Search

Introduction An integrated, competency-based curriculum that fosters social accountability including cultural sensitivity among graduates is an educational strategy towards producing practice-ready professionals. This study aimed to evaluate pharmacy graduates' perceptions of competency, integration, and social accountability in the undergraduate curriculum of Nigerian schools of pharmacy. Methods A cross-sectional online survey consisting of a 42-item questionnaire was administered to 467 purposively selected pharmacy graduates who completed their undergraduate training between January 2012 and February 2020 from 20 accredited Nigerian pharmacy schools. Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine the differences in the participants' responses on a Likert scale. Results Of 467 participants, 54.4% felt that the Nigerian undergraduate pharmacy curriculum was not adequate in content, while 54.2% felt the courses in the curriculum were not well integrated to facilitate easy learning by students. About half (50.6%) strongly agreed or agreed that “the basic pharmacy courses are well synchronized with the clinical components” but 28.9% strongly disagreed or disagreed. The majority (88%), with no significant difference between gender (z = −1.615, P = .11), strongly agreed or agreed that they apply knowledge of clients' culture and disparity to deliver pharmaceutical services. Conclusions Marginally above half of the graduates perceived the Nigerian undergraduate pharmacy curriculum to be deficient in course content. There is evidence of limited integration and social accountability in the curriculum. Cultural sensitivity appears to be a component of the curriculum but this needs to be properly structured. The pedagogy strategy for learning cultural sensitivity should be further interrogated.

Objectives Aromatase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disease that results in the absence of aromatase. In females it presents with ambiguous genitalia and lack of secondary sexual characteristics during puberty. Aromatase deficiency is not attributed to any specific population, but it is more commonly seen in consanguineous parents. Herein, we report the first Old Order Mennonite family with that diagnosis. Case presentation Our proband is an Old Order Mennonite female born with ambiguous genitalia who was identified to carry novel homozygous variant in the CYP19A1 gene c.1304G>A (p. Arg435His). Her older brother was later confirmed with the same genetic diagnosis. Conclusions Recognizing the cultural sensitivity, unrecognized affected cases, and late presentation of males affected with aromatase deficiency, this condition may be more prevalent than believed in that population.

The changes taking place in the contemporary labour market were the fac­tor that prompted our project. The employee’s position on this market does not depend only on his specialist knowledge and professional qualifications. This is particularly important in a multicultural environment, in which even linguistic competences are losing their significance because – without the ability to adapt to new cultural conditions – they do not play a major role. Cultural diversity becomes a source of competitive advantage at the moment when a company adopts appropriate strategies and techniques, which is the task faced by, among others, modern managers. The aim of the project is to explore the role of cross-cultural competence as an important element of uni­versity education from the point of view of both: educational programmes and the labour market. It is now believed that cross-cultural competence, under­stood as an attitude towards cooperation with representatives of other cultures, is a very important element of university education in the process of prepar­ing students to successfully function on the global labour market. The level of interpersonal skills of individual members of a multicultural team (espe­cially the level of their cultural intelligence) which enables them to effectively cooperate with representatives of other cultures is one of the main elements of cross-cultural competence. On the basis of the results of the study, the theo­ries of management science will be elaborated on, taking into account interna­tional realities and emphasising the importance of cross-cultural competence on the labour market. The results of the project will support the development of management science, especially in the field of intercultural management, by indicating how existing management theories are based on and benefit from practice, and how they are interpreted in management practice. Thanks to the study, both theoreticians and practitioners of management will be able to obtain more knowledge about cross-cultural competence., Czynnikiem determinującym podjęcie niniejszego tematu badawczego są aktualne zmiany na rynku pracy. Coraz częściej przyjmuje się, że pozycja i rola pracownika na współczesnym rynku pracy nie zależą wyłącznie od jego specjalistycznej wiedzy i zawodowych kwalifikacji. Jest to szczególnie istotne, kiedy rozważamy ten problem pod kątem wielokulturowego środowiska pracy, w którym nawet kompetencje językowe tracą na znaczeniu, ponieważ – bez umiejętności adaptacji do nowych warunków kulturowych – nie odgrywają one większej roli. Umiejętne zarządzanie różnorodnością kulturową staje się źródłem przewagi konkurencyjnej w momencie, gdy firma przyjmuje odpo­wiednie strategie i techniki. Głównym celem projektu jest zbadanie roli kom­petencji międzykulturowych jako ważnego elementu uniwersyteckiego kształ­cenia, zarówno z punktu widzenia programów edukacyjnych, jak i rynku pracy. Obecnie uważa się, że kompetencje międzykulturowe, rozumiane jako zdolność do współpracy z przedstawicielami innych kultur, są bardzo waż­nym elementem kształcenia uniwersyteckiego w procesie przygotowywa­nia studentów do skutecznego funkcjonowania na globalnym rynku pracy. Poziom umiejętności interpersonalnych poszczególnych członków zespołu wielokulturowego (zwłaszcza poziom inteligencji kulturowej) umożliwia­jący im efektywną współpracę z przedstawicielami innych kultur jest jednym z głównych elementów kompetencji międzykulturowych. Na podstawie wyni­ków badań zostaną zaproponowane uzupełnienia do teorii nauki o zarzą­dzaniu, uwzględniające międzynarodowe realia oraz potrzebę wzmacniania poczucia znaczenia kompetencji międzykulturowych na rynku pracy. Wyniki projektu będą wspomagały rozwój nauki o zarządzaniu poprzez wskazanie, w jaki sposób istniejące teorie zarządzania bazują na praktyce i korzystają z niej oraz w jaki sposób są interpretowane w praktyce zarządzania. Dzięki przeprowadzanym badaniom teoretycy i praktycy zarządzania mogą zdobyć większy zakres wiedzy dotyczącej kompetencji międzykulturowych.

While cross-cultural student voice has led to transformations in education, research is scarce about the interplay between student voice, culture, and power. For this reason, student voice informs ...

Developing cultural diversity skills is a major ethical challenge for organizations operating within marginalized communities. This study defines cultural intelligence profiles us a two-step approach. In the first step, managers (n = 31) are invited to complete a Cultural Intelligence Quotient Assessment Test to identify and describe different managerial profiles. In the second step, semi-structured interviews are conducted (n = 17) to better understand the characteristics of the managerial profiles developed in phase one. The findings indicate that there are three typical managerial profiles: (1) The opportunist, (2) the modern missionary, and (3) the seasoned sage. These managerial profiles highlight the emerging dynamics of the cultural intelligence model and provide a better understanding of the career trajectories of managers in the healthcare sector. The results also have important managerial implications, particularly concerning strategies for training managers working with marginalized populations.

With increased diversity in the USA comes a growing need to educate medical students on how best to manage diverse patient populations. Medical students on the board of a student-run free clinic (SRFC) were surveyed to determine how such a leadership experience might alter students' cultural sensitivity as it relates to healthcare equity. Forty-six students (42.2% response) reported their experiences helped them better understand patient's needs (4.37, 0.64; mean, SD), cultural barriers (4.44, 0.55), and racial/ethnic disparities (4.27, 0.70). Thus, service on the board of a SRFC improves cultural sensitivity.

As the population of the United States becomes increasingly diverse, radiologists must learn to both understand and mitigate the impact of health disparities. Significant health disparities persist in radiologic care, including breast imaging. Racial and ethnic minorities, women from lower socioeconomic status, those living in rural areas, and the uninsured bear a disproportionate burden of breast cancer morbidity and mortality. Currently, there is no centralized radiology curriculum focusing on breast health disparities available to residents, breast imaging fellows, or practicing breast radiologists. While patient-, provider-, and system-level initiatives are necessary to overcome disparities, our purpose is to describe educational strategies targeted to breast imaging radiologists at all levels to provide equitable care to a diverse population. These strategies may include, but are not limited to, diversifying the breast imaging workforce, understanding the needs of a diverse population, cultural sensitivity and bias training, and fostering awareness of the existing issues in screening mammography access, follow-up imaging, and clinical care.

This study aims to identify lecturers' cultural sensitivity to using social media - Facebook and Instagram. This study was done at Universitas Kristen Indonesia. The data collection method used in this study is the quantitative method. A total of 345 lecturers were participated in answering the questionnaire. The data of this study were analyzed using SPSS Statistics and descriptive statistical analysis. This study shows that the diverse findings for the sensitivity of cultural diversity based on ethnicity, gender, level of education, the field of teaching, teaching experience, and teaching experience of students of various nationalities and cultures. The findings of this study have implications for educational knowledge and professional practice, especially for lecturers, and the academic community, higher education that offers to teach courses to play a role and take responsibility for the need to provide prospective teachers’ candidate to have a high level of cultural diversity sensitivity in line with the reality of student diversity in higher educations today on them using social media - Facebook and Instagram.

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Der Anteil der Patienten mit Migrationshintergrund in geriatrischen Einrichtungen in Deutschland steigt kontinuierlich. Ebenso steigt die Zahl medizinischen Personals mit Migrationshintergrund. Die Fahigkeit zum kultursensiblen Verstehen und Handeln ist daher essentiell. Es wurde ein Training fur Mitarbeitende in der Behandlung chronisch kranker alterer Patientinnen und Patienten mit Migrationshintergrund erstellt, erprobt und evaluiert. Methode Das halbtagige Training wurde basierend auf Interviews mit Expertinnen und Experten sowie der Forschungsliteratur erstellt. Es wurde in einer Pilotstudie in 3 Kliniken (Geriatrie, Orthopadie, Kardiologie) erprobt und mittels halbstrukturierter, leitfadengestutzter Interviews, welche inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet wurden, sowie hinsichtlich der Trainingsinhalte und deren Umsetzung evaluiert. Ergebnisse Das Training war praktikabel und wurde von den Teilnehmenden positiv angenommen, es lies sich ein hoher Bedarf an Masnahmen zur Erhohung der Kultursensibilitat aus den Interviews ableiten. Es ergaben sich Verbesserungen auf den Dimensionen der Selbstreflexion (Erkennen eigener und fremder kultureller Pragung), der Kommunikation mit den Patientinnen und Patienten und in der Arbeit mit Angehorigen sowie des Austauschs im Team. Diskussion Die Teilnehmenden wunschten sich eine umfangreichere und breitere Fortbildung. Hier ware ein Multiplikatorentraining sinnvoll, um die Inhalte flachendeckend und nachhaltig in den Kliniken zu implementieren. Ein randomisiert kontrolliertes Design ist notwendig, um die vermuteten Effekte des Trainings zu uberprufen. Schlussfolgerung Basierend auf den Ergebnissen und dem grosen Bedarf sollte die Weiterbildung in einem breiteren zeitlichen und personellen Rahmen durchgefuhrt werden.

Communication regarding serious illness is challenging in most circumstances. Patients with Limited English Proficiency (LEP) have unique language and cultural needs that often require collaboration with a trained medical interpreter, especially when the clinical encounter involves serious illness decision making or elucidation of patient goals, preferences, and values. Although there is mounting evidence to support interpreter/clinician huddles before a serious illness communication encounter, no current initiatives exist to operationalize this evidence. We are currently in the process of developing, evaluating, and implementing a formal interpreter/clinician huddle process to promote high quality care for patients with LEP. Our huddle guide, called the Check-In for Exchange of Clinical and Key Information (CHECK-IN), is designed to facilitate collaboration between an interpreter and clinician during a serious illness encounter by prompting exchange of relevant sociocultural and clinical information between clinicians and interpreters.

Associate's Degree in Nursing (ADN) programs rarely offer international service learning experiences. A project involving an ADN program in a southwestern U.S. border city and a care facility in a nearby city in Mexico was initiated to address cultural competence. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of an international service learning experience on ADN students' cultural competence as measured by pre- and post-scores on the student version of the Inventory for Assessing the Process of Cultural Competence Among Healthcare Professionals-Student Version (IAPCC-SV). Twenty third-semester ADN students participated in a 1-day cross-border international experience. Descriptive statistics provided summaries about the participants and their IAPCC-SV scores. Results indicated a positive effect between participating in an international service learning experience and increased levels of cultural competence. Increasing ADN students' cultural competence through international service learning may help reduce health care disparities among different cultures, promote care that enhances communication between nurses and patients, and build upon therapeutic relationships. International service learning provides ADN students the opportunity to incorporate classroom learning into their care of populations living within diverse communities.

There are important gaps in LGBTQIA knowledge, clinical competency, and cultural sensitivity, as well as attitudes among health care professionals, medical educators, and those in the public and insurance policy sectors. These are not only professional deficiencies but also perpetuate discrimination, limit access to health care, and lead to poor health outcomes. Research supports the notion that acquiring skills and knowledge through dedicated training programs leads to more compassionate and competent care for LGBTQIA patients.

Although the need for cultural competence among healthcare service providers and other practitioners has long been recognized, there has been much less focus on this concept in the field of...

When assessing the fragility that characterizes the health of an immigrant person, a culturally competent transformation of the nurse–patient teaching-learning process is necessary. Therefore, it is considered essential to incorporate cultural competence and intercultural communication in higher nursing education.ObjectiveTo determine the content and knowledge of cultural competence and intercultural communication offered in higher education in nursing courses.DesignThe Campinha-Bacote model of cultural competence was used as the primary reference.MethodA scoping review was conducted about studies published in the period 2003 and 2020. The research was conducted between May and October 2020. More than a hundred documents (books, chapters, articles, conference proceedings) have been consulted.ResultsUndergraduate nursing courses and postgraduate education move toward promoting cultural competence and sensitivity through teaching strategies.ConclusionsTeaching projects that combine multiple competencies are more effective, including teacher training. A predominant element is a need for continuous and transversal projects. University nursing education must adapt culturally competent curricula.

Currently, for improving students' learning, the focus is made solely on teaching strategies whereas assessment is practiced just for auditing and overlooks the improvement in students' learning. To this effect, a qualitative approach is executed to showcase teachers' perceptions regarding the use of classroom assessment practices for students' overall development. The sample of the study comprises 20 teachers, randomly selected, from five public sector universities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Relevant data were collected through semi-structured interview schedules while analyzed by adopting thematic approach. Cultural sensitivity was ensured during data collection process. The results revealed that teachers strongly asserted the use of classroom assessment practices for students' overall development. Teachers' emphasized that there is a need to equip the students with life-essential skills as the more students participate in classroom assessment practices, the more they will be able to develop skills and perform effectively in a real-life situation.

The implementation of a marketing strategy without cultural sensitivity in mind can result in unintentionally offending or alienating the new target market, which can lead to a drop in sales – or worse. The purpose of this paper is first to explore how promotional advertisement with cultural sensitivity can cause a misfit in marketing strategy for the fashion industry’s specific market. Causing the promotion turned provocative. It could be more advantages for a marketer to be able to fully utilize intrinsic and extrinsic strengths while avoiding the market predecessor threat, simultaneously utilize available opportunities and liberalize weaknesses despite putting too much effort to eradicate. Secondly, a specific execution technique used in analyzing the case by adopting the 7 Ps marketing mixed into an inductive single-case study on Naelofar Hijab’s provocative promotion. The finding shows the core strategy in the promotion fashion industry is promoting via social media consist of popularity engagement, Outfit-Of-The-Day (OOTD) approach, and utilization of personnel status as media social active user established strong consumer foundations. While the execution of runway show faced five challenges, but the successful event may uplift brand identity. As far as the adoption of a single-case study is concerned, this could create biases that can affect the final product in terms of reliability, validity and generalizing. However, Erikson (1986) stated, the general lies in the particular, and Flyvberg (2006) stated the strength of a single example is underestimated in its contribution to scientific progress. In a specific and growing sub-industry, this single case study is reasonable to believe that it could be considered as a representative case of companies of the time and its findings sufficiently in general. Significantly, the finding could guide marketers towards understanding the market sensitivity, and if there is a need to modify the marketing strategy from offending the new target market.

The purpose of the present article is a reflection on the concept of cultural sensitivity as the major element of the (inter)cultural competence presented in The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, teaching, assessment (Council of Europe, 2001), juxtaposed with the leading paradigm of interculturality in glottodidactics. Whereas this dominant ap-proach often focuses mainly on the question of differences and similarities be-tween cultures, our model allows us to take a look ‘from the inside’ by trying to adopt an attitude of reflectiveness towards cultural standards, among oth-ers. After analysing some of the theories concerning developing intercultural sensitivity, such as the sociological model of Bennett or the educational sys-tem of Byram, we proceed to justify why we would promote the cultural ap-proach in glottodidactics. We seek to explain how we can specify cultural sen-sitivity, what elements which encourage this attitude and what would block it. In the last part of the article, we concentrate on the specificity of media dis-course in the context of cultural sensitivity and on ways of using authentic mass media materials in the teaching-learning process, providing some exam-ples taken from a pilot study conducted by the author for her Master’s thesis.

African Americans, specifically African American men, continue to have a substantially higher rate of hypertension and lower life expectancy than other racial and ethnic groups. This has been linked to poor interactions with health care providers. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between African American men's perceptions of health care providers' cultural sensitivity and a diagnosis of hypertension. A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted with a specific focus on the association between the perceptions of provider cultural sensitivity and hypertension controlling for age, socioeconomic status, insurance status, and anxiety. Quantitative data were collected from 330 African American men using a modified NHIS (National Health Interview Survey) questionnaire consisting of an 18-question multiple-choice and Likert-scale survey. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to predict hypertension from age, socioeconomic status, insurance status, anxiety, and perception of provider cultural sensitivity. The overall model was significant and explained 11.7% of the variance in hypertension. Age and anxiety were unique significant predictors of hypertension in African American men. Based on the findings from this study, it is essential healthcare professionals accurately diagnose and treat African American men based on risk factors such as age and anxiety, which may be related to perceived racism and experiences of racism over time. Experience Framework This article is associated with the Quality & Clinical Excellence lens of The Beryl Institute Experience Framework (https://www.theberylinstitute.org/ExperienceFramework). Access other PXJ articles related to this lens. Access other resources related to this lens.

Instructors of pharmacy skills-based laboratory courses are positioned to prepare students to be practice-ready practitioners through use of hands-on instructional activities essential for pharmacists. This commentary explores an approach to developing cultural sensitivity in pharmacy students, a skill which is reflected in Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) Standard 3.5 and viewed by the authors as a critical skill for all healthcare practitioners. This commentary challenges the Academy to develop best practices for promoting cultural sensitivity in student-learners with the goal of producing students aware of how their own experiences may influence health inequities. The authors propose, using the model of self-efficacy theory as a framework, that skills-based pharmacy education is an ideal platform for cultural sensitivity skill development and engagement because of its ability to go beyond knowledge attainment and influence student abilities, behaviors, and attitudes. The authors' recommendations include that members of the Academy self-assess personal and institutional cultural sensitivity, ensure integration of cultural sensitivity in curriculum, use self-efficacy theory as a guide to integrate best practices for providing culturally sensitive care in laboratory activities, and develop best practices.

A mixed-methods study including 22 Sino-Nova Scotian school principals in China has established that preparation for leadership in that context requires the consideration of many salient factors. While many North American standards of leadership are an important foundation, effective communication within the multidimensional system is of paramount importance. It was also found that, in order to administer a successful program, principals needed to build stronger social support systems for their teachers and further create a community of practice that included cultural sensitivity and understanding.

Introduction: This article outlines the processes used to meaningfully and authentically engage Australian Aboriginal communities in Northern New South Wales, Australia, to develop culturally appropriate stroke health resources. Methodology: Participatory action research using the research topic yarning framework is a collaborative, culturally safe way to uncover vital information and concepts. There were two stages in the participatory action research project: community engagement and evaluation of the processes involved in developing the localised, culturally appropriate health resources. Results: Establishing relationships built on trust, mutual sharing of knowledge, and bringing together the wider community, enabled the health message to be embedded within the community, ensuring the message was culturally appropriate and sustainable. Discussion: The stroke education resource is a tangible outcome and a major achievement; however, the process of authentic engagement to achieve the final product was the ultimate accomplishment.

Background and objective The term asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) refers to the isolation of bacteria in a urine specimen of individuals without any symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI). Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease involving multiple organ systems, characterized by its chronicity and hence endless complications including ASB. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of ASB and antibiotic susceptibility patterns among patients with diabetes. Materials and methods This was a retrospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital. The study included patients with a diagnosis of diabetes with no signs and symptoms of UTI but who still showed the growth of an organism in urine culture. A total of 222 urine cultures were analyzed retrospectively, ensuring that they met the inclusion criteria through non-probability consecutive sampling. Results The mean age of the study participants was 62.89 ± 13.77 years; 76% of them were females, and 61% had a family history of diabetes. The most frequent organisms isolated were Escherichia coli (E. coli), Enterococcus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species. A total of 20 subjects had dual bacterial growth in their cultures, with Enterococcus species (n=17) being the most common organism. Gender, family history of diabetes, levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and advanced age were all found significantly associated with ASB. Conclusion Our study is the first of its kind to analyze and examine the risk factors associated with ASB in DM patients, and to identify the pathogens involved, along with assessing their antibiotic resistance profiles.

This article describes the current state of migration of immigrant children into the United Sates and the various categories of immigrant children, including refugees, asylum seekers, unaccompanied minors, adoptees, and Special Immigrant Visa holders, hereafter called immigrant children. It focuses on guidelines for medical screening and management of newcomer immigrant children and adolescents and their ongoing preventive care. This article also addresses challenges unique to immigrant children and adolescents and the importance of culturally sensitive anticipatory guidance.

Culture-focused Frameworks for Service Delivery includes a comparative analysis of various approaches to health care such as cultural awareness, cultural sensitivity, cultural competence, cultural humility, and cultural responsiveness, to understanding and addressing cultural issues and considerations from a professional practice standpoint.

The recent surge in acts of violence motivated by intergroup biases in the United States are of great concern. If allowed to progress, these conditions could create an unwelcoming atmosphere and could foster further division within the United States. Based on previous culture-related studies, multiculturalism is a possible solution to reducing intergroup biases, as it positively affects implicit and explicit cultural attitudes, perceptions, as well as behaviors. The current study developed a virtual multiculturalism intervention as a means to improve intergroup relations and combat cultural biases within the undergraduate student population. Specifically, 249 undergraduate students were randomly assigned to the intervention condition and the control condition. Results showed that participants in the intervention condition had a significantly higher improvement in multiculturalism scores, supporting the incorporation of a virtual multiculturalism intervention in higher education. This study calls for the implementation of a better framework of understanding of how changes in multicultural events are perceived and how this can be used to create a more empathetic population who are more comfortable and understanding with one another. This inexpensive and timesaving model holds the possibility of being used in the future to aid in overcoming cultural differences between student populations and varying ethnics groups alike.

Background Low back pain (LBP) is the second highest cause of health burden in China. Delayed recovery, poor clinical outcomes and persistence of LBP are associated with negative pain beliefs about LBP. Chinese philosophies are nested into the daily life of people in China, which is likely to influence pain beliefs. However, there is lack of knowledge about people’s discourses regarding their LBP in China. The primary aim of this study was to explore the discourses underlying the beliefs of people in China about what causes their persistent or recurrent LBP. The secondary aim was to investigate the sources of these pain beliefs. Methods People (n = 152) from South Central, East and North Mainland China with LBP completed an online survey about what they believed caused their persistent or recurrent LBP and where these understandings came from. Potential causes of persistent or recurrent LBP were explored qualitatively using discourse analysis. The sources of these discourses were assessed by descriptive statistics with conventional content analysis. Results Five discourses were identified to underpin participants’ beliefs about what caused their persistent or recurrent LBP, namely: (1) biomedical problems (66.4%), (2) unbalanced lifestyle (48.7%), (3) menstruation and ‘kidney’ status (9.2%), (4) the ‘Five Elements’ imbalance (7.9%), and (5) energy status (5.9%). Most participants responded that their pain beliefs were based on information derived from healthcare professionals (59.2%), followed by the internet (24.3%) and family (23.0%). Conclusions People from moderately and well-developed parts of Mainland China think predominantly in line with a Western biomedical viewpoint about their LBP. Traditional Chinese medicine related pain beliefs mainly to the concept of ‘balance’ were evident on contemporary Chinese society’s understandings of LBP. These cultural beliefs could be relevant to consider in LBP management and involve healthcare professionals, family and patient in this process.

Objectives: This study aims to determine that the general characteristics, self-esteem, parent-child relationships, and school life adjustment differ between the Internet game addiction risk group and the non-addiction group, and identify the factors affecting the risk of Internet game addiction. Methods: Data were collected from 24 January to 17 April 2013. A total of 209 subjects were analyzed in the 4th, 5th, 6th grade of elementary school students of multicultural families in Gwangju and Jeollanam-do Province, South Korea. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in self-esteem, parent-child relationship, and school life adjustment between the Internet game addiction risk group and the non-addiction group. The factors affecting Internet game addiction risk to elementary school students in multicultural families were gender, foreign mother’s country, school life adjust ment in order. Conclusions: It is necessary to consider cultural sensitivity in developing Internet game addiction risk prevention program, and to grasp the Internet game addiction targeting multicultural elementary school students.

Despite female genital mutilation being a risk factor for obstetric complications, we know very little about antenatal care (ANC) utilization among circumcised women. Applying Goffman’s stigma theory and drawing data from the 2014 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey, we compared the frequency of ANC visits and timing of first ANC visit between circumcised and uncircumcised women in Kenya. In the total sample of Kenyan women who made at least one ANC visit, only 55% made ANC visits at least four times, and only 19% made an ANC visit within the first trimester of their pregnancy. Moreover, 34% of women were circumcised. We also found that circumcised women were less likely to visit ANC at least four times (OR = 0.82, p

This dissertation aims to unravel the important values regarding health and health promotion in Jakarta using a community-based perspective. That is, the perspectives of health-care users and workers are investigated while paying attention to the cultural context of health-related issues. The studies presented in this thesis provide insights on the gaps between people’s expectation and the provided health services. For instance, why people use self-and traditional medicines to treat their illness, and why health-care workers had no time to conduct a proper health promotion programs in their community. To alleviate these gaps, the dissertation suggests implementing a multisector, evidence-based, and culturally appropriate approach in Jakarta that takes inspiration from the Community Coalition and Intervention Mapping framework.

Domestic and international travel study programs have grown in length and popularity since they began in 1923. Regardless of the field of study, the goal of most programs is to enhance student cultural sensitivity. The purpose of this study was to explore the contribution of an undergraduate food-focused domestic travel study program on long-term cultural sensitivity based on the ASKED model. A travel study program focused on transcultural food and cuisine was initiated in 1987 and as of 2017, implemented 22 times. The program length varied between 3 and5 weeks and was offered in two locations in the United States. A survey developed to explore the long-term impact of the program incorporated the ASKED model of cultural competence. This model includes five domains: cultural awareness, skill, knowledge, encounters, and desire. The survey was validated and found to be reliable. University of Delaware alumni who participated in the travel study program (n = 461) and a comparison group of alumni (n = 402) who did not participate in the program were invited to complete the survey. The majority of respondents majored in nutrition and dietetics. Alumni who participated in the travel study program had significantly higher total cultural sensitivity scores and also higher scores on 3 domains, namely cultural skill, knowledge, and desire compared to those that did not. Of the 11 program activities participants were asked to rank as contributors to cultural sensitivity, dining experiences and farm to table tours were rated as the top two, respectively. The study findings provided evidence that a short-term, domestic travel study program enhanced long-term cultural sensitivity. Since domestic programs may be a more cost-effective option and align more closely with employment opportunities in healthcare than international travel programs for college graduates, educators should provide opportunities and encourage dietetic students to participate in these travel programs.

Background: Women of South Asian descent have an increased risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to Caucasian women. Dietary advice provided by health practitioners to this group has been found to be culturally inappropriate. The aim of this study was to describe the dietary intakes of South Asian women with gestational diabetes and use this information to develop culturally appropriate dietary models for education and support of dietary management. Method: An in-depth diet and lifestyle survey was administered with 13 eligible women. Dietary histories were collected for pre-pregnancy, during pregnancy and post-GDM diagnosis to evaluate changes in dietary intake, diet and health beliefs and traditional foods consumed during pregnancy. Results: The diets of participants did not meet nutrient requirements for pregnancy; specific areas on concern were dietary fibre, calcium, iron, folate and iodine. Vegetarians were particularly at risk with regards to energy and protein intake. Generally dietary intakes of these women with GDM were not consistent with guidelines for management of GDM. Confusion about what they should eat for GDM, health practitioner advice and conflict with cultural expectations about foods to consume during pregnancy was evident. Conclusion: The dietary information collected from these women was used to model sample menus for GDM that were culturally appropriate and consistent with vegetarian and non-vegetarian eating patterns.

This study surveyed 1,129 U.S. military medical personnel deployed to a combat support hospital in Iraq regarding their attitudes and beliefs about providing healthcare to Iraqi National Gu...

Albeit scholars have conducted international franchising research for over two decades, our understanding of the antecedents and outcomes of this particular type of internationalization is still limited. In this article, we systematically review the literature related to international franchising and create a road map of extant knowledge. Through this review, we seek to provide a greater understanding of the use of theories, methodologies, and the emergent phenomenon of international franchise partnerships in multiple industries. Additionally, we detected inconsistencies in paradigms that allowed us to offer suggestions for future research. Among the opportunities for future research in the area of international franchising, constructs such as cultural sensitivity, institutional distance, management motivation, network complexity and financial performance need further attention.

Background and purpose To examine the impact of a lecture on transgender health given during a special populations therapeutics course on third-year (P3) pharmacy students' knowledge and confidence of transgender care. Educational activity and setting A two-hour lecture that included both cultural sensitivity and pharmacotherapy aspects of care for transgender individuals was added to a required two-credit therapeutics series offered at the end of the P3 year of a doctor of pharmacy curriculum. Following the lecture, students completed a 17-item knowledge-based survey and ranked their confidence with each answer on a 5-point scale. Students in the fourth-year (P4) class, who had not been given the lecture, also completed the survey. Findings Students who attended the lecture had a significantly higher mean knowledge score and mean confidence score than students who did not attend. The P3 class had a mean knowledge score of 72.5% while the mean knowledge score for the P4 class was 63.4% (P Discussion To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report on incorporating the topic of transgender care to a required disease and therapeutics series in a college of pharmacy curriculum. Summary Students who attended a lecture on care of transgender individuals performed significantly better on a knowledge-based assessment and reported having greater confidence in their answers than students who did not attend the lecture.

This research explores the world of accent coaching, aiming to unearth culturally sensitive strategies while coaching Asian actors an Asian accent. Historically, Asian characters have been depicted...

Introduction:Cultural awareness can be defined as an understanding of the differences that exist between cultures. This understanding is a crucial first step towards the development of cultural sensitivity, a willingness to accept those differences as having equal merit, and becoming operationally effective when working within different cultures. The benefits of cultural awareness have become apparent in recent decades, including within governments, militaries, and corporations. Many organizations have developed cultural awareness training for their staffs to improve cross-cultural cooperation. However, there has not been a large movement toward cultural sensitivity training among non-governmental organizations (NGOs) who provide aid globally, across a number of countries and cultures. Cultural awareness can be a useful tool which enables an NGO to better serve the populations with which they engage.Problem:The goal of this study was to evaluate the presence of cultural awareness training for employees and volunteers working within international NGOs.Methods:Ten of the largest international NGOs were identified. Their websites were evaluated for any mention of training in cultural awareness available to their employees and volunteers. All ten were then contacted via their public email addresses to find out if they provide any form of cultural awareness training.Results:Of the ten NGOs identified, none had any publicly available cultural awareness training on their websites. One NGO dealt with cultural awareness by only hiring local staff, who were already a part of the prevalent culture of the area. None of the others who responded provided any cultural awareness training.Conclusion:Cultural awareness is a vital tool when working internationally. Large NGOs, which operate in a wide-range of cultures, have an obligation to act in a culturally aware and accepting manner. Most large NGOs currently lack a systematic, robust cultural awareness training for their employees and volunteers.

Purpose This paper aims to analyse the conceptual bases of the related terms of “host” and “guest” in Chinese and reveal essential, though overlooked, cultural differences that relate to “hospitality” in Western and Chinese cultural contexts. Design/methodology/approach A presupposition of this conceptual investigation is that culture manifests itself linguistically. The analytic approach used here is textual analysis. Confucian classical texts are the main source of evidence for examining the conceptual commitments of the Chinese characters 主 and 客 and their corresponding practical expressions. Findings Cross-cultural comparison reveals asymmetries between the term “hospitality” and its Chinese translations, etymologically and culturally. This study demonstrates how the Chinese 主–客 paradigm is both hierarchal in nature and centred on the role and interests of the host. It further compares this paradigm with its Western counterpart along five different dimensions. Research limitations/implications The specific Chinese norms for the host–guest paradigm synthesized here could prompt both academicians and operators to question the cultural attachments associated with hospitality by participants and the cultural differences in hospitality transactions and management. The cultural sensitivity modelled here is intended to facilitate harmony between a hospitality setting and the culture in which it is embedded. Originality/value This conceptual paper is the first in the Anglophone literature to explore the Chinese cultural roots of the concepts “host” and “guest”. The linguistic perspective used in this study allows the concept of “hospitality” to be studied cross-culturally and in an interdisciplinary way, addressing a blind spot in the extant hospitality literature.

Housing reconstruction cases without cultural sensitivity had resulted in rejection. These raise challenges to understanding the importance of cultural background and how it affects residents' lifestyles. This study investigated self-built and donated housing through on-field research with questionnaires, interviews, and field observations. Items related to dwelling usage, behaviour adjustments, evaluation and community activities participation were obtained. Results suggest that residents adjust their physical behavioural aspects to maintain previous social behaviour lifestyles, though evaluations indicate dissatisfaction with the unchangeable donated housing design. Social interactions' importance, flexibility and open-ended design in housing are advantageous for their post-disaster recovery.