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Energy efficient building projects has become the focus of sustainable development. In this article, 2 indexes, energy-saving sensitivity and energy-saving contribution, are proposed to assess the energy efficiency of residential buildings. Four green measures to improve the energy efficiency of residential building with either passive or active technologies are designed and their saving performances are evaluated with the case study of a residential building simulation model in Changchun, region in China using the 2 indexes by simulations in the Designbuilder simulation software. The results reveal that improving the energy efficiency of residential buildings in severely cold regions should be focused on two key energy consumption factors, A1-heating (gas) and A2-zone sensible heating. Green measures M4-modifying the heating ventilating and air conditioning system and M1-improving envelope structures are found with high energy-saving sensitivities on the energy consumption factors A1 and A2. The energy-saving contribution of green measures M4 is the largest with the value of 80.17%, and that of green measure M2-adding shading facilities is the smallest with the negative value of − 8.53%. These results suggest that M4 and M1 are the effective green energy-saving renovation measures of the residential buildings in severely cold regions. The assessment method and simulation case study results provide a theoretical foundation and practical suggestions for the decision making to effectively reduce the energy consumption of residential buildings in severely cold regions by adopting appropriate green measures.

A novel economic analyzing method was proposed to evaluate the combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) system based on energy cascade utilization and the current feed-in tariff policy in China. Natural gas consumption rates were chosen as the economic criteria to evaluate operation costs of cooling, heating and electricity of an office building in Changchun, Jilin of China. Based on the building’s energy consumption and current energy price structures, the following electric load (FEL) operation strategy was used to achieve a more profitable performance from the CCHP system. Because of the deficiency in economic performance, no excess electricity was generated or sold to the grid, even though selling electricity to the grid was allowed when certain restrictions were satisfied. Meanwhile, the power generation unit size was optimized according to the basic electric requirement of the building. Additionally, a water storage tank was used because it could improve the primary energy consumption ratio and the profitability of the CCHP system.

The traditional unmanned transmission line inspection airship relies on the deflection of the tail to realize the turning, the turning radius is large, the U-turn is difficult, and hovering in the air may not rotate 360 degrees fixed point, which is not conducive to the power line inspection of the hidden points or suspected fault points of the key observation work. This paper introduces a new type of transmission line of unmanned airship, which uses Y tail steering driving mechanism, the new unmanned transmission line inspection airship relies on the propeller and steering auxiliary flight, high stability and steering. The hover U-turn more flexible to control the technical requirements are relatively simple, and can reduce the size of the tail, reducing the probability of failure airship. Through the line patrol test of the transmission line in Dandong, it is proved that the unmanned airship designed in this paper has good low-speed maneuverability and turning performance.

Rationale and Objectives The aim of this study was to preliminarily investigate whether an enlarged geniculate ganglion fossa (GGF) on temporal bone computed tomography can diagnose GGF fracture in patients with traumatic facial paralysis by evaluating the diameter of the GGF. Materials and Methods Thirty-six patients who underwent computed tomography before confirmation of GGF fracture on otologic surgery were recruited into a study group. Additionally, a cohort of 107 patients with no histories of head trauma, no structural abnormalities of inner ear, and no clinical symptoms of facial nerve disability who underwent computed tomography for other reasons were selected as a control group. The diameters of the GGFs of the study group were evaluated by two observers and compared retrospectively with those of the control group. Wilcoxon's test was used to compare discrepancies of both sides, and intraclass correlation coefficients were used to evaluate intraobserver and interobserver reliability. Results The measurement of diameters showed good interobserver and intraobserver consistency. The discrepancy in the measurement of transdiameter between both sides of the GGF on reformatted transverse images of the study group was significantly different from that of the control group (Wilcoxon's test, P P Conclusions An enlarged GGF on temporal bone computed tomography offers an additional sign for the diagnosis of GGF fracture in patients with traumatic facial paralysis.