Search

Global warming due to the accumulation of atmospheric CO2 has received great attention in recent years. Hence, it is urgent to reduce CO2 emissions into the atmosphere and develop sustainable technologies for a circular carbon economy. In this regard, CO2 capture coupled with the conversion into chemicals and fuels provides a promising solution to reduce CO2 emissions as well as to store and utilize renewable energy. Among the many possible CO2 conversion pathways, CO2 hydrogenation to higher alcohols is considered an important strategy for the synthesis of carbon-based fuels and feedstock and holds great promise for the chemical industry. Thus, this review provides an overview of advances in CO2 hydrogenation to higher alcohols that have been achieved recently in terms of catalyst design, catalytic performance, and insight into the reaction mechanism under different experimental conditions. First, the limitations provided by reaction thermodynamics and the indispensability of catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to higher alcohols are discussed. Then, four main categories of catalysts will be introduced and discussed (i.e. Rh-, Cu-, Mo-, and Co-based catalysts). Moreover, important factors significantly influencing the efficiency of the catalytic transformation such as alkali/alkaline earth metal promoters, transition metal promoters, catalyst supports, catalyst precursors, and reaction conditions, as well as the reaction mechanism are explained. Finally, the review discusses emerging methodologies yet to be explored and future directions to achieve a high efficiency for the hydrogenation of CO2 to higher alcohols.

Background To develop and validate tumor‐to‐blood based nomograms for preoperative prediction of lymph node (LN) metastasis in patients with lung cancer (LC). Methods A prediction model was developed in a primary cohort comprising 330 LN stations from patients with pathologically confirmed LC, these data having been gathered from January 2016 to June 2019. Tumor‐to‐blood variables of LNs were calculated from positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET‐CT) images of LC and the short axis diameters of LNs were measured on CT images. Tumor‐to‐blood variables, number of stations suspected of harboring LN metastasis according to PET, and independent clinicopathological risk factors were included in the final nomograms. After being internally validated, the nomograms were used to assess an independent validation cohort containing 101 consecutive LN stations accumulated from July 2019 to March 2020. Results Four tumor‐to‐blood variables (left atrium, inferior vena cava, liver, and aortic arch) and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) for LNs were found to be significantly associated with LN status (p, Tumor‐to‐blood parameters improve prediction accuracy of PET/CT for lymph node (LN) metastasis in patients with lung cancer. The LN SUVmax/left atrium SUVmax based nomogram had the best predictive performance. The AUC of the primary N = 330) and validation cohorts (N = 101) was 0.830 and 0.865, respectively.

Clinical efficacy of montelukast sodium combined with budesonide or combined with loratadine in children with cough variant asthma was investigated. A retrospective analysis of the medical records of 72 children with cough variant asthma who were treated in Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University from April 2015 to August 2017 was performed and the 72 child patients were divided into two groups: 35 children were treated with montelukast sodium combined with budesonide in Group A, and 37 children were treated with montelukast sodium combined with loratadine in Group B. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated according to the lung function indexes [forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), ratio of the forced expiratory volume in the first second to the forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), the peak expiratory flow (PEF)], the inflammation biomarkers [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-4 (IL-4)], the level of eosinophil granulocyte, and the level of IgE at three time-points: before treatment, the 4th week after treatment, and the 12th week after treatment as well as adverse reactions, recurrence of symptoms, and treatment compliance were recorded. After treatment, the levels of FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF, TNF-α and IL-4, eosinophil granulocyte and IgE in the two groups were significantly improved (P

In the traditional design process of auto panels, the structure and functions of the panel are concerned more by designers, but the manufacturability is paid little attention to. Therefore, some problems appear during the manufacturing process. In this paper, a new approach, design for manufacturability using polychromatic sets, is introduced to evaluate the manufacturability of auto panels. And the systemic framework is established. Detailed explanations are given through an auto panel example. The evaluation process is described using polychromatic Sets.

In CITIS (Contractor Integrated Technical Information Service) collaborative manufacturing project, how the prime contractor reasonably chooses cooperativeenterprises and assigns tasks among them will directly effects on gaining benefit from the project. To solve this problem, in this paper, a new heuristic optimization algorithm is proposed for tasks assignment, which objectives are minimizing costs and reducing the number of enterprises selected based on theminimization of project time. Finally, the algorithm is varied through an example, and the evaluation for it is given.

In the study of job shop scheduling problem in mass injection molding processing enterprises, the practical job shop scheduling environment cannot be mirrored in the traditional study only considering machine resources. A dual-resource (machines and moulds) constrained job shop scheduling problem model was established in this paper, according to the actual factors of mass injection molding processing job shop scheduling. A heuristic active algorithm combined with priority rules is employed to give the solution. Finally, an example is made to illustrate the algorithm, whose schedule result is shown with a Gantt chart.

Based on the characteristics of supplier selection for CALS(Continuous Acquisition and Life-cycle Support), that companies with CALS have many suppliers and suppliers are always strategic suppliers, supplier selection process is divided into two phases: pre-selection and making decision. At supplier pre-selection stage, polychromatic sets theory from Russia is introduced as the solution scheme. According to the properties of suppliers themselves and pre-selection evaluating indicators, pre-selection contour Boolean matrix is created automatically. Based on it, supplier pre-selection model is set up. At decision-making stage, popular fuzzy analytic hierarchy process is adopted to set up supplier selection model. On the basis of evaluating indicators of the decision-making stage, the best supplier can be chosen quickly. In the end, an application example of motor company is given to testify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.