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Background: This study evaluated the effects of the Training-for-Transformation (TFT) program on tuberculosis (TB)/multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) in China. Method: Participants who received training from 2009 to 2017 ( n = 230) were invited to complete an online survey using a self-designed questionnaire. Results: A total of 130 (56.5%) trainees completed the survey for a valid response rate of 70% (91 of 130). All of the participants created a schedule and offered a TFT program on TB/MDR-TB for health care providers, clients, and communities by a variety of methods that included brainstorming, group work, and role-play, in addition to lectures. The most important supporting factors to train others were related to opportunity and managers' support, and the biggest barriers were lack of space and time. Trainees also made changes to practices that influenced the way nurses worked within their institution, infection control, team cooperation, extended care, and nurses' attitudes toward patients. Conclusion: The TFT program led to ongoing training provision and practical improvements, and can transform attitudes, practices, and changes in patient care. [ J Contin Educ Nurs . 2020;51(5):233–237.]

Urban and building morphologies, usually determined at the design stage, have been proven as important determinants of energy usage at later operational stages. However, questions remain regarding the identification of the key determinants that influence urban building energy usage. To address this, in this study, an urban building dataset of 539 residential buildings and 153 public buildings was used to extract the building morphology factors as the determinants. A principal component analysis was performed to identify the key determinants for three buildings groups—residential buildings, residential blocks, and public buildings. The results show that the key determinants for residential buildings are their orientation, ratio of obstruction height to the canyon width from the south and west directions, shape coefficient, perimeter-to-area ratio, and building aspect ratio. The key determinants for public buildings are similar to those for residential buildings with the exception of the ratio of the obstruction height to the canyon width from the south direction. The key determinants for residential blocks are the ratio of the obstruction height to the canyon width from the south and west directions, mass space proportion, building aspect ratio, and floor area ratio. The findings of this study provide insights into the key drivers of urban building energy usage and the strategies that could be used to improve urban energy planning.

Objective To evaluate the effects of yoga on exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), a rare cystic lung disease in women. Patients and methods This was a nonrandomized, controlled study conducted in Beijing, China (August 27, 2017 – April 26, 2018). Twenty-six participants were allocated to the intervention (yoga) group (n = 13) or control group (n = 13). The yoga intervention involved a 24-week program of yoga class training for 90 min once a week and no fewer than 2 at-home sessions per week (at least 15 min per session). The 6-min walking distance (6MWD), lung function, serum vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VEGF-D) levels, quality of life, and symptoms of anxiety and depression were measured at baseline, 12-week and 24-week follow-up. An incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test was conducted at baseline and the 24-week follow-up. Results Eleven patients completed the yoga training program. The yoga group exhibited improvements in the following outcomes versus those of the control group: 6MWD (+ 55 ± 29 m vs + 18 ± 49 m, P = 0.04), anaerobic threshold (3.4 ± 2.4 ml/min/kg vs 1.6 ± 1.4 ml/min/kg, P = 0.035) and peak work load (11.7 ± 14.6 W vs 0.2 ± 9.1 W, P = 0.027). There was no significant difference in peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), lung function, VEGF-D level, and quality of life between the yoga and control groups. No adverse effects were found in the yoga group. Conclusion Yoga is a feasible and safe intervention for pulmonary rehabilitation and potentially improves exercise capacity in patients with LAM. Trial registration (Clinical trial registration number at www.chictr.org.cn: ChiCTR-OON-1701274)

Nausea and vomiting are among the most common and distressing side effects of chemotherapy. Additional antiemetic drugs are urgently needed to effectively manage and ameliorate chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). The efficacy of ginger as an antiemetic modality for ameliorating CINV has not been established in previous studies. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of ginger, as an adjuvant drug to standard antiemetic therapy, in ameliorating acute and delayed CINV in patients with lung cancer receiving cisplatin-based regimens. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 140 patients with lung cancer receiving cisplatin-based regimens were enrolled and allocated to receive either ginger root powder or a placebo. Ginger root powder was administered orally (0.5 g, 2 capsules per day, 0.25 g per capsule, every 12 hours) for 5 days beginning on the first day of chemotherapy. The incidence and severity of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting were assessed using the MASCC (Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer) Antiemesis Tool (MAT). Adverse effects and patient adherence were also assessed in this study. No significant difference was observed between the ginger and control groups in the reduction of the incidence and severity of nausea and vomiting ( P > .05). No significant difference in adverse events was observed between the 2 groups ( P > .05). No study-treatment-related adverse events were observed in this study. As an adjuvant drug to standard antiemetic therapy, ginger had no additional efficacy in ameliorating CINV in patients with lung cancer receiving cisplatin-based regimens.

In order to solve the vicious circle of negative emotions caused by stress spreading in the family. This paper designs a lighting control system that reflects the user’s emotions in real time to assist users in managing emotions. The system establishes an emotion-color conversion model based on color psychology. Based on the Face++ face recognition cloud platform, the Raspberry Pi and Arduino form the hardware core for the overall design, hardware selection and software programming of the lighting control system. The system collects the user’s facial image and uploads the image to the cloud platform, and then the cloud platform performs face recognition on the image. The recognized face parameters are returned to the system. Then according to the emotion-color conversion model, the face parameters are converted into light parameters. Finally, the system transforms the light according to the light parameters, so that it realizes the effect of transforming the light color according to the facial expression of the user, and plays a role in supporting the management of emotions.

With the wide application of LED lighting products in road lighting, there are more and more requirements for illumination measurement. Traditional road illumination measurement uses full manual method, which takes a long time, but the amount of data collected is small, which easily leads to inadequate measurement accuracy, and the full manual measurement method cannot guarantee the personal safety of the surveyors. Therefore, the development and design of an intelligent car can accurately and quickly detect the illumination of street lamp and road surface. The design of this intelligent car is based on cloud server. The hardware core is composed of Raspberry pie and Arduino. Through Arduino management and scheduling illuminance measurement module, GPS positioning module and wireless remote control module, the measured data are packaged and sent to the cloud server through Raspberry pie for data storage and analysis in real time. Finally, the data are stored and analyzed through the visual window. The test results were displayed. Compared with the traditional road lighting detection method, the illumination detection method based on intelligent car can improve the detection efficiency, increase the data accuracy and ensure the safety of the inspectors.

BackgroundThe Tibetan hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum), also called “Qingke” in Chinese and “Ne” in Tibetan, is the staple food for Tibetans and an important livestock feed in the Tibetan Plateau. The Tibetan hulless barley in China has about 3500 years of cultivation history, mainly produced in Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan and other areas. In addition, Tibetan hulless barley has rich nutritional value and outstanding health effects, including the beta glucan, dietary fiber, amylopectin, the contents of trace elements, which are higher than any other cereal crops.FindingsHere, we reported an improved high-quality assembly of Tibetan hulless barley genome with 4.0 Gb in size. We employed the falcon assembly package, scaffolding and error correction tools to finish improvement using PacBio long reads sequencing technology, with contig and scaffold N50 lengths of 1.563Mb and 4.006Mb, respectively, representing more continuous than the original Tibetan hulless barley genome nearly two orders of magnitude. We also re-annotated the new assembly, and reported 61,303 stringent confident putative protein-coding genes, of which 40,457 is HC genes. We have developed a new Tibetan hulless barley genome database (THBGD) to download and use friendly, as well as to better manage the information of the Tibetan hulless barley genetic resources.ConclusionsThe availability of new Tibetan hulless barley genome and annotations will take the genetics of Tibetan hulless barley to a new level and will greatly simplify the breeders effort. It will also enrich the granary of the Tibetan people.

In order to reduce the switching frequencies of power semiconductors and then to increase the efficiency in a three-phase four-wire inverter, the state controllability of a system is investigated by considering the inverter as a switched linear system. It is found that a three-phase four-wire inverter is a three-mode controllable, therein, only three non-zero vectors are required to make the system completely state controllable. With the three operating modes, a novel control strategy, called a three-mode pulse-width modulation (3-MPWM), is proposed in this study. There are three types of 3-MPWMs, that is, 3-MPWM(I), 3-MPWM(II) and 3-MPWM(III). Compared with the conventional space-vector pulse width modulation strategy, the switching frequencies of the proposed 3-MPWMs are significantly reduced by two-thirds, hence, the switching losses of the power semiconductors can be reduced and the efficiency of the inverter can be improved. In addition, the number of operating modes used in 3-MPWM(I) and 3-MPWM(II) is reduced by a half. Finally, simulation and experimental results are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the 3-MPWM strategies.

Ying Qin, Wei Liu, Songbai Lin, Xiangfeng Li International Medical Services, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Aim: This study was designed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of bowel preparations with and without the higher first-dose volume of polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution or exercise after drinking PEG solution in Chinese people. Methods: A total of 330 participants who had a colonoscopy done in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were randomly and evenly assigned to three groups. Participants in GroupA ingested 1 L PEG solution and then ingested 2 L PEG solution at a rate of 250 mL every 15 minutes. Participants in Group B ingested 3 L PEG solution at a rate of 250 mL every 15minutes and then exercised more than 10 minutes after ingesting each liter of PEG solution. Participants in Group C ingested 3 L PEG solution at a rate of 250 mL every 15 minutes. Experienced gastrointestinal endoscopists rated the efficacy of bowel preparations based on the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale score. A questionnaire regarding participants’ symptoms associated with bowel preparations was administered to evaluate participants’ tolerability. Results: The three groups had insignificant difference in the percentages of participants’ symptoms including dizziness, nausea, stomach ache, bloating, and asthenia. However, the percentages of participants having hunger sensation, sleep disturbance, and anal discomfort were significantly higher in groups with the higher first-dose volume of PEG solution or exercise after drinking PEG solution than without them. The three groups had insignificant difference in the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale score. Conclusion: Whether to add the higher first-dose volume of PEG solution and exercise after drinking PEG solution or not, all participants achieved a similar quality of bowel preparations. Bowel preparations without the additional first-dose volume of PEG solution or exercise after drinking PEG solution showed the advantage of high participant tolerability. Keywords: bowel preparations for colonoscopy, efficacy, exercise, first-dose volume, polyethylene glycol, tolerability

To investigate the effects of acupressure on lower limb blood flow for the treatment of peripheral arterial occlusive diseases (PAOD).From February 2004 to February 2005, 30 patients with stage II PAOD underwent measurements of the lower limb blood flow. Six patients (group A) were assigned as controls without any acupoint stimulation, while 24 (group B) underwent stimulation at acupoints by acupressure. The acupoints Yanglingquan (GB34), Zusanli (ST36), Yinlingquan (SP9), and Sanyinjiao (SP6) of the symptomatic lower limbs were stimulated for 3 min. Transcutaneous oximetry (tcPO2) was used to determine the blood flow of the chest wall, bilateral distal crura, and bilateral dorsa of the foot before and during the stimulations at the acupoints.Group A showed no significant change in the lower limb blood flow. In group B, the tcPO2 values of chest wall, bilateral distal crura, and the dorsum of foot of the stimulated lower limb increased significantly during acupressure (P0.01), whereas no significant change was shown in the dorsum of the foot of the non-stimulated lower limb. Moreover, the blood flow of the lower limbs that had undergone an ipsilateral sympathectomy increased significantly (P0.01).Acupressure was found to cause significant increases in the lower limb blood flow of stage II PAOD patients. This treatment modality may therefore be effective for improving the symptoms of such patients.

The topology of modular multilevel converters (MMC) is investigated in this paper. First, single phase half bridge inverter with split wound coupled inductors was studied, it was found that more voltage levels can be generated by using split wound coupled inductors. Therefore, new MMC topology was proposed by the analysis result, therein, two more diodes were used for each arm, and split wound coupled inductors were applied to the modular multilevel converter (MMC) to replace the current-limiting inductors. The theoretic analysis and simulation results have verified that, the number of the voltage levels of modular multilevel inverter has increased from n levels to 2n−3 levels, thus slew rate of the voltage (dv/dt) was suppressed and the total harmonic distortion (THD) was reduced.

The collective dynamics under different coupled strengths in the coupled synchronous reluctance motor drives is presented in this paper. With variation of the coupled strengths, the coupled system exhibits rich dynamical phenomena such as amplitude death, periodic anti-synchronization and complete synchronization. By the amplitude death the coupled synchronous reluctance motor drives can be stabilized into the equilibrium. The attracting regimes of the coupled system are studied. The attracting behaviors with different initial conditions are analyzed. Due to the coexistence of multiple attractors, the coupled system can be controlled to different fixed points under different initial conditions. The multiplicity of the operation of the coupled system is enriched. The secure operation of the coupled drives can also be maintained.

Connected to high-voltage power system directly, electrified railway is a particular user to power system, and its loads have the characteristics such as non-liner, asymmetry and volatility and so on. Researched on Chunshen traction substation which belongs to Shanghai-Hangzhou Electrified Railway, and accorded to the requirements and characteristics of comprehensive management to harmonics, reactive power and negative sequence currents in electrified railway, this paper proposes a novel Multilevel Power Quality Compensator (MPQC). This novel MPQC is composed of two single-phase cascaded inverters by sharing the DC capacitors. Each cascaded inverter is made of two cascaded H-bridge inverters and the ratio of the DC voltage is 3:1, then, connects to traction power system via grid-transformer. By analyzing the working principle of the MPQC, researching the Multilevel Direct Pulse Width Modulation (MDPWM) method, this work presented multilevel inverter control strategy based on energy balance. Simulation and Experimental results proved this novel MQPC was reliable, could compensate the both feeders in traction power system simultaneously, and also could manage the power quality of the electrified railway comprehensively to achieve satisfactory compensation effects.

Nowadays, photovoltaic power systems are widely accepted due to the worldwide energy shortage. To attain near sinusoidal outputs of the grid-connected photovoltaic system, improve the power quality, and decrease the energy loss, this work presents a novel Photovoltaic Grid-connected Power Conditioner (PVPC) system based on a hybrid multilevel inverter. In the proposed structure, each phase of the inverter is composed of two H-bridge converters, and the two converters are connected by two grid transformers to generate 9 voltage levels. The PVPC is integrated with reactive power compensation and active power, in this way, PVPC not only can provide active power and reactive power, but also can improve the power quality in the power system. Then, a Space Vector Pulse-width Modulation (SVPWM) is employed in this work, this method can solve the application shortage of hybrid PWM method. At last, simulation results on a 380V/13KW laboratory are presented to validate the proposed PVPC system.

This paper describes the logic built-in self-test (BIST) architecture for test and diagnosis of ASIC devices at the system level. The proposed architecture supports the at speed staggered launch-on-capture clocking scheme and includes novel features to further increase the device’s defect coverage, place-and-route ability, ease of debug and diagnosis, and reduce test power consumption. These features include equivalent clock merging for routing considerations, programmable shift modes for overheat considerations, configurable capture modes for yield loss and IR-drop considerations, as well as BIST signature diagnosis, masked-chain diagnosis, and one-chain diagnosis at the system level. Experimental results have successfully demonstrated the feasibility of using the proposed features for system-level test and diagnosis.

In industry, chips become more and more complicated as advancing in deep submicron silicon process technology. LBIST can cover some newly emerging faults missed by traditional ATPG. That's why LBIST is becoming more and more popular. Besides launching LBIST through TAP interface, CPU launch LBIST feature may provide more flexibility for system-level or product testing and debugging. System engineer can easily kick-off LBIST with CPU interface instead of TAP.

With the test on the characteristics of photovoltaic arrays, we can assess the performance of photovoltaic arrays effectively. Its help to the research and development of photovoltaic system. The paper introduces the testing technology of photovoltaic arrays and proposes an algorithm to predict the characteristics of photovoltaic arrays. Using this algorithm method the curve which shows the characteristics of photovoltaic arrays can be established according to the field-testing data under arbitrary temperature and irradiation. The testing technology helps to reflect the actual condition of the photovoltaic arrays.

Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate Chinese nurses' perception of risk factors for phlebitis. Methods A convenience sample of hospital nurses was recruited in Beijing, China. Data were collected using a demographic information questionnaire and a questionnaire measuring nurses' perception of risk factors for infusion phlebitis. Results It was found that knowledge of risk factors for infusion phlebitis was incomplete, even among experienced nurses in the study participants. A high rate of incorrect answers to questions about the pH of fluid (89.9%), gauze or polyurethane catheter dressings (79.1%), and steel needles for drug infusion (76.3%) was observed. Conclusions These findings suggest that nurses should be trained about the risk factors for infusion phlebitis.