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Although the use of audio feedback with devices such as metronomes during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a simple method for improving CPR quality, its effect on the quality of pediatric CPR has not been adequately evaluated. In this study, 64 healthcare providers performed CPR (with one- and two-handed chest compression (OHCC and THCC, respectively)) on a pediatric resuscitation manikin (Resusci Junior QCPR), with and without audio feedback using a metronome (110 beats/min). CPR was performed on the floor, with a compression-to-ventilation ratio of 30:2. For both OHCC and THCC, the rate of achievement of an adequate compression rate during CPR was significantly higher when performed with metronome feedback than that without metronome feedback (CPR with vs. without feedback: 100.0% (99.0, 100.0) vs. 94.0% (69.0, 99.0), p &lt, 0.001, for OHCC, and 100.0% (98.5, 100.0) vs. 91.0% (34.5, 98.5), p &lt, 0.001, for THCC). However, the rate of achievement of adequate compression depth during the CPR performed was significantly higher without metronome feedback than that with metronome feedback (CPR with vs. without feedback: 95.0% (23.5, 99.5) vs. 98.5% (77.5, 100.0), p = 0.004, for OHCC, and 99.0% (95.5, 100.0) vs. 100.0% (99.0, 100.0), p = 0.003, for THCC). Although metronome feedback during pediatric CPR could increase the rate of achievement of adequate compression rates, it could cause decreased compression depth.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is bringing about enormous changes in everyday life and today&rsquo, s society. Interest in AI is continuously increasing as many countries are creating new AI-related degrees, short-term intensive courses, and secondary school programs. This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the interrelationships among topics based on the understanding of various bodies of knowledge and to provide a foundation for topic compositions to construct an academic body of knowledge of AI. To this end, machine learning-based sentence similarity measurement models used in machine translation, chatbots, and document summarization were applied to the body of knowledge of AI. Consequently, several similar topics related to agent designing in AI, such as algorithm complexity, discrete structures, fundamentals of software development, and parallel and distributed computing were identified. The results of this study provide the knowledge necessary to cultivate talent by identifying relationships with other fields in the edutech field.

The principles of computer skills have been included in primary and secondary educated since the early 2000s, and the reform of curricula is related to the development of IT. Therefore, curricula should reflect the latest technological trends and needs of society. The development of a curriculum involves the subjective judgment of a few experts or professors to extract knowledge from several similar documents. More objective extraction needs to be based on standardized terminology, and professional terminology can help build content frames for organizing curricula. The purpose of this study is to develop a smart system for extracting terms from the body of computer science (CS) knowledge and organizing knowledge areas. The extracted terms are composed of semantically similar knowledge areas, using the word2vec model. We analyzed a higher-education CS standards document and compiled a dictionary of technical terms with a hierarchical clustering structure. Based on the developed terminology dictionary, a specialized system is proposed to enhance the efficiency and objectivity of terminology extraction. The analysis of high school education courses in India and Israel using the technical term extraction system found that (1) technical terms for Software Development Fundamentals were extracted at a high rate in entry-level courses, (2) in advanced courses, the ratio of technical terms in the areas of Architecture and Organization, Programming Languages, and Software Engineering areas was high, and (3) electives that deal with advanced content had a high percentage of technical terms related to information systems.

Aim This study was conducted to investigate the effect of resuscitation guideline terminology on the performance of infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Methods A total of 40 intern or resident physicians conducted 2-min CPR with the two-finger technique (TFT) and two-thumb technique (TT) on a simulated infant cardiac arrest model with a 1-day interval. They were randomly assigned to Group A or B. The participants of Group A conducted CPR with the chest compression depth (CCD) target of “approximately 4 cm” and those of Group B conducted CPR with the CCD target of “at least one-third the anterior-posterior diameter of the chest”. Single rescuer CPR was performed with a 15:2 compression to ventilation ratio on the floor. Results In both chest compression techniques, the average CCD of Group B was significantly deeper than that of Group A (TFT: 41.0 [range, 39.3–42.0] mm vs. 36.5 [34.0–37.9] mm, P = 0.002; TT: 42.0 [42.0–43.0] mm vs. 37.0 [35.3–38.0] mm, P < 0.001). Adequacy of CCD also showed similar results (Group B vs. A; TFT: 99% [82–100%] vs. 29% [12–58%], P = 0.001; TT: 100% [100–100%] vs. 28% [8–53%], P < 0.001). Conclusions Using the CCD target of “at least one-third the anterior-posterior diameter of the chest” resulted in deep and adequate chest compressions during simulated infant CPR in contrast to the CCD target of “approximately 4 cm”. Therefore, changes in the terminology used in the guidelines should be considered to improve the quality of CPR. Trial registration Clinical Research Information Service; cris.nih.go.kr/cris/en (Registration number: KCT0003486).

'Omni-shopper' typically decides to buy after getting information through online channels and then visit offline stores to directly experience. Therefore, offline stores should be transformed into hands-on stores that fit the latest trends in user's buying pattern. The Fast Fashion brand requires a large store because there are various types of products, and omni-shopper finds the product they prefer, verify it in the store where various product lines are displayed and uses the fitting room to find the products they want. However, in the course of actual store use, the purchasing process is delayed due to the reasons such as environmental characteristics of large stores and the queues due to the lack of fitting rooms. To solve the above problems, a store management system is required to provide real-time information about the situation that may occur in offline stores to omni-shoppers as well as employees. In this paper, we propose a store management system for improving the shopping process of omni-shoppers of SPA brands. The proposed system provides information on inventory and display location of real-time products, as well as the fitting room reservation management for offline stores with WebApp. Through the proposed system, we can anticipate the effect of improving the entire shopping process by reducing queues at the fitting area, identifying the quantity of products to wear and reducing the shopping delay caused by congestion in the fitting area. To validate the proposed system, the experiment confirmed that Arena simulations improved the time required for the shopping process to 15.7% over the previous one.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its relationships with socio-demographic and lifestyle-related factors in firefighters comparing it to general workers. METHODS Data from 257 Korean men career firefighters and 1064 Korean men workers were analyzed. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the prevalence of MS between firefighters (21.4%) and general workers (25.6%). We found that age and obesity were independent risk factors for MS in both firefighters and general workers. After adjusting for age and obesity, the risk for MS in firefighters was not significantly different from that in the most of occupational groups except sales workers. CONCLUSIONS About one-fifth of firefighters had MS showing a similar prevalence compared with general workers. Therefore continuous monitoring and preventive programs for MS are needed in firefighters.

This study focuses on ICT literacy competency that is an essential ability required for living in a modern information-based society. To analyze students' ICT literacy competency levels, the ICT literacy competency of 15,558 Korean middle school students was measured with results indicating that the percentages of excellent level, average level, basic level and below basic level based on the criteria set by experts were 6.3%, 31.4%, 57.7% and 4.5% respectively. In other words, the highest percentage consisted of the basic level. Second, as a result of producing a norm as a national standard for Korea and conducting analyses based on the norm, it was found that 3rd year students in 'small & medium cities' showed the highest level of ICT literacy competency. In relation to ICT literacy competency measured in various countries, this study suggested grounds for measuring the levels against an absolute standard and utilization of criteria for measuring relative levels. That is, this paper suggests that the purpose of a test should be explained clearly when an ICT literacy competency test is conducted.

Proposes a hybrid concurrency control scheme which can alleviate the effects of frequent disconnections and bandwidth limitations in mobile computing environments. If a transaction in a mobile host executes only read operations, our concurrency control scheme is the same as the optimistic concurrency control scheme based on the timestamp history. Otherwise, if it executes write operations, the write set has to be sent to a fixed host during the execution phase. If a disconnection from the mobile host occurs, the fixed host performs a pre-validation of the write set. As a result of this pre-validation, if conflicts are detected, the transaction is aborted. Otherwise, we use the locking method called "weak lock". Our scheme reduces the number of aborts and the validation time without message overheads.