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The effects of goal-directed fluid therapy, with lactated Ringer's (LR) and 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solution, on hemorrhagic shock dogs are unknown. We aimed to determine the optimal LR: HES ratio for the resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock dogs. Hemorrhagic shock was induced in 40 ventilated dogs by drawing an estimated 60% blood volume. The animals were randomly divided into five groups (N = 8) according to the LR: HES ratio of the resuscitation fluid (3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3), and were then resuscitated for 24 h to reach the stroke volume variation (SVV) and hemoglobin (Hb) goals by fluid infusion and autologous blood perfusion. The extravascular lung water index (EVLWI), pH, partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), base excess (BE), sodium, chloride, Hb and creatinine clearance (Clearcrea) were checked after 24 h (R24). The EVLWI of the 3:1 group at R24 were higher than that of the 1:3 group and the baseline value (P0.05), whereas the PaO2 was lower (P0.05). In contrast to the 3:1 group at R24 and baseline, plasma chloride and sodium in the 1:3 and 1:2 groups increased; however, pH, BE, and Clearcrea decreased (P0.05). No significant differences were found in the 1:1 and 2:1 groups at R24 compared with baseline (P0.05). Resuscitation with LR and HES at 2:1 and 1:1 ratios are superior in maintaining the acid-base, electrolyte, and lung water balances as well as renal function in hemorrhagic shock dogs than at ratios of 3:l, 1:2, and1:3.

To investigate the value and essentiality of 6- and 24-h delay hepatobiliary scintigraphy in the differential diagnosis of biliary atresia (BA), we retrospectively analyzed 197 infants (121 boys/76 girls; age range, 3-205 days; average age, 63.9 days) admitted to Jiangxi Children's Hospital for persistent jaundice (> 2 weeks), hepatosplenomegaly, and abnormal liver function. After receiving anti-inflammatory treatment and cholagogic pre-treatment for 7-10 days without a clear diagnosis, the children underwent 99mTc-labeled diethylacetanilide-iminodiacetic acid hepatobiliary scintigraphy. BA and infant hepatitis syndrome were diagnosed in 107 and 90 infants, respectively after laparoscopic cholangiography, surgical pathology, or 6-month clinical follow-up. The diagnostic efficiencies of hepatobiliary scintigraphy for BA were evaluated within 50 min and at 6 and 24 h. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves within 50 min, at 6 and 24 h were 0.696, 0.829 , and 0.779 , suggesting poor diagnostic value within 50 min, but improvement at 6 and 24 h. The compliance rate of 6- and 24-h imaging for BA diagnosis was 89.34% (176/197; paired chi-square test Kappa value, 0.77; P > 0.05), signifying high consistency. The diagnostic efficiency values of 6-/24-h imaging for BA diagnosis were sensitivity (90.65/89.72%), specificity (74.44/78.89%), accuracy (83.25/84.77%), positive and negative predictive values (80.83/83.48% and 87.01/86.59%), with no significant difference (P > 0.05). To provide optimal treatment in early BA, the- 6-h hepatobiliary scintigraphy had practical value, especially when combined with tomographic or dynamic imaging; 24-h delay imaging was deemed unnecessary because it was not significantly superior.

To meet the challenges of the big data age, an urgent requirement from diverse manufacturing industries is to develop a systematic time-variant methodology to make good use of the condition parameters to benefit more from the monitoring point of view. With condition-based Statistical Process Control (SPC), we develop a time-variant Exponentially Weighted Moving Average-Cumulative Sum (EWMA-CUSUM) anomaly detection mechanism which can monitor real-time multi-condition parameters, as well as multi-output quality characteristics simultaneously and efficiently. This technique enables the process user to conduct the visualization in real-time, thus, affording the representation of the information from huge volume of data. In order to demonstrate the implementation for the monitoring of a real manufacturing process, the Wire Electrochemical Tuning (WECT) process is adopted as a practical application. The proposed mechanism is superior to the conventional univariate charting mechanism by 18.75% in terms of detection accuracy and it has great potential to be employed in a large area of factorial applications.

A typical internal flow passage of sprinkler is composed of bearing nipple, bend, tube and nozzle. For a medium or large size sprinkler, a unique straightening vane is often installed inside tube in attempts to minimize internal turbulence and to increase radius of sprinkler. To investigate the effect of different structural parameters and installed positions of straightening vane on the hydraulic performances of sprinkler becomes more and more important. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach can be successfully used to simulate the flow characteristics in internal flow passage. In this study, several turbulence models and different mesh types were utilized for different structural characteristics of straightening vanes in search of optimal CFD methods for sprinkler. The distributions of velocity, pressure and turbulence kinetic energy for different straightening vanes at inlet pressures ranging 250-500kPa were obtained. The calculated results revealed that turbulence kinetic energy is reduced significantly at nozzle outlet for sprinkler with straightening vane and the flow rate increases by 8.5% compared with sprinkler without straightening vane. In addition, the relationship between inlet pressure and flow rate for different nozzles were also predicted. Comparisons of CFD predictions with experimental data were presented for a typical PY140 impact sprinkler. The results of the simulated and experimental data were in good agreement. Finally optimized geometrical parameters of straightening vanes were brought forward.