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Background Human alveolar echinococcosis (HAE), caused by the larvae of Echinococcus multilocularis, is a severe parasitic disease that is a major public health concern. New HAE cases in China account for 91% of the global HAE burden every year. Although there are a few studies and systematic reviews (SRs) on the prevalence of HAE in China, trends in the prevalence have not been estimated. This study aims to describe the overall variation in the trend of HAE prevalence in China, and provide evidence for preventive measures in the future. Methods Thirty-five eligible studies were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP, and included in the SR and meta-analysis. An adjusted Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality checklist was used to evaluate study quality. The arcsine transformation was used to adjust the individual reported prevalence, and the pooled HAE prevalence was calculated. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the chi-square test and I2 statistic. Forest plots were generated for the meta-analysis, and publication bias of the studies was assessed using the Egger’s test and funnel plots. We conducted subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and meta-regression analyses to analyze the source of heterogeneity and factors potentially influencing the prevalence of HAE. Results The meta-analysis indicated that the pooled HAE prevalence in China was 0.96% (95% CI: 0.71 to 1.25%). Factors potentially influencing HAE prevalence were female sex (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.35 to 1.91, PPP2 = 38.11%, P Conclusions HAE prevalence has decreased over time and maintained low levels after 2005 in China. This decline was influenced by the utilization of One Health strategies as intervention measures. Therefore, these One Health strategies should be used as references to formulate future programs for HAE control. More high-quality epidemiological investigations and surveillance programs should be conducted in order to improve HAE control in the future.

We describe a successful simple, hitherto not described but may have been performed somewhere in the world a nephroscopic technique for the treatment of pancreatic pseudocyst (PP) in urgent or high-risk cases. Endoscopic drainage is recognized as preferred management for patients with PP. However, external drainage ought to be a valuable management in exceptional cases. Nephroscopic management is a minimally invasive approach (MIA) commonly conducted in patient with acute infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) after percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD). It is frequently operated in our institution. We present a case of large infected PP in an 81-year Chinese woman successfully treated by nephroscopic drainage management after urgent PCD. However, it is considered a technically specialized procedure and often requires rich experience.

Objective: This paper studied the diagnostic value of FibroScan (FS) for the degree of liver fibrosis in patients with ALT

Metastatic fibrohistiocytic tumor of the gallbladder is an exceedingly rare entity that may lead to hemobilia or even hypovolemic shock. Its clinical course presents with acute or chronic upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. Emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed prior to progression to life-threatening shock. Herein, we report a 47-year-old female presenting with poorly controlled anemia, melena, and fatigue over a half-year period. After surgical and postoperative pathological analysis, she was finally diagnosed as a lymph node hemorrhage associated with intraluminal metastatic fibrohistiocytic tumor of the gallbladder.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the main cause of lower respiratory tract infection in children. However, there is no effective treatment for RSV infection. Here, we aimed to identify potential biomarkers to aid in the treatment of RSV infection. Children in the acute and convalescence phases of RSV infection were recruited and proteomic analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Subsequently, promising candidate proteins were determined by functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction network analysis, and underwent further validation by western blot both in clinical and mouse model samples. Among the 79 DEPs identified in RSV patient samples, 4 proteins (BPGM, TPI1, PRDX2, and CFL1) were confirmed to be significantly upregulated during RSV infection. Functional analysis showed that BPGM and TPI1 were mainly involved in glycolysis, indicating an association between RSV infection and the glycolysis metabolic pathway. Our findings provide insights into the proteomic profile during RSV infection and indicated that BPGM, TPI1, PRDX2, and CFL1 may be potential therapeutic biomarkers or targets for the treatment of RSV infection.

Introduction: Cystic echinococcosis, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is a neglected zoonosis that affects humans and livestock. This sero-survey was designed for the first time in Pakistan to assess the exposure of butchers to E. granulosus as there was no previous report in the country for this occupational group. Methodology: Blood samples were collected from registered butchers (n = 364) in five different slaughterhouses in Faisalabad and Bahawalnagar Districts. Sera were tested for anti-Echinococcus granulosus IgG with a commercially available ELISA kit (specificity, 100%; sensitivity, 97%). Results: Overall, seroprevalence was 9.61% (35/364). Butchers >30 years of age (10.34%), those involved in small ruminants butchery (11.70%), >10 years’ experience (10.04%), formal education level up to middle standard (10.28%), contact with dogs (12.71%), improper/unhygienic disposal of dog feces (11.87%), and those unaware of the consequences of eating with unwashed hands (13.80%) were more seropositive with significant statistical differences (p < 0.05). Variables like previous cyst encounter, no knowledge of zoonoses and/or cystic echinococcosis, living in rural areas and the presence of stray/feral dogs in surroundings did not show any significant association (p > 0.05) with seroprevalence in butchers. The binary logistic regression model also showed a statistically significant relationship (p < 0.05) for all risk factors found statistically significant (p < 0.05) in the univariate analysis. Conclusions: This study shows high prevalence of cystic echinococcosis among butchers in Pakistan and underscores the need for educating native slaughterhouse personnel on cystic echinococcosis. It also serves as a global warning, especially in developing countries.

Background: To study the endoscopic trans-lateral molar (ETLM) approach to infratemporal fossa (ITF) lesions and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of this method. Methods: Four cases of ITF lesions were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical features, diagnosis and treatments, the operative process, and clinical applications of this surgical approach were discussed. Results: Postoperative pathologies were 2 pleomorphic adenomas, 1 schwannoma, and 1 inflammatory lesion. All patients had self-resolving cheek swelling and pharyngalgia in the short term, but 2 patients had numbness in the long term. There was no infection or bleeding in the postoperative period, and no difficulty in chewing after disease recovery. There was no tumor recurrence during the follow-up period. Conclusion: The ETLM approach is convenient, minimally invasive, and allows complete excision of benign ITF lesions, posterior to the lateral pterygoid muscle and mainly below the level of the hard palate. It is a simple and direct access to the ITF, but it is a narrow access because of the limitations of bones and soft tissues. Appropriate patient selection is mandatory for successful surgery.

Effects of parameters including temperature, time and coal ratio on the reduction behaviour of preheated iron-bearing converter sludge pellets in a simulated rotary kiln are studied through orthogonal tests. ANOVA analyses show that reduction time and temperature have remarkable influence on the metallisation degree, occupying 55.02 and 30.08% of the total contribution, while temperature is the most significant factor affecting the compressive strength, with 90.98% contribution. The metallisation degree increases with the increasing time from 1.5 to 2.5 h, and first increases and then decreases with the increasing temperature from 1000 to 1100°C. The compressive strength increases with the increasing temperature. Under the optimal condition of temperature 1050°C, time 2.5 h, coal ratio 1.3, the metallisation degree is 72.92%, and the compressive strength is 1310 N/p, which satisfies the requirement of iron burden for blast furnace.

The accumulator is a passive safety injection device for emergency core cooling systems. As an important safety feature for providing a high-speed injection flow to the core by compressed nitrogen gas pressure during a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA), the accumulator injects its precharged nitrogen into the system after its coolant has been emptied. Attention has been drawn to the possible negative effects caused by such a nitrogen injection in passive safety nuclear power plants. Although some experimental work on the nitrogen injection has been done, there have been no comparative tests in which the effects on the system responses and the core safety have been clearly assessed. In this study, a new thermal hydraulic integral test facility—the advanced core-cooling mechanism experiment (ACME)—was designed and constructed to support the CAP1400 safety review. The ACME test facility was used to study the nitrogen injection effects on the system responses to the small break loss-of-coolant accident LOCA (SBLOCA) transient. Two comparison test groups—a 2-inch cold leg break and a double-ended direct-vessel-injection (DEDVI) line break—were conducted. Each group consists of a nitrogen injection test and a nitrogen isolation comparison test with the same break conditions. To assess the nitrogen injection effects, the experimental data that are representative of the system responses and the core safety were compared and analyzed. The results of the comparison show that the effects of nitrogen injection on system responses and core safety are significantly different between the 2-inch and DEDVI breaks. The mechanisms of the different effects on the transient were also investigated. The amount of nitrogen injected, along with its heat absorption, was likewise evaluated in order to assess its effect on the system depressurization process. The results of the comparison and analyses in this study are important for recognizing and understanding the potential negative effects on the passive core cooling performance caused by nitrogen injection during the SBLOCA transient.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a worldwide zoonosis, is highly prevalent in Africa particularly in northern and eastern Africa where data are more abundant than other regions. However, harmonization of available data through systematic review and meta-analysis may foster improved transboundary cooperation for the control of CE in Africa. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines, research articles (from 2000 to 2019) were retrieved from ScienceDirect, PubMed, African Journals OnLine and Google Scholar databases. A total of 98 studies of 806,624 animals from 13 countries comprising 264,016 goats, 247,326 sheep, 251,106 cattle, 28,314 camels, 4,764 buffaloes, 2,920 equids, 1,966 pigs, 408 wild boars and 50 Norway rats were available for systematic review and meta-analysis of pooled prevalence including 5,048 dogs, 345 lions, 220 hyenas, 94 wolves and 47 jackals/foxes analysed for Echinococcus infection. In total, 46,869 animals were infected and pooled prevalence of CE in intermediate hosts was highest in camels (17.1%; 95% CI: 12.1-22.8) and lowest in pigs (0.3%; 95% CI: 0.1-0.6). Results also showed uneven species/genotype distribution across the continent such that Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (G1, G3) constituted 74.45% of the total isolates from East Africa, E. canadensis (G6/7) accounted for 60.3% and 97.4% in North and West Africa, respectively, while 81.3% of E. ortleppi (G5) were recorded for southern Africa. The comparatively higher prevalence estimates for eastern and northern Africa than other regions indicate where efforts on CE management should now be given greater attention in Africa. Additionally, this study also advocates for better cooperation between countries within the same sub-region and the establishment of joint CE control programmes.

Background Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonosis caused by cestodes of Echinococcus granulosus (sensu lato) complex. In Nigeria, reports on the prevalence of CE, although limited, have been found to vary with location and host with higher prevalence and fertility rate observed in camels than other livestock. Until now, information regarding the molecular characteristics, genetic population structure, and genotypes of Echinococcus is lacking. Therefore, this study was aimed at addressing these gaps in knowledge. Methods We describe the genetic status of 31 Echinococcus isolates collected from slaughtered livestock (camels, cattle and goats) based on the full-length mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) genes. Results The resulting nucleotide sequences via the NCBI BLAST algorithm and Bayesian phylogeny of cox1 and cox1–nad1 genes using MrBayes v.3.1.2 showed that all isolates were clearly E. canadensis (G6/G7) and were 99–100% identical to previously reported G6/G7 haplotypes across Europe, Asia, North and East Africa. Conclusions Although, the G1 genotype is believed to be responsible for the majority of global CE burden, reports from a number of West African countries including Nigeria suggest that E. canadensis G6/G7 genotype could be the major causative agent of CE in the subregion. This study provides for the first time insight into the genetic population structure of Echinococcus species as well as implications for CE control in Nigeria. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3644-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) often suffer tough complications, some of which are fatal. The early diagnosis and definite treatment of central nervous system (CNS) complications have not been fully achieved yet, which seriously affects the mortality of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). We present a case of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) in a 62-year Chinese man who developed acute herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) after favorable minimally invasive retroperitoneal approaches (MIRAs). The patient was successfully treated with 115 days stayed in our hospital. The MIRAs included image-guided retroperitoneal percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD), nephroscopic pancreatic necrosectomy (NPN), and ultrasonic pneumatic lithotripsy system (UPLS) assisted non-narcotic sinus track necrosectomy (NSN). HSE is relatively rare and potentially life threatening. We attempt to discuss the probable risk factors and how the relatively rare HSE are related to the patients of SAP with latent HSV.

Aspirin is increasingly used to prevent platelet aggregation; however, hypersensitivity to aspirin is a high-risk of life-threatening complication. Our patient was a 52 year old male who underwent emergent splenectomy because of accidental splenic rupture and developed a severe anaphylactic reaction approximately one minute after oral aspirin ingestion to perform anti-platelet sharply rise, in accordance with the medical care during postoperative period. Acute rescue measures included intubation and large dose of dexamethasone administration. His blood pressure and SaO 2 were maintained and supported by intravenous fluids and vasoactive drugs, and he was transferred to our intensive care unit. His condition normalized and stabilized one hour after rescue and extubated then discharged uneventfully a week later. Management of aspirin and awareness of adverse effects are both very important. We propose that the timely rescue underlying aspirin allergy may be requirement of proper medical care based on the unique presentation of the patient. Emergency physicians and nurses should be prepared to rescue patients at potential risk of anaphylactic shock.

The incidence of hernia is increased in patients with hepatic cirrhosis with ascites. But inguinal hernia with ascites is considered as surgical contraindication. Because there are many complications after surgery, such as hernia recurrence, feeling of swell in reparative area, incision fluid effusion. We report an 85 year-old Chinese male who presented to the emergency department with incarcerated inguinal hernia 9 hours. An urgent preperitoneal hernia repair by Hernia Sac Top pathway was performed. The surgery was successful and there were no complications occurred after the patient followed up 16 months. The novel approach was reliable and valuable. The report of the new approach should be encouraged.

Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH), even abdominal compartment syndrome, resulting from major stem portal venous thrombosis (MSPVT) postoperatively can lead to acute kidney failure (AKF). However, few physicians consider this clinical presentation, which is rarely reported in the literature. IAH often induces a few obvious clinical presentations, such as oliguria, anuria, and abdominal distension, etc., even in cases with normal liver function. Many doctors consider that AKF is due to hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), while postoperative development of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) may be another important factor inducing AKF, which appears to have been ignored in recent years. In fact, devascularization surgery and/or shunt placement for treatment of portal hypertension are known to easily induce PVT, especially during devascularization procedures because of the rapid accumulation of platelets. In addition, the risk of hypercoagulability increases because of the use of hemostatic agents. Also, PVT may lead to gastro-intestinal congestion and tissue edema, which can contribute to the development of IAH. Abdominal distension became very obvious because collateral circulation could not be restored in time due to MSPVT after ligamentectomy surrounding the liver. Thus, it was difficult to arrive at a diagnosis of PVT at an earlier stage by B-type ultrasound and/or measurement of D-dimer levels. To achieve an early diagnosis, it is very important to actively incorporate the methods mentioned above. However, these methods are not recommended unless the diagnosis of HRS is definitive. The effective treatment is to administer anticoagulants, such as low-molecular-weight heparin, and to discontinue hemostatic agents in time. AKF will not benefit from Terlipressin if HRS was not considered as the major cause of AKF, especially in cases of IAH. It is well known that peritoneal dialysis and/or hemodialysis should be adopted to sustain kidney function postoperatively .

Taenia hydatigena is a cestode of veterinary importance. Infection with the metacestode larval stage results in cysticercosis, which poses a serious challenge to the livestock industry worldwide. Globally, there are numerous reports on cysticercosis caused by T. hydatigena in sheep and goat but a lack of data on the prevalence and genetic diversity exists for Pakistan. We designed this study to provide an insight into the disease status as well as investigate the genetic variation among the recovered isolates based on the mitochondrial cox1 gene. In this study, we examined small ruminants (sheep and goats) slaughtered in Faisalabad in eastern Punjab province of Pakistan for T. hydatigena metacestodes and described the population structure and genetic variation using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) mitochondrial gene. Overall, a prevalence of 4.40% (goat =4.67% sheep = 4.07%) from a total of 2225 small ruminant carcasses (sheep = 983, goats = 1242) was observed. Based on the NCBI BLAST search and Bayesian phylogeny, the identity of all isolates was confirmed via their nucleotide sequences. The diversity indices indicated a high haplotype and a low nucleotide diversity with 43 haplotypes from 98 isolates. The results also show the existence of unique haplotypes of T. hydatigena in Pakistan as demonstrated by the significant negative values of Tajima's D and Fu's Fs neutrality test suggesting a recent population expansion. The median-joining network of the partial cox1 sequence dataset showed the existence of two main haplotypes detected in both sheep and goat populations. This study shows that the prevalence of cycticercosis due to T. hydatigena is below 5% in sheep and goats in Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. The molecular analysis of the partial cox1 gene also indicates a high degree of genetic variation with the existence of rare haplotypes. These findings represent a preliminary report on the prevalence and genetic variation of T. hydatigena in Pakistan and serve as baseline information for future studies on the prevalence and population structure of T. hydatigena in the country.

Background: Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is difficult to manage despite the availability of different endoscopic techniques. The most beneficial protocol remains unclear. Objective: To explore the efficiency and safety of a combination of laparoscopy and nephroscopy in single-stage necrosectomy for the treatment of SAP. Methods: A 57-year-old woman with SAP underwent microinvasive surgery (combination of laparoscopy and nephroscopy for first necrosectomy) along with dual-catheter drainage. Results: The patient recovered uneventfully. She was followed up for 5 months. No surgery-related complications or other adverse events occurred. She was living a functional life at the time of this writing. Conclusion: The combination of laparoscopy and nephroscopy is accessible and safe for single-stage surgical treatment of conditions involving the abdomen and retroperitoneum. This technique reduces healthcare costs and shortens the hospital stay. It is a clinically valuable technique for surgeons to learn.

Merging units used in intelligent substation presented a considerable high field failure rate. To reveal the potential defects, highly accelerated life test was studied to solve the problem. The possible reasons for the poor reliability were discussed. Based on the main field failure mechanisms of the merging units, combined with the application environment and work profile, a modified highly accelerated life test for merging units was established. Through analysis to the test results, the modified test proved effective to expose the potential defects. An acceptance evaluation method based on highly accelerated life test was put forward. The method could reject more defective products into use and thus reduce more economic loss.

Objective: To describe and evaluate the clinical value of preperitoneal tensionfree repair of inguinal hernias combined with ascites via the hernia sac top (HST) pathway. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of seven patients with inguinal hernia combined with ascites who underwent preperitoneal tension-free repair via the HST pathway from January 2010 to November 2013. An abdominal drainage tube was placed in the pelvic cavity intraoperatively and a negative pressure suction device was positioned under the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscles postoperatively. Results: The ascites of all patients were effectively controlled perioperatively. Surgery via the HST pathway was successful in all patients. The mean surgical duration was about 60 min. There were no obvious postoperative complications, such as scrotum hematoma, seroma, bulging of the repaired area, severe pain, or hernia recurrence. This method also resulted in less scar formation, which helps to maintain tissue softness. All patients were satisfied with treatment. Conclusion: Preperitoneal tension-free repair of inguinal hernia combined with ascites via the HST pathway was effective and maintained the integrity of the ventral transverse fascia. The HST pathway is a reliable choice for repair of inguinal hernia accompanied by ascites. Mini-Abstract: Our purpose is to describe and evaluate the clinical value of preperitoneal tension-free repair of inguinal hernias combined with ascites via hernia-roof/hernia sac top (HST) pathway. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of seven patients with inguinal hernia combined with ascites who underwent the new procedure. An abdominal drainage tube was placed in the pelvic cavity intraoperatively and a negative pressure suction device was positioned under the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscles postoperatively. Surgery was successful in all patients. All patients were satisfied with treatment and none experienced recurrence.

Congenital choledochal cyst combined acute obstructive superlative cholangitis (AOSC) is quite seldom during pregnancy, but will push both pregnant women and fetal into life-threatening risk. A pregnant woman with acute infected choledochal cyst suffered persistent abdominal pain and associated serious infectious shock, which was successfully rescued and managed preoperatively by sonoguided percutaneous trans-hepatic choledochal cyst drainage (PTHCCD), is reported here. The use of this technique in the optimize treatment for pregnant women such as this case is proposed.

Background: Groin chronic pain after herniorrhaphy remains unclear partly related to undesired dithermy or missuture of groin nerves. How to prevent that is becoming a pressing issue. Objective: To analysis potential causes of neuro-origin pain after surgery and to describe an improved technology via hernia-roof/hernia sac top (HST) approach in avoidance of excessive unessential procedures against nerve injury accidently. Methods: To describe the detailed procedures, and evaluate value of protection of nerve. Results: HST approach reduces potential of chronic pain as expected. Conclusion: HST was proved to be accessible and convenient way to reduce groin chronic neuro-origin pain during surgery.

Occult breast cancer (OBC) is a unique type of breast cancer that initially presents with metastasis to the axillary lymph nodes or other metastatic carcinoma, while no breast mass is palpable by finger examination and simultaneously undetectable by usual radiography. The morbidity of OBC is quite low, less than 1% among all types of breast cancers. However, OBC has only been described in case reports and retrospective studies with small samples. Hence, there is no consensus on a therapy due to lack of high quality randomized clinical trials. The aim of the present study was to review the literature from China and the PubMed/Medline database published prior to July, 2015. Key findings in the diagnosis and therapy of OBC are discussed and reviewed.

Ascitic hernia is still a thorny task but sometimes it may severely influence patients to live a simple but quality or functional life. Herein, we discuss regarding a 37-year-old man with a basketball like indirect inguinal ascitic hernia who was bedridden due to large volume of cirrhotic ascites. All conservative therapies seemed to be only little efficient, only surgery could save him. Based on our past decade's successful experience, where we used to apply an improved technique (Hernia-Roof/Hernia-Sac-Top (HST) approach) to solve scrotum ascitic hernia, aiming to strengthen resistant degree of groin area with little damage to its natural structure. Our technique has been confirmed a practical method in China, and reported in many Chinese version of journals. The technique has three advantages below: 1) Ascites was preoperatively managed to ensure the incision wound. 2) The hernia orifice was entirely exposed and closed with suture completely for the first time. The hernia sac itself, the lower mesh and the orifice-closed were fixed together via 3-D skills. The patient stood up again like a true man. Now he has been followed up in outpatient doctor's office since 10 years, No complications were found. After that, more cases including emergency cases were successfully performed. It is inspiring and has educational value for both patients and surgeons.

Based on complex body parts structure, the characteristics of batch processing and high accuracy requirement, in order to improve the efficiency of its alignment, put forward about the case accessories are the method of study the origin. During the study, in order to type boring and milling machining center for processing platform, build online detecting system for the body parts. By mathematical modeling and knowledge of analytic geometry, the rotary table any position of body parts in machining center is to find the origin, and determine the size of the work-piece origin of coordinates and the deflection angle. Checked by practice, this method is suitable for composite boring and milling machining center mass production of body parts in work, improve the efficiency of the box body parts processing precision and alignment.

In this paper, Q450 pellet molding machine with plunger-roller ring die has been designed by employing the CAD/CAE system, Solidworks, and the load conditions of three molding assemblies fixed inside have also been studied. Then a method of FEA was conducted to research the mechanical properties of enclosure assembly for this pellet molding machine in Simulation, which is a FEA module of Solidworks. As a analysis result, the maximum stress and displacement of enclosure bodies are separately 31.37Mpa and 7.583e-2mm, that convincingly verifies enclosure assembly has reliable strength and stiffness, which ensures that Q450 pellet molding machine has enough reliability and security.

A lightweight design method is presented which depends on Finite Element Method (FEM).The goal of auto parts` lightweight design is realized based on results of mechanical calculation meanwhile combining experimental results from FEM. As an application of this method, a light truck`s rear axle housing is re-designed and related standards are satisfied. This method is of important science value and guidance meaning in many engineering fields besides in auto industry on the basis of improvement as well as rational application.

According to the special structure of DCT, the control strategy of launch with two clutches has been proposed to share the friction work and extend the life of both clutches. The dynamic model of launch with two clutches and the clutch control model have been built. the control strategies of both clutches have been proposed respectively according to the requirement of the different driver intention and the limitation of the impact of vehicle. The simulation model of launch with two clutches has been built using the Matlab/Simulink platform, and the simulation has been carried out. The Simulation results show that the balance of friction work based on this launch strategy with two clutches has been validated.

Scramjet is crucial to develop hypersonic technology. The hypersonic vehicles with scramjet as power de- vice are of much significance for national defense security and space transportation. In this paper, the requirements for thermal protection materials of scramjet were analyzed and current status of the application of C/SiC composites in scramjet was reviewed. At last, the development proposals and key problems needed to be solved for C/SiC compos

This paper proposes a portable control module based on TMS320C6748 and FPGA. We take advantage of the rich interface resources of TMS320C6748, including LCD/DDR2/Ethernet/ EMIF/uPP etc. And we also use FPGA plus the PCI bridge chip, UART transceiver and CAN transceiver to realize the system control module. This control module includes interactive module, memory module and communication module. The control module has the characteristics of low power consumption, high reliability and low cost. It can replace the general-purpose CPU board in the field of portable test and meet the resources and performance requirements. So it has great application value.

The Advanced Core cooling Mechanism Experiment (ACME) facility is a 1/3 height scale, high pressure, 1/54.3 power scale and 1/94 volume scale simulation of CAP1400 PWR. A series of twenty-one small break loss of coolant accident (SBLOCA) tests were performed at ACME to collect thermal-hydraulic data for computer code assessment and to support the license of CAP1400. The tests included a range of hot-leg or cold-leg break, double ended direct vessel injection (DEDVI) line break, inadvertent ADS actuation and double ended pressure balance line (PBL) break accidents. The purpose of this paper is to describe the test data of the typical SBLOCA, and to analyze the mixing of liquid in Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) downcomer. Furthermore, the trend of RPV downcomer temperature and the temperature distribution in RPV downcomer are investigated.

Background: Cystic lesions of the pancreas are common and increasingly detected in Grade A hospitals. Majority of patients have accepted the limited local surgery due to a low risk for developing a malignancy. However, duodenal obstruction contributed to duodenum ischemia origin postoperatively is quite rare and difficult to treat. Objective: The potential causes of duodenal obstruction after surgery were analysised, and value of pharmacological treatments including Erythromycin was emphasized. Results: The upper digestive tract contrast radiography (UDCR) and enhanced-CT scan of abdomen revealed a narrow luminal cavity of duodenum especially its third part, and a remarkable thickened wall. The presentations removed completely after pharmacological treatments. No any complications including tumor recurrence and intestinal obstruction were found after 3-year follow-up. Conclusions: Erythromycin and Procaine allow for the therapy of ischemic duodenal obstruction.