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The flow field of the air-ejector of liquid ring vacuum pump is 3D simulated by applying the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique. According to the simulation results, the relationship between suction pressure and mass flow rate of suction fluid is obtained. Compare with the experimental results, it is verified that the numerical simulation method adopted in this paper is feasible. Then using the simulation method to analyze the influence of the outlet pressure and suction pressure on the performance of the air-ejector. The result show that: When the motive pressure and the suction pressure are constant, there is a critical outlet pressure Pd*, which corresponds to the optimum working point of the air-ejector, which can provide a reference for determining the outlet pressure in ejector design. When the motive pressure and outlet pressure are constant, the entrainment ratio and air-ejector efficiency increase with the suction pressure, but the vacuum capacity of the air-ejector decreases and the application range becomes smaller.

In this paper, an efficient strategy for the synthesis of graphene nanobelt-titanium dioxide/graphitic carbon nitride (graphene-TiO2/g-C3N4) heterostructure photocatalyst was applied to fabricate a kind of visible-light-driven photocatalyst. The heterostructure shows higher absorption edge towards harvesting more solar energy compared with pure TiO2 and pure g-C3N4 respectively. Furthermore, the as-prepared graphene-TiO2/g-C3N4 heterostructure can show enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation. These outstanding performances of photocatalytic activities for graphene-TiO2/g-C3N4 composites can be attributed to the heterojunction interfaces which can separate the electron-hole pairs and impede the recombination of electrons and holes more efficiently. This study conclusively demonstrates a facile and environmentally friendly new strategy to design highly efficient graphene-TiO2/g-C3N4 heterostructure photocatalytic materials for potential applications under visible-light irradiation.

Experimental studies and regression analysis of experimental data show that when using HL hardness tester (under conditions of C-type/D-type impact device) to measure the tensile strength of steels from existing steel structures, the relation curves between Leeb hardness and tensile strength of steel can be achieved. It may provide a non-destructive (NDT) method for testing tensile strength of steel.

Engineering seismic exploration aims at shallow imaging which is confused by statics if the surface is uneven. Direct pre-stack depth migration (DPDM) is based on accurate elevations of sources and receivers, by which static correction is completely abandoned before migration and surely the imaging quality is remarkably improved. To obtain some artificial shot gathers, high-order staggered-grid finite-difference (FD) method is adapted to model acoustic wave propagation. Since the shot gathers are always disturbed by regular interferences, the statics still must be applied to supporting the interference elimination by apparent velocity filtering method. Then all the shot gathers should be removed back to their original positions by reverse statics. Finally, they are migrated by pre-stack reverse-time depth migration and imaged. The numerical experiments show that the DPDM can ideally avoid the mistakes caused by statics and increase imaging precision.

As the foundation and important part of green building development, green building materials application and development directly determine the success of green building development, and also have a significant influence to complete the target of energy saving and emission reduction and comprehensive utilization in the building materials industry in Hunan.Through the survey of Hunan Province building materials industry present situation and resources, combined with the national development policies,this article is put forward the measure to accelerate the Hunan province green building materials development, make clear the basis idea, development target and key on our province green building materials development,develop the grow planning of green building materials in Hunan.

Building material is the base of civil engineering construction, in the history of thousands of years of development, building materials also gradually change and change, and is closely related to the progress of human civilization and the development of science and technology.Green building materials has the vital significance to the construction of a conservation-oriented society and sustainable development, in accordance with China's social development.This paper introduces the importance of the development of green building materials,analyzes some factors influencing the development of green building materials in China,and discusses the development tendency of green building materials in China.

The dependence of temperature and velocity distributions on rotation speed during KDP crystal growth process were numerical simulated via finite volume method and the Fluent software. It revealed that at the rotation speed of 9 r/min, the temperature value nearby the crystal was relatively higher, and the temperature distribution was stable, which resulted in single capping and slow capping speed. When rotation speeds reached 55 and 77 r/min, the temperature value nearby the crystal was comparatively low, which increased the supersaturation and acceler- ated the capping speed. The rotation speed between 9 and 50 r/min could bring temperature turbulence, and conse- quently led more capping. The capping speed was relatively moderate. The simulation result proved the rotation speed of 77 r/min was the optimum speed.

The therapeutic effect of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is often disappointing and challenging. The role of intra-cutaneous injection of local anesthetic and steroids in preventing PHN remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a single intra-cutaneous injection of ropivacaine plus methylprednisolone on acute thoracic herpes zoster (HZ) pain intensity and duration, eruptive duration, and PHN incidence. A total of 97 patients with acute thoracic HZ diagnosed 1-7 days after the onset of the rash were randomly assigned to receive either 15 mL of 37.5 mg ropivacaine plus 40 mg methylprednisolone (active group, n = 49) or 15 mL of saline (placebo group, n = 48). Over 7 days, all patients received 800 mg of acyclovir 5 times daily and 150 mg pregabalin twice daily. Acetaminophen was used as a rescue analgesia when visual analog scale ≥4. Pain intensity was measured with visual analog scale and the amount of analgesic taken was evaluated at the initial visit and at weeks 1, 4, 12, and 24 after the intra-cutaneous injection. The time of complete resolution of pain, time of healing of skin eruption, and incidence of PHN were reported. The active group displayed a significantly shorter duration of pain (28.4 ± 46.7 vs. 59.2 ± 65.0, respectively; p = .009) and herpetic eruption (22.5 ± 6.8 vs. 32.6 ± 7.6, respectively; p < .001) than the placebo group. A significantly lower incidence of PHN was encountered in the active group after 4 weeks (16.3% vs. 47.9%, respectively; p = .001) and 12 weeks (10.2% vs. 29.2%, respectively; p = .019). Lower incidence of PHN was noticed in the active group after 24 weeks; however, this was not statistically significant (6.1% vs. 18.8%, respectively; p = .059). There was a significant reduction in the average and total doses of pregabalin and acetaminophen in the active group after the injection. No serious side effects were noticed during the study period. Early single intra-cutaneous injection, in combination with antiviral agents and optimal analgesics, in the course of acute thoracic HZ seems to be a simple, well-tolerated, and effective adjuvant treatment modality. It dramatically decreased pain intensity, shortened pain duration, reduced skin eruption, and reduced and may even prevent the development of PHN.

Background. Treatment of established postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is difficult and often disappointing. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of repetitive intracutaneous injections with local anesthetics and steroids in acute thoracic herpes zoster (HZ) pain, herpetic eruption, and incidence of PHN. Methods. Ninety-three patients with acute thoracic HZ were randomly assigned to receive a standard treatment of antiviral medication with p.o. analgesics or the standard treatment with the addition of repetitive intracutaneous injections of a local anesthetic and steroid mixture. Patients were permitted to take tramadol when the visual analog scale (VAS) ≥ 4. Pain assessment using VAS was conducted at the initial visit, as well as 1, 2, 4, 12, and 24 weeks after the end of the treatments. Results. In comparison with the standard treatment group, the VAS scores of the intracutaneous injection group were significantly lower during the study. The intracutaneous injection group also reported shorter duration of pain and skin eruption than the control group ( P = 0.005 vs P

Since the oil crisis in the early 70,s of the 20th century,the problem of energy shortage had drawn worldwide attention.Energy saving is now regarded as the 5th“energy resources,besides coal,petroleum,natural gas,and nuelear power.And energy saving of buildings especially cutting down the daily operating energy consuming is given the greatest importance by many countries. Analys is the status of building energy saving in Anhui Provice, and analys is key problems of building energy saving in Anhui Provice,which aims to find out a suitable way for Anhui’s energy saving of buildings.

As people living standard rise ceaselessly, bedroom adornment also gradually toward modernization. Some decoration materials use the polluting, radioactive, bring of suffocation, carcinogenicity of harm cause the attention of people increasingly. The effective way to improve eliminate the house chamber environment air pollution is to develop low carbon building decoration materials and products.

This study investigated the traffic-induced stresses in the steel deck of a suspension bridge on the Yangtze River, taking into account the dependence of Young’s modulus of asphalt pavement on temperature. In particular, the stress spectra of local areas in the steel deck were studied. On the basis of the massive traffic data collected by a bridge toll system over one month, traffic composition and the vehicle load were statistically analyzed, and then a random traffic flow model that reflected the statistical characteristics of actual traffic flow, was generated. Through a bridge dynamic analysis of the random traffic flow model, a segment of the steel box girder which experiences the greatest stress was selected. The local stress variation and the stress spectrum under traffic flow were analyzed using a finite-element model (FEM). In the FEM analysis process, the impact of the temperature on mechanical properties of the asphalt pavement was considered. The results show that the middle segment of the main span has the largest moment amplitude. In addition, it was observed that the variation of Young’s modulus of asphalt pavement resulting from temperature change can significantly affect the stress of the steel box girder and the stress spectrum at different local areas in steel deck.

Adhesive anchors are widely used as post-installed fasteners in civil engineering. A typical steel-to-concrete connection includes multiple anchors which are commonly subjected to combined moment and shear loading. Based on the assumption that all anchors take up shear load, a revised method is developed for the design of ductile anchors, which considers that only the row of most stressed anchors in the tension zone are needed to meet the elliptical interaction of tension and shear capacity requirement during the design process of anchorage group under combined shear and moment loading. The ultimate strength of post-installed fastenings should be controlled by the strength of anchor steel for the purpose of connection safety and full utilization of anchor capacity. For the objective of ductile design in anchor group, the ratio of shear span could be used as an evaluation parameter in the process of strength prediction. According to the theoretical analysis and results comparison, the ductile failure of anchor steel in post-installed fastenings can be guaranteed when the ratio of shear span is greater than 0.6.

Four steel-to-concrete connections with adhesive anchor groups under reversed cyclic loading have been tested. The results showed that anchor steel could reach yield strength before connection failure, generating small shell-shaped concrete cone in the surface of block and the ultimate capacity was governed by strength of anchor. Seismic characteristics of hysteresis curve, rigidity regression, ductility and energy-dissipation were used to draw conclusions that the connections would behave in a ductile manner without significant loss of loading capacity after peak value and visible deformation could develop until failure occurred. Increased embedment depth and added amount of anchors were helpful to improve seismic performance of connections. Only the outer row of most stressed anchors in the tension zone were needed to meet the elliptical interaction of tension and shear capacity requirement during the design process of anchor groups under combined shear and moment loading. In seismic design of steel-to-concrete connections, the predicted capacity by a reduction factor of 0.8 was advised and the comparison of calculated versus observed capacity presented limited variance.

To cope with environment and climate change has become a global focus, so does energy and resource security. For many developed countries it is a breakthrough of promoting economy growth to advocate low-carbon life and develop low-carbon construction materials together. This is also an important element of a country's future integrated ability. There is a synergy relationship of mutual influence and common development between construction materials industry and low-carbon life. The former does contributions for low-carbon life, and then the latter promotes innovation and energy saving in construction materials industry. Finally the building industry in China will presents photograph of a speed and structure, quality, benefit to unite.

Building material industry which belongs to High-carbon is facing severe challenges and great opportunity when coping with global climatic change. Low-carbon is an inevitable trend that economy grows. Low-carbon economy is the backbone for economic transition and also the right way for people move towards future .By means of structural adjustment and technology innovation building material industry is destined to achieve full vitality in the transition to the low-carbon economy.

Acute nonspecific neck pain is one of the major public health problems lacking efficient treatments. The present study was designed to observe the analgesic effect of intracutaneous injection of local anesthestics and steroids on acute nonspecific neck pain.Thirty-six newly diagnosed with acute nonspecific neck pain patients were randomized to receive ibuprofen (IPB group) or intracutaneous injection of local anesthetics (lidocaine and bupivacaine) and steroid (methylprednisolone) (MLB group). The pain intensity was the primary outcome and evaluated with visual analog scale (VAS). Neck disability index (NDI) and patient global impression of changes (PGIC) were monitored for overall outcomes.Following treatments, patients from the 2 groups have decreased VAS scores and NDI when compared with their baseline level at 3 hours, day 1, and day 3 time points. Interestingly, the MLB group patients have lower VAS scores and NDI than IPB group. MLB patients also had a greater PGIC than IPB group.This study indicates that single intracutaneous injection of local anesthetics and steroids is sufficient to alleviate acute nonspecific neck pain.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oxycodone hydrochloride controlled-release (CR) tablets (Oxycontin®, Mundipharma International Limited, Cambridge, UK), 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, and 40 mg in relieving moderate to severe non-cancer pain. Method Two multi-center, open-label, prospective, self-controlled clinical trial, used identical protocols. All the subjects were patients with moderate to severe non-cancer pain. The clinical data were collected in the natural course of clinical treatment. Results Treatments with oxycodone CR tablets was associated with fast onset on pain relief; 85.2% of patients in study 1 and 91.8% of patients in study 2 achieved pain relief within 1 hour of drug administration. Clinical efficacy Both studies demonstrated that oxycodone CR tablets showed good clinical efficacy for relieving both moderate and severe non-cancer pain. Patients experienced sustained pain relief from the first week of treatment. Patients in both study 1 and study 2 experienced a dramatic pain score reduction (as assessed by VAS) after the first week of treatment. Safety profile During oxycodone CR treatment, use of concomitant medications decreased significantly. A few patients developed ADRs in the first week, which decreased significantly as the treatment continued. Constipation was the most common ADR in the first week, which decreased to 10% of patients from the second week of treatment. Conclusion Oxycodone CR tablets demonstrated fast onset of pain control and superior efficacy for relieving both moderate and severe non-cancer pain, as well as significant reductions in the number of concomitant medications, demonstrating a good safety profile.

Background At the present, a shift from drug therapy, especially herbal therapy, to dietary supplementation is a trend in the management of dyslipidemia and related diseases. Therefore, the optimal utilization of herbal resource is important for a sustainable development of herbal medicine. Here, we compared the effects of dietary supplementation with Chinese medicine Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus seed (FSC-S) and the post-ethanol extraction residue of FSC-S (FSC-SpEt) on normal diet-fed (normal) and experimental hypercholesterolemic (HCL) mice. Methods Male ICR mice (n = 10 in each group), weighing 17–21 g, were fed with normal diet (ND) or high cholesterol/bile salt (1/0.3 %, w/w) diet (HCBD) with or without supplemented with FSC-S, FSC-SpEt), or lipid-lowering agent fenofibrate (FF). Ten days later, serum/hepatic lipid and glucose (GLU) levels, body weight, organ/epididymal fat masses, and food/water intake were measured. Lipid level measurements included those of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), HDL/LDL ratio, LDL/HDL ratio, and non-HDL (N-HDL). Results Supplementation with FSC-S and FSC-SpEt increased serum TC (by 64 and 25 %, respectively) and LDL (by 60 and 27 %, respectively) in normal mice. FSC-S supplementation elevated serum TC, TG, HDL, LDL, and LDL/HDL ratio (up to 64, 118, 77, 197, and 51 %, respectively) in HCL mice. FSC-SpEt supplementation reduced serum TG (by 15 %) and LDL/HDL ratio (by 18 %), as well as increased serum HDL (by 22 %) and HDL/LDL ratio (by 21 %) in HCBD-fed mice. FSC-S decreased hepatic TC (by 19 %) contents and increased hepatic TG contents by 14 % in normal mice. FSC-S reduced hepatic GLU level in both normal and HCL mice by 24 and 22 %, respectively. Hepatic TC and TG contents were lowered in FSC-SpEt-supplemented normal mice by 16 and 20 %, respectively. The body/fatty masse and food intake were lowered, but the feed efficiency index (FEI), weight gain per unit of food ingested, was increased in FSC-S-supplemented normal and HCL mice. FF supplements reduced serum/hepatic lipids, hepatic GLU contents, and epididymal fat mass, but it induced hepatomegaly and high serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity in normal and/or HCL mice. Conclusion The ensemble of results indicated that while FSC-SpEt supplementation is beneficial for the treatment of hyperlipidemia/fatty liver, FSC-S is potentially useful for the management of overweight/obesity.

Pei-Li Zhu,1 Si-Yuan Pan,1 Shu-Feng Zhou,2 Yi Zhang,1 Xiao-Yan Wang,1 Nan Sun,1 Zhu-Sheng Chu,1 Zhi-Ling Yu,3 Kam-Ming Ko41Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; 3School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, HongKong, People’s Republic of China; 4Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of ChinaBackground: Currently, combined therapy using herbs and synthetic drugs has become a feasible therapeutic intervention against some diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of supplementation with fenofibrate (FF), a chemical drug used for the treatment of hyperlipidemia, and the aqueous extract of Schisandrae Fructus (SF, a Chinese herb) pulp (AqSF-P) or an SF-related synthetic analog, bicyclol (BY), on serum/hepatic lipid levels and liver status in normal and hypercholesterolemic (HCL) mice.Methods: Male mice obtained from the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) were fed on a normal diet (ND) or high cholesterol/bile salt (0.5%/0.15%, w/w) diet (HCBD) containing FF (0.03% or 0.1%, w/w) with or without AqSF-P (0.3%-9.0%, based on crude herbal material, w/w) or BY (0.025%, w/w) for 10days. Then serum lipid levels and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, as well as hepatic triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and glucose levels, were measured.Results: Oral supplementation with FF significantly reduced serum and hepatic TG, TC, and hepatic glucose levels (approximately 79%) in mice fed with ND or HCBD. FF supplementation combined with AqSF-P or BY increased FF-induced reduction in hepatic TC and TG contents in ND-fed mice (up to 67%) and in HCBD-fed mice (up to 54%), when compared with FF supplementation alone. Hepatic glucose-lowering effect of FF was enhanced (up to 19%) by AqSF-P cosupplementation in both normal and HCL mice. FF supplementation enhanced the excretion of fecal TC (by 75%) in mice fed with HCBD. Fecal TC contents were increased by 14%/9% in the combination therapy with FF and AqSF-P in ND-/HCBD-fed mice. Serum ALT activity was elevated by 45% in HCBD-fed mice. FF caused a significant increase in ALT activity by 198% and 120% in normal and HCL mice, respectively. BY markedly attenuated the ALT activity by 54% in mice fed with ND supplemented with 0.1% FF and by 42% in mice fed with HCBD supplemented with 0.03% FF.Conclusion: AqSF-P cosupplementation augmented the hepatic lipid-/glucose-lowering effects of FF. BY ameliorated FF-induced liver injury in normal and HCL mice.Keywords: bicyclol, hepatotoxicity, synergist, fatty liver disease, fat index, interaction

Remanufacturing system is a term of green system project which conforms to the national sustainable development strategy. With the demand of the high adaptability of the varieties of waste machining parts, the short product cycle, the low machining cost and the high product quality are offered. Each step of the remanufacturing system from the beginning of the scanning to the accomplishment of the welding was investigted. Aiming at building a remanufacturing system based on totally automatic MIG surfacing via robot, advanced information technology, remanufacturing technology and management, through the control of the pretreatment and the optimization to minimize the time of remanufacturing and realize the remanufacturing on the terminal products of varieties, were applied. The steps mainly incude: 1) using the visual sensor which is installed at the end of the Robot to rapidly get the outline data of the machining part and the pretreatment of the data; 2) rebuilding the curved surface based on the outline data and the integrated CAD material object model; 3) building the remanufacturing model based on the CAD material object model and projecting the remanufacturing process; and 4) accomplishing the remanufacture of the machining part by the technology of MIG surfacing.

Remanufacturing upgrade could enhance the products performance, and realize Product's multi-life cycle for the efficient use of products. The relevant concepts of remanufacturing upgrade is expounded, analyzes the remanufacturing upgrade process, then discusses the work contents of remanufacturing upgrade, finally the remanufacturing upgrade engineering system was described from the theoretical level, technical level and tool level, which will provide reference for advancing the remanufacturing upgrade.

Study Objective To examine the influence of epidural and intravenous (IV) lidocaine, and height of the epidural sensory block, on the dose of propofol required for induction of general anesthesia. Design Randomized controlled study. Setting University hospital. Patients 66 adult, ASA physical status 1 and 2 patients, aged 25 to 65 years, undergoing elective abdominal surgery. Interventions Patients were randomized to 4 groups: the epidural saline control group (Group C; L 2 -L 3 puncture, epidural and IV saline), the IV lidocaine group (Group IV; L 2 -L 3 puncture, saline epidural, IV lidocaine 1 mg/kg), the lumbar epidural lidocaine group (Group EL; L 2 -L 3 puncture, 1.5% lidocaine epidural, IV saline), and the thoracic epidural lidocaine group (Group ET; T 9 -T 10 puncture, 1.5%lidocaine epidural, IV saline). Two minutes after the beginning of the infusion of IV lidocaine or saline, propofol anesthesia was initiated. Measurements Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and sensory block height were monitored. The induction dose of propofol, its estimated effect-site concentration (Ce), and plasma concentration were measured at various time points. Finally, we recorded the time taken for the bispectral index (BIS) to decrease to 60, the plasma concentration of lidocaine at induction, and the occurrence of adverse events. The induction time (when BIS reached 60) also was recorded. Main Results The induction propofol dose, Ce, and plasma concentration of propofol when BIS equaled 60 were significantly lower in Group IV, Group EL, and Group ET than Group C. The above parameters in Group ET (T 9 - T 10 puncture) were significantly less than in Group EL (L 2 - L 3 puncture). The induction doses of propofol and plasma concentration of propofol and lidocaine were significantly higher in Group IV than in Groups EL or ET. Conclusions Epidural and IV lidocaine reduce the dose of propofol required to induce general anesthesia. Administration of lidocaine via the epidural route reduces anesthetic requirements more so than the IV route. Propofol requirements were further reduced in patients with higher sensory epidural block.

Observation of the 532 nm-laser-induced fluorescence spectra of two kinds of Cr:Mg2SiO4 crystalline samples grown in different atomsphere are reported. The experiments were conducted at both room temperature and liquid-nitrogen temperature. The fluorescence spectra of the two kinds of samples were different with respect to the polarizing direction of the inducing laser, and two emission bands with different polarized characters and various enhancement in intensity at low temperatures were also found. In the light of the calculated results by Ms-Xα method, the main experimental results are explained.

At present, the rural road traffic safety in our country is still poor and needs improvement. Many countermeasures to improve the rural traffic safety are difficult to be fulfilled because of the shortage of fund, which leads to more traffic safety problems. Under this situation, it is necessary to offer some low-cost, easy-to-operate countermeasures to solve the traffic safety problems. Comparing the countermeasures to improve the traffic safety, it can be found that they are different in cost and efficiency. Therefore it is necessary to make sort analysis among the improving countermeasures. This study establishes rural road traffic safety improving countermeasures ordering model through research on cost-benefit ratio. The paper first designs an expert questionnaire, selects main rural road problems through field survey and experts’ opinions, and lists all possible countermeasures. Then rank of all possible safety countermeasures to choose optimal improving countermeasure. Finally the paper takes a typical rural road section in Jiangsu province as an example to prove that the model is practical and easy to operate, and can be used to find improving countermeasures with acceptable cost.

Based on the introduction of remanufacturing and advanced remanufacturing related concept, this paper expounds the concepts, characteristics and application of the virtual remanufacturing, flexible remanufacturing, informationization remanufacturing upgrade and group remanufacture, which will play an important role to promote the development of advanced remanufacturing system.

So far, Yele Dam is the highest rockfill dam with asphalt concrete core in the world. In order to solve problems such as local softening, softening range, expanded tendency and whether softening regions would interpenetrate, adopt hump-shaped model suitable for asphalt concrete's strain-softening and matched iterative approach. Solve equations of equilibrium containing local softening elements using virtual-spring-initial stress iterative approach. Furthermore, identify the validity of the model and iterative approach. In the end of the paper, apply the model to Yele Dam's safety evaluation. The result makes it clear that the internal of dam core has not appeared local softening under current loads, so the dam hasn't become unstable.

Reputation reporting systems have emerged as an important risk management mechanism in online trading communities. A trust referral system's task is to use past ratings in order to calculate reliable reputation estimates for sellers. In this context, a reputation estimate acts as a predictor of a seller's future service quality. Online rating systems have been widely adopted by online trading communities to ban “not good” service providers and prompt them to provide “good” services. However, the performance of the online rating systems is easily compromised by various unfair ratings, how to mitigate the influence of the unfair ratings remains a vital issue to improve the reliability of reputation systems. A variety of approaches have been proposed to cope with this issue without considering risk attribute of evaluator, so there are some disadvantages such as complexity of formula and huge computation. In this paper, a scheme based on buyer's risk attribute is proposed in order to effectively play down the substantive computation.

Certified reputation that can be saved by the owner simplifies reputation propagation, it moves the burden of obtaining and maintaining trust information from the trust evaluator to the peer being evaluated who is incentive to do so. But the reputation owner can discard some disadvantageous certified reputation without being detected. In this paper, a mediator-based certified reputation scheme (MCR) is proposed through appending a serial number to certified reputation.

The identification of shielding failure and back striking in transmission lines is always difficult. The process of back striking and shielding failure in UHVAC transmission lines was analyzed in this paper. Because the mechanisms of produced transient zero module current and its propagation paths were different between back striking and shielding failure, their wavelet energy of different frequency bands of transient currents were different. Thereby, from the perspective of protective relaying, this paper proposes an identification method to shielding failure and back striking in transmission lines based on wavelet transform. All data can be acquired from high speed relay protection device. And the results of PSCAD/EMTDC simulation show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

In the process of risk investment decision-making, real option which is one of the key issues in the research of finance engineering is very important to enforce flexibility of management decision. As for appraising methodology, the real option approach is used. However, The investment circumstance is always vague. That is to say, the information we need is incomplete. The uncertainty influences the real option valuation by all appearances. In this paper we take into account the uncertainty of the up and down jump factors of underling assets, which are estimated by triangular fuzzy numbers. While pricing for the real option, we use the binomial model and the risk-neutral valuation approach, and then derive the risk-neutral probability intervals. As a result, we obtain a decision-making model for risk investment projects under vague circumstance. It is beneficial for the evaluation of risk-investment and useful for avoiding the mistaken investment decision-making.Finality, we provide a corresponding example analysis.

Cases of Helicobacter bacteremia have been reported from time to time. Helicobacter pylori is the most important representative of Helicobacterium, yet whether it can result in bacteremia has rarely been studied. In this study, we examined H. pylori DNA in peripheral blood and gastric mucosa of patients with peptic ulcer or chronic gastritis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We found H. pylori DNA in 15 of 20 gastric samples, and 9 of these specimens were positive for H. pylori culture. H. pylori DNA amplified by PCR was positive in the peripheral blood of three patients, who all had duodenal ulcers. Gastric biopsy specimens from these three patients were all positive for H. pylori genes and H. pylori was isolated from these specimens. After the 16S rRNA gene sequences of three specimens from the same patient were obtained, we found that they were identical, which suggested that they are the same strain. Our findings suggest that H. pylori exists not only in gastric mucosa but also in peripheral blood, and it is possible that H. pylori can result in bacteremia.

Traitor tracing schemes constitute a very useful tool against piracy in the context of digital content broadcast. In such multi-recipient encryption schemes, the data-suppliers can reveal the identities of the subscribers that were implicated in the construction of a pirate-device that illegally receives the digital content. In this paper, a traitor tracing scheme based on the RSA scheme is proposed. The scheme does not rely on any trusted third party, and is K - collusion resistant, can provides black-box confirmability, and revoke any traitor's personal decryption key (without the limitation to threshold) without updating the personal decryption key of the remaining subscribers. And the scheme is more efficient than the ElGamal-like scheme according to complexity overload. Its security is the same as that the RSA scheme.

Abstract The Liuhua 11-1 Field is being developed using 20 subsea completed wells. The development capitalizes on an innovative 'Modular Building Block' method that does not require a seafloor template structure for the field's diverless subsea production system. The modular assemblies are installed on the seafloor from semi-submersible floating production system while simultaneous in-field drilling and well completion activities are conducted, Electrical pumps downhole drive produced fluids through subsea pipelines to a floating production, storage, and offloading facility. The Liuhua 11-1 Development subsea system uses new and emerging dlverless technology in several key areas. These include:A modular seafloor commingling production manifold system for multiple wellsWet-mateable electrical power connectionHorizontal spool trees and associated running toolsRemotely operated vehicle (ROV) intervention packagesOn-site-fabricatm rigid flowline and pipeline connectionsROV-deployed, control-umbilical jumpers and instrument packages Field Development Overview Amoco Orient Petroleum Company (AOPC), partner China Offshore Oil Nanhai East Corporation (CONHE), and partner Kerr-McGee China Petroleum Ltd. are completing the initial development of the Liuhua 11-1 Field. The field is located approximately 120 miles (200 km) southeast of Hong Kong in the South China S- as noted in OTC paper 8172 (Ref. 1). The water depth at the site is approximately 1,020 ft (310m). The primary components of the Liuhua 11-1 Field Development are:Q The semi-submersible floating production system (FPS)The subsea production systemQ The floating production, storage, and offload (FPSO) vessel Three of the primary subprojects of the Liuhua Project were organized to deliver these components. The FPS is permanently-moored over the wells. The FPS, described in OTC paper 8187 (Ref. 2), is a semi-submersible drilling rig. It was converted to support the subsea equipment installation and operations activities, while maintaining its drilling and work over capability. The FPS has seven moonpools:Derrick moonpoolFonvard and atl ROV moonpoolsStarboard and port catenary riser suspension moonpoolsStarboard and port moonpools for installing flowline jumper The Liuhua 11-1 Field development plan calls for 20 to 24 subsea wells and a manifold system, serviced by the FPS. The overall field arrangement is depicted in Fig. 1. Due to heavy oil and low reservoir pressure, the wells are produced using downhole electric submersible pumps (ESPS). Power for these pumps is generated, and controlled the FPS. The power is transmitted to the ESPS via in-water power cable (IWPC) risers suspended in the water column, as described in OTC paper 8177 (Ref. 3). No fluids are produced to the FPS. Produced well fluids are commingled in the subsea manifold system, located below the FPS and pictured with the riser may and well layout in Fig. 2. From the manifold the well fluids then flow into two production pipelines detailed in OTC paper 8189 (Ref. 4). These pipelines, along with a well test line, lead to the turret of the single-point-moored FPSO.

We discuss some basic principles that should be followed when processing the satellite laser ranging (SLR) data in a general relativistic framework. Some existing problems in the various methods of relativistic correction of SLR data are analysed and reviewed, and our own views presented. We also demonstrate that processing SLR data in the solar system barycentric frame is equivalent to processing in the earth-centered frame within the present desired degree of accuracy.

Traumatic injury remains the leading cause of death with bleeding in the world, representing the main cause of preventable death. But if immediate management could be applied, the outcomes will be dramatically improved. Trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) as an early endogenous process in many traumatic patients is driven by the multi-tissue injury and shock, and is associated with increased mortality and bad outcomes in the multi-trauma patients. The understanding of the mechanisms of TIC and its effect on the outcomes of severely injured patients has been developed over the past few years. Here, we aim to review the current understanding and recent findings in the pathobiology of coagulopathy. The principal causes of TIC are hypoperfusion, inflammation response and the activation of the neurohumoral system. Hypoperfusion causes the activation of many biomarkers, like protein C, syndecan-1, plasminogen, and so on. The elevation of these markers indicates the damage of the endothelium, which will lead to autoheparinization in body. When accompanied with acidosis, hypothermia, and hemodilution, the mortality of trauma patients will rise significantly. This article aims to focus on our updated acknowledges on the principal mechanisms and causes of the TIC.

The energy method to obtain maximum dry density of rockfill is proposed by using on-site paving vibration rolling test data. Based on the principle of common vibration, the compaction energy of coarse-grained materials caused by vibration roller is calculated in order to build up the relationship of compaction energy and measured density. The method is applied in Shuibaya project which found that the relationship is closed to hyperbolic function, and then the relative density of coarse-grained materials is obtained which provides the basis for the relative density of coarse aggregate as the dam design and quality control indicator.

Background It has been demonstrated that acute oral administration of schisandrin B (Sch B), an active dibenzocyclooctadiene isolated from Schisandrae Fructus (a commonly used traditional Chinese herb), increased serum and hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels and hepatic mass in mice. The present study aimed to investigate the biochemical mechanism underlying the Sch B-induced hypertriglyceridemia, hepatic steatosis and hepatomegaly. Methods Male ICR mice were given a single oral dose of Sch B (0.25–2 g/kg). Sch B-induced changes in serum levels of biomarkers, such as TG, total cholesterol (TC), apolipoprotein B48 (ApoB 48), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and hepatic growth factor (HGF), as well as hepatic lipids and mass, epididymal adipose tissue (EAT) and adipocyte size, and histological changes of the liver and EAT were examined over a period of 12–120 h after Sch B treatment. Results Serum and hepatic TG levels were increased by 1.0–4.3 fold and 40–158% at 12–72 h and 12–96 h, respectively, after Sch B administration. Sch B treatment elevated serum ApoB 48 level (up to 12%), a marker of exogenous TG, but not VLDL, as compared with the vehicle treatment. Treatment with Sch B caused a time-/dose-dependent reduction in EAT index (up to 39%) and adipocyte size (up to 67%) and elevation in serum NEFA level (up to 55%). Sch B treatment induced hepatic steatosis in a time-/dose-dependent manner, as indicated by increases in total vacuole area (up to 3.2 fold vs. the vehicle control) and lipid positive staining area (up to 17.5 × 103 μm2) in liver tissue. Hepatic index and serum HGF levels were increased by 18–60% and 42–71% at 12–120 h and 24–72 h post-Sch B dosing, respectively. In addition, ultrastructural changes, such as increase in size and disruption of cristae, in hepatic mitochondria were observed in Sch B-treated mice. Conclusion Our findings suggest that exogenous sources of TG and the breakdown of fat storage in the body contribute to Sch B-induced hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis in mice. Hepatomegaly (a probable hepatotoxic action) caused by Sch B may result from the fat accumulation and mitochondrial damage in liver tissue.