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The article presents significant changes in the field of education, taking place in connection with the active and systematic application of digital information technologies. The main directions of development of informatization of domestic education in conditions of realization of opportunities of digital information technologies are justified and described. The high-level characteristics of the main components of traditional pedagogical science (including didactics) and pedagogical science in conditions of informatization of education of the period of digital technologies have been revealed. The definition of didactics of digital information technology period is presented.

International audience; The volcanic-hydrothermal geo-diversity of the Basse-Terre Island of Guadeloupe archipelago (Eastern Caribbean, France) is a major asset of the Caribbean bio-geoheritage. In this paper, we use Guadeloupe as a representative of many small island developing states (SIDS), to show that the volcanic-hydrothermal geodiversity is a major resource and strategic thread for resilience and sustainability. These latter are related to the specific richness of Guadeloupe’s volcanic-geothermal diversity, which is de facto inalienable even in the wake of climate change and natural risks that are responsible for this diversity, i.e., volcanic eruptions. We propose the interweaving the specificity of volcanic-geothermal diversity into planning initiatives for resilience and sustainability. Among these initiatives research and development programs focused on the knowledge of geodiversity, biodiversity and related resources and risks are central for the long-term management of the water resource, lato sensu. Such a management should include a comprehensive scientific observatory for the characterization, exploration, and sustainable exploitation of the volcanic-hydrothermal geodiversity alongside planning for and mitigating geophysical risks related to sudden volcanic-induced phenomena and long-term systemic drifts due to climate change. The results of this exercise for Guadeloupe could typify innovative paths for similar SIDS around their own volcanic-hydrothermal geodiversity.

IntroductionPatients with OCD usually require higher dosages of serotonin reuptake inhibiting (SRI) drugs than is used for the treatment of depression. This observation resulted in treatment-refractory patients being occasional prescribed selective SRI drugs above the normal upper limit of prescribing. Previous studies have shown that these high doses are well tolerated.ObjectivesWe decided to investigate the blood levels of patients on dosages of sertraline that were above the normal therapeutic range.MethodSuccessive patients treated by the National Inpatient Service for OCD/BDD who were treatment refractory and prescribed > 200 mg sertraline per day were included. All had previously received 2+ trials of different SRIs for > 3months each as well as been offered augmentation with dopamine blockers and at 2+ trials of exposure and response-prevention. All patients scored in the profoundly ill range of the Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale.Sertraline was titrated in 50 mg increases every 2–4 weeks up to a maximum of 400 mg. Blood samples were taken after their morning dose. This was after the patients had stabilised for at least 2 weeks on the higher doses.ResultsSeventeen patients were included in the study and received sertraline dosages ranging from 225 mg to 400 mg per day. Blood levels were within therapeutic range or below for all patients. Following treatment within the service, these patients generally showed an improvement of an average of improvement of 43% on the YBOCS.ConclusionsA subgroup of patients with profound refractory OCD seem to either malabsorb or rapidly metabolise sertraline resulting in lower than therapeutic blood levels.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Accurate positional measurements of planets and satellites are used to improve our knowledge of their dynamics and to infer the accuracy of planet and satellite ephemerides. In the framework of the FP7 ESPaCE project, we provide the positions of Mars, Phobos, and Deimos taken with the U.S. Naval Observatory 26-inch refractor during the 1971 opposition of the planet. These plates were measured with the digitizer of the Royal Observatory of Belgium and reduced through an optimal process that includes image, instrumental, and spherical corrections to provide the most accurate data. We compared the observed positions of the planet Mars and its satellites with the theoretical positions from INPOP10 and DE430 planetary ephemerides, and from NOE and MAR097 satellite ephemerides. The rms residuals in RA and Dec. of one position is less than 60 mas, or about 20 km at Mars. This accuracy is comparable to the most recent CCD observations. Moreover, it shows that astrometric data derived from photographic plates can compete with those of old spacecraft (Mariner 9, Viking 1 and 2)., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures

Resume Nous rapportons ici le septieme cas publie, a notre connaissance, de purpura thrombotique thrombocytopenique associe a une maladie de Still. Un dosage de la protease ADAMTS 13 nous avait permis d'affirmer le caractere secondaire du PTT. Une amelioration clinique et biologique avait conduit a arreter le traitement par echanges plasmatiques mais une recidive en 24 heures nous obligeait a poursuivre ce traitement dix jours de plus. Le moment adequat pour suspendre les echanges plasmatiques et sur quels parametres se baser restent a determiner.

Resume La rupture spontanee de l'œsophage est une pathologie rare mais grave qui survient en general chez des patients ethyliques apres un effort de vomissement. Son pronostic depend de la precocite du diagnostic et du traitement. Suspecte cliniquement par l'association vomissement, douleur thoracique et emphyseme souscutane cervical, le diagnostic n'est pas toujours assure par les examens complementaires tels que la radiographie pulmonaire ou le transit œsophagien aux produits hydrosolubles. L'examen tomodensitometrique thoracique est classiquement indique en cas de tableau clinique evocateur avec transit œsophagien negatif ou en cas de ruptures œsophagiennes vues tardivement. Cet examen, couple au transit œsophagien a permis un diagnostic precoce de certitude et un bilan lesionnel precis chez 3 patients. Un traitement chirurgical a ete realise chez les 3 malades qui ont tous evolue favorablement. La tomodensitometrie thoracique associee au transit œsophagien aux produits hydrosolubles peut etre proposee comme examen de premiere intention dans les perforations spontanees de l'œsophage.

ISBN 978-1-4577-1678-2; This paper has been granted the OUTSTANDING PAPER AWARD; International audience; This work has introduced a new electrical aging assessment framework for digital systems, based upon strong physics-based foundations and an adequate bottom-up approach which enables propagating accurate reliability knowledge at system level. This work opens new ways to optimize high level digital systems with respect to aging with great accuracy.

ISBN 978-1-4577-0222-8; International audience; We demonstrate here for the first time that it is possible by a bottom-up approach to build transistor- and gate-level models with enough accuracy to allow direct comparison with experimental degradations at system-level. This work opens new ways to optimize high level digital systems with respect to aging with great accuracy.

A first set of shock timing, laser-plasma interaction, hohlraum energetics and hydrodynamic experiments have been performed using the first 4 beams of the National Ignition Facility (NIF), in support of indirect drive Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) and High Energy Density Physics (HEDP). In parallel, a robust set of optical and X-ray spectrometers, interferometer, calorimeters and imagers have been activated. The experiments have been undertaken with laser powers and energies of up to 8 TW and 17 kJ in flattop and shaped 1–9 ns pulses focused with various beam smoothing options. The experiments have demonstrated excellent agreement between measured and predicted laser-target coupling in foils and hohlraums, even when extended to a longer pulse regime unattainable at previous laser facilities, validated the predicted effects of beam smoothing on intense laser beam propagation in long scale-length plasmas and begun to test 3D codes by extending the study of laser driven hydrodynamic jets to 3D geometries.

Supply-voltage reduction is a known technique for reducing CMOS active power. We propose a semi-custom voltage-island approach based on internal regulation and selective custom design. This approach enables transparent embedding, since no additional external power supply is needed. We apply the approach to high-speed serial links, and we show that high performance is retained through targeted application of custom circuit and logic design. A chip is presented that evaluates the presented approach on a 3000-gate 3.2-Gbps multi-protocol serial-link receiver logic core. When reducing the supply from 1.2V to 0.95V, the chip demonstrates power savings of over 25%.

The concept and the operation of micromachined monolithic 2D Microscanner are reported. Quartz material is used for its bulk micromachining capability as well as for its piezoelectric properties. Due to direct and reverse piezoelectric effect, the used design allowed to integrate both actuators and displacement sensor. A finite element calculation was performed to predict the operation principle of the microscanner. It consists of a movable table supported by four meander-line springs. On each spring metallic electrodes are deposited to induce strain allowing to move the table. The displacement measurement can be performed by electrical charges measurement on opposite spring. Preliminary results show the static and dynamic displacement capability. In static mode, a displacement of few microns can be obtained under a 150 V DC driving voltage. At resonance frequency, the vibration amplitude can reach 150 micrometers in X direction and 50 micrometers in Y direction. In comparison to conventional tube scanners, the advantages of micromachined monolithic microscanner, are low cost fabrication, large displacement range and close loop capability.

Ethics for lawyers and ethics for judges have the same ultimate goal: ensuring that the personal and professional activities of lawyers and judges are governed in a manner that achieves justice and the appearance of justice in legal proceedings. However, the rules governing the two professions, the mechanisms for enforcement of these rules, and the methods of training vary substantially. Judges come to the bench from varied backgrounds. Some have considerable experience as litigators, while others have little or no courtroom experience. Judges are governmental employees, work for society as a whole, and are paid a salary. In states that elect judges, continuation in office depends on successful political campaigns. Although some lawyers work in the public sector, most are in private practice and depend on client fees for their livelihood. Lawyers are advocates rather than decisionmakers. Because of these fundamental differences, the institutions that educate people to be lawyers, and in many instances provide for the continuing education of lawyers, are not the institutions that have been created to train judges. The National Judicial College ("NJC") is an institution with the specific mission to train judges. Because of its unique mission, structure, and participant body, a brief history of NJC may be helpful to a discussion of its role and procedures in teaching ethics to judges. Following this discussion is a companion history of the notion of judicial ethics, which draws the distinction between ethics for lawyers and judges necessary to explain NJC's function.

The potential for conflicts of interest to arise in the private for-profit rehabilitation sector has been a major concern among professionals in the field for a number of years. Central to the issue have been factors such as the strong profit motive, the diversity of background and qualification levels among private practitioners, and the lack of regulations to govern the activities of the private rehabilitation sector. As the field of rehabilitation continues to strive toward attaining professional status, efforts by the private sector to reduce potential conflicts of interest are necessary. Development of enforceable ethical codes, enhanced professional authority, and the use of program evaluation are among the measures suggested to reduce potential conflicts of interest in the private sector.

Young people who find themselves in juvenile court facilities constitute a group who traditionally have displayed a high incidence of health problems. Many have had inadequate care in the past, and enter with preexisting medical and dental conditions. Whether or not they are in good physical health, they often are handicapped in the area of mental health. The conditions which necessitate removing them from their homes and placing them in institutions may aggravate, or even cause, physical and mental health problems. When society undertakes to remove children and youth from their homes and place them in institutions away from the care of their parents, it assumes certain obligations. Among these obligations is care of their physical and mental health. Health programs in juvenile court facilities must be broad and comprehensive and must go beyond the mere provision of medical care. The extent of the health care which should be offered to an individual will depend on the length of time he is in the institution. But, every institution which confines juveniles should have a health program designed to protect and promote the physical and mental well-being of residents, to discover those in need of short-term or long-term medical and dental treatment, and to contribute to their rehabilitation by appropriate diagnosis and treatment and provision of continuity of care following release. The standards given here are designed to attain these goals. ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE OF THE HEALTH PROGRAM Health Council 1. Each institution should have a multidisciplinary health council to set the policies of the health program. 2. The council may be organized within the institution or by the authority which operates the institution.

Whereas, certain minors are not obtaining adequate medical, dental, or other health care due to current legal and medical obstacles, Whereas, providers of medical, dental, and other health care are now vulnerable to legal action for giving care to minors, Whereas, there is a need for coordination, stimulation, and support of access to medical, dental, and other health care for certain minors in need of such care without violating the rights of parents to protect and promote their minors' health, Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of-----,as follows: Section 1. For the purposes of this act: (1) "Minor" means any person under the age of majority as defined by the State statute or under 18 years of age, whichever is lower; (2) "Health Professional" means state licensed physician, psychologist, dentist, osteopathic physician, nurse, and other licensed health practitioner; (3) "Health Services" means health services specified by the state, appropriately delivered by different health professionals including examination, preventive and curative treatment, operation, hospilization (admission or discharge), giving or receiving blood and blood derivatives, receiving organ transplantation, pledging donation of organs after death, the use of anesthetics, and receiving contraceptive advice and devices; (4) The masculine shall include the feminine. Section 2. Any person who reaches the age of majority or 18 years of age or is on active duty with or has served in any branch of the Armed Forces of the United States shall be considered an adult in so far as the consent for health services is concerned.

Part 11 of the Federal Communications Commission’s Rules and Regulations—Rules Governing Industrial Radio Services, effective July 1, 1949, now governs the use of radio in connection with geophysical prospecting. Paragraph 11.57e specifies that an application for authority to operate on one of the frequencies in the range 1.6–6.0 mc must be fully justified and accompanied by a showing that it is impossible to use a higher order of frequencies for accomplishment of the same purposes. This applies to the traditional medium frequencies 1602 to 1700 kc used in geophysical prospecting communications.

The pediatrician can be useful to the young person with a drug problem if he: (1) is aware of the different motivations for drug abuse by adolescents and how to approach them, (2) recognizes the need for confidentiality, (3) provides factual information in a non-authoritarian manner and listens and counsels as indicated, and (4) manipulates the environment-to relieve school and family pressures and to help youngsters find better challenges. Drug abuse in children and adolescents is a major source of concern to parents, educators, law enforcement agencies, and physicians. For the pediatrician as well as the others, a challenge exists to find more appropriate ways of help for young people who turn to drug abuse for the answer that is not there.

The American Academy of Pediatrics is deeply concerned with the increasing social health problems in today's society, particularly those that relate to the function of the family as a unit and to the behavior of its children and youth. Some of the signs of the serious social, moral, and ethical crisis facing us are: increasing illegitimacy, early marriage, dangerous drug use, rising incidence of venereal disease, family fragmentation manifested in divorce, and lack of restraint within the mass media in presenting sexually stimulating material to young and immature persons. It is the Academy's conviction that all segments of the society of responsible adults, lay and professional, must mobilize now in support of personal and collective action to help children and adolescents grow to a healthy maturity as intellectually, socially, and sexually secure individuals. We join with other national organizations, such as the National Congress of Parents and Teachers, the American Medical Association, the National Education Association, and support the interfaith statement of the nation's major religions in officially supporting health education, including family life and sex education. We urge programs that will create a vigorous and healthy social climate in which family life can flourish and which foster mature sexual behavior in each individual. With this larger goal in mind, we propose and endorse the following general programs and actions. 1. Every concerned adult, lay or professional, must be encouraged to examine his own values and behaviors in order to develop an openness which permits a meaningful rapport with children and youth.

In a previous statement approved by the Executive Board of the American Academy of Pediatrics, and subsequently by the House of Delegates of the American Medical Association, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists emphasized the magnitude of the problem of teenage pregnancy and the responsibilities of professionals involved in the care of these young people. Rapid changes in contemporary attitudes and in legislation have caused many physicians and their patients to consider abortion as an acceptable solution to an unwanted pregnancy in adolescent girls. These changes place a heavy responsibility on pediatricians and other physicians caring for adolescents, particularly in regard to their special need for compassionate and considerate understanding. Although the American Academy of Pediatrics prefers neither to sanction nor to forbid the use of abortion to terminate an unwanted pregnancy in the teen-age girl, it does have the responsibility to insist that physicians considering this recourse provide for appropriate counseling and support for these adolescent girls and other involved persons, including the young fathers. In circumstances where the pediatrician is unable to provide adequate counseling support, he should act as the pivotal person in arranging for a social worker, pastor, or other experienced counselor to conduct this essential of care, both before and after the procedure. Consistent with his accredited role in preventive medicine, the pediatrician must make certain that adequate information and sex counseling are available to his teenage patients. Contraceptive advice and prescription for the sexually active teenage girl should be accompanied by investigation and alteration of contributing issues wherever possible.

In October 1970, the Academy identified itself with those who favored Separating marijuana from the group of drugs subject to stringent narcotic laws. It recommended that individuals who were found to be in possession of the drug for personal use, or were present where the drug was being used, should be charged with a misdemeanor rather than a felony.1 Subsequently, the Committee on Drugs in a statement on drug abuse legislation noted its concern with marijuana.2 This position is based on the fact that marijuana is clearly not a narcotic and does not appear to have a potential for physical dependence. It should not be construed, however, as favoring the legalization of marijuana. A decision in this regard must await the development of further research on the properties of the drug. The potency of marijuana has not been standardized and may vary widely. Furthermore, anecdotal accounts exist of the adulteration of marijuana with other chemical agents to produce a more profound effect. It has therefore been difficult to determine with precision the effects of marijuana as it is commonly used. The limited research findings that are currently available would not appear to indicate any significant harmful physical effects from the smoking by humans of moderate amounts of plain marijuana. The recent report from the Department of Health, Education and Welfare3 states that "although the state of intoxication is frequently vivid as described by the (marijuana) user, an observer may see little change from a normal state. Mild states of intoxication often go completely undetected. Physiological changes are notably minimal."

Silicon wafers are usually thermally processed to generate SiO/sub x/ microprecipitates which play a key role in the intrinsic gettering of the residual metallic atoms and control the device yield and performance. In the latter the authors report the direct imaging of the defect distributions obtained by laser scanning tomography. Typical Si materials were analysed with various levels of oxygen doping and annealing. It is shown that small nucleation sites give rise to a weak background of scattered light, whereas larger clusters appear as bright points. Densities are evaluated down to a level below the minimum etch pits detection limit. >

The quasi-random model of band absorption provides a means for the accurate representation of molecular absorption over finite frequency intervals. It does not suffer from the limitations of the Elsasser and statistical models. The spacing between actual spectral lines is not constant nor does it vary in a random manner. The essential features of the actual arrangement of these lines are reproduced in the quasi-random model by the division of the frequency interval of interest into much smaller intervals within which the lines are assumed to be arranged at random. The actual intensity distribution including the important effect of the numerous weak lines is accurately simulated. A new expression for the transmittance related to a finite frequency interval is derived. The absorption from the wings of the spectral lines in other intervals is taken into account. Through these and other features the quasi-random model provides a means of accurately representing molecular absorptance over finite frequency intervals.

The infrared transmittance of water vapor has been calculated over a wide range of path lengths, pressures, and temperatures. All contributing lines whose relative intensity is greater than 10−8 times that of the strongest line in any particular band have been included in the calculation. In addition, the contributions from the four major isotopic species have been included. Although the vibrational analysis has been done exactly, the rotational contributions for some of the weaker lines have been calculated from the symmetric rotator approximation. This approximation was not used for the frequencies and intensities of the stronger lines below 3400 cm−1 which are correctly included in the calculations. The final transmittance tables have been generated using the quasi-random model of molecular band absorption.

Problems relating to human reproduction are among the critical issues of our time, and it is appropriate that pediatricians contribute to the solution of these problems. The changing dimensions of comprehensive pediatric care, more specifically the significant numbers of pregnancies being reported in young persons, support this position. For example, national statistics show that 44% of all pregnancies occur in persons under 20, and one out of four mothers on Aid to Families with Dependent Children in New York is pregnant before 16. At least four roles can be identified for the pediatrician: 1. Genetic counseling: the pediatrician has already become proficient in giving knowledge to parents of the incidence of inborn errors of metabolism, chromosomal abnormalities, and other problems associated with genetic inheritance patterns. 2. Sex education: he often provides sex education to individual patients, families, and parents, in addition to teaching groups in his own practice and in schools, churches, or youth organizations. 3. Family planning and pregnancy counseling: he may provide assistance in these areas in behalf of the parents or adolescents. This assistance may involve a wide range of clinical advice and treatment, including the concept of spacing (rhythm method), contraceptive devices, or oral medication, whatever is considered most suitable for the individual. All alternatives for dealing with an unwanted pregnancy should be seriously discussed with the teenage girl and the other persons involved, including the parents if feasible. The pediatrician is in a unique position by the nature of his close association and relationship with the adolescent patient to provide this important personal service.

The spectral emissivity of hydrogen chloride from 1000–3400 cm−1 is calculated as a function of temperature, pressure, and amount of radiating gas. The emissivity was calculated with the aid of an electronic computer from the usual expressions for the energy and intensity taking into account up to 2900 spectral lines at 2400°K. The harmonic oscillator approximation was used to evaluate the electric dipole matrix element for the higher vibrational states where no experimental measurements have been made. The emission from HCl35, HCl37, DCl35, and DCl37 was included in the calculation. The statistical model and the random Elsasser model were used to calculate the emissivity from the line strengths. The characteristic shift of the emission to lower frequencies as the temperature increases is quantitatively explained. The emission in this frequency region of any flame containing HCl can readily be obtained from these results.

The infrared transmittance of carbon dioxide has been calculated over a wide range of path lengths, pressures, and temperatures from 500 to 10,000 cm−1. Values of the transmittance are given at intervals of 2.5 cm−1. In addition, transmittance values are also given which have been averaged over larger intervals. All contributing spectral lines whose relative intensity is greater than 10−8 that of the strongest line in any particular band have been included in the calculation. In addition, the contributions from the eight major isotopic species have been included. The calculation of the vibrational energy levels included terms through the third power of the vibrational quantum number and also the effects of Fermi resonance. The final transmittance tables were generated using the quasi-random model of molecular band absorption.

In 2009 a new three year EU funded project (QBOL) started on DNA barcoding of important plant pests. An international consortium of 20 partners (universities, research institutes, and phytosanitary organizations) from around the world, coordinated by Plant Research International (Wageningen, the Netherlands), will collect DNA barcodes from many plant pathogenic quarantine organisms, store these sequences in a database accessible over the internet, develop a DNA bank and train end-users. All these activities should help National Plant Protection Services in the correct identification and detection of plant pathogenic quarantine organisms. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 OEPP/EPPO.