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BACKGROUND Despite being the most common intraocular malignancy among adults, choroidal melanoma is a rare cancer type, even more so when accompanied by lung cancer. We report a patient with synchronous choroid melanoma and lung cancer treated with carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT). CASE SUMMARY A 41-year-old woman was transferred to our center with a diagnosis of choroidal melanoma in her right eye. During the examination, we found a right lung tumor that was histologically diagnosed as lung cancer. The patient was treated with CIRT for both malignant neoplasms. The CIRT dose was 70 photon equivalent doses (GyE) in five fractions for the right eye choroidal melanoma and 72 GyE in 16 fractions for the right lung cancer. At 3 mo after CIRT, the choroidal melanoma completely disappeared, as did the right lung cancer 7 mo after; the patient was in complete remission. CONCLUSION CIRT may be an effective treatment for double primary lung cancer and choroid melanoma.

BACKGROUND Radical cystectomy is considered the first choice for the treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. However, for some patients who have lost the indications for surgery, external beam radiotherapy is a non-invasive and effective treatment. CASE SUMMARY A 76-year-old patient with bladder cancer who had serious comorbidities and could not tolerate surgery or chemotherapy came to the Wuwei Heavy Ion Center. He received carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) with a whole-bladder dose of 44 GyE and tumor boost of 20 GyE. When he finished CIRT, his bladder cancer-related hematuria completely disappeared, and computed tomography examination showed that the tumor had obviously decreased in size. At the 3-mo follow-up, the tumor disappeared, and there were no acute or late adverse events. CIRT was well tolerated in this patient. CONCLUSION CIRT may allow for avoiding resection and was well tolerated with curative outcomes.

BACKGROUND Although the bystander effect and abscopal effect are familiar in medicine, they are relatively rare in clinical practice. Herein, we report the case of a patient who demonstrated an obvious bystander effect and abscopal effect response following carbon-ion irradiation for recurrent thymic carcinoma. CASE SUMMARY A 44-year-old female presented with shortness of breath. Eleven years prior, she was diagnosed with athymic tumor located in the anterosuperior mediastinum. She underwent extensive tumor resection, and the postoperative pathologic diagnosis was thymic carcinoma. She was administered 50 Gy/25 Fx of postoperative radiation. In 2019, she was diagnosed with a recurrence of thymic carcinoma, with multiple recurrent nodules and masses in the left thoracic chest and peritoneal cavity, the largest of which was in the diaphragm pleura proximal to the pericardium, with a size of 6.7 cm × 5.3 cm × 4.8 cm. She received carbon-ion radiotherapy. After carbon-ion radiotherapy treatment, the treated masses and the untreated masses were observed to have noticeably shrunk on the day of carbon-ion radiotherapy completion and on follow-up imaging. We followed the CARE Guidelines for consensus-based clinical case reporting guideline development and completed the CARE Checklist of information to report this case. CONCLUSION This report is the first of obvious abscopal and bystander effects following carbon-ion irradiation in a human patient, and further research is needed to better elucidate the mechanisms of bystander and abscopal effects.

Objective To systematically elucidate the chemical composition of Mongolian medicine scabiosa, explore its key targets and related pathways by network p harmacology, and further clarify its against hepatic fibrosis mechanism through experiments. Methods The Mongolian medicine scabiosa was determined by UHPLC -TOF-MS/MS and its components were analyzed; The intersection of Mongolian medicine scabiosa was screened in the Swiss target prediction database to obtain the against hepatic fibrosis target of Mongolian Medicine Scabiosa. The protein interaction was analyzed through a string database, and the GO function and KEGG path way were analyzed on the Metascape platform. Meanwhile, we selected the PI3K/Akt and PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, p38 and p-p38 targets in MAPK signaling pathway for v erification. The mechanism against hepatic fibrosis of Mongolian medicine scabiosa was verified by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results A total of 120 chemical constituents were identified, including flavonoids, alkaloids, coumarins, terpenoids, phenols, and fatty acids. According to the prediction, there are 63 against hepatic fibrosis targets, including 20 core targets. GO enrichment analysis involves three aspects: biological process (BP), cell component (CC), and molecular function (MF). KEGG enrichment results show that PI3K/Akt, EGFR, Rap1, HIF-1, Ras, MAPK are significant pathways. In the in vivo experiment, Mongolian medicine scabiosa can significantly reduce serum biochemical indexes ( P< 0.05), hydroxyproline ( P< 0.05); Masson staining showed that the proliferation of abnormal fibrous tissue w as reduced, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells was reduced, which improved the fibrotic liver tissue; RT-qPCR results showed that the expression of α-SMA, c ollagen, PI3K, Akt, p38 mRNA decreased( P< 0.05). The results of Western blot showed that compare with the model group, the Mongolian medicine scabiosa could i nhibit the expression of markers of hepatic fibrosis α-SMA, collagen, PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, p38,p-p38decreased( P< 0.01); In the in vitro experiment, MTT results showe d that the inhibition rate of serum containing Mongolian medicine scabiosa on HSC-T6 was the highest at 24 hours; Western blot results showed that compared with t he control group, the protein expression levels of α-SMA, collagen, PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, p38,p-p38 in high, medium and low dose groups were significantly decreased

Aim Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary renal disease in humans and is caused by mutations in the PKD1 or PKD2 gene. ADPKD is heterogeneous with regard to locus and allele heterogeneity and phenotypic variability. Methods Using targeted capture associated with next generation sequencing (NGS), we performed a mutational analysis of Han Chinese patients with ADPKD from 62 unrelated families. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard modelling of their different clinical characteristics and mutation classes was performed. Results The detection rate for a PKD1 and PKD2 mutation in the Chinese ADPKD patients was 95.2% (59/62). We identified pathogenic mutations in 64.4% (38/59) of patients, including 32PKD1 mutations (15 nonsense mutations, 15 frameshift mutation, one splice mutation, and one large deletion) and six PKD2 mutations (three nonsense mutations and three frameshift mutations). Of the pathogenic variants we identified, 50% (19/38) were novel variants and 50% (19/38) were known variants. Patients with PKD2 mutations had milder and indistinguishable phenotypes. Significant phenotypic differences were observed among the various types of PKD1 mutations. Conclusion Our results show that targeted capture associated with next-generation sequencing is an effective strategy for genetically testing ADPKD patients. This mutation analysis of ADPKD in Han Chinese extends our understanding of the genetic diversity of different ethnic groups, enriches the mutation database, and contributes to the genetic counselling of ADPKD patients.

SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 160 million and caused more than 3 million deaths to date. Most individuals (>80%) have mild symptoms and recover in the outpatient setting, but detailed studies of immune responses have focused primarily on moderate to severe COVID-19. We deeply profiled the longitudinal immune response in individuals with mild COVID beginning with early time points post-infection (1-15 days) and proceeding through convalescence to >100 days after symptom onset. We correlated data from single cell analyses of peripheral blood cells, serum proteomics, virus-specific cellular and humoral immune responses, and clinical metadata. Acute infection was characterized by vigorous coordinated innate and adaptive activation, including an early cellular and proteomic signature that correlated with the amplitude of virus-specific humoral responses after day 30. We characterized signals associated with recovery and convalescence to define a new signature of inflammatory cytokines, gene expression, and chromatin accessibility that persists in individuals with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC).

Background: Plasma cell granuloma (PCG) is a rare benign pseudotumorous proliferation of unclear etiology that is mainly situated in the lungs. Gingival PCG is an even more peculiar lesion that usually occurs in middle-aged or elderly individuals and clinically manifests as a solitary entity. Case report: A 15-year-old male with no underlying medical conditions presented with multiple gingival masses in the right maxilla, which were initially thought to be epulis. The lesions were resected completely and the excisional biopsies sent for histological examination. Immunohistochemical (IHC) stain revealed dense polyclonal plasma cell infiltration with positive expression of both kappa and lambda light chains, confirming a diagnosis of gingival PCG. Subsequently, the affected gingiva healed uneventfully, with no sign of recurrence over 2 years of follow-up. Conclusions: The present report depicts an extremely unusual case of gingival PCG occurring in a juvenile with multiple lesions, which is worth attention in clinical pediatric dentistry. Excisional-biopsy and histological investigations are imperative for a confirmative diagnosis and to exclude potential aggressive conditions. Complete resection of lesions seems to be a valid treatment, while long-term clinical follow-up is still needed.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Periploca forrestii Schltr. was listed as a classical medicinal plant in “Miao medicine”, which is a branch of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). According to the theory of TCM, P. forrestii has the efficacy of relaxing tendons and activating collaterals, and dispelling wind and eliminating dampness. Hence, it was often used for the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis and traumatic injury in clinical practice. Aims of the review This review aims to present comprehensive information for the research progress of P. forrestii. The researches on botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of the plant are summarized. We mainly focus on the phytochemical and pharmacological investigations. As a representative class of phytochemicals in P. forrestii, more attention is paid to cardiac glycosides. The insights into potential action of mechanisms and possible future studies on P. forrestii are also discussed. Materials and methods Relevant literature was acquired from scientific databases including Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scifinder, Baidu Scholar, PubMed and Chinese national knowledge infrastructure. Monographs and Chinese pharmacopoeia were also utilized as references. Results To date, all kinds of phytochemical constituents have been isolated and identified from this plant including cardiac glycosides, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, quinones, organic phenolic acids and others. Among these, cardiac glycosides were considered as the major ingredients and bioactive materials. Modern pharmacological studies demonstrated that the plant possessed extensive bioactivity, such as anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, immunosuppressive action, wound healing activity, antioxidant, anti-tumor and, cardiotonic properties. Conclusions As an important medicinal plant, lots of studies have proved that P. forrestii has significant therapeutical effects, especially on rheumatoid arthritis and traumatic injury. These results provide modern scientific evidence for traditional use and contribute to the development of novel remedies for chronic diseases. However, the exact mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. Furthermore, the long-term in vivo toxicity and clinical efficacy also require in-depth exploration in the future.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are frequently comorbid with each other, and both associated with substantial cognitive impairments; however, it is still unclear whether their impairments are neurobiologically similar or distinct. This study aims to investigate the cognitive functions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in patients with MDD and GAD during the verbal fluency task (VFT) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Fifty-two patients with MDD, fifty-one patients with GAD, fifty-two patients with the comorbidity of MDD and GAD (CMG), and forty-seven healthy controls (HC) participated in the study. Significant hypoactivation in the left ventrolateral and the left dorsolateral PFC was common in all patient groups when compared to HCs, suggesting a shared etiology. Furthermore, MDD patients showed significant hypoactivation at the right frontal pole cortex (FPoC) when compared to HCs and significant hypoactivation at the middle FPoC when compared to the CMG patients. Our work is the first fNIRS study to reveal the shared and unique neurobiological profiles of MDD, GAD and their comorbidity under the same standard experimentation condition, suggesting fNIRS holds promise as an adjutant to assist clinical diagnosis.

The stability of open-pit mining is a hot issue in geotechnical engineering. A mining railroad is in operation on the slope where the east exhaust inclined shaft and the east sand injection inclined shaft on the Laohutai Mine are located, and it was necessary to determine whether railroad vibration would have an impact on the safety of the inclined shafts. With this project as the background, the dynamic response of the slope with inside two inclined shafts was conducted under train loading. A three-dimensional numerical model by using PLAXIS 3D was established to analyze the stability of the slope. The results show that the dynamic reaction caused by the full-loaded train is significantly greater than the no-load train. The safety factor of the slope under the dynamic load is 1.201, and the maximum displacement of the slope which occurred in the gravel layer directly beneath the train track is about 5 mm. The acceleration responses of the two inclined shafts are almost consistent. The maximum horizontal and vertical acceleration occur at the epidote weak layer. The acceleration directly below the load increases significantly. Therefore, it can be considered that the slopes are stable under the action of train vibration, and the influence on the two inclined shafts is small and negligible.

Background The annual incidence of pulmonary nodules is estimated at 1.57 million. Guidelines recommend using an initial assessment of nodule probability of malignancy (pCA). A previous study found that despite this recommendation, physicians did not follow guidelines. Methods Physician assessments (N = 337) and two previously validated risk model assessments of pretest probability of cancer were evaluated for performance in 337 patients with pulmonary nodules based on final diagnosis and compared. Physician-assessed pCA was categorized into low, intermediate, and high risk, and the next test ordered was evaluated. Results The prevalence of malignancy was 47% (n = 158) at 1 year. Physician-assessed pCA performed better than nodule prediction calculators (area under the curve, 0.85 vs 0.75; P P = .0001). Physicians did not follow indicated guidelines when selecting the next test in 61% of cases (n = 205). Despite recommendations for serial CT imaging in those with low pCA, 52% (n = 13) were managed more aggressively with PET imaging or biopsy; 12% (n = 3) underwent biopsy procedures for benign disease. Alternatively, in the high-risk category, the majority (n = 103 [75%]) were managed more conservatively. Stratified by diagnosis, 92% (n = 22) with benign disease underwent more conservative management with CT imaging (20%), PET scanning (15%), or biopsy (8%), although three had surgery (8%). Conclusions Physician assessment as a means for predicting malignancy in pulmonary nodules is more accurate than previously validated nodule prediction calculators. Despite the accuracy of clinical intuition, physicians did not follow guideline-based recommendations when selecting the next diagnostic test. To provide optimal patient care, focus in the areas of guideline refinement, implementation, and dissemination is needed.

Background & Aims We analyzed markers of fibrosis in serum samples from patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), assessed by liver biopsy. We used serum levels of markers to develop an algorithm to discriminate patients with advanced fibrosis from those with mild or moderate fibrosis and validated its performance in 2 independent cohorts of patients with NAFLD. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of serum samples from 396 patients with NAFLD and different stages of fibrosis (F0–F4), collected from 2007 through 2017 on the day of liver biopsy (training cohort 1). We measured serum concentrations of alpha-2 macroglobulin (A2M), hyaluronic acid (HA), and TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP1), and used measurements to develop an algorithm that could discriminate patients with NAFLD with advanced fibrosis (F3–F4; 24.1% of cohort) from those with mild or moderate fibrosis (F0–F2; 79.5% of cohort). We validated the algorithm using serum samples collected from a separate 396 patients from the same time period and location (validation cohort 1), as well as 244 patients with NAFLD evaluated at a separate location, from 2011 through 2017, within a median of 11 days of liver biopsy (cohort 2). Results The algorithm identified patients with advanced fibrosis vs mild or moderate fibrosis in training cohort 1 with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve of 0.867 (95% CI, 0.827–0.907), 84.8% sensitivity (95% CI, 75.5%–91.0%), and 72.3% specificity (95% CI, 66.9%–77.3%), at a cutoff score of 17. The AUROC for the combined validation cohorts 1 and 2 (n=640) was 0.856 (95% CI, 0.820–0.892), identifying patients with 79.7% sensitivity (95% CI, 71.9%–86.2%) and 75.7% specificity (95% CI, 71.8%–79.4%) at the predetermined cutoff score of 17. The algorithm had negative predictive values that ranged from 92.5% to 94.7% in the validation cohorts; it correctly classified 90.0% of F0 samples, 75.0% of F1 samples, 77.4% of F3 samples, and 94.4% of F4 samples. Conclusion We developed an algorithm that identifies patients with advanced fibrosis from those with mild to moderate fibrosis in patients with NAFLD with an AUROC value of approximately 0.86, based on levels of serum biomarkers. We validated the findings in 2 separate sets of patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD. The algorithm can be used non-invasively to determine risk of advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.

The system of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor c‐Met plays a critical role in tumor invasive growth and metastasis. The mortality rate of colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies, is increased by it gradual development into metastasis, most frequently in the liver. Overexpression of c‐Met, the protein tyrosine kinase receptor for the HCF/scatter factor, has been implicated in the progression and metastasis of human colorectal carcinoma. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of c‐Met in CRC liver metastasis and illustrate the clinical impact of regulating HGF/c‐Met signaling in patients with CRC liver metastasis. We found that (I) higher levels of c‐Met expression (mRNA and Protein) in CRC liver metastasis than primary CRC by assessing the patient tissue samples; (II) a positive correlation of c‐Met expression with tumor stages of CRC liver metastasis, as well as c‐Met expression in CRC, live metastasis concurred with regional lymph node metastasis; (III) the clinical impact of downregulation of HGF/c‐Met signaling on the reduction of proliferation and invasion in CRC liver metastasis. Therefore, we demonstrate that the regulation of HGF/c‐Met pathways may be a promising strategy in the treatment of patients with CRC liver metastasis.

Motion capture data could describe human motion precisely. It’s anticipated some uncapturable human motions may be generated through easily capturable motions. A method was introduced to segment motion captured data, which could cut a long motion sequence into some unique motion primitives. This method involved 14 joints of body hierarchy. Singular Value Decomposition (SVM) was used to determine how motion data dimension changed, which could identify the segmentation frame. The validity of method was verified with an 8,401 frames motion sequence from Carnegie Mellon University Motion Capture Database, and it turned out to be valid in accordance with human intuitive judgment.

Liposarcoma (LPS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma. Myxoid LPS (MLPS) is the second most common subtype of LPS and accounts for 25% to 50% of all LPSs. Like most other soft tissue sarcomas, the mainstay of treatment for LPS is inevitably surgery. Multidisciplinary approaches, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, have been successful in the treatment of LPS during the last three decades. Even so, recurrence of LPS remains challenging. Carbon ion beams produce increased energy deposition at the end of their range to form a Bragg peak while minimizing irradiation damage to surrounding tissues, which facilitates more precise dosage and localization than that achieved with photon beams. Furthermore, carbon ion beams have high relative biologic effectiveness. We herein describe a patient who developed recurrent MLPS in the right calf after two surgeries and underwent carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT), achieving complete disappearance of the tumor. The patient developed Grade 1 radiation dermatitis 30 days after CIRT, but no other acute toxicities were observed. The tumor had completely disappeared by 120 days after CIRT, and the patient remained disease-free for 27 months after CIRT. The CARE guidelines were followed in the reporting of this case.

Background This research aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of synbiotics for treating chronic kidney disease. Methods Related articles written in English were sourced from EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. These articles were used in the evaluation of the effect of synbiotics for treating chronic kidney disease. The extent of the relationship was assessed by calculating the pooled risk ratio, mean differences or standardized mean difference along with the equivalent 95% confidence intervals. The risk of bias introduced through each study was considered by adopting the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Suitable statistical research methods were utilized for the synthesis of the data. The RevMan 5.3 software was used to conduct all statistical analysis. Results The final results of the current study is due to be included in a peer-reviewed journal. Conclusion The final remarks of the current study will be useful evidence for determining whether synbiotics is an effective and safe therapeutic method for treating chronic kidney disease. Osf registration number DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/UASF4 (https://osf.io/uasf4/).

Ethnopharmacological relevance Frankincense oil and water extracts (FOE, FWE) have long been used for external treatment of inflammation and pain. The present study was conducted to identify the active ingredients responsible for the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects and to determine the underlying mechanisms. Materials and methods The compositions of FOE and FWE were identified and compared by GC–MS. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the two extracts and their possible active ingredients (α-pinene, linalool, and 1-octanol) were evaluated and compared in a xylene-induced ear edema model and a formalin-inflamed hind paw model. Inflammatory infiltrates and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in hind paw skin were investigated by histological staining. Results The contents of α-pinene, linalool, and 1-octanol in FOE were much higher than those in FWE. Mice treated with FOE exhibited greater and faster lessening of swelling and pain than mice treated with FWE. The combination of the three components had more potent pharmacological effects on hind paw inflammation and COX-2 overexpression than the three components used alone. Conclusions These findings suggest that topical application of FOE or its active ingredients (including α-pinene, linalool, and 1-octanol) exhibit significantly anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects through inhibiting nociceptive stimulus-induced inflammatory infiltrates and COX-2 overexpression.

Introduction To explore the underlying mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) treatment on central post-stroke pain (CPSP), and provide basic evidence for the EA treatment on CPSP. Methods Firstly, 40 male SD rats were successfully established with a model of CPSP, under the intervention of different EA frequencies (2 Hz and 15 Hz) and fluoxetine (5 ml/kg and 0.4 mg/ml), whose brain tissue was then removed for paraffin-embedded sectioning; secondly, LPS induced the primary brain cells in the hippocampus to cause inflammation model which were added NS398 (inhibitor of COX-2) and DKK-1 (inhibitor of β-catenin) later. The lesion sites of brain tissue were observed by Nissl staining and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and autophagy-related proteins (LC3B, p62, LAMP-1), COX-2 and β-catenin were detected by Western Blot and immunohistochemical staining. Finally, the correlation between LC3B, COX-2, and β-catenin was calculated by multispectral quantification. Results (1) In the EA group (15 Hz), the number of Nissl bodies increased, autophagy-related protein LC3B-Ⅱ/Ⅰ, LAMP-1, COX-2, and β-catenin was lowly expressed, p62 was highly expressed; (2) COX-2, β-catenin and LC3B are positively correlated with each other (COX-2 & β-catenin: r = 0.923; COX-2 & LC3B: r = 0.818; β-catenin & LC3B: r = 0.801); (3) Nissl bodies of primary brain cells of the hippocampus under LPS were like animal experiments; after addition of DKK-1, high expression of β-catenin and COX-2 induced by LPS was significantly down-regulated, and LC3B-II/I was significantly down-regulated, and p62 protein only had up-regulation trend; after addition of NS398, COX-2 and LC3B-II/I was significantly down-regulated. Conclusion EA may inhibit autophagy in the hippocampus by reducing β-catenin/COX-2 protein expression and effectively alleviating CPSP. Significance Statement Previous studies have found that EA can reduce the expression of NK-1R in damaged rats by inhibition of COX-2 and β-catenin loops, which controls the activation of glial cells in the damaged area and the apoptosis of neuronal cells, and alleviated pain. In the male SD rat model, we evaluated this effect that EA inhibits autophagy in the hippocampus by reducing β-catenin/COX-2 protein expression in the brain tissue. In addition, we assessed expression levels of autophagy-related proteins and genes on the inflammatory primary brain cells model. From the experiment, we found EA may inhibit autophagy in the hippocampus by reducing β-catenin/COX-2 protein expression. These findings provide a foundation for the interpretation of the mechanism of EA on relieving CPSP in clinical practice.

Some dirty data exists inevitably under big data environment, and it seriously affects the data quality, while the technology of data cleaning is one of the most important methods to improve data quality, and the researches on the data cleaning framework are helpful for big data decision. A general framework of data cleaning in big data is proposed, the core data cleaning module includes three submodules, which are incomplete records cleaning, inconsistent data repairing and approximate duplicate records cleaning, and the processes of data cleaning are discussed specifically. The character of big data is volume, variety, value, velocity and complexity, and there are some incomplete, incorrect and duplicate dirty data in original information, which cause the big data uncontrollable and unavailable[1-2]. It is hoped that valuable information can be extracted from the mass data to provide reference for decision makers. Because of error in data merging or migration of dada sources, it is unavoidable to exist some redundant, incomplete, indeterminable and inconsistent data, which is called dirty data and affects seriously the efficiency of data utilization and the quality of decision making. The technology of data cleaning is particularly important to make the data more accurate and consistent, and it can filter or modify the unnecessary data and output the required data. At present, there are some researches on the data cleaning for big data[3-6]. The technology of big data is developed from the traditional technology, and inherits the traditional concepts and analysis methods[7-8], such as data cleaning and data warehouse. The traditional data cleaning can provide high quality data and enhance efficiency and correctness of data analysis. In big data environment, data cleaning is the basis and original process of big data analysis, which decides the data quality of results. The technology of data cleaning in big data is discussed in this paper, and a general framework of data cleaning is proposed.

NTFS in Windows is a kind of file systems with good stability and security, and it is important for data security to research on data recovery based on NTFS. Analyzing the structure of NTFS, a data recovery system based on NTFS is designed and implemented, and three modules are presented, which includes disk analyzing, partition scanning and data recovery modules. The data recovery module is the core of the recovery system, and the implementation process of dada recovery based on NTFS is provided particularly. The results of soft testing show that the system proposed can recover the original data very well.

In this paper, by absorbing the advantages of imported control system and equipment and combining years of field experience and the characteristics of domestic gas well mining technology, a new type of automatic control system and equipment for gas well dewatering was put forward. What’s more, short message communication was used to transmit control instructions and data remotely, and functions including the extraction of gas well data by U disk, the replay of recent gas well data curve and the alarm of gas pressure sudden change were added.

In recent years, metabolomics using high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) has been used to study the metabolic profiles in plasma, urine, stool and tissue in animal model of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In the previous work, we found that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) "Kidney Flaccidity Compound” (KFC) based on "kidney flaccidity theory” can improve renal function and quality of life of patients with kidney disease. This study aimed to investigate the metabolic profiles in peripheral blood of hemodialysis patients administrated by KFC for 1.5 and 3 months and explore the potential metabolic mechanism using UPLC. Results showed that 121 metabolites were different between KFC 3-months group and untreated control, of which 75 were significantly upregulated and 46 were significantly downregulated. In the 1.5-months treatment group, there were 365 metabolites, of which 164 were significantly upregulated and 192 downregulated. There were 6 metabolites and 15 metabolites upregulated 3-fold in 3-months and 1.5-months KFC treatment group, respectively. In addition, more than 60 new metabolites were identified in the peripheral blood in KFC treated patients, including two potential diagnostic markers MGDG 30:8 and 2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(1R,4S) -2,2,4-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-5-yl]oxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol. The pathway enrichment analysis showed thce differential metabolites mainly enriched in Arginine and proline metabolism, Urea cycle, Tyrosine metabolism, Methionine metabolism, Tricarboxylic acid cycle, and Androgen and estrogen metabolism. The findings are helpful to reveal the mechanism of KFC protects CKD, and to provide a new strategy for recovery renal function in hemodialysis patients.

Evaluation of indeterminate pulmonary nodules is a complex challenge. Most are benign but frequently undergo invasive and costly procedures to rule out malignancy. A plasma protein classifier was developed that identifies likely benign nodules that can be triaged to CT surveillance to avoid unnecessary invasive procedures. The clinical utility of this classifier was assessed in a prospective–retrospective analysis of a study enrolling 475 patients with nodules 8–30 mm in diameter who had an invasive procedure to confirm diagnosis at 12 sites. Using this classifier, 32.0 % (CI 19.5–46.7) of surgeries and 31.8 % (CI 20.9–44.4) of invasive procedures (biopsy and/or surgery) on benign nodules could have been avoided. Patients with malignancy triaged to CT surveillance by the classifier would have been 24.0 % (CI 19.2–29.4). This rate is similar to that described in clinical practices (24.5 % CI 16.2–34.4). This study demonstrates the clinical utility of a non-invasive blood test for pulmonary nodules. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00408-015-9800-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Introduction Indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPNs) lack clinical or radiographic features of benign etiologies and often undergo invasive procedures unnecessarily, suggesting potential roles for diagnostic adjuncts using molecular biomarkers. The primary objective was to validate a multivariate classifier that identifies likely benign lung nodules by assaying plasma protein expression levels, yielding a range of probability estimates based on high negative predictive values (NPVs) for patients with 8 to 30 mm IPNs. Methods A retrospective, multicenter, case-control study was performed using multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry, a classifier comprising five diagnostic and six normalization proteins, and blinded analysis of an independent validation set of plasma samples. Results The classifier achieved validation on 141 lung nodule-associated plasma samples based on predefined statistical goals to optimize sensitivity. Using a population based nonsmall-cell lung cancer prevalence estimate of 23% for 8 to 30 mm IPNs, the classifier identified likely benign lung nodules with 90% negative predictive value and 26% positive predictive value, as shown in our prior work, at 92% sensitivity and 20% specificity, with the lower bound of the classifier's performance at 70% sensitivity and 48% specificity. Classifier scores for the overall cohort were statistically independent of patient age, tobacco use, nodule size, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease diagnosis. The classifier also demonstrated incremental diagnostic performance in combination with a four-parameter clinical model. Conclusions This proteomic classifier provides a range of probability estimates for the likelihood of a benign etiology that may serve as a noninvasive, diagnostic adjunct for clinical assessments of patients with IPNs.

The finite element calculation method was used and the principal stresses distribution in the asphalt pavement was analyzed. The damage index of the pavement structure is defined as asphalt pavement potential damage index(APPDI) based on the Drucker-Prager criterion, and the APPDI as the pavement structure damage index are applied. The results show that: (1) The most dangerous nodes of this example model appeared between rounds from the edge of round about 0 to 2cm and the place beneath the tire. The composition of the principal stresses are tensile and compression stress.(2) Failure modes are rutting and Bottom-up which are caused by tension-compression composite shear stress.

With the strengthening of interconnected power grid connection, interval oscillation mode damping continue to improve, interval power oscillation accidents still occur, however, the negative damping mechanism of the classic cannot be satisfactorily explain these phenomena, this paper provides the researches forced oscillation mechanism of the low frequency oscillation, the speed control system is likely to form the forced oscillation source, speed regulation system and low frequency oscillation formed an adverse coupling effect. In this paper, based on the mechanism of their method, speed control system are analyzed, the effect of various parameters on the low frequency oscillation in order to avoid speed regulation system to participate in the low frequency oscillation provides technical support.

Covalent–organic frameworks (COFs) are intriguing platforms for the molecular design of porous skeletons with special functionality. We predict a novel class of narrow bandgap COFs, i.e., (X4Y)(O2B–C12H6–BO2)3, (X = C/Si; Y = C–Pb), featuring strong visible and infrared optical activity. The small band gaps are due strong π-conjugation in the organic linker. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the band gap is almost constant at 0.7 eV for whole series of materials. The corresponding threshold adsorption wavelength varies from 1600 to 1700 nm in the near infrared region. The estimated bulk moduli range from 18.0 to 22.6 GPa, significantly larger than that of MOF-5 (ca. 15.4 GPa). This indicates high mechanical stability of the frameworks. Large negative values of formation enthalpy (−20 to −52 kJ mol−1) show high thermodynamic stability. We also investigate an easier to fabricate metal–organic framework material (Zn4O)(O2B–C12H6–BO2)3 using the same linkers, which also shows interesting narrow bandgap behavior. These novel IR-active materials may have potential applications in organic light-emitting devices, chemical and biological sensing, hybrid solar cells, or electroluminescence.

Community structure in social network has an overlapping property from where people can find a lot of valuable information by community detection. It will help users to make accurate and valuable judgments as well as decisions. However, the increasing amount of information has led to difficulties for traditional technology to meet the requirement of big data processing. In order to effectively process data in large-scale network, a multi-label propagation algorithm for community detection has been implemented by using BSP parallel model. This algorithm combines the idea of LPA and COPRA. It finds out communities with active Weibo users, and then uses these communities as labels to perform label propagation. In the end, it classifies the remaining users’ communities. The algorithm solves LPA’s problems of instability and low accuracy. Its effectiveness and efficiency were tested and verified by using data from Weibo network.

Under the background of energy saving and low-carbon economy in our country, it is the inevitable choice to develop new forms of renewable energy generation with great efforts and adjust the power structure for the power industry to respond positively to the national policy and fulfill their social responsibilities. So we need to study how to improve the phenomenon of wind power curtailment and solar power curtailment and to enhance the level of new energy consumption. This paper introduced the captive power plant into power generation transactions. And let the new energy companies buy generation right from enterprise-owned power plant to improve the phenomenon of wind power curtailment and solar power curtailment. On this basis, we design clearing processes and alternative processes of new energy to replace owned power plant and measure corresponding interests of all parties.

It is estimated that over 1.5 million lung nodules are detected annually in the United States. Most of these are benign but frequently undergo invasive and costly procedures to rule out malignancy. A risk predictor that can accurately differentiate benign and malignant lung nodules could be used to more efficiently route benign lung nodules to non-invasive observation by CT surveillance and route malignant lung nodules to invasive procedures. The majority of risk predictors developed to date are based exclusively on clinical risk factors, imaging technology or molecular markers. Assessed here are the relative performances of previously reported clinical risk factors and proteomic molecular markers for assessing cancer risk in lung nodules. From this analysis an integrated model incorporating clinical risk factors and proteomic molecular markers is developed and its performance assessed on a subset of 222 lung nodules, between 8mm and 20mm in diameter, collected in a previously reported prospective study. In this analysis it is found that the molecular marker is most predictive. However, the integration of clinical and molecular markers is superior to both clinical and molecular markers separately. Clinical Trial Registration: Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov ({"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT01752101","term_id":"NCT01752101"}}NCT01752101).

This paper estimates the static strength of a certain type of cooling fan designed by a company in the rotating speed of 1260 rpm and 1380 rpm, evaluates static strength according to the cooling fan’s permissible stress in F state and T1 state, estimates the fatigue strength according to the operation load of cooling fan suffering from different direction when locomotive running and evaluates the cooling fan fatigue life according to the IIW standard. Static strength and fatigue strength calculation using ANSYS companies in the United States commercial version of the ANSYS software to complete.

Signal transmission attenuation characteristics of low voltage power distribution network is an important factor must be considered by the power line communication system design. The effects of power line network on the power line communication channel attenuation are studied, including cable cross-sectional area, length and T network structure. With the experimental and simulation results, the relationship between low voltage power line cable length, the network structure and the power line communication channel attenuation is analyzed.

(minimum 200words, maximum 300-500words) The solid expandable tubular technology is one of the most important ones which play key role in 21st century’s oil drilling industry. The expandable thread connection is one of the key factor of the technology which decide the success or failure of expansion casing site construction. Finite element simulation can help analyze the feasibility effectively on expandable casing thread connection structure design and save a lot of material and financial resources. According to a special expansion casing thread which with single hook thread characteristics, metal seal cylinder and seal ring, this paper use the finite element simulation analysis method to learn the stress, strain and displacement being occurred in thread connection during the process of expansion. The finite element simulation analysis results shown that the wall thickness decreased about 0.66mm after the expansion, the maximum stress of expandable casing connection during expansion was 494 MPa which between the yield stress(ss= 380MPa) and ultimate strength(sb= 650MPa) of the casing material, the most dangerous place of thread connection was the roots of thread, there was gapless between contact surfaces of the messing thread with contact pressure during the expansion, and the rubber sealing ring kept the state with the minimum 4.64 MPa compress stress during the expansion. Through the simulation, It can come to a conclusion that the special thread structure could meet the expected connection and seal function effectively during the expansion process, which provides an important basis for the following thread processing and expansion test.

According to the power dedicated collection methods to large enterprise customers, special transformer remote data acquisition and alarm systems is proposed in this paper. A high precision signal acquisition module, DSP digital signal processor, Siemens GPRS module, VC + + software, MySQL database, used to design a comprehensive data acquisition and alarm system. The system can be used for data acquisition and remote communication special transformer operation. System software can provide real-time monitoring, special transformers, and an alarm sound and light. The operator can monitor, reactive power compensation, according to the TOU and load adjustment power factor adjustment to the business to conserve electricity. The system is proved to be reliable and stable.

As onshore quality wind resource is drained, it has come into the era that offshore wind power is the most promising field in wind power industry. The key technology and development trend of power prediction, condition monitoring, integration mode, system characteristic and other aspects, is summarized in the paper. The latest technology of integration topology and the unique technology of offshore wind power are focused on, and the development prospect and technology trend about offshore wind power are discussed and expected.

Liu-Shen-Wan (LSW), an ancient preparation used to treat localized infection with pain, was recently reported to possess anticancer activity. The mechanism responsible for LSW's analgesic and anticancer activity is unclear. In the present study, we obtained a LSW supernatant (LSWS) fraction from ultrasound-assisted ethanol extraction (yield 15.9%) which proved to be safer than LSW in terms of hepatotoxicity. The LSWS (1 and 10 µg/mL) exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on the bradykinin-evoked rapid release of substance P from dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells. At concentrations of 0.1 µg/mL and higher, the LSWS resulted in a concentration-related growth inhibitory effect on HepG2, a representative cancer cell lines. The LSWS significantly down-regulated the neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor expression in both HepG2 and bradykinin-treated DRG cells. In addition to the NK-1 receptor-dependent growth inhibition in HepG2 cells (0.1-100 µg/mL), the LSWS induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis at a higher concentration (1-100 µg/mL). In conclusion, we recently isolated a safer LSW fraction which maintained its analgesic and anticancer activity, and found that the substance P/NK-1 receptor system was partly responsible for these effects. Our findings will be useful for developing more effective and less toxic LSW preparations.

It is estimated that over 1.5 million lung nodules are detected annually in the United States. Most of these are benign but frequently undergo invasive and costly procedures to rule out malignancy. A risk predictor that can accurately differentiate benign and malignant lung nodules could be used to more efficiently route benign lung nodules to non-invasive observation by CT surveillance and route malignant lung nodules to invasive procedures. The majority of risk predictors developed to date are based exclusively on clinical risk factors, imaging technology or molecular markers. Assessed here are the relative performances of previously reported clinical risk factors and proteomic molecular markers for assessing cancer risk in lung nodules. From this analysis an integrated model incorporating clinical risk factors and proteomic molecular markers is developed and its performance assessed on a previously reported prospective collection of lung nodules that enrolled 475 patients from 12 sites with lung nodules between 8 and 30mm in diameter. In this analysis it is found that the molecular marker is most predictive. However, the integration of clinical and molecular markers is superior to both clinical and molecular markers separately.Clinical Trial Registration: Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01752101).

Ethnopharmacological relevance Gynura procumbens is applied topically for the treatment of traumatic injuries in South China. Materials and methods This study was conducted to identify the active ingredients in the essential oils from Gynura procumbens (GPEO) by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC–MS) and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects in vivo and in vitro. Results A reduction in dswelling and pain were observed in mice treated with GPEO or its active ingredients (α-pinene, 3-carene, and limonene) compared with mice treated with a solvent control. GPEO or its three active ingredients had potent pharmacological effects on COX-2 overexpression and LPS-induced migration of Raw264.7 macrophages. All three ingredients inhibited nociceptive stimulus-induced inflammatory infiltrates and COX-2 overexpression, which could be responsible for the anti-inflammatory effect of GPEO. However, only 3-carene produced an antinociceptive effect. Conclusion Consistent with the traditional usage in Southern China, GPEO may serve as a promising potent external therapeutic agent for the treatment of chronic pain.

There are some coupling methods based on Finite Element Method and some other numerical methods, such as Infinite Element Method, Boundary Element Method, Finite Difference Method, etc. But these methods have their own limitations on simulation the foundation. For overcome these disadvantages, a coupling method is presented in this paper, which be proposed to analyze the effect of soil - foundation on seismic response of structures. In this coupling method, the structure and the surrounding soil are simulated with Finite Element method, and the other part of the soil with Explicit Finite Element - Finite Difference Method. Compared to other coupling methods, it is more flexible and its calculation amount is acceptable. The accuracy and effectiveness of the coupling method have been verified through Numerical experiment in this paper.

Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) are often required to have special characteristics in concrete applications. Related and Urgent message should be sent First (RUF) is a typical scenario in many applications of WSN. In this paper, we focus on presenting a MAC protocol for RUF applications in WSN. First of all, through analysis, some concrete cases of RUF scenario are listed, from which 4 common requirements of MAC protocols are summed up. Then a novel RUF-MAC is devised to meet these requirements. By modifying the frame structure of IEEE 802.15.4 standards, new algorithms are presented for the assignment and adjustment of time slots, of which some measures are introduced into RUF-MAC, such as sub-frames competition, priority assignment and adaptive period adjustment. The simulation results of data from RUF scenario show that the performance of RUF-MAC is better than that of other MAC protocols for WSN in RUF scenario.

The axial symmetric model has been widely used in the research and design of spiral case structure in hydraulic power station due to its convenience, however, instead of a continuous entity, the fixed guide vanes are discretely distributed around the vertical axis of the unit, and there are some different opinions on the simulation techniques for the fixed guide vane in the existing research. Commonly used processing methods for fixed guide vanes in the spiral case axial symmetry model are summarized and two new simulation techniques on the basis of existing research are proposed. Static analyses for a practical spiral case with cushion layer are conducted using 4 axial symmetry models and a 3-D FEM model. The influences of simulation techniques for fixed guide vanes on the stress and their distribution of steel liner, concrete and fixed guide vanes are investigated. The rationality and applicability of each simulation technique for fixed guide vanes are discussed.

In this paper, X-ray computed tomography was applied to obtain the aggregate images of asphalt concrete sample. Fourier analysis was utilized to describe the surface characteristics of the aggregates. With complex Fourier series function, the shape of the aggregates was quantified. The results indicate that Fourier morphological analysis can be used to mathematically represent the shape of particles in 2D micromechanical simulation of asphalt concrete.

Structure, electronic property, aromaticity and vibrational frequency of medium-sized Au-doped germanium clusters were systematically explored using the density-functional theory (DFT) in conjunction with the LanL2DZ basis set. Our results show that the endohedrally Au-doped cagelike structures are energetically preferred. The p- and d-states in endohedral Au atom mainly contribute to the chemical bonding at around −6.5 and −10.6 eV for the AuGe10 and AuGe12 clusters. Moreover, the cage aromaticity appears to be an important determination of the electronic stability of the two clusters, reflected by negative nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS) values. The theoretical work will be useful and helpful for the understanding in the further application, i.e., cluster-assembled optoelectronic nanomaterials.

Background Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently received wide attention as key molecules that mediate a variety of physiological and pathological processes by regulating gene expression; however, knowledge of lncRNAs in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is limited. Thus, we investigated the lncRNA expression profile in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) from patients with RA and explored the function of abundantly expressed lncRNAs. Methods LncRNA and mRNA microarrays were performed to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs in RA FLSs compared with normal FLSs. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to validate the results, and correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between these aberrantly expressed lncRNAs and clinical characteristics. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to evaluate the diagnostic value of the lncRNAs identified. Results According to the gene expression profiles, 135 lncRNAs were differentially expressed between RA and normal FLSs. Furthermore, qPCR data showed that lncRNA ENST00000483588 was up-regulated and that three lncRNAs (ENST00000438399, uc004afb.1, and ENST00000452247) were down-regulated in RA FLSs. The expression level of ENST00000483588 was positively correlated with the level of C-reactive protein and the Simplified Disease Activity Index score. Moreover, the areas under the ROC curve were 0.85, 0.92, 0.97, and 0.92 for ENST00000483588, ENST00000438399, uc004afb.1, and ENST00000452247, respectively. Conclusions The results indicate that the dysregulation of ENST00000483588, ENST00000438399, uc004afb.1, and ENST00000452247 may be involved in the pathological processes of RA and that these lncRNAs may have potential value for the diagnosis and assessment of the disease activity of RA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-016-1129-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Graphene has been proved to be a promising candidate nanomaterial for tunable electronics. In this paper, a novel tunable terahertz resonator is proposed based on an electrically biased intercalation doped-multilayer graphene ribbon (ID-MGR). The induced self-heating effect is taken into account. Then, the equivalent circuit parameters are predicted. The resonant frequencies and Q-factors of the resonator are calculated with the equivalent single conductor (ESC) model. By properly selecting the geometry of the ID-MGR resonator and applying a biasing voltage of 1.0 V, a tuning ratio up to 21.2% can be achieved with the unloaded Q-factor around 25 for the resonant frequency around 1 THz.