Search

Image processing plays an important role in the topography imaging by SPM. Due to the imperfect hardware and the environmental interference, the image defects can be easily found in the topography images. In order to deal with these defects, image processing technology is the most effective and convenient way, so image processing functions are integrated in most kinds of SPM software. In this study, we present image processing methods for three common defects of topography images: background, damage and fringe. According to the characteristics of the topography images and the defects, some algorithms are adopted in the proposed methods, such as B-spline, TV, Criminisi, Flourier transform and so on. The principles, processes and application scopes of the methods were described in detail, and the topography images with typical defects were selected to verify them. The processing results showed the feasibility of the methods, which offer an effective approach to acquire high-quality topography images in a fast, simple and cheap way.

In this paper, methods like literature review and logical analysis were adopted to study the media copyright trading for professional sports events in China. Research results indicated that as the State Council partially lifted the restrictions on media copyright trading for major sports events, capitals flooded to the sports event copyright market by investing in new media sports companies. On the one hand, this has contributed to the booming market for sports media copyright trading. On the other hand, developing copyright market was proved to be a daunting task for sports companies. By analyzing the media copyright trading happened in China during the sports events of Premier League, Bundesliga, La Liga, NBA and Chinese Super League, while targeting the severe problems existing in Chinese professional sports events, the author of this paper proposes a strategy for developing Chinese media copyright market of professional sports events, so as to help create a more orderly and healthy media copyright market of this kind.

To improve indoor positioning accuracy, a TDOA accuracy correction method is presented. Zero velocity update, which is traditionally used in inertial navigation, is introduced into the method, in view of the stable position relationship between wearable device and wearer. The method mainly applies image motion estimation algorithm for VR glasses to test zero velocity points. At these points, the mean value and grey theory are respectively used to reduce random error and gross error of TDOA, so that the positioning result may approach to system error. The preliminary experiments show that the method is feasible and effective.

Various fuels can be used for Scramjet engines and the overall performance of the scramjet engine can be affected by different fuels it consumes. This paper has the topic of investigating on the influence of different fuels on scramjet engine performance. A reference scramjet configuration with design point parameters is given, based on that, the design point performances, throttling characteristics and velocity characteristics of scramjet engines using hydrogen, kerosene (C 12 H 23 ), ethylene and methane as fuels are calculated and analyzed respectively. By comparing the results with different kinds of fuels, the influence of different kinds of fuels on scramjet engine performance is obtained. The results show that the specific thrust and specific impulse of hydrogen-fueled engine are the highest. The minimum flight Mach number allowed by hydrogen-fueled engine is the largest and that allowed by kerosene-fueled engine is the smallest, which means kerosene-fueled engine can operate at lower Mach numbers compare to hydrogen-fueled engine.

As an open, free, flexible social platform, microblog develops rapidly recent years. State of art research on friends recommendation has attract both industrial and academical concerns. Compared with traditional social networks, microblog contains both strong social relations based on the real relationship, and weak social relations based on interests, locations and other incidental factors. How to utilize these relationships and characters in personalized friends recommendation is still under research. This paper presents a new hybrid recommendation model, considering both the relationship strength and interest similarity in microblog, using the social graph mining algorithm to find strong social relations and the item-based collaborative filtering algorithm to mine weak social relations. Experimental results show that the proposed hybrid algorithm outperforms the traditional algorithm.

In order to improve the resolution of an Extreme Ultraviolet(EUV) photon counting imager,this paper analyzed the influence of the crosstalk between Wedge Strip Zigzag(WSZ) anodes and the false trigger resulted from out-range signals on image quality.First,the reasons which caused the crosstalk were analyzed,and the range of crosstalk coefficient and its optimum value were determined by measuring interelectrode capacitance.Then,the crosstalk coefficient was used to process photons and determine a proper energy interval(upper and lower limit).Finally,the image obtained in the setting energy interval was compared with an original image.The comparison shows that the image quality has been improved obviously.The results demonstrate that the image edge becomes stronger further and image resolution is improved by eliminating the crosstalk between WSZ anodes and removing fake data from real data.

The carrier transport and recombination in light-emitting diodes(LEDs) determine the non-uniform intensity and distribution of the internal heat source.The non-uniform temperature field also influences the carrier transport and recombination in LEDs.Thus the carrier transport and recombination are strongly coupled with temperatures.In this paper,the internal quantum efficiency,spectrum characteristic and photoelectric conversion efficiency of LEDs with substrates of sapphire,Si and SiC are systematically studied by a non-isothermal multi-physics-field coupling model.It is shown that the LED with SiC substrate has the smallest efficiency droop effect and exhibits the highest spectrum intensity and photoelectric conversion efficiency,among the LEDs with substrates of sapphire,Si and SiC.This is because the LED with the substrate of SiC has the best thermal dissipation capability,thus the non-uniform temperature field has the smallest effect on the carrier transport and recombination,leading to the significantly enhanced carrier concentration in the active region and decreased current leakage.

The production data analysis is one of hot spots of reservoir engineering recently, which combines conventional reservoir engineering analysis and modern well test analysis. Based on the theory of transient porous flow, the analysis provides a mathematical model, which not only reasonably predicts the production decline of oil or gas wells but also effectively evaluates the physical properties of reservoirs. Theoretical charts of Agarwal-Gardner production decline curves and derivative curves for common horizontal wells are presented by solving the transient 3D porous flow in the bounded reservoir. The Agarwal-Gardner curves can be divided into two stages: the derivatives are dispersed in the early transient decline stage and drawn to Arps harmonious decline in the late pseudo-steady state stage. The influence of vertical location of horizontal wells on production decline in the mid-long term is negligible in a homogenous reservoir. A field example illustrates that, given production data, the results in this article can be directly used to evaluate the reservoir characteristics and effectively forecast the long-term productivity for horizontal wells. 摘要: 生产数据分析是近年来油藏工程的研究热点之一, 它以不稳定渗流理论为基础, 集常规油藏工程分析和现代试井分析之优势形成新的数学模型, 既能合理预测油气井产量递减又能有效评价油气层物性。通过求解封闭地层水平井的三维不定常渗流问题, 可得普通水平井的Agarwal-Gardner型产量递减曲线以及产量递减导数曲线理论图版。分析表明, Agarwal-Gardner型产量递减曲线可以分成2个阶段, 前一段是不稳态递减段, 其导数曲线不归一, 而后一段为拟稳态递减段, 其导数曲线归一, 接近于Arps调和递减趋势; 对于均质储集层, 水平井的垂向位置对中长期产量递减规律影响很弱, 可以忽略。矿场实例说明在已知生产数据的条件下利用该结果可直接评价储集层特性, 并对水平井中长期产能进行有效预测。 Key words: horizontal well, production data analysis, rate decline, material balance time, transient 3D porous flow

Adiponectin and its receptors, adiponectin receptor 1 (Adipo-R1) and adiponectin receptor 2 (Adipo-R2), may contribute to preeclampsia; however, the reports up to date are conflicting. Here we further explore this issue.We studied 20 pregnant women with term normal pregnancy, 22 women with severe preeclampsia, and 12 mild cases. The levels of Adipo-Rs' protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) were detected by immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative polymerized chain reaction (PCR) analysis, respectively.The expression of Adipo-R2, but not Adipo-R1, was observed in the cytoplasm of both placental cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts of the mild preeclempsia, severe cases and normal pregnancy group. There was no significant difference of Adipo-R2 protein level between the maternal side and the fetal side in each group (all P.05). Adipo-R2 protein and mRNA levels in severe preeclamptic group were significantly higher than those of mild cases (P.001) and normal pregnancy group (P.001). There was also no significant difference of Adipo-R2 protein and mRNA levels between term delivery and preterm delivery in severe preeclamptic group (P.05). Nonetheless, both the protein and mRNA levels were significantly higher in comparison to those of the normal group (P.05).The abnormality of Adipo-R2 may be associated with the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.

In order to realize the energy balance of ZigBee, prolonging the survival time of the network, avoiding the paralysis of the network, this paper improves the tree algorithm. This paper firstly introduces ZigBee and the results of some routing algorithms, and then analyzing and comparing the original tree algorithm and AODVjr algorithm, finding out the inadequacies. The original tree algorithm is improved by routing table, eliminating invalid neighbor nodes and balancing energy. Experiment results of simulation show that: Sending 1000 packets, the improved algorithm is 750 hops less than the original algorithm, and high load nodes 5 less than the original. Therefore, the improved algorithm is effective, it saves the number of hops, that is to save energy.

A supercontinuum extending from 350 nm to more than 1700 nm is generated in microstructured fibre (MF) with randomly distributed air holes in cladding and core by using 15-fs pulses of a 790-nm laser. The maximum total power of the supercontinuum is 63 mW with 288 mW pump power from a 100× microscope objective. The wavelength and power of visible light ranging in the supercontinuum can be tuned by adjusting the input end of random the MF (to change pump incident point or incident angle). In particular, white light has been observed. The polarization states and waveguide modes of the visible light change with adjustment of the pump incident point or incident angle.

For the nonlinear vibration signal of stayed cables, a new particle filter algorithm is used in this paper. Firstly, nonlinear dynamic model of the stayed-cable and beam coupling system is dispersed in temporal dimension by using the finite difference method. So the discrete nonlinear vibration equation of any cable element is gotten. And secondly, a state equation ofparticle filter is fitted by least square algorithm from the discrete nonlinear vibration equation. So the particle filter algorithm can use the accurate state equations. Finally, the particle filter algorithm is used to filter the vibration signal of bridge stayed cable. The vibration signal is de-noised. And from the particle filter, the vibration signal can be tracked and be predicted for a short time accurately. The simulation experiments and the actual experiments on the bridge stayed cable are all indicating that the particle filter algorithm in this paper has good performance and works stably.

Under the background of global economy and knowledge economy, the focus of the competition among enterprises is the competition among human resources, which are the most precious resources for modern enterprises. Enterprise culture is formed as a new managerial theory, demanding that human resource management pay more attention to humanity management and employee's personal development; fully mobilize human's positivity, initiative and creativity. And developing and exploiting human resource demands that the enterprise culture really focus on “human centered”. Therefore, there is the unity of human resources management and building enterprise culture. How to build enterprises culture within human resources management and embody that human is the focus in building enterprise culture? This paper adopts making enterprise culture development melt into the process of human resource management and improving contents of building enterprise culture within human resources management as concrete measures to deal with the question, which is most important for improving the managerial theory study and advancing the managerial level of enterprises in China.

A self-organized In0.5Ga0.5As/GaAs quantum island structure emitting at 1.35 mum at room temperature has been successfully fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy via cycled (InAs)(1)/GaAs)(1)monolayer deposition method. The photoluminescence measurement shows that a very narrow linewidth of 19.2 meV at 300 K has been reached for the first time, indicating effective suppression of inhomogeneous broadening of optical emission from the In0.5Ga0.5As island structure due to indium segregation reduction by introducing an AlAs layer and the strain reduction by inserting an In0.2Ga0.8As layer overgrown on the top of islands. The mound-like morphology of the islands elongated along the [1 (1) over bar0] azimuth are observed by the atomic force microscopy measurement, which reveals the fact that strain in the islands is partially relaxed along the [1 (1) over bar0] direction. Our results present important information for the fabrication of 1.3 mum wavelength quantum dot devices.

It is discussed how to detect the duplicated of partial contents between two documents in this paper. There are some algorithms which can detect similarity among documents. But these algorithms cannot detect the duplicated of partial contents in documents. A new effective algorithm of the duplicated of partial contents detection in documents is put forward in this paper. The new algorithm is using PSO algorithm to search the optimized partial contents which is the most similar in two documents. For PSO algorithm, it provides the encoding of the particles. A new related coefficient of strings is defined for strings similarity. And the new evaluation function of PSO is designed based on the related coefficient function. The hybrid mutation PSO algorithm is used for searching the most similar partial contents quickly and accurately. The simulation experiments indicate that the algorithm can search the most similar partial contents in two documents effectively.

Guaranteeing security of the sensor network is a challenging job due to the open wireless medium and energy constrained hardware. Jamming style Denial-of-Service attacks is the transmission of radio signals that disrupt communications by decreasing the signal to noise ratio. These attacks can easily be launched by jammer through, either bypassing MAC-layer protocols or emitting a radio signal targeted at blocking a particular channel. In this chapter, we survey different jamming attack models and metrics, and figure out the difficulty of detecting and defending such attacks. We also illustrate the existed detecting strategies involving signal strength and packet delivery ratio and defending mechanisms such as channel surfing, mapping jammed region, and timing channel. After that, we explore methods to localize a jammer, and propose an algorithm Geometric-Covering based Localization. Later, we discuss the future research issues in jamming sensor networks and corresponding countermeasures.

when facing one vector electronic map with correct spatial location information and the other one with correct physics attributes, it is a significant research work to rectify the latter one according to the prior one's correct spatial location information. The map-rectification which can rectify them to similar spatial location information is a method to save time and reduce the financial venture. But the exited software can't solve the problem completely. The block rectification precision, the rectifying time and other problems obstruct the applications of the rectifying software. The research of this dissertation focuses on the methods of map rectification, the flow-chart of map rectification and relative arithmetic. The main research works are as follows: (1) By reviewing the current research situation of map rectification, the characteristics of all kinds of methods are summed up. Comparing the exited methods, some principles which must be considered in developing software are also put forward. (2) Research on the principles and methods of map rectification based on Delaunay triangle helps to develop some relative arithmetic. (3) A new method of map rectification is explained in detail. A software system of vector map rectification based on VC is presented, and some experimentation results are shown.

The monitor process of athletes' training function is the basis to make the training move towards the preset aims. It also plays a key role in improving athletic ability, preventing exercise-induced fatigue and swift recovery. In order to make the monitor process in swimming training intelligent, automatic and dynamic, a monitor software has been developed based on Visual Basic 6.0 and Microsoft Access 2003 in the operating system Microsoft Windows 98SE/NT/Me/2000/XP with information management functions about the monitor and evaluation of athletes' physical fitness, function recovery instruction and training etc. And some relevant database has been established to give dynamic analyses about athletes' Physiological Biochemical Index and objective assessment about athletes' physical fitness which can offer individual therapy to the potential or existing problems. The software is mainly applied to the function assessment about athletes' Physiological Biochemical Index; meanwhile, the computerized management is an aid for coaches in making daily training plans, counting the training load and monitoring the swimmers' physical fitness.

The access control service has been an important orientation in the security research. In this paper, the essentiality of access control service in the E-Commerce Web was analyzed; the relative technologies were introduced at the same time. And through describing a concrete collaborative e-commerce platform, a detailed description of how to design and implementation of access control systems were explained in detail.

With the advancement of their information technology, many enterprises have accumulated a large amount of business data. We hope to analyze these data on a higher level in order to use then better. The current database systems are unable to find the association rules in data, and cannot predict the developing trend and lack method mining information and knowledge hidden behind the data information. The paper mines the vehicle maintenance database with association rules, and implements fault analysis of vehicle accessories.

The proposed broadcast authentication protocols for wireless sensor networks can be divided into two categories, protocols based on digital signature and protocols based on improved message authentication code. This paper implements and evaluates the performance of two broadcast authentication: TinyECC, which is based on ECDSA, and GBA, which is based on improved MAC. Through analysis of the performance difference of the two protocols, this paper proposes a hybrid broadcast authentication protocol (HBA). HBA achieves an appropriate compromise of security and performance according to packet value. The analysis and experiments show that HBA is efficient and practical.

Mobile Ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are non-infrastructure networks which consist of mobile nodes equipped with limited battery. In order to use energy efficiently, several energy consuming balance routing protocols have been proposed. These approaches use various metrics related to residual battery capacity in routing metric, but do not take the channel busy ratio into concerns. In this paper, we propose a novel routing protocol, called Busy-zone Avoidable Energy consume Balance Routing (BAEBR), combining the nodes' residual energy, channel busy ratio and hop counts together. Considering the mobility, we preferred on-demand routing protocol, and implemented based on the improvement of Ad hoc on demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol. Simulation results show that there are about 10% improvement on total delivered packets and delivery ratio at the same time control the packet delay.

The computer system for the production and sales of Shanghai Bao Steel Yi Chang Steel Strip Co., Ltd. is designed and developed. The CIMS structure is considered and some functions of which are incorporated in order to shorten the developing time. This system was implemented and applied successfully in the factory.

We demonstrate that the Mg-doping in barriers can partially screen the polarization fields of InGaN-based green light-emitting diodes. The photocurrent spectra show that the Mg-doping samples have smaller polarization fields and the blue shift of the peak with increasing current is observed. The reduction of polarization fields can be attributed to the screening of the impurity holes generated by the Mg atoms in the barriers. The efficiency droop is sensitive to the Mg-doping concentration in barriers, while the sample with Mg concentration of 5 × 1019 cm−3 exhibits the lowest efficiency degradation of 12.4% at a high injection current.

Objective Psychological stress has become an important factor in the development of cardiac disorders. MicroRNAs (miRNA) have been implicated in regulation of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we investigated whether miRNAs are involved in the psychological stress-induced cardiac disorders. Methods Stress rat models were established by complex stimulation at different times during the daytime for 2 weeks. Body weight, blood pressure and ECG were measured) every 3 days during processing stress. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) was measured by using ELISA. Cardiac changes were detected by HE staining and electronic microscopy. MicroRNA microarray was used for analysing the differential expression of miRNAs. Results After psychological stress, rats displayed change in behaviour. Body weight increased slowly and systolic blood pressure increased significantly in stress group from the 6th day to the 15th day. The ECG of all rats was normal before experiment. 2 weeks after stimulation the ECG record of different individuals in stress group showed different arrhythmia, including sinus tachycardia, atrial premature contraction, ventricular arrhythmia, and ST-T changes. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity increased in stress group compared to control group by detecting ACTH. And the ultrastructure and histology showed injury changes in stress group. Compared to the control group, there were 55 different miRNAs in stress model including upregulation of 20 and downregulation of left, among which miRNA-141, miRNA−382, miRNA-219-5p and miRNA-296 up-regulate, miRNA-135a and miRNA-466b are significant down-regulate. Conclusions Complex stimulation can induce psychological stress, which can cause cardiac injury. MiRNAs change in stress rat models, including upregulation of miR-141, miR−382, miR-219-5p and miR-296, and significant downregulation of miR-135a and miR-466b, which may play important roles in psychological stress-induced cardiac disorders. (Supported by research grant NSFC 30940041).

The filter made up of two gratings performs as a two-dimensional non-spatial filtering. This paper reports that the volume Bragg gratings are fabricated by interfering two collimated coherent laser beams in photopolymer. Diffraction efficiency of a single grating is up to 78% in Bragg's condition, then a two-dimensional non-spatial filter, which consists of two volume Bragg gratings and a half-wave plate, enables the laser beam filtered in two dimensions with the diffraction efficiency of 54%. The Bragg's condition and effect of polarisation on performances of the two-dimension filter are also discussed.

Complex microstructures of liquid-crystalline polymers in nonhomogenous shear flow are studied by element free Galerkin (EFG) method based on the micro-macro dualscale model. The dualscale model combines the orientational diffusion equation in microscale with the flow governing equations in macroscale. The EFG method which has the merits of high accuracy and good stability can ensure the reliability of the simulation results. One simple and five composite structures of liquid-crystalline polymers in nonhomogenous shear flow are predicted by studying the influences of Deborah number on microstructures of liquid-crystalline polymers in plane Poiseuille flow. It shows that the instabilities in the transition region of the composite structures can cause some defects.

We observed the characteristics of high energy nanosecond chirped pulse by spectral-resolved streak camera，which works well with energetic chirped pulse of nanosecond pulse duration. At the same time，it can monitor the alignment of grating compressor. The measurement results show that the pulse generated by PW demonstration facility is linearly chirped，verifying the compressibility of amplified nanosecond pulse.

Optical properties of Al0.9Ga0.1As/AlyGa1-yAs/GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs DBR with inhomogeneous graded interfaces has been investigated by using characteristic matrix method. The refractive index model and the analytic characteristic matrix of graded interfaces are obtained. The reflectance spectrum and the reflective phase shift are calculated for GaAs/Al0.9Ga0.1As DBR and graded interfaces DBR by using characteristic matrix method. The effect of graded interfaces on the optical properties of DBR is discussed. The result shows an extra graded phase matching layer must be added in front of the graded interfaces DBR to fulfil the conditions of phase matching at central wavelength. The accurate thickness of phase matching layer is calculated by optical thickness approximation method.

Based on the time dependent theory of random lasers, which was established via combining Maxwell equations with the rate equations of a four-level atomic system, the output intensity of lasing modes varying with the pump rate and area as well as the medium's size and shape is simulated for two-dimensional random media by use of the finite difference time domain method. Results show that the pump-rate dependence of the output intensity presents not only a threshold property, but also a saturation property, just like that of the lasing modes in conventional lasers. Based on the dependence of mode property on the medium's and pump's parameters, the mode-selection approaches are proposed for two-dimensional random lasers, which are quite different from those performed in conventional lasers.

The multipass amplification characters of the chirped pulse in gain medium were studied with the Schrdinger equation and population equation. The inverse problem of multipass amplification of the chirped pulse was studied and simulated by means of the Split-step Fourier and iteration methods, to find the profile of the input pulse from the given output pulse and multipass amplification parameters. The results are useful for the multipass amplification and design of the pulse shaping of the chirped pulse.

Laser pulse durations are dominated by the spectral bandwidths in chirped pulse amplification systems.Therefore,gain narrowing during amplification is one of the most important factors that limits the minimal pulse durations of compressed pulses in high_power ultrashort_pulse laser systems.The gain narrowing can be compensated by applying an acousto_optic programmable dispersive filter(AOPDF) to the laser system.Here we present the experiments and results with an AOPDF for the 200_TW Ti:sapphire laser.The spectral bandwidth is increased from the original 27?nm to 44?nm.The pulse duration correspondingly is decreased from 60?fs to 30?fs and thus the output pulse power is doubled.

InAs self-assembled quantum dots(QDs) covered by 3-nm-thick InxGa1-xAs(0 less than or equal tox less than or equal to0.3) capping layer have been grown on GaAs(100) substrate. Transmission electron microscopy shows that InGaAs layer reduces the strain in the InAs islands,and atomic force microscopy evidences the deposition of InGaAs on the top of InAs islands when x = 0.3.The significant redshift of the photoluminescence (PL) peak energy and the reduction of PL linewidth of InAs quantum dots covered by InGaAs are observed. In addition,InGaAs overgrowth layer suppresses the temperature sensitivity of PL peak energy. Based on our analysis, the strain-reduction and the size distribution of the InAs QDs are the main cause of the redshift and temperature insensitivity of the PL respectively.

A novel and more realistic calculation model and method for multipass laser pulse amplification has been put forward based upon the double side pumping scheme. We present here the systematic calculation and analysis on the amplification characteristics of the double side pumped confocal cavity Ti:sapphire amplifier and the chirped pulse multipass amplification through a new amplification configuration. Our experimental results show good agreement with the calculations. With such amplifier,the pass number is noticably reduced and some electro optical elements in regenerative amplifiers have been omitted.

To investigate the effect of clopidogrel polymorphism on platelet reactivity and clinical outcome. 236 PCI-treated patients were recruited and followed up for one year in a cardiovascular monocenter. All blood samples of patients were collected, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) were genotyped.