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This article deals with household-level flood risk mitigation. We present an agent-based modeling framework to simulate the mechanism of natural hazard and human interactions, to allow evaluation of community flood risk, and to predict various adaptation outcomes. The framework considers each household as an autonomous, yet socially connected, agent. A Beta-Bernoulli Bayesian learning model is first applied to measure changes of agents' risk perceptions in response to stochastic storm surges. Then the risk appraisal behaviors of agents, as a function of willingness-to-pay for flood insurance, are measured. Using Miami-Dade County, Florida as a case study, we simulated four scenarios to evaluate the outcomes of alternative adaptation strategies. Results show that community damage decreases significantly after a few years when agents become cognizant of flood risks. Compared to insurance policies with pre-Flood Insurance Rate Maps subsidies, risk-based insurance policies are more effective in promoting community resilience, but it will decrease motivations to purchase flood insurance, especially for households outside of high-risk areas. We evaluated vital model parameters using a local sensitivity analysis. Simulation results demonstrate the importance of an integrated adaptation strategy in community flood risk management.

Precisely how intern doctors (or trainee physicians) have been impacted during the COVID-19 pandemic is currently poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate the mental health consequences (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress), insomnia, and loneliness among intern doctors in Bangladesh amidst the pandemic. A cross-sectional offline survey of 108 intern doctors (53.7 % female; mean age = 24.80 ± 1.08; age range = 23–29 years) in a large tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh was conducted. The participants were surveyed randomly from respective wards during their duties with an anonymous and self-reported questionnaire assessing socio-demographics, COVID-19-related consideration, mental health, insomnia, loneliness, and other measures. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine relationships. The prevalence estimates of mild to extremely severe depression, anxiety, and stress were 53.7 %, 63.9 %, and 38.9 %, respectively. Sub-threshold to severe insomnia was acknowledged by 53.7 % and loneliness by 43.5 %. Depression was associated with not receiving mental health counseling during the pandemic, anxiety, stress, and loneliness; anxiety was associated with depression and stress; stress was associated with depression, anxiety, and loneliness; insomnia was associated with being married; and loneliness was associated with poorer quality of life, depression, and stress. Depression, but not anxiety and insomnia, fully mediated the relationship between loneliness and regret regarding choice of profession because of the pandemic and its many unexpected experiences. The findings showed considerable mental health concerns, insomnia, and loneliness among intern doctors in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future studies should further explore the role of mental health concerns in healthcare providers and perceptions of their profession during the pandemic, and examine interventions to help this vulnerable population.

Skeleton‐based action recognition has recently attracted a lot of research interests due to its advantage in computational efficiency. Some recent work building upon Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) has shown promising performance in this task by modelling intrinsic spatial correlations between skeleton joints. However, these methods only consider local properties of action sequences in the spatial‐temporal domain, and consequently, are limited in distinguishing complex actions with similar local movements. To address this problem, a novel tri‐attention module (TAM) is proposed to guide GCNs to perceive significant variations across local movements. Specifically, the devised TAM is implemented in three steps: i) A dimension permuting unit is proposed to characterise skeleton action sequences in three different domains: body poses, joint trajectories, and evolving projections. ii) A global statistical modelling unit is introduced to aggregate the first‐order and second‐order properties of global contexts to perceive the significant movement variations of each domain. iii) A fusion unit is presented to integrate the features of these three domains together and leverage as orientation for graph convolution at each layer. Through these three steps, significant‐variation frames, joints, and channels can be enhanced. We conduct extensive experiments on two large‐scale benchmark datasets, NTU RGB‐D and Kinetics‐Skeleton. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed TAM can be easily plugged into existing GCNs and achieve comparable performance with the state‐of‐the‐art methods.

The frequent occurrence of coal spontaneous combustion (CSC) poses a serious threat to coal mine production safety. Inhibitor fire extinguishing technology has therefore played an important role in reducing CSC in recent years. Microcapsule material is a combined fire extinguishing material that has shown a good effect in preventing CSC. In this study, microcapsule materials were fabricated with short-chain ammonium polyphosphate as the core material and melamine–formaldehyde resin as the capsule material. The microcapsule materials were uniformly mixed with coal samples according to mass ratios of 1:4, 1:5, and 1:6. The quality change of the microcapsule material during heating was detected from thermogravimetric experiments. The results show that microcapsule material decomposition can be divided into five stages. The ammonium polyphosphate begins to decompose at 151.1 °C and the decomposition rate of the microcapsule material reaches a maximum at 200 °C Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to detect the distribution of functional groups during coal oxidation before and after the addition of different microcapsule ratios. The results show that microcapsule materials can reduce the number of hydroxyl and aliphatic hydrocarbons in coal and enhance the stability of aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenic functional groups. We also performed synchronous thermal analyzer experiments to monitor the temperatures of each characteristic point in the coal oxidation and heating process. The results show that the microcapsule material can reduce the coal mass loss rate, delay the temperature of heat equilibrium by around 100 °C reduce the heat release by more than 4560 J g–1, and increase the maximum temperature of the heat release rate by at least 14 °C. These materials therefore effectively reduce the coal-oxygen composite reaction rate and delay the CSC process.

Stimulant-use disorders have been associated with lower availability of dopamine type-2 receptors (D2R) and greater availability of type-3 receptors (D3R). Links between D2R levels, cognitive performance, and suppression of the default mode network (DMN) during executive functioning have been observed in healthy and addicted populations; however, there is limited evidence regarding a potential role of elevated D3R in influencing cognitive control processes in groups with and without addictions. Sixteen individuals with cocaine-use disorder (CUD) and 16 healthy comparison (HC) participants completed [11C]-(+)-PHNO PET imaging of D2R and D3R availability and fMRI during a Stroop task of cognitive control. Independent component analysis was performed on fMRI data to assess DMN suppression during Stroop performance. In HC individuals, lower D2R-related binding in the dorsal putamen was associated with improved task performance and greater DMN suppression. By comparison, in individuals with CUD, greater D3R-related binding in the substantia nigra was associated with improved performance and greater DMN suppression. Exploratory moderated-mediation analyses indicated that DMN suppression was associated with Stroop performance indirectly through D2R in HC and D3R in CUD participants, and these indirect effects were different between groups. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of a dissociative and potentially beneficial role of elevated D3R availability in executive functioning in cocaine-use disorder.

At present, inhibitors have been widely used in the field of coal fire prevention and control, but there are some defects in the use of them. So it is necessary to find a new practical and economical inhibitor. Dissolvable tiny-foam extinguisher (DTE) is environment-friendly, high in thermal stability, and fast in cooling. In view of the good performance of the product, the thermal behavior effects of DTE on coal spontaneous combustion were investigated through experimental tests. A scanning electron microscopy was used to study changes in the surface microstructure of raw coal after DTE treatment. Laser thermal conductivity analysis and simultaneous thermal analysis were used to test the effects of DTE at mass fraction of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% on the thermophysical properties, mass loss, characteristic temperature, and heat release of coal during heating. The surface of the DTE-treated coal sample was covered in a dense film. The treated coal sample had lower thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity values and a higher specific heat capacity. Moreover, coal treated with DTE showed no obvious oxygen absorption or mass gain during initial heating, and the dry cracking temperature was greatly increased by 37 °C, 53 °C, and 100 °C, respectively. The initial heat release temperature increased by more than 170 °C, and the amount of the initial heat absorption was more than 52.2 times that of untreated samples. Oxidation kinetics were applied to calculate the activation energy of the coal during thermal decomposition and ignition, and the activation energies of the treated samples at the thermal decomposition and combustion stages increased by 161%, 179%, and 173%, respectively. From these results, we concluded that DTE could inhibit heat accumulation by blocking oxygen contact with the coal and greatly reducing heat release during heating. Besides, only a small quantity of DTE was needed to effectively inhibit coal self-ignition. These results provide reference for the field application of DTE in restraining coal spontaneous combustion.

Freeze casting technology has experienced vast development since the early 2000s due to its versatility and simplicity for producing porous materials. A linear relationship between the final porosity and the initial solid material fraction in the suspension was reported by many researchers. However, the linear relationship cannot well describe the freeze casting for various samples. Here, we proposed an artificial neural network (ANN) to analyze the influence of critical parameters on freeze-cast porous materials. After well training the ANN model on experimental data, a porosity value can be predicted from four inputs, which describe the most influential process conditions. Based on the constructed model, two improvements are also successfully added on to infer more information. By involving big data from real experiments, this method effectively summarizes a general rule for diverse materials in one model, which gives a new insight into the freeze casting process. The good convergence and accuracy prove that our ANN model has the potential to be developed for solving more complicated issues of freeze casting. Finally, a user-friendly mini-program based on a well-trained ANN model is also provided to predict the porosity for customized freeze-casting experiments.

Background: This study is to evaluate trans-perineal minimally invasive approach for extralevator abdominoperineal excision (TP-ELAPE) in a synchronous lithotomy position for locally advanced low rectal cancer. Methods: Between May 2013 and February 2016, 14 patients with locally advanced low rectal cancer underwent TP-ELAPE for the perineal phase of extralevator abdominoperineal excision, and 18 patients underwent conventional ELAPE. Results: There was no positive circumferential resection margin in both groups. Patients who received TP-ELAPE had similar bowel perforation rate (7.1% vs. 5.6%, p = 1.000), longer transperineal operative time (100 vs. 40 min, p

While B cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) might play important roles in cancer progression, their impacts on the renal cell carcinoma (RCC) metastasis remained unclear, which drew our attention to further explore. We found that RCC tissues could recruit more B cells than the surrounding normal renal tissues from human clinical RCC samples. Wound healing assay, transwell assay and 3D invasion assays demonstrated that recruited B cells, also known as tumor-educated B cells (TEB), could significantly increase the RCC cell migration and invasion. In addition, in vivo data from xenograft RCC mouse model also confirmed that TEB could enhance RCC cell invasive and metastatic capability. Mechanism dissection revealed that TEB activated IL-1β/HIF-2α signals in RCC cells that could induce the downstream Notch1 signaling pathway. The above results demonstrated the key roles of TEB within renal cancer associated tumor microenvironment were metastasis-promotor and might help us to develop the potential therapies via targeting these newly identified IL-1β/HIF-2α/Notch1 signals in RCC progression.

In the last two decades of the new millennium, many innovative processes have been invented to fabricate metallic microparts and structures. In this article, we focus entirely on micro Additive Manufacturing (µAM), or more often called micro 3D printing process. We intend to provide the most comprehensive classification of µAM to date, and our insights to the future trend in this area. Example of their applications, available metals and alloys, geometry constraints, processing speed and feature resolution are summarized here. This forms a concise guide to the µAM process selection, should certain part or structure be required at microscale.

Wearable smart devices should be flexible and functional to imitate the warmth and sensing functions of human skin or animal fur. Despite the recent great progress in wearable smart devices, it is still challenging to achieve the required multi-functionality. Here, stretchable hollow-porous fibers with self-warming ability are designed, and the properties of electrical heating, strain sensing, temperature sensing and pressure sensing are achieved. The hollow-porous TPU fiber possesses an ultra-high stretchability (1468%), and the textiles woven from the fibers present a splendid thermal insulation property (the absolute value difference in temperature |ΔT| = 68.5 and 44 °C at extreme temperatures of 115 and −40.0 °C). Importantly, after conductive filler decoration, the fiber-based strain sensor exhibits one of the highest reported gauge factor (2.3 × 106) towards 100% strain in 7200 working stretch–release cycles. A low detection limit of 0.5% strain is also achieved. Besides, the fibers can be heated to 40 °C in 18 s at a small voltage of 2 V as an electrical heater. The assembled thermal sensors can monitor the temperature from 30 to 90 °C in real time, and the fiber-based capacitive type pressure sensor exhibits good sensing performance under force from 1 to 25 N. The hollow-porous fiber based all-in-one integrated wearable systems illustrate promising prospects for next generation electronic skins to detect human motions and body temperature with thermal therapy and inherent self-warming ability.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The genomic landscape in Chinese ccRCC needs to be elucidated. Herein, we investigated the molecular features of Chinese ccRCC patients. Genomic profiling of DNA was performed through next-generation sequencing (NGS) in Chinese patients with ccRCC between January 2017 and March 2020. Clinical information including age, gender, and tumor histology was collected. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for PD-L1 expression was performed using PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx assay or Ventana PD-L1 SP263 assay. Data analyses were performed using R 3.6.1. A total of 880 Chinese ccRCC patients who have undergone NGS were included in this study. The most common somatic alterations were detected in VHL (59.7%), PBRM1 (18.0%), SETD2 (12.2%), BAP1 (10.2%), and TP53 (9.4%). Compared with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, a higher mutation frequency of VHL (59.7% vs. 50.0%, p < 0.001) and TP53 (9.4% vs. 3.5%, p < 0.001) and a lower mutation frequency of PBRM1 (18.0% vs. 31.0%, p < 0.001) were found in the Chinese cohort. Of the 460 patients who were evaluated for PD-L1 expression, 139 (30.2%) had positive PD-L1 expression. The median tumor mutational burden (TMB) value was 4.5 muts/Mb (range, 0–46.0). Five (0.7%) patients were identified as microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H). Furthermore, 52 (5.9%) patients were identified to carry pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline mutations in 22 cancer predisposition genes. This is the first large-scale comprehensive genomic analysis for Chinese ccRCC patients, and these results might provide a better understanding of molecular features in Chinese ccRCC patients, which can lead to an improvement in the personalized treatment for these patients.

As the application of the Internet of things in the smart grid, the Internet of things involves a variety of professional terminal equipment, different professional terminal equipment have different understanding of power grid resources, and use different protocols in data maintenance and transmission. This reduces the efficiency of the Internet of things and increases the construction and operation costs of the whole power grid system. In this paper, electronic voting, which is relatively recognized by most enterprises and institutions, is used to solve the problems caused by the lack of consensus and unified standards in the Internet of things. Based on the blockchain technology, an electronic voting model is designed to ensure that the voting results are untampered and auditable, and intelligent contract technology is used to ensure that the function of the voting model runs according to the logic of the code and will not be artificially interfered with. It replaces some functions such as the operation of the traditional third-party trusted organization coordination system and the counting of votes. Finally, the blind signature algorithm based on elliptic curve encryption is used to protect the privacy of voters.

Noise pollution is a highly detrimental daily health hazard. Sound absorbers, such as the traditionally used perforated panels, find widespread applications. Nonetheless, modern product designs call for material novelties with enhanced performance and multifunctionality. The advent of additive manufacturing has brought about the possibilities of functional materials design to be based on structures rather than chemistry. With this in mind, herein, the traditional concept of perforated panels is revisited and is incorporated with additive manufacturing for the development of a novel microlattice-based sound absorber with additional impact resistance multifunctionality. The structurally optimized microlattice presents excellent broadband absorption with an averaged experimental absorption coefficient of 0.77 across a broad frequency range from 1000 to 6300 Hz. Extensive simulation and experiments reveal absorption mechanisms to be based on viscous flow, thermal and structural damping dissipations while broadband capabilities to be on multiple resonance modes working in tandem. High deformation recovery up to 30% strain is also possible from the strut-based design and viscoelasticity of the base material. Overall, the excellent properties of the microlattice overcome tradeoffs commonly found in conventional absorbers. Additionally, this work aims to present a new paradigm: revisiting old concepts for the developments of novel materials using contemporary methods.

Few-shot class-incremental learning is to recognize the new classes given few samples and not forget the old classes. It is a challenging task since representation optimization and prototype reorganization can only be achieved under little supervision. To address this problem, we propose a novel incremental prototype learning scheme. Our scheme consists of a random episode selection strategy that adapts the feature representation to various generated incremental episodes to enhance the corresponding extensibility, and a self-promoted prototype refinement mechanism which strengthens the expression ability of the new classes by explicitly considering the dependencies among different classes. Particularly, a dynamic relation projection module is proposed to calculate the relation matrix in a shared embedding space and leverage it as the factor for bootstrapping the update of prototypes. Extensive experiments on three benchmark datasets demonstrate the above-par incremental performance, outperforming state-of-the-art methods by a margin of 13%, 17% and 11%, respectively., Accepted by CVPR 2021

In the process of multi-seam mining, the measure of water exploration is usually employed for the upper coal seam to prevent and control water accumulation. The residual coal immersed in water for a long time in the upper layer is dried under the action of air leakage, leading to the enhancement of the risk of coal spontaneous combustion. Therefore, it is necessary to study the water soaking–drying process (WSD) on the spontaneous ignition characteristics of coal. In this study, a laser thermal conductivity analyzer was used to investigate the changes in thermal properties of bituminous coal collected from mines in western China after WSD. The results show that compared with the raw (unsoaked) coal samples, the thermal diffusivity, specific heat capacity, and thermal conductivity of the bituminous coal are considerably reduced after WSD; the maximum reductions in the three parameters are 11.11%, 6.64%, and 12.39%, respectively. These reduced thermal parameters indicate that after WSD, bituminous coal is more prone to self-heating, resulting in an increase in the rate of coal–oxygen compound reactions and a significantly increased risk of spontaneous combustion.

The design of self-powered photodetectors that can operate under harsh conditions attracts widespread research attention, because of their potential applications in space exploration and environmen...

As an important membrane protein, aquaglyceroporin involves liver glycerol metabolism, which can be used to stage liver fibrosis. In this study, we synthesized a novel molecular probe carbon-11-labeled AR ([11C]AR) with aminoglycerol (AR), and evaluated its preclinical performance for liver fibrosis diagnosis by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging in vivo. We developed a fully automatic synthesis procedure for the preparation of [11C]AR by radiolabeling glycerol analogue precursor AR with carbon-11. The liver uptake kinetics of [11C]AR was investigated using a rat model by the PET/CT scanner. The dynamic PET/CT scans were performed between the control group (n = 5) and experimental group (n = 25), which was divided into three subgroups (S1, S2 + S3, S4) based on the stages of liver fibrosis. The regions of interest (ROIs) of 20 pixels were drawn in the liver area on the reconstructed images. One-way analysis of variance and independent sample t test were used to analyze the statistical difference of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) among the groups at series of scanning time points (20 s, 60 s, 90 s, 150 s, 5 min, 10 min, 20 min and 25 min). The fully automatic synthesis of [11C]AR was successfully achieved with high synthesis efficiency (above 50%). The uptake of [11C]AR in progressive liver fibrosis tissues was significantly lower than that in healthy livers at all the imaging time points (P

The acoustic streaming which can facilitate the heat and mass transfer inside liquids is of great importance in ultrasonic processing. Most of previous investigations were mainly focused on the acoustic streaming induced by one dimensional (1D) ultrasound. In this paper, the flow field generated by 1D, 2D and 3D ultrasounds in a cubic box filled with water was investigated by numerical simulations. It is found that the jet flow emitted from the sound source is in the form of cylinder, vortex and wave, for 1D, 2D and 3D ultrasounds, respectively. When the ultrasonic dimension is increased, the flow becomes much stronger in the vicinity of the sound source but little weaker at the box center. By comparing the patterns of the flow generated by the ultrasounds of different dimensions, we demonstrate that 3D ultrasounds not only enhance the overall flow strength, but also effectively promote the uniformity of the flow and enlarge the size of vortices.

Two 3‐week growth trials were performed to determine the optimum feeding rate of juvenile lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) fed with a semi‐purified dry diet (protein, 440 g; lipid, 130 g/kg) at different feeding rates: 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 g/kg body weight per day (BW/.d‐1), for 36 g‐sized fish; and 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 30 g/kg BW/.d‐1, for 80 g sized fish. Feeding rates significantly influenced growth performances, feed conversion ratio, wholebody lipid and moisture contents, energy and protein retention, and fasted blood glucose levels (p

LixMnO2 nanowires with controllable morphology and excellent electrochemical performance are synthesized by a hydrothermal method with tunable lithium contents. Both double layer capacitive process and diffusion-controlled Faradaic process play roles in the charging-discharging process. Aqueous Li-ion hybrid supercapacitors are assembled using LixMnO2 nanowires as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode. The hybrid devices deliver high energy density of 88.56 Wh kg−1 and 25.2 Wh kg−1 at the high power density of 151.8 W kg−1 and 2155.8 W kg−1, respectively. The device also shows superb cycling life with capacitance retention of 95.2% after 10,000 cycles and 85.2% after 20,000 cycles.

To fabricate complex parts with a fine resolution and smooth finish, micro selective laser melting (SLM) has been developed recently by combining three attributes: small laser beam spot, fine powder size, and thin layer thickness. This paper studies the effect of the micro-SLM process parameters on the single track formation of 316L stainless steel. The surface morphology, geometrical features, and defects have been analyzed in detail. The results highlight that laser power and scanning velocity have a significant effect on the formation of single tracks. The single tracks fabricated through micro-SLM with varying process parameters are classified into four types: no melting, discontinuous, continuous but unstable, and continuous tracks. Besides, the top surface of the tracks is observed with “double-crest” morphology, due to the high recoil pressure gradient generated by the extremely fine spot size. In addition, molten pool geometry (width, depth, and height) has been characterized to study the mode of the molten pool in micro-SLM. Finally, the occurrence of two typical defects within the tracks, keyhole pore and cavity at the edges, has been studied.

Purpose To evaluate the pooled oncologic efficacy of total neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer patients using meta-analysis method.Method To evaluate the pooled effects of total neoadjuvant therapy in terms of exact oncologic efficacy and long-term survival outcomes, a systemic literature search of PubMed, Embase, China Biology Medicine and WanFang Database was performed.Results A total of 15 studies including 4091 patients were finally identified. The pooled analysis revealed that total neoadjuvant therapy significantly increased the rates of T-downstaging (OR=2.16, 95% CI:1.63~2.87, PPP=0.01) with a comparable safety profile. Most importantly, patients received total neoadjuvant therapy had a superior overall survival rate compared to standard neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (HR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.62~0.89, P=0.001).Conclusion Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer can be managed with total neoadjuvant therapy with a superior short-term oncologic efficacy and long-term survival benefits.

Background: Emergence surgery (ES) and self-expanding metallic stents (SEMS) are traditional approaches for complete obstructing left-sided colon cancer. A strategy of “stents-chemotherapy-surgery” was applied in our center recently. Studies assessing the anal function and quality of life of patients with complete obstructing left-sided colon cancer are still lacking.Methods: Patients with complete obstructing left-sided colon cancer were included, and three treatment strategies were used, including ES, SEMS, and SEMS followed by neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for patients with complete obstructing left-sided colon cancer. The Wexner, Vaizey, and low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) scores were used to assess anal function and the EORTC QLQ C30 score was used to assess quality of life. Logistic regression analysis was used to detect risk factors affecting short-term anal function of patients.RESULTS: The Wexner scores were similar among the groups during the follow-up period. The Vaizey (H=18.415, P=0.001) and LARS scores (H=3.660, P=0.04) both revealed that anal function among patients receiving SEMS and NACwas significantly better than patients who underwent ES at the 1-month post-operative follow-up evaluation; no significant difference existed at the 6- and 12-month follow-up evaluations. The EORTC QLQ C30 score revealed that social function of patients receiving SEMS and NAC was also significantly better than patients undergoing ES (H=7.035, P=0.03). Logistic regression analysis suggested that a one-stage stoma in an emergent setting is an independent risk factor for short-term reduction of anal function among patients with complete obstructing left-sided colon cancer (OR=5.238, 95% CI: 1.569~17.484, P=0.007).Conclusion: Compared to ES, SEMS might be able to improve the quality of life and short-term anal function in patients with complete obstructing left-sided colon cancer.

Few-shot segmentation aims at assigning a category label to each image pixel with few annotated samples. It is a challenging task since the dense prediction can only be achieved under the guidance of latent features defined by sparse annotations. Existing meta-learning based method tends to fail in generating category-specifically discriminative descriptor when the visual features extracted from support images are marginalized in embedding space. To address this issue, this paper presents an adaptive tuning framework, in which the distribution of latent features across different episodes is dynamically adjusted based on a self-segmentation scheme, augmenting category-specific descriptors for label prediction. Specifically, a novel self-supervised inner-loop is firstly devised as the base learner to extract the underlying semantic features from the support image. Then, gradient maps are calculated by back-propagating self-supervised loss through the obtained features, and leveraged as guidance for augmenting the corresponding elements in the embedding space. Finally, with the ability to continuously learn from different episodes, an optimization-based meta-learner is adopted as outer loop of our proposed framework to gradually refine the segmentation results. Extensive experiments on benchmark PASCAL-5i and COCO-20i datasets demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method over state-of-the-art.

The ever-changing external economic environment brings new challenges to the audit supervision department to strengthen the management of audit failure. This paper analyzes the relationship between audit failure and the mechanism of stimulation and punishment based on the game theory analysis model of managers' behavior in project management. In order to avoid the audit failure, this paper provides effective analysis tools and suggestions to improve the mechanism of current incentive and punishment in the final.

Texture recognition is a challenging visual task since various primitives along with their arrangements can be recognized from a same texture image when perceiving with different contexts. Some recent work building on CNNs exploits orderless aggregating to provide invariance to spatial arrangements. However, these methods ignore the inherent structural property of textures, which is a critical cue for distinguishing and describing texture images in the wild. To address this problem, we propose a novel Deep Structure-Revealed Network (DSR-Net) that leverages spatial dependency among the captured primitives as structural representation for texture recognition. Specifically, a primitive capturing module (PCM) is devised to generate multiple primitives from eight directional spatial contexts, in which deep features are firstly extracted under the constrains of direction map and then encoded based on the similarities of neighborhood. Next, these primitives are associated with a dependence learning module (DLM) to generate structural representation, in which a two-way collaborative relationship strategy is introduced to perceive the spatial dependencies among multiple primitives. At last, the structure-revealed texture representations are integrated with spatial ordered information to achieve real-world texture recognition. Evaluation on the five most challenging texture recognition datasets has demonstrated the superiority of the proposed model against state-of-the-art methods. The structure-revealed performances of DSR-Net are further verified on some extensive experiments, including fine-grained classification and semantic segmentation.

Background This study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of self-expanding metallic stent (SEMS) followed by neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to elective surgery for obstructing left-sided colon cancer. Methods Eleven consecutive patients with obstructing left-sided colon cancer between May 2014 and November 2015 were included retrospectively. All patients received SEMS followed by neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The primary outcome measure was stoma and laparoscopic surgery. Results Chemotherapy was with two cycles of CAPOX (54.5%) or three cycles mFOLFOX6 (45.5%). Median serum albumin and hemoglobin levels before surgery were significantly higher than before neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.01 and p = 0.008 respectively) and before SEMS (p = 0.01 and p = 0.003 respectively). Median bowel wall thickness proximal to the upper edge of tumor was significantly more before neoadjuvant chemotherapy than before stent (p = 0.003), and significantly less before surgery than before neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.003). No patient underwent stoma creation. Laparoscopic surgery was performed in nine (81.8%) patients. No local recurrence or metastases developed over median cancer-specific follow-up of 44 months (range, 37–55 months). Conclusion SEMS followed by neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to elective surgery appears to be safe and well tolerated in patients with obstructing left-sided colon cancer.

Background While childhood stress may contribute risk to substance-use initiation and differences in brain white-matter development, understanding of the potential impact of substance-use initiation on the relationship between experienced stress and white-matter microstructure remains limited. Objectives This study examined whether substance-use initiation moderated the effect of perceived stress on white-matter differences using measures of primary white-matter fiber anisotropy. Methods Forty adolescents (age 14.75 ± .87 years) were assessed on the Perceived Stress Scale, and 50% were determined to have presence of substance-use initiation. White-matter microstructure was examined using primary-fiber orientations anisotropy, which may reflect white-matter integrity, modeled separately from other fiber orientations in the same voxels. Analyses were conducted on regions of interest previously associated with childhood stress and substance use. Results Lower perceived stress and presence of substance-use initiation were related to greater right cingulum primary-fiber measures. Substance-use-initiation status moderated the association between perceived stress and right cingulum primary-fiber measures, such that higher perceived stress was associated with lower right cingulum primary-fiber anisotropy in adolescents without substance-use initiation, but not in those with substance-use initiation. Conclusions and scientific significance Findings in primary-fiber anisotropy suggest differences in right cingulum white-matter integrity is associated with substance-use initiation in higher-stress adolescents. This reflects a possible pre-existing risk factor, an impact of early substance use, or a combination thereof. Examination of potential markers associated with substance-use initiation in white-matter microstructure among stress-exposed youth warrant additional investigation as such biomarkers may inform efforts relating to tailored interventions. (Am J Addict 2018;27:217-224).

Background: The introduction of individualized abdominoperineal excision (APE) may minimize operative trauma and reduce the rate of complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of individualized APE for low rectal cancer. Methods: Fifty-six patients who underwent individualized APE from June 2011 to June 2015 were evaluated retrospectively in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University. The main outcome measures were circumferential resection margin (CRM) involvement, intraoperative perforation, postoperative complications, and local recurrence. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 16.0. Results: Fifty (89%) patients received preoperative chemoradiotherapy: 51 (91%) patients were treated with the sacrococcyx preserved; 27 (48%) patients with the levator ani muscle partially preserved bilaterally; 20 (36%) patients with the levator ani muscle partially preserved unilaterally and the muscle on the opposite side totally preserved; 7 (13%) patients with intact levator ani muscle and part of the ischioanal fat bilaterally dissected; and 2 (4%) patients with part of the ischioanal fat and intact lavator ani muscle dissected unilaterally and the muscle on the opposite side partially preserved. The most common complications included sexual dysfunction (12%), perineal wound complications (13%), urinary retention (7%), and chronic perineal pain (5%). A positive CRM was demonstrated in 3 (5%) patients, and intraoperative perforations occurred in 2 (4%) patients. On multiple logistic regression analysis, longer operative time (P = 0.032) and more intraoperative blood loss (P = 0.006) were significantly associated with perineal procedure-related complications. The local recurrence was 4% at a median follow-up of 53 months (range: 30- 74 months). Conclusion: With preoperative chemoradiotherapy, individualized APE may be a relatively safe and feasible approach for low rectal cancer with acceptable oncological outcomes. Key words: Abdominoperineal Excision; Complications; Individualized; Low Rectal Cancer; Recurrence

Smart skin is highly desired to be ultrasensitive and self-powered as the medium of artificial intelligence. Here, an ultrasensitive self-powered mechanoluminescence smart skin (SPMSS) inspired by the luminescence mechanism of cephalopod skin and the ultrasensitive response of spider-slit-organ is developed. Benefitting from the unique strain-dependent microcrack structure design based on Ti3 C2 Tx (MXene)/carbon nanotube synergistic interaction, SPMSS possesses excellent strain sensing performances including ultralow detection limit (0.001% strain), ultrahigh sensitivity (gauge factor, GF = 3.92 × 107 ), ultrafast response time (5 ms), and superior durability and stability (>45 000 cycles). Synchronously, SPMSS exhibits tunable and highly sensitive mechanoluminescence (ML) features under stretching. A relationship between ML features, strain sensing performances, and the deformation has been established successfully. Importantly, the SPMSS demonstrates excellent properties as triboelectric nanogenerator (4 × 4 cm2 ), including ultrahigh triboelectric output (open-circuit voltage VOC = 540 V, short-circuit current ISC = 42 µA, short-circuit charge QSC = 317 nC) and power density (7.42 W m-2 ), endowing the smart skin with reliable power source supply and self-powered sensing ability. This bioinspired smart skin exhibits multifunctional applications in health monitoring, visual sensing, and self-powered sensing, showing great potential in artificial intelligence.

// Guanghui Hu 1 * , Binbin Dong 2, * , Jingwei Zhang 1, * , Wei Zhai 1, 3 , Tiancheng Xie 1 , Bisheng Huang 1 , Chi Huang 4 , Xudong Yao 1 , Junhua Zheng 1 , Jianping Che 1, 4 and Yun-Fei Xu 1 1 Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China 2 Department of Urology, Yancheng Third People’s Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China 3 Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China 4 Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Yun-Fei Xu, email: xuyunfeibb@sina.com Jianping Che, email: chejianping77@126.com Wei Zhai, email: jacky_zw2002@hotmail.com Keywords: renal cell carcinoma, HOTAIR, hippo pathway, SAV1 Received: December 31, 2016 Accepted: March 14, 2017 Published: April 25, 2017 ABSTRACT The long noncoding RNA HOTAIR promotes the development and progression of several tumors. Here, the clinical significance and role of HOTAIR in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tumorigenesis were explored. The results showed that increased expression of HOTAIR predicted a poor prognosis of RCC after surgery. HOTAIR promoted RCC cell proliferation and growth in vitro and in vivo . The expressions of HOTAIR and Salvador homolog 1 (SAV1) were inversely correlated in clinical RCC samples. HOTAIR downregulated SAV1 by directly binding to the SAV1 protein and enhanced histone H3K27 methylation. Loss of function of SAV1 activated the Hippo pathway. HOTAIR could be a potential therapeutic target in RCC.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of weight training time on bone mineral density (BMD) of patients with secondary osteoporosis after hemiplegia. A total of 129 hemiplegic patients with stroke, 75 males and 54 females, aged 50–75 years, were recruited in this study. Male patients were randomly divided into 3 groups (25 cases each) receiving 30 min (group M30), 60 min (group M60), or 90 min (group M90) daily upright bed weight training. Female patients were similarly randomly allocated into groups F30, F60 and F90 (18 cases each) with daily upright bed weight training for 30, 60 and 90 min, respectively. After 3 months of training, BMD at anteroposterior lumbar spine (L1-L4) and ipsilateral femoral neck were examined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Compared to pre-treatment, no statistical difference in BMD was found after 3 months in males who underwent daily 30-min weight training (group M30). By contrast, a significant increase in BMD was seen at lumbar and femoral neck in groups M60 and M90 after 3 months (all p

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors have demonstrated great potential in modern nanotechnologies across a variety of research fields, including (opto-)electronics, spintronics, and electro-/photocatalysis. Interestingly, the vast majority of 2D semiconductors, such as the widely explored transition-metal dichalcogenides, are n-type or ambipolar. The search for p-type 2D semiconductors in the past decade has succeeded in identifying only a few promising candidate materials. In this Perspective, we discuss various strategies to obtain p-type conduction in normally n-type or ambipolar 2D semiconductors and, more importantly, the direct synthesis of p-type 2D semiconductors such as black phosphorus, 2D tellurium, and, most recently, α-MnS.

BACKGROUND Reconstruction of the pelvic floor defect caused by extralevator abdominoperineal excision poses a challenge for the surgeon. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the long-term perineal wound complications in patients undergoing conventional primary closure versus biological mesh-assisted repair after extralevator abdominoperineal excision. DESIGN This was a single-institution retrospective observational study. SETTINGS The study was conducted at a tertiary academic medical center. PATIENTS Patients with low advanced rectal cancer undergoing extralevator abdominoperineal excision from August 2008 to December 2016 (N = 228) were included. INTERVENTIONS All of the patients received extralevator abdominoperineal excision operation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was perineal wound complications after the operation. RESULTS Of the 228 patients who underwent extralevator abdominoperineal excision, 174 received biological mesh repair and 54 received primary closure. Preoperative radiotherapy was administered to 89 patients (51.1%) in the biological mesh group and 20 patients (37.0%) in the primary closure group. The biological mesh group had significantly lower rates of perineal wound infection (11.5% vs 22.2%; p = 0.047), perineal hernia (3.4% vs 13.0%; p = 0.022), wound dehiscence (0.6% vs 5.6%; p = 0.042), and total perineal wound complications (14.9% vs 35.2%; p = 0.001) compared with the primary closure group. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed preoperative radiotherapy (p < 0.001), conventional primary closure (p < 0.001), and intraoperative bowel perforation (p= 0.001) to be significantly associated with perineal procedure-related complications. LIMITATIONS This was a single-center retrospective study. CONCLUSIONS Although perineal wound repair with biological mesh prolongs the operative time of perineal portion, the perineal drainage retention time, and the length of hospital stay, it may reduce perineal procedure-related complications and improve wound healing. Preoperative radiotherapy and intraoperative bowel perforation appear to be independent predictors of perineal complications. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B42. COMPLICACIONES DE LA HERIDA PERINEAL DESPUES DE LA EXCISION ABDOMINOPERINEAL EXTRA-ELEVADORA EN CASO DE CANCER DE RECTO BAJO: La reconstruccion del defecto en el suelo pelvico, resultado de una reseccion abdominoperineal extra-elevadora plantea un desafio para el cirujano.El analisis de las complicaciones de la herida perineal a largo plazo en pacientes sometidos a un cierre primario convencional versus una reparacion asistida por malla biologica despues de una reseccion abdominoperineal extra-elevadora.Estudio retrospectivo observacional en una sola institucion.Investigacion realizada en un centro medico academico terciario.Se incluyeron los pacientes con cancer rectal bajo avanzado que se sometieron a una reseccion abdominoperineal extra-elevadora desde agosto de 2008 hasta diciembre de 2016 (n= 228).Todos aquellos pacientes que fueron sometidos a una reseccion abdominoperineal extra-elevadora.Todas las complicaciones de la herida perineal en el postoperatorio.De los 228 pacientes que se sometieron a una reseccion abdominoperineal extra-elevadora, 174 fueron reparados con una malla biologica y 54 se beneficiaron de un cierre primario. La radioterapia preoperatoria se administro a 89 (51,1%) pacientes en el grupo de malla biologica y 20 (37,0%) pacientes en el grupo de cierre primario. El grupo de malla biologica tuvo tasas significativamente mas bajas de infeccion de la herida perineal (11.5% vs. 22.2%; p = 0.047), hernia perineal (3.4% vs. 13.0%; p = 0.022), dehiscencia de la herida (0.6% vs. 5.6%; p = 0,042) y complicaciones perineales de la herida (14,9% frente a 35,2%; p = 0,001) en comparacion con el grupo de cierre primario. El analisis de regresion logistica multivariable mostro que la radioterapia preoperatoria (p

In this paper, we tackle one-shot texture retrieval: given an example of a new reference texture, detect and segment all the pixels of the same texture category within an arbitrary image. To address this problem, we present an OS-TR network to encode both reference and query image, leading to achieve texture segmentation towards the reference category. Unlike the existing texture encoding methods that integrate CNN with orderless pooling, we propose a directionality-aware module to capture the texture variations at each direction, resulting in spatially invariant representation. To segment new categories given only few examples, we incorporate a self-gating mechanism into relation network to exploit global context information for adjusting per-channel modulation weights of local relation features. Extensive experiments on benchmark texture datasets and real scenarios demonstrate the above-par segmentation performance and robust generalization across domains of our proposed method., ijcai2019-lastest

Additive manufacturing (AM) is gaining traction in the manufacturing industry for the fabrication of components with complex geometries using a variety of materials. Selective laser melting (SLM) is a common AM technique that is based on powder-bed fusion (PBF) to process metals; however, it is currently focused only on the fabrication of macroscale and mesoscale components. This paper reviews the state of the art of the SLM of metallic materials at the microscale level. In comparison with the direct writing techniques that are commonly used for micro AM, micro SLM is attractive due to a number of factors, including a faster cycle time, process simplicity, and material versatility. A comprehensive evaluation of various research works and commercial systems for the fabrication of microscale parts using SLM and selective laser sintering (SLS) is conducted. In addition to identifying existing issues with SLM at the microscale, which include powder recoating, laser optics, and powder particle size, this paper details potential future directions. A detailed review of existing recoating methods in powder-bed techniques is conducted, along with a description of emerging efforts to implement dry powder dispensing methods in the AM domain. A number of secondary finishing techniques for AM components are reviewed, with a focus on implementation for microscale features and integration with micro SLM systems. Keywords: Additive manufacturing, Selective laser melting, Microfabrication, Hybrid processing, Powder-bed recoating

After a destructive earthquake, most of the casualties are brought about by building collapse. Our work is focused on using a single postevent PolSAR (full-polarimetric synthetic aperture radar) imagery to extract the building damage information for effective emergency decision-making. PolSAR data is subject to sunlight and contains richer backscatter information. The undamaged buildings whose orientation is not parallel to the SAR flight pass and the collapsed buildings share similar dominated scattering mechanisms, i.e., volume scattering, so they are easily confused. However, the two kinds of buildings have different textures. For a more accurate classification of damaged buildings and undamaged buildings, the OPCE (optimization of polarimetric contrast enhancement) algorithm is employed to enhance the contrast ratio of the textures for the two kinds of buildings and the precision-weighted multifeature fusion (PWMF) method is proposed to merge the multiple texture features. The experiment results show that the accuracy of the proposed novel method is improved by 8.34% compared to the traditional method. In general, the proposed PWMF method can effectively merge the multiple features and the overestimation of the building collapse rate can be reduced using the proposed method in this study.

The advent of 3D printing brought about the possibilities of microlattice metamaterials as advanced materials with the potentials to surpass the functionalities of traditional materials. Sound absorbing materials which are also tough and lightweight are of particular importance as practical engineering materials. There are however a lack of attempts on the study of metamaterials multifunctional for both purposes. Herein, we present four types of face-centered cubic based plate and truss microlattices as novel metamaterials with simultaneous excellent sound and mechanical energy absorption performance. High sound absorption coefficients nearing 1 and high specific energy absorption of 50.3 J g-1 have been measured. Sound absorption mechanisms of microlattices are proposed to be based on a "cascading resonant cells theory", an extension of the Helmholtz resonance principle that we have conceptualized herein. Characteristics of absorption coefficients are found to be essentially geometry limited by the pore and cavity morphologies. The excellent mechanical properties in turn derive from both the approximate membrane stress state of the plate architecture and the excellent ductility and strength of the base material. Overall, this work presents a new concept on the specific structural design and materials selection for architectured metamaterials with dual sound and mechanical energy absorption capabilities.

346 Background: Alterations in DNA damage repair (DDR) genes are associated with human tumorigenesis and may be as potential biomarkers for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy in renal cell carcinoma. However, biologic significance and relevance to TKI targeted therapy in metastatic RCC are unknown. Methods: Genomic data and treatment outcomes were retrospectively collected for patients with metastatic RCC. Tumor and germline DNA were subject to targeted next generation sequencing across 642 genes of interest, including 60 DDR genes. Patients were dichotomized according to underlying DDR gene alteration into (1) DDR gene alterations present (Mut DDR); (2) wildtype (WT) DDR gene alterations present (WT DDR). Association between DDR status and therapeutic benefit was investigated separately for and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. Results: Mut DDR were detected in 17/40 patients (42.5%). The most frequently DDR altered genes were TP53. For patients with TKI treatment, Mut DDR status was associated with superior progression free survival (log-rank p = 0.048), but not with superior overall survival (log-rank p = 0.39); after adjusting for International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium risks and extent of prior therapy, the HR for Mut DDR was 2.68 (95% CI: 0.96–7.46; p = 0.059). Conclusions: DDR alterations are recurrent genomic events in patients with advanced RCC and were mostly clonal in this cohort. Dysfunction events in these genes may affect outcome with TKI therapy in adanced RCC, and these hypothesis-generating results deserve further study.

Pale, Soft, and Exudative (PSE) broiler breast meat has poor protein functionality, which leads to quality problems and economic loss in the poultry industry. Proteomics has been applied to characterize the biochemical mechanisms governing tenderness, color, and water-holding capacity in meat. However, the proteome basis of PSE has not yet been characterized for broiler breast meat. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the differences in meat quality (cooking loss and shear force), descriptive sensory characteristics, consumer acceptance, and whole muscle proteome between normal and PSE-like broiler breast meat. Male Hubbard × Cobb 500 birds (n = 1,050) were raised in commercial houses. Prior to harvest, a sample of the broilers (n = 900) were subjected to short-term stress (38°C for 2 h), and the remaining broilers (n = 150) were maintained at control conditions (21°C for 2 h). Broiler breast (Pectoralis major) meat was collected and characterized by pH24 and L*24 as normal (pH24 5.8 to 6.2, L*24 45 to 55) or PSE-like (pH24 5.4 to 5.7, L*24 55 to 65) samples. Normal broiler breast meat had lower shear force values than PSE-like meat (P

Infections related to pemetrexed have been reported in clinical trials. It is not yet clear whether this drug increases infection risk or not. This meta-analysis assessed the overall incidence and risk of severe infections (≥ grade 3) associated with the use of pemetrexed in non-small-cell lung cancer patients.The databases of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant studies published up to December 2015. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of pemetrexed for non-small-cell lung cancer patients that reported grade 3-5 infection and febrile neutropenia. Summary incidence rates, relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by using either random-effects or fixed-effects models, according to the heterogeneity of the included studies.Seven randomized controlled trials were included, comprising 1848 patients. The incidence of severe infection and febrile neutropenia due to pemetrexed was 5.7% (95% CI: 3.2-8.3%) and 1.3% (95% CI: 0.7-2.0%), respectively. The use of pemetrexed was associated with an increased risk of severe infection (RR 1.61, 95% CI: 1.07-2.44, P = .02) and febrile neutropenia (RR 4.28, 95% CI: 1.08-17.01, P = .04).The use of pemetrexed was associated with an increased risk of developing severe infections and febrile neutropenia in non-small-cell lung cancer patients. Frequent clinical monitoring and management of infections should be emphasized during pemetrexed treatment. More studies are needed to reveal the mechanism of the increased risk of severe infections.

Objective Integrated positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) scanners provide combined MR-based anatomic and metabolic image information. The aim of this study was to evaluate qualitative and quantitative diagnostic performance of PET/MR with 18 fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) using a diagnostic MR sequence in patients with abdominal and pelvic tumors, compared to positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Materials and methods Forty five patients underwent a single-injection ( 18 F-FDG), dual-imaging protocol including whole-body PET/CT and subsequent regional PET/MR hybrid imaging. A regional PET/MR scan followed the PET/CT. Images from both modalities were analyzed using a 3-point scale for PET/CT and PET/MR image quality, image alignment, and lesion visibility on PET images. PET-CT/PET-MR functional and anatomical correlation was analyzed. Results A total of 66 lesions were studied, from which 63 were identified using PET/CT and 59 were identified using PET/MR. The 18 F-FDG PET images had good diagnostic quality ( P P = 0.102), and there was no difference in lesion visibility ( P = 0.18). The average rating score regarding anatomical correlation for PET-positive lesions was 2.75 for combined MR sequence images and 2.04 for CT, with a significant difference ( P = 0.317), Standard uptake value (SUV) for focal lesions had excellent correlation (SUV max/mean : R = 0.948/0.948); furthermore, the SUV mean of background organs combined, bone marrow and the muscle tissue showed good correlation ( R = 0.329/0.398/0.298). No correlations were found in the liver and spleen. Conclusions PET/MR with diagnostic MR sequence was able to detect abdominal and pelvic lesions and had good image quality compared to PET/CT. SUV max and SUV mean values in focal lesions, and the SUV mean of background organs generally correlated well in abdominal and pelvic oncology patients examined using PET/CT and PET/MRI.

One-dimensional (1D) inorganic perovskite nanowires (NWs) have attracted promising attention for application in the fields of photodetection, lasers and lighting due to their outstanding optoelectronic properties. However the direct synthesis of highly pure all-inorganic perovskite NWs with well-defined morphologies and compositions still remains challenging. Here we report the controllable synthesis of brightly emitting cesium lead halide CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br) NWs and their assembly into high-performance photodetector nanodevices. High quality CsPbX3 NWs have been directly synthesized via a solvothermal method without using post-synthetic anion-exchange reactions. The NWs are single-crystalline, with uniform diameters of ∼10 nm and lengths of up to tens of microns, showing ultra-high aspect ratios. Both CsPbCl3 and CsPbBr3 NWs show excellent photoluminescence (PL) characteristics with narrow emission spectra and high PL quantum yields (PLQYs). The photodetectors constructed on the CsPbX3 NWs and interdigital electrodes (with interdigitation widths up to 100 μm) exhibit promising photoelectric properties, achieving high switching ratios (5.8 × 103 for CsPbCl3 NW devices and 1.1 × 103 for CsPbBr3 NW devices) and fast response time. The present solvothermal approach is controllable, convenient, and is easily realized for quantifiable preparation, and can further promote the application of the all-inorganic perovskite NWs in the optoelectronic field.

Objective The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is critical for both stress and inhibitory control processes and has been implicated in childhood trauma. This prospective study tested the hypothesis that early trauma moderates the association between inhibitory control during late childhood and ACC stress reactivity during adolescence. Method : Sixty-four adolescents were stratified into higher- or lower-childhood-trauma groups. Inhibitory control was indicated by fewer errors on a Stroop Color-Word task. Personalized stress cues during functional magnetic resonance imaging assessed neural correlates of stress in adolescents. Results : Using a priori-defined anterior (rCZa) and posterior rostral cingulate zones of the ACC, associated with Stroop Color-Word task performance in prior meta-analyses, Stroop errors correlated inversely with activation in the rCZa during stress-cue exposure (r = −.23, p = .04). Childhood trauma moderated the association between Stroop errors and rCZa stress reactivity (interaction = −1.26, p = .02, 95%CI = −2.33,-0.20), where Stroop errors were inversely associated with brain activation among those with higher childhood trauma (simple slopes = −.83, p = .007, 95%CI = −1.40,-0.25). Low stress-related rCZa activation inversely (R2 = 0.19, b = −0.43, p = .001, 95%CI = −4.11,-1.06) and Stroop errors directly (R2 = 0.09, b = 0.27, p = .048, 95%CI = 0.02, 5.8) associated with baseline subjective anxiety while controlling for childhood trauma. Conclusions : This is the first study to demonstrate a moderating role of childhood trauma on the relationship between inhibitory control and stress-related ACC activation. Childhood trauma may portend neurodevelopmental changes that impede recruitment of control-associated ACC-functioning during distress, which may relate to dysregulation of stress-induced affective responses. Further work is needed to elucidate relationships between childhood trauma and addictive behaviors precipitated by stress.

Rapidly and accurately obtaining collapsed building information for earthquake-stricken areas can help to effectively guide the implementation of the emergency response and can reduce disaster losses and casualties. This work is focused on rapid building earthquake damage detection in urban areas using a single post-earthquake polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) image. In an earthquake-stricken area, the buildings include both damaged buildings and undamaged buildings. The undamaged buildings are made up of both parallel buildings, whose array direction is parallel to the flight direction, and oriented buildings, whose array direction is not parallel to the flight direction. The damaged buildings after an earthquake are made up of completely collapsed buildings and residual damaged parallel walls and oriented walls of the damaged buildings. Therefore, we divide the buildings in earthquake-stricken areas into five kinds: intact parallel buildings, damaged parallel walls, collapsed buildings, intact oriented buildings, and damaged oriented walls. The two new polarimetric feature parameters of λ_H and H_λ are proposed to recognize the five kinds of buildings, and the Wishart supervised classification method is employed to further improve the extraction accuracy of the damaged buildings and undamaged buildings.

As a crucial component of data terminal acquisition devices, flexible strain sensor has shown promising applications in numerous fields, such as healthcare, bodynet, the intelligent traffic system, and the robotic system. For stretchable strain sensor, it remains a huge challenge to realize a fine balance of wide detection range and high sensitivity. Here, an electrically conductive carbon nanotube/thermoplastic polyurethane fiber with a multilayered, hollow, and monolith structure, accompanying high stretchability (up to 476% strain) and low density (about 0.46 g/cm

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignant disease of kidney in adults. The proteasome activator REGγ was previously reported to promote the degradation of multiple important regulatory proteins and involved in the progression and development of numerous human cancers. Here, we first reported that REGγ was upregulated in RCC and its upregulation was correlated with a poor prognosis in RCC patients. REGγ depletion obviously suppressed RCC cells proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Notably, casein kinase 1ε (CK1ε) was identified as a novel target of REGγ and knockdown of CK1ε effectively abolished the effect of REGγ depletion on RCC cells growth. Importantly, we also observed that REGγ depletion activated Hippo signaling pathway via stabilizing CK1ε in RCC, indicating the cross-talk between REGγ/CK1ε axis and Hippo pathway during RCC development. In conclusion, our findings suggested that REGγ played a pivotal role in the development of RCC and maybe helpful to identify new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of RCC.