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RESUMO Objetivo: Sistematizar as referências da literatura relacionadas à associação entre consumo de bebidas açucaradas não alcoólicas, leite e índice de massa corporal (IMC) em adolescentes. Fontes de dados: Realizou-se a pesquisa dos artigos nos portais PubMed (US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health) e BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde). Os descritores foram: adolescente, adulto jovem, bebidas, ingestão de líquidos, obesidade, sobrepeso, IMC e estado nutricional. Utilizaram-se os filtros: idade entre 10 e 19 anos e artigos em português e inglês, publicados entre 2011 e 2015. Síntese dos dados: Trinta estudos foram selecionados (22 transversais, 4 coortes, 1 ensaio clínico aleatório, 1 caso-controle e 1 quase experimental). Dos 20 estudos que abordaram bebidas açucaradas em geral, 55% encontraram associação entre consumo e aumento do IMC. Em relação aos estudos sobre a ingestão de refrigerantes, todos apresentaram associação entre consumo e aumento do IMC. Dos estudos sobre leite, somente um demonstrou associação entre consumo e aumento do IMC. Três artigos mostraram proteção entre consumo de leite e aumento do IMC, e três trabalhos não encontraram associação de seu consumo com aumento do IMC. Dezenove estudos possuíam amostras representativas e outros 20 declararam ter amostras aleatórias. Dos artigos com questionários, 84% eram validados. Conclusões: Verifica-se que não há consenso na literatura pesquisada sobre a associação entre consumo de bebidas açucaradas não alcoólicas, leite e IMC de adolescentes.

Introdução: Síndrome Metabólica (SM) é caracterizada por um conjunto de fatores que aumentam risco de doenças cardiovasculares relacionada à obesidade central e resistência à insulina. Os números de morbimortalidade e custos socioeconômicos aos serviços públicos de saúde são alarmantes e sua prevalência varia conforme critério de diagnóstico e público estudado. A população mundial possui prevalência de 25%, considerando os pacientes esquizofrênicos, a taxa de prevalência média de SM encontrada é 32,5%. A esquizofrenia é uma psicose crônica sem causa definida, uma doença multifatorial que aparece de forma lenta ou súbita e está relacionada a problemas de saúde, como dificuldade com autocuidado, processamento do pensamento, relações interpessoais, o que favorece isolamento social e dificulta o processo de reabilitação. Objetivos: Determinar a prevalência da síndrome metabólica (SM) em pacientes esquizofrênicos de acordo com os critérios internacionais de diagnóstico da NCEP/ATP/III e IDF. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico de caráter transversal e analítico. Foram coletados dados socioeconômicos, antropométricos, clínicos e bioquímicos. Para análise dos dados foram utilizadas medidas de frequência absolutas, relativas e multivariadas, e considerado o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A frequência da SM foi de 38,9 e 43,1%, NCEP/ATP/III e IDF respectivamente. As mulheres apresentaram maior presença da SM e alteração da circunferência da cintura que os homens. O grupo com SM demonstrou maior frequência quanto aos componentes individuais alterados em relação ao grupo sem SM. Conclusão: A frequência da SM e dos seus componentes individuais alterados foi alta, principalmente entre as mulheres.

Summary Introduction: Hypertension is a major public health problem in contemporary times and it has high prevalence throughout the world. Objective: To investigate the situation of Systemic Arterial Hypertension in schoolchildren aged 6 to 10 years in Divinópolis/MG-Brazil and associated factors. Method: This is a cross-sectional, epidemiological, descriptive and analytical study, whose population was children aged 6 to 10 years enrolled in public schools in Divinópolis-MG-Brazil. Data collection was conducted from October 2014 to May 2015. Multivariate linear regressions were used to test associations between blood pressure, socioeconomic, anthropometric, dietary and physical activity. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 15.2% in a sample of 284 children and mean values of systolic blood pressure of 101.7 (±13.2) mmHg and diastolic blood pressure of 66.0 (±11.2) mmHg. The body fat percentage showed significant differences between the genders, with 24.2 and 26.2%, respectively for boys and girls. Significant associations were made between blood pressure levels, body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage, consumption of yogurt, beef /chicken, beans, pizza, sandwich and some behaviors variables. Conclusion: The presented data show important aspects of school profile in the age range 6-10 years, especially related to the behavior of blood pressure. Resumo Introdução: A hipertensão arterial sistêmica representa um importante problema de saúde pública na contemporaneidade, pois tem alta prevalência em todo o mundo. Objetivo: Investigar a situação da hipertensão arterial sistêmica em escolares de 6 a 10 anos no município de Divinópolis, MG, Brasil e fatores associados. Método: Este estudo tem caráter epidemiológico de corte transversal, descritivo e analítico, cuja população foi de crianças de 6 a 10 anos matriculadas em escolas públicas municipais de Divinópolis, MG, Brasil. A coleta dos dados foi realizada no período de outubro de 2014 a maio de 2015. Regressões lineares e logísticas multivariadas foram utilizadas para testar associações entre pressão arterial, variáveis socioeconômicas, antropométricas, alimentares e atividade física. Resultados: A prevalência de hipertensão arterial foi de 15,2% em uma amostra de 284 crianças, cujos dados forneceram valores médio de pressão arterial sistólica de 101,7 (±13,2) mmHg e de pressão arterial diastólica de 66,0 (±11,2) mmHg. O percentual de gordura corporal apresentou diferenças significativas entre os sexos, sendo 24,2% e 26,2% de gordura corporal, respectivamente, para meninos e meninas. Foram encontradas associações significativas entre níveis pressóricos, peso corporal, índice de massa corporal, circunferência de cintura, percentual de gordura corporal, consumo de iogurte, carne bovina/frango, feijão, iogurte, pizzas, sanduíches e algumas variáveis comportamentais. Conclusão: Os dados apresentados revelam aspectos importantes relativos ao perfil de escolares na faixa etária de 6 a 10 anos, especialmente relacionados ao comportamento da pressão arterial.

Objective: To associate intra-abdominal fat thickness measured by ultrasonography to the factors related to metabolic syndrome and to determine cutoff points of intra-abdominal fat measurement associated with a greater chance of metabolic syndrome in adolescents. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, with 423 adolescents from public schools. Intra-abdominal fat was measured by ultrasonography. Anthropometric data were collected, and biochemical analyses were performed. Results: Intra-abdominal fat was measured by ultrasonography, showing a statistically significant association with the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (p = 0.037), body mass index (p

Metabolic Syndrome is highlighted in the current health mainly due to its increasing prevalence in the world. Its occurrence among adolescents ranges from 2.2% to 51.7%. This set of diseases, when acquired during childhood/adolescence, tends to persist into adulthood. This study aims to present the results of the latest publications that correlated ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging with the components of the Metabolic Syndrome in young people. Nine papers were found. Abdominal adipose accumulation has a strong influence on the metabolic disorders of MS, being measurable by imaging methods. It is of crucial importance to deepen the knowledge of the benefits brought by the imaging tests and their relationship with the components of the syndrome so that clinicians and radiologists can use these exams, especially in young people, where an accurate and early diagnosis allows interventions that will influence reducing the risk unfavorable outcomes in adult life. Keywords: Metabolic syndrome X; Intra-abdominal fat; Computed tomography; Magnetic resonance imaging; Ultrasonography Abbreviations: SM: Metabolic Syndrome; TM: Computer Tomography; RM: Magnetic Resonance Imaging; US: Ultrasonography; BVS: Health Virtual Library; CC: Waist Circumference; IMC: Body Mass Index; GAS: Subcutaneous Abdominal Fat; GAV: Visceral Abdominal Fat

Background: Deuterium oxide is a molecule that has been used for decades in several studies related to human health. Currently, studies on D2O have mobilized a “Race for Patenting” worldwide. Several patents have been registered from biomedical and technological studies of D2O showing the potential of this stable isotope in industry and health care ecosystems. Methods: Most of the patents related to the applications of the deuterium oxide in human health have been summarized in this review. The following patents databases were consulted: European Patent Office (Espacenet), the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), the United States Latin America Patents (LATIPAT), Patent scope -Search International and National Patent Collections (WIPO), Google Patents and Free Patents Online. Results: With this review, the information was collected on recent publications including 22 patents related to deuterium oxide and its applications in different areas. Conclusion: This review showed that deuterium oxide is a promising component in different areas, including biotechnology, chemistry and medicine. In addition, the knowledge of this compound was covered, reinforcing its importance in the field of biotechnology and human health.

The aim of this study was to gather information on the use of stable isotopes to measure total body water and body composition scan in children. We selected studies in the last 13 years, in addition to classical studies on the subject, indexed in the database PubMed, LILACS, BVS and SciELO. The body composition was characterized by the amount of bone tissue, muscle and adipose tissue, also including the organs as well as levels of body water. Your knowledge becomes increasingly important in light of the changes that occur in the nutritional status of various types of diseases in frameworks, such as diabetes mellitus, protein energy malnutrition, in cases of obesity and metabolic syndrome. The ability to accurately assess body fat mass especially in children is associated with the importance of effective strategies for prevention and treatment of childhood obesity. Historically, in addition to clinical applications, measurements of total body water were used to determine body composition in nutritional studies. To the knowledge of the body composition, the body water can be measured and used by the ingestion of a dose of labeled water. The measured isotope enrichment is a function of the amount of body water. The method of deuterium is particularly interesting for the assessment of body composition in children, due to its characteristics of collection and analysis.

Objective: To correlate different methods of body composition assessment in overweight or obese schoolchildren, using deuterium oxide (D2O) dilution as a reference. Methods: Percentage of total body water (%TBW), fat free mass (%FFM), and body fat (%BF) were assessed by D2O and tetrapolar electrical bioimpedance analysis (BIA) in 54 obese and overweight students aged 6–9 years. Skinfold thickness (ST), body mass index (BMI), conicity index (CI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and waist-to-hip (WHR) ratio were also used. Results: Mean values for body composition were 38.4% ± 8.4% BF, 44.9% ± 6.1% TBW and 61.6% ± 8.4% FFM. There was no significant difference in body weight, body fat mass (FM), TBW, and FFM between genders. Regarding D2O, ST underestimated %BF, and overestimated %FFM in both genders (p