecting preparedness behaviors and preparedness of Australian pharmacists for disasters. It begins to provide insight into potential critical gaps in current disaster preparedness behaviors and preparedness among pharmacists.

Background: Older people are especially vulnerable to emergencies. Those with progressive loss of function in particular can have difficulty in adapting to challenges and coping with disruptions. Objective: To assess experience and suggestions regarding disaster preparedness among the older people in a rural community of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Shahzadpur upazila of Sirajganj district from 1st July 2015 to 30th September 2015. Purposive sampling technique was adopted. Total 485 households were surveyed. One elderly in a household was interviewed to get relevant information. Collected data were cleaned and entered in computer for analyses. Results: Age of the respondents ranged from 60 to 79 years. Majority (53.4%) was female; 38.1% were housewives, 57.9% were illiterates, 54% lived in tin-shed houses and 73% had sanitary latrines. Regarding social status 88% got adequate food, 80% got necessary clothing, 33% got pocket money and 79% got support during illness. Most frequently observed disaster was flood. They managed their shelter by bed elevation, moving to higher places, staying on boat etc. They suggested that disaster preparedness should include dry food preservation, safe drinking water support, medical support, public shelter, making of dam in frequently affected area and support from government. Conclusion: With demographic changes growing number of disasters create problems for elderly. To solve these special problems, ageing issues should be taken into consideration. KYAMC Journal Vol. 11, No.-4, January 2021, Page 176-180

Natural disasters are frequent, widespread, and derail the lives of large percentages of the population. Social work professionals are among those suitable for intervening in natural disasters as they assist individuals, families, and communities. To understand the knowledge in the areas of disaster preparedness—the authors investigated the literature by reviewing 10 major social work journals—a conceptual model of disaster preparedness was developed for effective intervention and research. While specific needs vary for individuals, communities, and cultures, there are universal aspects central to human existence.

Objective:Disasters can have impact on the demand and supply of blood, with such a difficult perspective, planning of an appropriate response to counterbalance the need for blood is of paramount importance. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate how the impact of blood imbalances may be absorbed by inert recruitment of donors during 2 life-threatening earthquakes that shook Taiwan on the same date in 2016 and 2018.Method:A retrospective database search from blood bank registries was developed.Results:Despite the public efforts to restrain the flow, a 3- to 4-fold increase in volunteers responded to the earthquakes. This surge alleviated after a day and did not contribute to sub-par collections. Those who donated more than usual immediately after the event were identified as first-time, younger, and female populations. The hospitals providing inpatient care to the injured transfused a slightly decreased amount of packed red cells, whereas the use of whole blood, platelets, and plasma remained stable. The inert recruiting was effective in reducing the duration of donor overabundance.Conclusion:Compared with other examples, the inert recruiting approach was effective in reducing the duration of donor overabundance to 1 day and may be useful for disaster preparedness of transfusion supplies.

Objective This study examined the factors associated with nurses' willingness to respond in a disaster. Background Nurses are key personnel in case of disasters, and therefore, understanding factors associated with willingness to respond is important. Methods Questionnaires were distributed to 200 nurses recruited from 2 public hospitals in Seoul, Korea. Data were collected in January and February 2018 and 181 responses were analyzed. Results Factors predicting willingness to respond in a disaster among public hospital nurses were level of education, self-efficacy, and disaster management competency. Conclusions Providing well-organized disaster preparedness and response training programs would enhance nurses' level of knowledge about disasters. In addition, training could improve nurses' self-efficacy and disaster management competency, which should enhance willingness to respond in a disaster.

[ History Of Disasters And The Prevention In Indonesia From A National Security Perspective ] The development of disaster studies is currently very fast . Disaster events from year to year are a record as well as data on how disasters are very detrimental to human survival as a history. We need a disaster preparedness in anticipation of disaster management by paying attention to the history of disasters and their countermeasures . T he authors are interested in analyzing the data from a national security perspective. The research approach used was a descriptive quantitative approach which aims to analyze and describe the history of disasters and disaster management in Indonesia. Sources of data in this study were secondary data in the form of DesInvertar Indonesia and Indonesian Disaster Risk Index data ( IRBI ) . The data analysis technique used was the quantitative method through univariate analysis of the research variables. This research contributes to the latest knowledge regarding the history of disasters and their countermeasures in Indonesia from a national security perspective. The results showed that the incidence of disasters was increasingly varied which caused losses in society. Disasters that occurred in all regions of Indonesia in the period 1815 to 2019 were dominated by climate-induced disasters such as floods with a total of 10,438 events, landslides totaling 6,050 incidents, 2,124 drought events, and forest and land fires totaling 1,914 events. There is an increasing trend of disaster incidents every year, where the total number of disasters in 1815 amounted to 1 increased to 3,885 incidents in 2019. Maintaining national security through disaster risk management is absolutely necessary for the sovereignty of a country, so that good disaster management is a form of protection for the entire nation from all threats, especially national security threats originating from non-military threats in the disaster aspect.

Over the last 3 years at a large, midwestern, pediatric hospital, there have been near disaster events, a few of which required transfer or evacuation of patients. The responses from the inpatient units to these events have varied greatly and can be traced back to communication, knowledge, comfort level, and effectiveness of the charge nurses on the nursing units. A task force was formed to understand the variation in their disaster response procedures and to standardize disaster response procedures. Respondents included the bedside, clinical leadership, managers of patient services, emergency preparedness management, and senior leadership. This resulted in the creation of a tabletop simulation exercise for use by inpatient charge nurses within the institution. The results indicated that participants reported higher levels of self-reported knowledge, confidence, and effectiveness regarding the disaster preparedness on their units (p < 0.001). The program was effective, with feedback from participants indicating the need for more frequent and/or department specific education.

Introduction: Health professionals and support staff need to be prepared for disasters and know how to respond. This study aimed to examine a one-day “Conductor-type disaster healthcare management personnel” training course and its effect among healthcare professionals. Tohoku University and Fukushima Medical University are experienced in disaster response preparedness and they conducted the one-day course comprising multiple sessions at the World Bosai Forum-2019 (WBF-2019). Method: The course introduced the recent activities of four groups: the Practical Disaster Risk Reduction Research Group; the Natural Science Research Group; the Disaster Humanities Research Group; and the Disaster Medicine Research Group. Unifying four scientific areas based on the theory of the disaster cycle, the research field “disaster science” has been created through interdisciplinary cooperation. The participants completed reports, which were then analyzed using the KJ method. Discussion: The program participants wanted to gain practical knowledge about disasters and have a multifaceted perspective on disaster response. Participants who attended other sessions had an interest in comparing their training with the training provided by other sessions on disaster preparedness. Comparisons included determining the effectiveness of high-level disaster medical preparations from a multilateral viewpoint and involving an interdisciplinary research team in disaster medical preparations to prepare for future disaster events. Conclusion: The participants identified that interdisciplinary activities lead to an improvement in knowledge, skills, or attitudes toward disaster preparedness. There needs to be a greater focus on disaster medicine care teams, including research on both past and future disasters.

Palu and Gorontalo cities are provincial capitals located on Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. In 2018, the city of Palu was hit by the earthquake that was followed by tsunami disaster and liquefaction, causing thousands of people to die and hundreds of thousands were displaced. These types of disasters and emergencies may also potentially strike Gorontalo City due to its geographic similarity to Palu City. Natural disasters affect workers and companies, including those working in the hospitality industry. Natural disasters are not the only cause of emergencies in the hospitality industry. Emergencies in this industry can also be caused by non-natural disasters, including by social disasters. This study aimed to assess the level of emergency and disaster preparedness in the hospitality sector in Palu and Gorontalo cities using a questionnaire adapted from the APEC tourism risk management and tourism resilience index. Focus Group Discussions and interviews were also performed to discuss the implementation of emergency and disaster management in the workplace. The results of the multiple correspondence analysis of emergency preparedness and disaster management factors in hotels in Palu shows that they are relatively closer to the moderate rating. Meanwhile, the same variables in Gorontalo are found to be in the low category. Based on these results, the participation of the private sector (hospitality industry) and the government is needed to build a good synergy in disaster risk reduction programs both locally and nationally.

Background: The family as the smallest unit in society has a share in disaster preparedness, especially for families with disabilities, this is due to the lack of disaster management for families with disabilities. According to a 2013 UN global survey, worldwide 20% of people with disabilities can save themselves and 31% of people say they need someone who can help during a disaster. Imogiri Bantul District is the red zone that suffered the worst damage and from the results of preliminary studies disaster prepared families have not been formed in real terms. Aims of this study is to analize effect pamily disaster planning to improve knowledge and ability disability person in disaster. Methods: Quasi eksperiment pre and post test without control. Research instrument with preparedness instrument. There are 31 subjects in this research. Results: Knowledge and attitude to prepare disaster in disabilities can improve significantly p

Increasing the skills and abilities of individuals, families and communities in the face of disasters need to be carried out continuously, because of the high potential for threats and the increasing number of people exposed to disaster risk. Women have a strategic role in disaster management and are very effective in transferring their knowledge to the next generation. In this community service activity, the Nasyiatul Aisyiyah branch of Ngawen, Klaten, Central Java, chosen as a partner. The purpose of this activity is to improve women's preparedness capacity and to reduce people's exposure to disasters. The activities are not only in terms of physical preparedness but also spiritual preparedness. This community service activity consist of three stage, which are,the first stage is preliminary survey to assess the knowledge of participants on disaster preparedness, the second stage is giving disaster preparedness education with facilitators guidance, providing disaster preparedness pocket books, and discussions, and the final stage was an assessment of disaster preparedness after participants are given education/training. The assessment was done using a questionnaire. The result of the prelimanary survey show that the participant are at the level of moderate preparedness. The disaster preparedness education increasing all the disaster preparedness parameters index. The knowledge parameter index increased by 5%, the family preparedness plan parameter index increased by 15%, the parameter index of disaster warning knowledge increased by 6%, the resource mobilization parameter index increased by 10%. The socialization or simulation is needed about the importance of evacuation, relief and rescue, and campaign about the disaster is also needed through various media that are in accordance with the conditions of the community.

Disaster preparedness plans reduce future damages, but may lack testing to assess their effectiveness in operation. This study used the state-designed Local Government Unit Disaster Preparedness Journal: Checklist of Minimum Actions for Mayors in assessing the readiness to natural hazards of 92 profiled municipalities in central Philippines inhabited by 2.4 million people. Anchored on the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015, it assessed their preparedness in 4 criteria—systems and structures, policies and plans, building competencies, and equipment and supplies. Data were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences, frequency count, percentage, and weighted mean. The local governments were found highly vulnerable to tropical cyclone and flood while vulnerable to earthquake, drought, and landslide. They were partially prepared regardless of profile, but the coastal, middle-earning, most populated, having the least number of villages, and middle-sized had higher levels of preparedness. Those highly vulnerable to earthquake and forest fire were prepared, yet only partially prepared to flood, storm surge, drought, tropical cyclone, tornado, tsunami and landslide. The diverse attitude of stakeholders, insufficient manpower, and poor database management were the major problems encountered in executing countermeasures. Appointing full-time disaster managers, developing a disaster information management system, massive information drive, organizing village-based volunteers, integrating disaster management into formal education, and mandatory trainings for officials, preparing for a possible major volcanic eruption and crafting a comprehensive plan against emerging emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to a 360° preparedness.

Health-care systems all over the world are stretched out and being reconfigured to deal with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Some countries have flattened the curve, some are still fighting to survive it, and others are embracing the second wave. Globally, there is an urgent need to increase the resilience, capacity, and capability of health-care systems to deal with the current crisis and improve upon the future responses. The epidemiological burden of COVID-19 has led to rapid exhaustion of local response resources and massive disruption to the delivery of care in many countries. Health-care networking and liaison are essential component in disaster management and public health emergencies. It aims to provide logistical support between hospitals; financial support through local or regional governmental and nongovernmental agencies for response; manpower and mechanism for coordination and to implement policies, procedures, and technologies in the event of such crisis.This brief report describes how 4 independent private hospitals in northern India had adopted the principles of health-care networking, pooled their resources, and scaled up 1 of the partner hospitals as Dedicated COVID-19 Hospital (DCH) to treat moderate to severe category of COVID-19 patients. It brings out the importance of a unique coalition between private and public health-care system.

Purpose Despite the fact that hospitals are always at a high risk of disasters, the preparedness status in many of the Ethiopian hospitals is not well recognized. It is with this research gap in mind that this study motivated the authors to assess disaster preparedness level in selected hospitals of the western part of Ethiopia and their authorities' risk perceptions. Methods This was a facility-based study conducted by using mixed qualitative and quantitative research designs among selected hospitals of western Ethiopia. While disaster and emergency readiness was evaluated using a modified World Health Organization observation check list. The key informant interview method was used to assess the disaster risk perception of the hospitals' authorities in the study area. Results The overall level of emergency and disaster preparedness in the selected hospitals was weak with an average calculated preparedness score of 45.6%. The score of readiness in terms of disaster response and recovery planning was 33.3%. Moreover, we have not got a documented disaster plan in all of the hospitals and the hazard-specific response sub plans were also not consistently in place. Of prime concerns, this study has revealed that there was no patient evacuation plan in all of the selected hospitals. The human resource preparations of the hospitals were relatively better with an average readiness score of 60%. The study has found that no committee was responsible for emergency readiness at all of the sampled hospitals. The hospital authorities' disaster risk perception was found to vary according to the type of calamities and this was from moderate to high level. Conclusion This study concludes that although their authorities' risk perception of disasters was high, the selected hospitals were ill-prepared for the potential disaster strikes in this study area.

Disasters can come suddenly at anytime and anywhere. Disasters can result in many casualties, injuries, and material loss. Therefore, the community must understand the threat of a disaster, have knowledge about disaster preparedness. The purpose of this activity is to provide education and training on disaster management that may occur in the Pakan Sanayan village, Banuhampu District. The activity was held on August 8, 2020 in Nagari Pakan Sinayan, Banuhampu District, Agam Regency, and was attended by 47 community members. The activity begins with conducting a pretest to the training participants, providing material on potential disaster analysis followed by a discussion on disaster risk analysis that may occur in the Pakan Sinayan area. The material was continued with disaster mitigation and preparedness, especially disasters that could potentially occur in the area, namely landslides, earthquakes, fires and volcanic eruptions. The results of the evaluation showed an increase in public understanding and knowledge of disasters. It is recommended that this activity be carried out continuously to encourage community empowerment in improving disaster preparedness.

Modelling the performance of interdependent infrastructure systems paves the way for strategic infrastructure disaster risk management. The nature of different systems makes it hard to model every ...

Background: On March 2020, because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Swiss Federal Council mobilised conscript formations of the Swiss Armed Forces. This was the largest military mobilisation since the Second World War. Purpose: To assess the roles of the militia pharmacy officers deployed throughout the country to assist the healthcare system. Method: All missions performed by militia pharmacy officers were systematically collected and evaluated. They were also compared to the official duties of pharmacists in the Swiss Armed Forces. Results: Ten pharmacy officers were enlisted in two out of four hospital battalions deployed, as well as in the medical logistic battalion and in the staff of the logistic brigade that embedded them. Their missions were mainly planning, conduct and control of medical logistics, as well as hygiene and drug manufacturing activities. In the hospital battalions, they especially managed: 1) supply of medical material dedicated to mission-related training, civilian health facilities assistance and medical transportation; 2) establishment and application of hygiene procedures; 3) provision of conscripts’ own medication. In the medical logistic battalion, the support of both military and civilian pharmaceutical production facilities was the most important activity (e.g. disinfectants and anaesthetics manufacturing). Conclusion: Thanks to their civilian and military background, militia pharmacy officers have been quickly and effectively deployed throughout the country. The role of pharmacists within their respective battalions has emerged as especially crucial in the pandemic context and some of the performed missions were beyond their traditional duties. Their basic training has to be further developed accordingly.

Top priority of governments in containing the COVID-19 pandemic is “flattening the curve” which implies a slowing down of the virus’ spread across the entire population. The situation which European policymakers are facing at the moment is completely new and only few of them have the required experience to handle a disaster of such magnitude. What is important now is to avoid problems that repeatedly occurred in past disaster responses by learning the lessons and acting accordingly. This paper reflects on European disaster management in containing the spread of COVID-19 and uncovers response inefficiencies that are still present.

Disaster medicine refers to situations in which the need to care for patients outweighs the available resources. It is imperative for anesthesiologists to be involved at a leadership level in mass casualty/disaster preparedness planning. Mass casualty disaster plans should be clear, concise, and easy to follow. Terror events and natural disasters can differ significantly in anesthesia preparedness. Resiliency is an important aspect of the recovery phase that decreases psychological damage in the aftermath of a mass casualty event.