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Background: Congenital fusion of atlas to the basiocciput is defined as atlanto-occipital assimilation/occipitalization of atlas.Case report: During the norma basalis demonstration session of skull, we have noticed an assimilation/occipitalization of atlas vertebra. Atlas fusion may be complete or partial; assimilation of atlas is associated with neurovascular and skeletal anomalies.Conclusion: Atlanto-occipital fusion may reduce the dimensions of foramen magnum thereby leads to brain stem compression causing the consequent neurological complications. Present case may pose difficulty in performing cisternal puncture. This anomaly has high clinical significance as it mimics the Arnold Chiari malformation.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(1) 2018 p.169-171

The brachialis muscle is one of the chief flexors of the upper arm, and its variation can affect the movements of the elbow joint. This case report presents a rare case of a large accessory brachialis muscle in the right arm that comes with an abnormal aponeurosis. The aponeurosis from the distal part of the aberrant muscle arches over the radial artery and is attached to the deep fascia of the right forearm. While rare, the presence of an accessory brachialis muscle coupled with the unusual aponeurosis can lead to compression of the radial artery, causing radial artery entrapment syndrome and creating potential difficulties in the catheterisation of the radial artery.

Axillary artery is a continuation of subclavian artery, extending from the outer border of first rib to the lower border of teres major muscle.During routine dissection for the undergraduate medical students, a rare variations was seen in an approximately 55‑year‑old male cadaver. This case showed a variation in branching pattern of right axillary and subscapular arteries. The subscapular artery originated from 2nd part of axillary artery, gave origin to posterior circumflex humeral and lateral thoracic arteries in addition to its normal branches. The ulnar artery originated from the 3rd part of the axillary artery, just above the lower border of teres major muscle. The variant ulnar artery passed deep to the median cubital vein, bicipital aponeurosis, and tendon of palmaris longus muscle. Then, it passed superficial to flexor digitorum superficialis muscle and flexor retinaculum to enter the palm. In the palm, it formed the superficial palmar arch. This variant ulnar artery was much smaller in caliber than the radial artery.