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Objectives. We present a technique for determining whether to ligate or preserve accessory arteries in donor kidneys before implantation. Methods. Forty-three living-related donor kidneys in patients from January 2014 to February 2018 at our institution were included, all of which had dual arteries without the same stem. Among them, 19 cases of accessory arterial blood supply were evaluated using methylene blue (MB) perfusion, and accessory arteries supplying less than 10% of the total MB perfusion volume were ligated. The other 24 cases were assessed using a conventional method in which arteries with diameters less than 2 mm were ligated. The back-table surgical time, Doppler ultrasonography index, renal function and complications were compared between the 2 groups. Results. All patients underwent successful kidney transplantation. The back-table surgical time in the MB group was longer than that in the conventional group (42.70 ± 4.70 min vs 34.64 ± 5.30 min, P < .05). The serum creatinine level in the MB group was significantly lower than that in the conventional group 1 month after the operation (103.15 ± 19.26 μmol/L vs 119.17 ± 28.32 μmol/L, P < .05). No differences in the Doppler ultrasonography index or postoperative complications were noted. Conclusions. MB perfusion provides an easy and effective method to make decisions regarding arterial ligation and helps preserve renal function without increasing the number of complications after transplantation.

The work simulates the transport pipeline movement of the marine dynamic environment based on the computational fluid dynamics research method. The present work also studies the influence of the marine dynamic environment on the solid–liquid two-phase flow field in the pipeline. An experimental study on the hydraulic transport flow law of natural gas hydrate pipeline is performed on the experimental platform of deep-sea mining metallogenic system fluctuation. Results show a large disturbance of the transverse swing convection field of pipelines and a small influence of axial vibration. The flow field distribution characteristics in the conveyor pipeline are consistent with the steady-state working conditions when the amplitude of transverse oscillation is less than 0.5 m. When the oscillation amplitude is larger than 2 m, the vibration has a considerable influence on the solid-phase distribution, solid–liquid two-phase velocity, dynamic and static pressure, and pressure loss of the flow field in the conveying system. The flow field distribution is chaotic when the transverse oscillation period of the pipeline is small. This condition becomes highly evident when the oscillation amplitude is large.

Background The intestinal barrier integrity can be disrupted due to burn injury, which is responsible for local and systemic inflammatory responses. Anti-inflammation strategy is one of the proposed therapeutic approaches to control inflammatory cascade at an early stage. Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) plays a critical role in inflammatory diseases. However, the role of IL-17A in the progression of burn-induced intestinal inflammation is poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of IL-17A and associated pro-inflammatory cytokines that were deeply involved in the pathogenesis of burn-induced intestinal inflammatory injury, and furthermore, we sought to determine the early source of IL-17A in the intestine. Methods Mouse burn model was successfully established with infliction of 30% total body surface area scald burn. The histopathological manifestation, intestinal permeability, zonula occludens-1 expression, pro-inflammatory cytokines were determined with or without IL-17A-neutralization. Flow cytometry was used to detect the major source of IL-17A+ cells in the intestine. Results Burn caused intestinal barrier damage, increase of intestinal permeability, alteration of zonula occludens-1 expressions, elevation of IL-17A, IL-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), whereas IL-17A neutralization dramatically alleviated burn-induced intestinal barrier disruption, maintained zonula occludens-1 expression, and noticeably, inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines elevation. In addition, we observed that the proportion of intestinal IL-17A+Vγ4+ T subtype cells (but not IL-17A+Vγ1+ T subtype cells) were increased in burn group, and neutralization of IL-17A suppressed this increase. Conclusions The main original findings of this study are intestinal mucosa barrier is disrupted after burn through affecting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and a protective role of IL-17A neutralization for intestinal mucosa barrier is determined. Furthermore, Vγ4+ T cells are identified as the major early producers of IL-17A that orchestrate an inflammatory response in the burn model. These data suggest that IL-17A blockage may provide a unique target for therapeutic intervention to treat intestinal insult after burn.

Ureteral stent removal by an extraction string is advantageous. However, the increased risk of complications attributed to the continuous exposure of the string outside the urethra must be managed. This paper introduces a method to decrease the exposure time, and conducts a retrospective study to verify its efficiency and safety. A total of 231 male patients undergoing routine ureteroscopy (URS) were included, and all of them accepted indwelling ureteral stents with strings. Among them, 123 patients (Normal-S group) underwent the normal method to determine the length of string (Lstring), which was shortened to 4 cm (cm) past the urethral meatus; 108 patients (Novel-S group) underwent the novel method (Lstring = Lurethra + 2 cm), the length of urethra (Lurethra) was measured during ureteroscopy by ureteroscope body. The demographic characteristics, stent indwelling and removal-related variables, complications, and medical costs in each group were recorded. There was no significant difference in demographic characteristics, the rate of UTI, the operative duration of URS, or the VAS pain scores for stent removal between the 2 groups. For the Novel-S group, the stent dwelling time was longer, the self-rated discomfort and symptom, the stent dislodgement rate, the numbers of clinic or emergency visits and the overall medical cost post operation was lower in comparison with the Normal-S group, while the rate of removal of stents by hand was lower, the time for removing ureteral stents was longer. This novel method improved stenting comfort, avoided ureteral stent dislodgement, decreased complications, and lowered medical costs, it was safe and reliable and merits widespread application.

Mortise-and-tenon (M&ndash, T) joint is a traditional joint type commonly used in wood constructions and wood products. Bending moment capacity (BMC) is a critical criterion to evaluate the strength of the M&ndash, T joint. In order to design the M&ndash, T joint structure more rationally, many researchers have been devoted to studying on this topic. However, the factors influencing the BMC are too many to conduct comprehensive studies using experimental tests, especially for tenon size. In this study, the BMC and bending stiffness of the M&ndash, T joint were studied using a combination of finite element method (FEM) and response surface method to optimize the tenon size of the M&ndash, T joint. The results showed that (1) the proposed finite element model was capable of predicting BMC of M&ndash, T joints with the ratios of FEM to observed, ranging from 0.852 to 1.072, (2) the BMC and stiffness were significantly affected by tenon size, and tenon length had a more significant effect on BMC than tenon width, while the tenon width affected the bending stiffness more significantly, (3) the response surface model proposed to predict and optimize the BMC of the M&ndash, T joint relating to tenon length and tenon width was capable of providing an optimal solution, (4) it was recommended to make the ratio of tenon length to tenon width higher than 1 to get higher BMC of M&ndash, T joints. In conclusion, this study will contribute to reducing the cost of a huge amount of experimental tests by applying FEM and the response surface method to design M&ndash, T joint wood products.

Objectives Although mycophenolate mofetil-induced (MMF) effectively improves long-term graft survival, the gastrointestinal (GI) side effects due to MMF-induced GI barrier damage limit its use in clinic. Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) plays a crucial role in the intestinal protection and repair process. This study is designed to investigate the protective effect of KGF on MMF-induced intestinal mucosal barrier disruption and the potential mechanism. Methods Thirty adult male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to one of the following groups: the MMF group, the MMF + KGF group, and the control group (n = 10 in each group). Animals in the MMF group received MMF (500 mg/kg) by gavage once daily for 15 consecutive days; animals in the MMF + KGF group received MMF (500 mg/kg) by gavage and KGF (5 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection once daily for 15 consecutive days; and control mice were given an equal volume of vehicle during the 15-day experimental period. In each group, intestinal paracellular permeability, histopathological changes and shifts in tight junction (TJ) protein were evaluated; further, proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) were assessed, and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) were isolated and analyzed by flow cytometry. Results MMF caused intestinal mucosal injury, increased intestinal mucosal permeability, and altered expression of TJ protein. Moreover, MMF treatment inhibited IEC proliferation and increased apoptosis. MMF treatment resulted in a lower proportion of γδ+ T cells in IELs (γδ+ IELs). Conversely, concurrent administration of KGF with MMF effectively alleviated MMF-induced intestinal mucosal disruption, inhibited the increase in intestinal permeability, and maintained TJ protein expression. KGF also reversed the MMF-mediated inhibition of proliferation and promotion of apoptosis in IECs. In addition, KGF significantly enhanced the proportion of γδ+ IELs. Conclusion Our findings suggest that MMF induces intestinal epithelial barrier disruption in mice. KGF may play a protective role to ameliorate the disruption and provide a therapeutic intervention for gastrointestinal disorders induced by MMF.

Effects of tenon fit in its width direction on the tensile load-deflection behavior of T-shaped, round-end, mortise-and-tenon joints were investigated experimentally and analytically. Finite element method (FEM) 3D modeling technique as an analytical tool was used to model the tensile load-deformation behavior of T-shaped, round-end, mortise-and-tenon joints. Experimental results indicated that mean ultimate tensile loads and stiffness of evaluated mortise-and-tenon increased significantly as tenon fit increased from 0 to 0.2 mm with an increment of 0.1 mm. The measured glue-line thickness between mortise-andtenon contact surface was found to be a good indicator of tensile load resistance performance of mortise-andtenon joints evaluated in this study. FEM modeling technique was verified as a valid analytical tool for prediction of tensile load resistances of T-shaped, round-end, mortise-and-tenon joints.

The aim of this study is to build a new numerical model of a mortise-and-tenon joint based on the finite element method (FEM) considering glue line and friction coefficient to analyze the semi-rigid wood joint. Firstly, the friction coefficient, glue distributions and strengths of the mortise-and-tenon joint were determined by experimental methods. Secondly, these parameters were specified to a T-shaped mortise-and-tenon joint model to build a finite element model of joint by FEM. Finally, both withdrawal and bending load capacity of T-shaped specimens were investigated by experimental and numerical methods. The results showed that the testing methods used to determine the coefficient, distributions and strengths of the glued mortise-and-tenon joint were all effective enough to determine the mechanical properties of the wood mortise-and-tenon joint, and the finite element model of joint can be applied to analyze the semi-rigid mortise-and-tenon joint with consistency beyond 85%. These methods and finite element models will contribute to the analysis of wood products and wood constructions.

Objective To introduce our hybrid technique using an endo-Satinsky clamp and in situ cold perfusion for right-sided retroperitoneoscopic donor nephrectomy (RDN) and to investigate efficacy and safety compared with those standard right-sided RDN. Methods This retrospective study included 16 transplant donors who underwent right-sided RDN from January 2016 to January 2018. Donors received either hybrid RDN (n = 6) or standard RDN (n = 10). Perioperative outcomes, including operative time, estimated blood loss, warm ischemic time, hospital stay, length of renal vein obtained as well as postoperative renal function of their recipients were collected and compared between the hybrid RDN and standard RDN groups. Results Procedures were performed successfully in all 16 donors. The hybrid RDN group required longer operation times (135 vs 115 minutes), demonstrated increased blood loss (175 vs 140 mL), but shorter warm ischemic times (1.5 vs 5.5 minutes) and resulted in longer length of the procured renal vein (2.8 vs 1.7 cm) as compared with the standard RDN group. No difference in perioperative complication rates was witnessed between the 2 groups. Also, there were no significant differences in serum creatinine levels and glomerular filtration rates of recipients between the 2 groups at both postoperative day 3 and 1 month. Conclusion The hybrid RDN potentially extends the length of the right donor renal vein. The perioperative outcomes of hybrid RDN were comparable with those of the standard RDN. This hybrid technique can be a technically safe and feasible option for right kidney donation.

We demonstrate that a vectorial beam with a random polarization state can be used as the illumination source in a joint transform correlator configuration to encrypt and compress images. Illumination light featuring both space-variant phase and a space-variant polarization distribution can be generated using a common-path interferometric arrangement. A hybrid joint power spectrum is registered using an array of linear micro-polarizers that is closely attached to a charge-coupled device in the recording plane. Introduction of the vectorial beam into a security application enables simultaneous manipulation of multiple light wave parameters, which will significantly enlarge the key dimensions and key space of the cryptosystem. This vectorial optical cryptosystem may also provoke interest in probing optical vector encryption methods.

WenGang Hu, YaJun Song, Xiao Zhong, JiaYu Feng, PingXian Wang, ChiBing Huang Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China Abstract: Effective doctor–patient communication is essential for establishing a successful doctor–patient relationship and implementing high-quality health care. In this study, a novel urinary system-simulating physical model was designed and fabricated, and its content validity for improving doctor–patient communication was examined by conducting a randomized controlled trial in which this system was compared with photographs. A total of 240 inpatients were randomly selected and assigned to six doctors for treatment. After primary diagnosis and treatment had been determined, these patients were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group. Patients in the experimental group participated in model-based doctor–patient communication, whereas control group patients received picture-based communication. Within 30 min after this communication, a Demographic Information Survey Scale and a Medical Interview Satisfaction Scale (MISS) were distributed to investigate patients’ demographic characteristics and their assessments of total satisfaction, distress relief, communication comfort, rapport, and compliance intent. The study results demonstrated that the individual groups were comparable with respect to demographic variables but that relative to patients in the picture-based communication group, patients in the model-based communication group had significantly higher total satisfaction scores and higher ratings for distress relief, communication comfort, rapport, and compliance intent. These results indicate that the physical model is more effective than the pictures at improving doctor–patient communication and patient outcomes. The application of the physical model in doctor–patient communication is helpful and valuable and therefore merits widespread clinical popularization. Keywords: doctor–patient communication, doctor–patient relationship, model, urology

The roller cone bit is one of the most important rock breaking tools used in the oil–gas drilling industry. Its performance directly influences the drilling quality, efficiency and cost. As the world’s oil–gas resource exploration continuously developed, the drilling speed accelerated, accelerating the failure speed of the bearing. The roller cone bit’s service life was almost directly dependent on that of the bearing. In this paper, a bearing failure analysis, and an experimental research on the surface strengthening technology of the bearing with field applications etc. were carried out. The results showed that the bearing’s main failure modes included fracture, plastic deformation and wear. The main reasons were overload and uneven distribution of the load; elevated temperature due to friction caused property and structure change in material; wear increased the fit clearance between the bearing and the cone, increasing dynamic impact load etc. The bearing surface strengthening technology, employing plasma-arc surfacing DH-60 wear resistance alloy, could prolong the service life of the bearing. Experimental research and field tests showed that the wear and impact resistance of the enhanced bearing increased by 30% with an increased service life of 12% on average.

// Xiao Zhong 1 , Jiayu Feng 1 , Ya Xiao 1 , Pingxian Wang 1 , Qiming Fan 1 , Ronghua Wu 1 , Wengang Hu 1 and Chibing Huang 1 1 Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P. R. China Correspondence to: Chibing Huang, email: Philosopher123@outlook.com Keywords: uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase 2 family, UGT2B15 , prostate cancer, single-nucleotide polymorphism Received: October 25, 2016 Accepted: February 06, 2017 Published: April 24, 2017 ABSTRACT UGT2B15 (uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase 2B15) catalyzes the conversion of lipophilic C19 steroid androgens such as dihydrotestosterone (DHT) into water-soluble metabolites that can be excreted. Studies of the association between the UGT2B15 gene D85Y polymorphism and prostate cancer have yielded contradictory results. We therefore systematically searched in the PubMed, EMBASE, Science Direct/Elsevier, CNKI, and Cochrane Library databases, and identified six relevant studies with which to perform a meta-analysis of the relation between UGT2B15 D85Y polymorphism and prostate cancer risk. Our meta-analysis revealed a significant association between UGT2B15 D85Y gene polymorphism and prostate cancer in all genetic models (P

The optical elements’ maladjustment is a potential threaten in optical systems, thus, the transmission feature of laser beams passing through a misaligned optical system is widely studied. By using approximate expansion of circle diaphragm and generalized Huygens-Fresnel diffraction formula, a universal analytic expression is deduced for the flat-topped multi-Gaussian beams passing through a misaligned optical system with two-lens and two-diaphragm. The study on the propagating property of fundamental-mode Gaussian beams and a flat-topped multi-Gaussian beam is carried out accordingly. The expansion of complex Gauss function of misaligned optical circle diaphragm is given, as well as a group of new parameter values of the expansion of complex Gauss function. By using the new parameter values, the influence of disadjust parameters on output intensity distribution is analyzed numerically. The result shows that the diaphragms’ offset can make the beams offset or covered, and the second diaphragm influences more; the angle deflection of diaphragms can make light beams compressed in the deflection direction, and the first diaphragm influences more; the offset of the first lens can weaken light intensity in the same direction of the lens offset, and the offset of the second lens can weaken light intensity in the opposite direction of the lens offset; the angle deflection of the first lens can make light beams move to the opposite direction, and the angle deflection of the second lens has no influence; when all the diaphragms and the lenses are disadjust, the angle deflection of the first lens has a vital influence to the output intensity distribution.

Single-channel triple-band color night vision system is able to gain low-light color imagery. The core design idea of one-channel triple-band color night vision system is increasing a scanner than traditional low-light night vision system in the front of the image intensifier. The scanner is consisted of several filters which is used for dividing the emitted light or reflected light of the aim into three parts, R, G and B. Each part is taken a frame image respectively and then fused three frames into color imagery by Color Mapping Guidelines. The addition of filters makes the SNR of each frame image decreases, it means that images detail loss and gray value is low. To overcome this difficult, on the basis of three frame images fusion, a frame image of all band is added to fusion. Experimental results show that fused image which is fused by R, G, B and all band improve image brightness and detail information obviously through calculating the variance and entropy. This fused method is more conducive to the human eye.

Background Simulators have been widely used to train operational skills in urology, how to improve its effectiveness deserves further investigation. In this paper, we evaluated training using a novel transparent anatomic simulator, an opaque model or no simulator training, with regard to post-training ureteroscopy and cystoscopy proficiency. Methods Anatomically correct transparent and non-transparent endourological simulators were fabricated. Ten experienced urologists provided a preliminary evaluation of the models as teaching tools. 36 first-year medical students underwent identical theoretical training and a 50-point examination of theoretical knowledge. The students were randomly assigned to receive training with the transparent simulator (Group 1), the non-transparent simulator (Group 2) or detailed verbal instruction only (Group 3). 12 days after the training session, the trainees’ skills at ureteral stent insertion and removal were evaluated using the Uro-Scopic Trainer and rated on an Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) scale. Results The new simulators were successfully fabricated in accordance with the design parameters. Of the ten urologists invited to evaluate the devices, 100 % rated the devices as anatomically accurate, 90 % thought both models were easy to use and 80 % thought they were good ureteroscopy and cystoscopy training tools. The scores on the theoretical knowledge test were comparable among the training groups, and all students were able to perform ureteral stent insertion and removal. The mean OSATS scores of groups 1, 2 and 3 were21.83 ± 3.64, 18.50 ± 4.03 and 15.58 ± 2.23 points, respectively, (p = 0.001). Conclusions Simulator training allowed students to achieve higher ureteroscopic and cystoscopic proficiency, and transparent simulators were more effective than non-transparent simulators.

A compact simultaneous actively Q -switched and mode-locked eye-safe Raman laser employing Nd:KLu(WO 4 ) 2 as gain medium and BaWO 4 as Raman medium with high mode-locking repetition-rate is demonstrated. The picosecond first Stokes at 1549 nm based on the fundamental laser emission at 1355 nm is realized. With an absorbed pump power of 14.6 W and pulse repetition frequency of 20 kHz, a maximum output power of 1.4 W with the mode-locking pulse repetition rate of 1.6 GHz is obtained; the corresponding mode-locking pulse width is approximate 28 ps.

Objective To develop a simple minimally invasive method for ureteral stent removal that does not require cystoscopy or fluoroscopic guidance. Materials and Methods We developed a novel ureteral stent comprising the main body of a stent and an iron oxide–coated net that was woven of processed polyester sutures. The ureteral stent was retrieved by a magnetic retrieval catheter with small hooks on the neck surface. Detailed analysis of the necessary mechanical and magnetic properties was performed, and we conducted retrieval tests of the ureteral stent from a specially designed urinary system model. Results The breaking strength and Young modulus of the processed polyester sutures were 10.12 ± 0.30 N and 9143 ± 7 N/tex, respectively. Thermogravimetric tests showed that the iron (III) oxide powders on the processed sutures accounted for 23% of the total weight. The magnetization value of the magnetic retrieval catheter was 578 emu/g. The dissolution times of polyvinyl alcohol wrapped the net in saline or urine were 24.2 ± 2.0 and 23.6 ± 3.1 hours, respectively. All stents in both the experimental and the control groups were successfully removed from the specially designed urinary model. However, the retrieval time in the experimental group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (38.6 ± 12.6 vs 59 ± 15.7 seconds; P Conclusion Ureteral stent removal using a magnetic retrieval catheter with small capture devices is considered feasible. This technique is easy to learn and should be considered as suitable for use on an outpatient basis.

OTDR is used to test the fiber optic link attenuation, providing the attenuation details about the length, due to link the noise interference somewhere and signal mutations, cause OTDR test curve could distortion and failed to reflect attenuation characteristics of optical fiber. In this paper, the two kinds of typical OTDR detection signal events are simulated, through the use of wavelet decomposition and reconstruction realize noise elimination, improve curve dynamic range and introduce approximate entropy characterized quantitatively the chaos of the signal level, and the results show that by using the approximate entropy can be very good evaluation wavelet denoising degree.

According to the high-speed, continuous data acquisition of OTDR applied research based on FPGA. The data acquisition system will help improve the OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) signal to noise ratio, stability, reduce inter-code interference, Especially the implementation of the signal high-speed, continuous data processing capabilities.The program is the use of Altera Cyclone II series FPGA EP2C70F896C as the core processing chip,Full use of FPGA internal logic logic unit. Design of various modules to form OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) high-speed, continuous system schematic.To achieve OTDR data acquisition signal to noise ratio, stability, inter-symbol interference andimprove certain improvement.

An optical time domain reflectometer(OTDR) using appropriate encoding light pulses as probe signals can has much better performance than conventional OTDR , for example, improve the measure dynamic range but not reduce the resolution, reduce the required measurement time and so on. This paper present application study of one zero correlation window complementary coded sequence in OTDR, discussed the theoretical foundation of this method and introduced the method to change bipolar codes to unipolar codes, shown the Matlab simulation results at last.

An approach of in-situ measuring the complex response of a scene spatial light modulator which working in differential state was presented by using an image of Ronchi grating substituted for a concrete one. Its principle and testing method have been studied and a typical XGA2L11 spatial light modulator has been characterized. The scene image under complicated background has been edge enhanced by mapping the measurement results, and the correlation results showed that scene spatial modulator with the differential state can increase the SNR and PCE of correlation peak. The way could be wholly applied in Vander Lugt Correlator and has very strong practicability and effectiveness.

According to the imaging procedure an infrared picture include an object image, a background image and a noise image. The object image and the background image are main body of an infrared image; noise image is the disturbance on the main body. This paper discusses the infrared image quality from three aspects: information capacity, image detail and pseudo-s/n ratio, it has fine image quality in comparison.

This paper introduces some new methods for measuring parameters of the telescope system with CCD device such as OTF, parallax, diopter and so on. It doesn’t need man’s subjective judgment. The computer accomplishes the assignment to display, print and save the results automatically. So, these methods have some advantages: high accuracy, digital display, and autoimmunization. Basing on the mentioned theory analysis in the paper, we have realized the digitization checkout of a lot of parameters on same instrument.

In many industries there exist high temperature and nuclear radiation and poisonous gas in the production, so the robot technology is emerge, it's asked to make proper response to the objective change by vision. The research on the auto-tracking-technology of objective based on video frequency possesses important meaning. Matching of the correlation tracking is fit for the tracking ofobjective in the complicated background, the template matching method is used. The operation of the image matching is very greatly, not only need to choose the digit signal processor at a high-speed, but also need to distribute the work ofsoftware and hardware reasonably.

The principle of determining passive incident laser beam's space direction by use of linear array CCD deice and structural design of the system are analyzed theory and experiment show passive incident laser beam's space direction can be determined accurately and quickly.

A distortion correction method for a fisheye image is proposed based on the virtual small-field (SF) camera. The correction experiment is carried out, and a comparison is made between the proposed method and the conventional global correction method. From the experimental results, the corrected image by this method satisfies the law of perspective projection, and the image looks as if it was captured by an SF camera with the optical axis pointing at the corrected center. This method eliminates the phenomena of center compression, edge stretch, and field loss, and the image character is more obvious, which benefits the afterward target detection and information extraction.