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The aim of the study is to study the gender-age aspects of the incidence according to the materials of the Republican Oncologic Dispensary.Methods. For the observation period from 2010 to 2017 the incidence of lung cancer in men is more common – in some cities from 2 to 7 times in different age groups.Results. For the first time, lung cancer in men and women is mainly recorded in the age group of 30 – 39 years. In other age groups, no clear gender-age dependence has been identified, in addition to the upward trend in morbidity rates in persons over 40 years.Conclusion. It was found that the reduction of emissions of different groups of carcinogens in the air in Ufa and Sterlitamak led to a decrease in the incidence of respectively 9.72 and 31.17%, and an increase in emissions in Salavat and Oktyabrsky increased by 6.53 and 18.33%.

Aim. To study the dynamics of lung cancer (LC) morbidity among the population of five cities of the Republic of Bashkortostan over the period from 2010 to 2016 and the structure of industrial emissions for grounding of adequate integral index, connected with LC morbidity and development of preventive measures to decrease malignant neoplasms. Materials and methods. The structure of gross emissions of industrial enterprises and ecologohygienic assessment of atmospheric air was conducted according to the materials of the Department of Rospotrebnadzor in Bashkortostan for 2010-2016. Lung cancer morbidity in the above mentioned territories was studied by the materials of Republican Clinical Oncological Dispensary. To estimate the influence of gross emissions on LC morbidity, modeling technique, adequate to panel analysis of spatially dynamic structural data, was applied. Results. The assessment of carcinogenic risk of atmospheric air emissions, taking into account not separate carcinogens, but their combined effect as substances with similarly directed impact, detected accurate correlation of dependence of high LC morbidity on the resultant carcinogens action. Conclusions. High LC morbidity in the cities of Bashkortostan is connected with high gross emission of carcinogens into the atmospheric air. Information on gross emissions of carcinogens and their structure can serve as an integral criterion of atmospheric pollution impact on lung cancer morbidity.

In the paper there is presented a review of foreign and literature data, documented in electronic search system PubMed regarding epidemiology, early and prenosological diagnosis, carcinogenic factors for development of malignant respiratory neoplasms, lung cancer.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory system that affects primarily distal respiratory pathways and lung parenchyma. Smoking tobacco is a major risk factor for COPD. The relationship of HTR4 (rs3995090), HTR2A (rs6313), GRIK5 (rs8099939), GRIN2B (rs2268132), and CHRNB4 (rs1948) gene polymorphisms and COPD, as well as the contribution of these polymorphisms to the variations in quantitative characteristics that describe respiratory function, smoking behavior, and nicotine dependence was assessed in an ethnically homogeneous Tatar population. The polymorphisms of HTR2A (rs6313) (P = 0.026, OR = 1.42 for the CC genotype) and GRIN2B (rs2268132) (P = 0.0001, OR = 2.39 for the TT genotype) were significantly associated with increased risk of COPD. The AA genotype of GRIK5 (rs8099939) had a protective effect (P = 0.02, OR = 0.61). Importantly, the HTR2A (rs6313), GRIN2B (rs2268132), and GRIK5 (rs8099939) polymorphisms were only associated with COPD in smokers. Smoking index (pack-years) was significantly higher in carriers of the GRIK5 genotype AC (rs8099939) (P = 0.0027). The TT genotype of GRIN2B (rs2268132) was associated with COPD in subjects with high nicotine dependence according to the Fagerstrom test (P = 0.002, OR = 2.98). The TT genotype of HTR2A (rs6313) was associated with a reduced risk of the disease in the group with moderate nicotine dependence (P = 0.02, OR = 0.22). The CC genotype of HTR2A (rs6313) and the TT genotype of GRIN2B (rs2268132) were associated with higher levels of nicotine dependence according to the Fagerstrom test (P = 0.0011 and P = 0.037). Our results may provide insight into potential molecular mechanisms that involve the glutamate (GRIK5, GRIN2B) and serotonin (HTR2A) receptor genes in the pathogenesis of COPD.