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Background The question whether pelvic radiotherapy increases the risk of secondary bladder cancer remains unclear. In this review, we aimed to demonstrate the relationship between exposure to radiation therapy for pelvic malignancies and subsequent second primary bladder cancer risk. Methods We systematically searched Medline, Embase and Web of Science for all associated studies concerning secondary bladder cancer risk and radiotherapy for primary pelvic cancers up to 15 th December 2019. We extracted related study characteristics and outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Outcomes were synthesized with random effect models and Manhtel-Haenszel weighting. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Meta-analysis of Observational studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines were used for reporting this systematic review and meta-analysis. We use GRADE system to assess the quality of main outcome. Results We identified 3958 references after literature searching and eventually 19 studies were selected for meta-analysis. Most studies were cohort studies with moderate risk of bias. Compared with patients treated without radiotherapy, our results showed an increased risk of secondary bladder cancer after radiotherapy for pelvic malignancies (RR 1.75,95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.50-2.05) with moderate quality of evidence. Similar results were also found in organ-specific analysis of radiation therapy for testicular cancer(RR 2.25,95% CI 1.34-3.78),uterine cancer(RR 2.52,95%CI 1.12-5.67) and prostate cancer(RR 1.64 95%CI 1.39-1.93).Although a varied definitions of latency periods used in different studies, the results showed a consistently increased risk of bladder cancer in all analyzed latency periods, and lag time over 10 years ranked as the highest relative risk(RR 2.98,95%CI 1.88-4.71). When compared with no radiotherapy, EBRT and Any RT significantly increased the risk of second primary bladder cancer (RR 2.08,95%CI 1.67-2.61 and RR 1.77,95%CI 1.49-2.10), but not for BT group (RR 1.58,95%CI 0.98-2.55). Conclusion In conclusion, pelvic radiotherapy was associated with higher relative risk of secondary bladder cancer compared with those without radiotherapy. These findings may help outpatient counseling and early detection of secondary cancer after diagnosis and treatment of first primary cancer. Keywords: Secondary Bladder cancer, Pelvic malignancies, Radiotherapy, Meta-analysis

The evidence for associations between family history of prostate cancer and the risk of breast cancer and ovarian cancer is inconclusive. The first systematic review and meta-analysis of studies was conducted to assess the risk of breast cancer and ovarian cancer associated with a family history of prostate cancer.A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase and Web of science databases up to January 31, 2019. Data were screened and extracted independently by 2 reviewers. The pooled risk ratio (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using random-effects models. The GRADE approach was used to assess the quality of evidence.Nine observational studies including 8,011,625 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that family history of prostate cancer in first-degree relatives was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (RR 1.12, 95%CI 1.09 to 1.14) with moderate quality evidence, subgroup analysis showed consistent results. Compared with no family history of prostate cancer, history of prostate cancer in first-degree relatives was associated with a slight risk of ovarian cancer (1.10, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.20) with moderate quality evidence. Family history of prostate cancer among sibling was associated with a 17% increased risk of ovarian cancer (95% CI 1.03 to 1.34), however, no significant association was found between family history of prostate cancer among parent and risk of ovarian cancer (RR 1.19, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.70).This review demonstrates that women with a family history of prostate cancer in first-degree relatives was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer and ovarian cancer. These findings may aid in screening, earlier detection and treatment of women with a family history of prostate cancer in first-degree relatives.

Background: Renal cyst is prevailing around the world and symptomatic renal cysts are recommended to be treated in the EUA guidelines. Currently, aspiration-sclerotherapy (AS) and laparoscopic de-roofing (LD) are the main therapies of symptomatic renal cysts. This article aims to compare the clinical efficiency between them in the management of renal cysts through meta-analysis of comparative studies. Method: A comprehensive literature search was performed by PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library to ascertain the relevant studies published up to March 2019. Articles with English full-text comparing aspiration-sclerotherapy and laparoscopic de-roofing in renal cyst treatment were included. Results: Our searches of literature generated 6 studies (1547 patients incorporated) comparing AS with LD in the impacts of renal cyst therapy. Of these, 6 studies contained 1106 and 441 patients who were treated with AS and LD, respectively. The outcome of this meta-analysis indicated that although AS group had shorter treatment time (MD：-51.10; 95% CI：-73.01 to -29.20; p

Background: Although previous studies have compared the minimally invasive simple prostatectomy (MISP) with open simple prostatectomy (OSP) for large prostates, there is still controversy....