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Tripartite motif-containing 21 (Trim21) is mainly involved in antiviral responses and autoimmune diseases. Although Trim21 has been reported to have a cancer-promoting or anticancer effect in various tumours, its role in renal cell cancer (RCC) remains to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that Trim21 is downregulated in primary RCC tissues. Low Trim21 expression in RCC is correlated with poor clinicopathological characteristics and short overall survival. Moreover, we illustrate that Trim21 inhibits RCC cells glycolysis through the ubiquitination-mediated degradation of HIF-1α, which inhibits the proliferation, tumorigenesis, migration, and metastasis of RCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Our findings show that Trim21 may become a promising predictive biomarker for the prognosis of patients with RCC.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are important monocytes in the breast cancer microenvironment. They facilitate the distant metastasis of breast cancer. However, the detailed mechanisms of TAM-derived cancer metastasis have not been clearly elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that PRMT1 is essential for TAM-mediated breast cancer cell migration and metastasis. TAMs increase EZH2 stability by stimulating PRMT1-mediated meR342-EZH2 formation through the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokine. Moreover, high expression levels of TAMs are positively correlated with PRMT1, meR342-EZH2, and EZH2 expression in breast cancer patients. Our study presents a novel mechanism of TAM-induced breast cancer metastasis via the IL-6-PRMT1-meR342-EZH2 axis.

The treatment of cancer has made great progress. However, drug resistance remains problematic. Multiple physiologic processes of tumor development can be dominated by central and sympathetic nervous systems. The interactions between the nervous system, immune system, and tumor occur consistently and dynamically. Recent evidence suggests that nerves and neural signals are intimately involved in the development of resistance to cancer therapies. In this review, we will provide an overview of the recent progress in this rapidly growing area and discuss the potential new strategies for targeting the neural signaling pathway to improve the effectiveness of chemotherapies, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies.

Background Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a highly important complement to modern medicine and is widely practiced in China and in many other countries. The work of Chinese medicine is subject to the two factors of the inheritance and development of clinical experience of famous Chinese medicine practitioners and the difficulty in improving the service capacity of basic Chinese medicine practitioners. Heterogeneous information networks (HINs) are a kind of graphical model for integrating and modeling real-world information. Through HINs, we can integrate and model the large-scale heterogeneous TCM data into structured graph data and use this as a basis for analysis. Methods Mining categorizations from TCM data is an important task for precision medicine. In this paper, we propose a novel structured learning model to solve the problem of formula regularity, a pivotal task in prescription optimization. We integrate clustering with ranking in a heterogeneous information network. Results The results from experiments on the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (ChP) demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed model for discovering useful categorizations of formulas. Conclusions We use heterogeneous information networks to model TCM data and propose a TCM-HIN. Combining the heterogeneous graph with the probability graph, we proposed the TCM-Clus algorithm, which combines clustering with ranking and classifies traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions. The results of the categorizations can help Chinese medicine practitioners to make clinical decision.

A diode-pumped Tm,Ho:YAP laser utilizing a self-made LiNbO 3 (LN) electro-optically modulator (EOM) at room temperature is demonstrated for the first time. A minimum pulse duration of 107.4 ns was obtained at a pulse repetition rate (PRR) of 200 Hz, giving a maximum single pulse energy of 1.65 mJ. At a PRR of 1 kHz, pulse duration of 145.8 ns was achieved under the absorbed pump power of 7.4 W, corresponding to a maximum single pulse energy of 0.546 mJ, and the pulse to pulse amplitude instabilities were measured to be about 4.6% and 5.83% for PRRs of 200 Hz and 1 kHz, respectively.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a highly important complement to modern medicine and is widely practiced in China and in many other countries. For TCM, herbal therapies are generally formula based, and individual herbs are rarely used. Unfortunately, due to the empirical nature of TCM, effective diagnosis and prescription methods are not well defined. In this paper, we propose a novel structured learning model to solve the problem of formula regularity, a pivotal task in prescription optimization. We integrate clustering with ranking in a heterogeneous information network. The results from experiments on the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (ChP) demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed model for discovering useful categorizations of formulas.

An electro-optical modulator (EOM) made of a z -cut LiNbO 3 (LN) crystal with size of 9×9×25 mm 3 was designed to work in transverse-field regime. The extinction ratio of the EOM was measured to be 324:1. With the EOM operating in off Q-switching regime, a diode pumped all-solid-state actively Q-switched Tm:LuAG laser at 2 μm was realized. At repetition rate of 200 Hz, 2.5 mJ pulses with duration of 88.2 ns were generated. A maximum pulse energy of 2.51 mJ was achieved at repetition rate of 50 Hz, corresponding to a minimum pulse duration of 88 ns.

We report the first demonstration of a diode-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:LuAG laser with a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) as saturable absorber. A maximum average output power of 844 mW and pulses as short as 78 ns under a repetition rate of about 100 kHz were generated. A MWCNT Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was comparatively investigated, in comparison with which the Nd:LuAG laser showed lower threshold absorbed pump power and higher pulse energy, indicating a better energy storage ability of Nd:LuAG crystal than Nd:YAG.

We report the characteristics of a diode-pumped continuous-wave (CW) and passively Q-switched Nd:LuAG laser emitting 1.3 μm wavelength. A maximum average output power of 954 mW was obtained under CW operation, giving a slope efficiency of 14.7%. With an V3+:YAG crystal wafer employed as saturable absorber, the passively Q-switched Nd:LuAG laser produced a minimum pulse duration of 17 ns under a repetition rate of 8 kHz, and a maximum single pulse energy of 18.9 μJ. A rate equation model is introduced to theoretically analyze the results obtained in the experiment, in which the Gaussian spatial distribution of the intracavity photon density and the longitudinal distribution of the photon density along the cavity axis are taken into account. The results of numerical calculations of the rate equations are consistent with the experimental results. The results indicated the Nd:LuAG crystal as a promising gain medium for achieving short pulses with high energy at 1.3 μm.