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Perforation is used in multilayer tissue products, such as toilet and kitchen papers, as part of the converting process. Perforation facilitates the detachment of consecutive sheets by the user. The compromise between the strength required to detach a perforated sheet and the strength required to break a sheet affects the perforation efficiency. In this work, the mechanical behaviors of 15 commercial papers from different European producers were studied. A morphological analysis of the materials was performed, followed by the determination of their perforation efficiency (through tensile tests). A qualitative analysis of the cuts quality, along with a quantitative analysis of the same cuts dimensions was performed through an optical system. Finally, the stress concentration in the holes and the influence of the cuts distance were analyzed using a finite element model implemented in Abaqus/Standard finite element software. The results showed that a cut distance of 2.0 mm should not be used in these types of papers, and the perforation efficiency increased with the cut distance, regardless of the number of plies in the toilet paper. The stress concentration factor was also determined to have a limit value of 0.11. Papers above this limit value tear at the perforation line, as desired.

In spring 2020 , the pandemic began shutting down the world—restaurants, colleges, even entire cities felt emptied and closed. A cloud of uncertainty lingered over most parts of the world and altered our daily schedules and tasks. But for a wide segment of society, it wasn’t the toilet paper, or the masks, or the isolation from their families that hurt the worst—it was the sudden uncertainty around one of the most fundamental aspects of our lives: reproduction.

What if things had a voice? What if we could talk directly to things instead of using a mediating voice interface such as an Alexa or a Google Assistant? In this paper, we share our insights from talking to a pair of boots, a tampon, a perfume bottle, and toilet paper among other everyday things to explore their conversational capabilities. We conducted Thing Interviews using a more-than-human design approach to discover a thing’s perspectives, worldviews and its relations to other humans and nonhumans. Based on our analysis of the speculative conversations, we identified some themes characterizing the emergent qualities of people’s relationships with everyday things. We believe the themes presented in the paper may inspire future research on designing everyday things with conversational capabilities at home.

Background: To determine the effects of an educational playful intervention on nasal hygiene behaviors among preschool (3-4 years old) children. Methods: A quasi-experimental before-after study was conducted with 39 children attending public daycare center in Sao Paulo, Brazil. A group-based intervention consisted of two educational sessions to promote healthy behaviors for nasal hygiene. It was adopted playful strategies such as a story told by puppets, card games and simulation of nasal hygiene in front of the mirror. The outcome was evaluated by observing six healthy behaviors for nasal hygiene one week before and after the intervention. Differences in the outcome before and after the intervention were tested using Wilcoxon signed rank test and McNemar’s test. Results: The median of healthy nasal hygiene behaviors went from 3.0 to 4.0 after the intervention, with a significant statistical difference (P=0.0004) and a difference of behaviors. After the intervention, forcing the air out of one opened nostril increased from 5.1%to 30.8% (P=0.001, CI 95%: 0-0.440), forcing the air out of the other nostril increased from 5.1% to 28.2% (P=0.003/CI 95%: 0-0.50), throwing the piece of toilet paper in the garbage increased from 53.8% to 87.21% (P=0.04, CI 95%: 0.035-0.65), and sanitizing the hands with soap and water increased from 15.4% to 43.6% (P=0.039-0.76). Conclusion: the educational playful intervention improved the autonomy of preschoolers to adopt healthy nasal hygiene behaviors.

Study aim The aim of this study was to develop a Minimum Data Set for Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis (MDS-IAD), to psychometrically evaluate and pilot test the instrument in nursing homes. Comparable to the MDS for pressure ulcers, the MDS-IAD aims to collect epidemiological data and evaluate the quality of care. Materials and methods After designing and content/face validation by experts and clinicians, staff nurses assessed 108 residents (75.9% female, 77.8% double incontinent) in a convenience sample of five wards. A second nurse independently assessed fifteen residents to calculate inter-rater agreement (p0) and reliability [Cohen's Kappa (ĸ)]. Results The ĸ-value for ‘urinary incontinence’ was 0.68 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37–0.99] and 0.55 (95% CI 0.27–0.82) for ‘faecal incontinence’. The p0 for severity categorisation according to the Ghent Global IAD Categorisation Tool (GLOBIAD) was 0.60. IAD was diagnosed in 21.3% of the residents. IAD management mainly involved the application of a leave-on product (66.7%), no-rinse foams (49.1%), toilet paper (47.9%), and water and soap (38.8%). Fully adequate prevention or treatment was provided to respectively 3.6% and 8.7% of the residents. Conclusion This instrument provides valuable insights in IAD prevalence at organisational level, will allow benchmarking between organisations, and will support policy makers. Future testing in other healthcare settings is recommended.

This chapter examines panic-buying (PB) as byproduct of pandemics. Panic buying is associated with disasters including pandemics. If and when disasters become more prominent and prevalent, understanding phenomena like PB becomes an important part of disaster communication and disaster management. Panic buying of toilet paper was examined during the international Covid-19 crisis of 2019–2020 in an effort to study and explain the behavior of PB, who panic buyers are, which drivers motivate PB as well as the socio-psychological explanations of panic-buying found in the existing literature. The chapter concludes with some recommendations to reduce PB in the future. This is a snapshot of a behavior intrinsic to disasters of all sorts and should serve as both explicative and proscriptive warnings.

Foreign body is one of the most common emergencies in the otolaryngology department. It is often seen in children and can be seen in adults. The foreign body of the nasal cavity is a foreign substance. The nasal cavity can be divided into two major categories: abiotic foreign bodies and biotic (animal and plant) foreign bodies. Abiotic foreign objects such as all kinds of materials, small toys (including plastic, glass, metal etc.), toilet paper and button batteries; plants such as peanuts, nuts, beans, foreign body; dynamic foreign objects such as insects and leeches are commonly found in the tropics. Sometimes when you sneeze at the time of trauma, vomiting, or eating, after surgery causes the nasal foreign body, and the small foreign body of the nasal cavity can be retained for a long time to form the nasal stone. The clinical manifestations of unilateral nasal obstruction and purulent nasal discharge complication nasosinusitis.

Objective: Electric toilet seats with water spray (bidets) are gaining in popularity all over the world. However, the extent of reduction in microbial contamination of hands with the use of bidets after defecation is not known. Methods: The microbe contamination of hands with and without the use of bidets after defecation with the participation of 32 nursing students was studied. Double gloves were worn on the dominant hand and four layers of toilet paper were used to wipe the buttocks after defecation and the microbe contamination of the second glove (outer glove) of the double gloves was examined. The volunteers were free to select flow volume, wash time of the bidet and even the type of bidet for use was left up the individual. Results: Without the use of a bidet, the average value ± standard deviation of the number of microbe attached to the gloves was 39,449.3 ± 77,768.3 colony forming units (cfu) / glove; however, it was 4,146.9 ± 11,427.7 cfu / glove when a bidet was used.The number of microbe adhering to gloves was significantly reduced when a bidet was used (p Conclusion: It was discovered that reduction of microbe contamination of hands was possible with the use of bidets after defecation.

Supply chains become stressed when demand for essential products increases rapidly in times of crisis. This year, the scourge of coronavirus highlighted the fragility of diverse supply chains, affecting the world’s pipeline of hand sanitizer, 1 toilet paper,2 and pharmaceutical starting materials. 3 Many drug repurposing studies are now underway. 4 If a winning therapeutic emerges, it is unlikely that the existing inventory of the medicine, or even the chemical raw materials needed to synthesize it,5 will be available in the quantities required to satisfy global demand. We show the use of a retrosynthetic artificial intelligence (AI) 6-10 to navigate multiple parallel synthetic sequences, and arrive at plausible alternate reagent supply chains for twelve investigational COVID-19 therapeutics. In many instances, the AI utilizes C–H functionalization logic, 11-13 and we have experimentally validated several syntheses, including a route to the antiviral umifenovir that requires functionalization of six C–H bonds. This general solution to chemical supply chain reinforcement will be useful during global disruptions, such as during a pandemic.

The current COVID-19 pandemic has changed many people’s lives. Some people have responded to the rising of the pandemic by engaging in panic buying behaviors, a phenomenon that has not been well-understood in the past. People who believe in these conspiracies may experience a heightened sense of powerlessness and vulnerability. As a result, they may be particularly susceptible to palliatively and compensatorily engage in the panic buying behaviors (i.e., stockpiling). Supporting this idea, two studies using data from the U.K. (cross-sectional) and the U.S. (longitudinal) show that people who endorse COVID-19 conspiracy theories are more likely to engage in stockpiling behaviors in the past as well as in the future.

Several states have laws that prohibit large increases in prices on consumer good, or “price gouging,” during emergency situations like pandemics. We investigate the impact of such laws on online consumer behavior using data from Google Shopping Trends during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. We focus on hand sanitizer and toilet paper, two staples predominantly bought in-stores in regular times, which experienced substantial in-store shortages since the onset of the pandemic. We find robust evidence indicating anti-price gouging laws are associated with significant increases in online searches for hand sanitizer, and some evidence that these laws increase searches for toilet paper as well. These results imply the possibility that anti-price gouging laws lead to shortages for consumer staples during pandemics. Our results inform the ongoing and rigorous debate surrounding anti-price gouging laws and their potential effects during public health emergencies like COVID-19.

As an act of disposing waste and maintaining homeostasis, humans have to use the restroom multiple times a day. One item that is consumed in the process is toilet paper; it often runs out easily in the most inconvenient times. One of the most fatal positions to be in is to be stuck without toilet paper. Since humans are not capable of a 100% resupply rate, we should give this task to a computer. The approach we selected was to use a pair of laser sensors to detect whether toilet paper was absent or not. Utilizing an ultrasound sensor, we would be able to detect whether a person was nearby and send a notification to a database. The online app, PaperSafe, takes the information stored and displays it onto a device for quick access. Once a sufficient amount of data is acquired, we can train a machine learning algorithm to predict the next supply date, optimized for the specific scenario.

Background Parachuting, also called bombing, is a way to ingest psychoactive substances wrapped into cigarette paper, toilet paper, etc. There is little data describing parachuting in terms of substances use, context of use and, most importantly, the motivations for using such wrappers, although some authors hypothesized that parachute could be used for pharmacokinetic reason. However, inconsistently, some authors report that parachutes are used for sustained-release whereas others report that users are looking for an immediate effect. Research design and methods Considering parachute as a “home-made” dosage form, we have applied the dissolution testing to characterize the dissolution performance of a substance wrapped into a parachute and to characterize whether a parachute represents an immediate-release form or not. Results This in-vitro study provides the first pharmacokinetic data for drugs wrapped in parachutes. It shows that parachute acts as sustained-release form when made with a cigarette paper wrapper, but as immediate release form in the presence of alcohol or if wrapped with toilet paper. Conclusions An important message to harm reduction is that users must be aware that a parachute can have unexpected pharmacokinetics and have to avoid taking another parachute in the absence of an immediate-effect to avoid overdose.

The aim of this article is to gain an understanding of the relations between the design of bathrooms and the use of the toilet with privacy when residents are unsteady, visually impaired and/or have dementia. The background is that earlier studies and own experiences in Norway indicate that the way bathrooms are designed is crucial for users to be as independent as possible when using the toilet. This article does not include studies on the access to toilets and washbasins for residents who are able to stand on their own. Neither have we studied the use of diapers. The scientific approach includes historical analyses of the rise of privacy when toileting and analyses of bathroom design practices in 20 Norwegian nursing homes. Our investigations show that the expectation that individuals should rid themselves of urine and faces in locked, private rooms arose in connection with the industrialization, democratization and hygienic modernization of Western countries. Analyses of contemporary nursing homes show that many institutions do not have design to facilitate privacy: there are no adjustable toilets, no crutch or walking stick holders, no flushing mechanisms within reach from a sitting position, no toilets that are visible from the residents’ bed, poor contrasts; the toilet paper, soap dispensers and paper towels are out of reach from a sitting position; there are few handles, few adjustable sinks and more than 70 cm between the toilet and the sink.

This descriptive study aimed to determine the knowledge and practices regarding genital hygiene among adolescent girls in Sanliurfa. The population of study was 42358 high school girl students. The sample calculated according the formula from the population was 600 girls. The high school girl students of each central districts of Sanliurfa were determined according to the layered sampling method. The data were collected with questionnaire form and analysed with SPSS 11.5 package program using descriptive statistics an Chi-Square test. The ratio of girls who answered the definition of genital hygiene as partly true was 57.2%. 35 % of the girls expressed that they did not take any information about genital area and hygiene before. 54.9 % of participants answered cleaning styles of genital area as “front to back”. 74.8 % had itching problem in genital area. 75.2% of the students answered vaginal discharge as a normal condition. 37.3% had transparent and odorless discharge. The girls who employed healthy cleaning practices (use of both water and toilet paper) attended 1st grade (19.1%) and 3rdgrade (35.3%) in High Schools(X2= 17,121 p

Instead of that conventional method of chemical (sanitizer spray) disinfection, this paper introduces a novel idea to fight the attack of microbes causing infections and diseases from the source like lavatory and specially its seat. Here we utilize the germicidal power of ultra violet light ray’s. i.e. Ultra Violet C range of the light spectrum against the viruses (SARS-CoV-2), bacteria (E. coli) and other microbes. This system of disinfection constitutes the UV LEDs placed on the arm above the toilet seat. The range of wavelength is from 200nm to 280nm. Implementation of this technique ensures safety, by human free room with the automatic motion control using Arduino, motor and door locking gadgets. UVC light is very advantageous over other methods as it is eco-friendly, chemical free, non-corrosive, and no hazardous waste is produced and also inactivates viruses by attacking the DNA strands in the microbes ensuring that the replication does not happen further stops spreading of contagious diseases leading to pandemic. Usage of toilet paper and other methods used conventionally could come to an end. Thus an effective idea is derived for the hygiene establishment.

The risk of severe head injury during a seizure is usually small. Penetrating bony injuries to the skull caused by a fall on a sharp object during a seizure account for less than 3% of all ictal head injuries. Only few reports have been published on transoral, transnasal, and transorbital penetrating injuries suffered by patients who fell during a seizure. We report on a case of transnasal penetrating injury extending to the skull base and its treatment in a patient who fell on a toilet paper holder.

Background Colorectal cancer screening by fecal occult blood testing has been an important public health test and shown to reduce colorectal cancer–related mortality. However, the low participation rate in colorectal cancer screening by the general public remains a problematic public health issue. This fact could be attributed to the complex and unpleasant operation of the screening tool. Objective This study aimed to validate a novel toilet paper–based point-of-care test (ie, JustWipe) as a public health instrument to detect fecal occult blood and provide detailed results from the evaluation of the analytic characteristics in the clinical validation. Methods The mechanism of fecal specimen collection by the toilet-paper device was verified with repeatability and reproducibility tests. We also evaluated the analytical characteristics of the test reagents. For clinical validation, we conducted comparisons between JustWipe and other fecal occult blood tests. The first comparison was between JustWipe and typical fecal occult blood testing in a central laboratory setting with 70 fecal specimens from the hospital. For the second comparison, a total of 58 volunteers were recruited, and JustWipe was compared with the commercially available Hemoccult SENSA in a point-of-care setting. Results Adequate amounts of fecal specimens were collected using the toilet-paper device with small day-to-day and person-to-person variations. The limit of detection of the test reagent was evaluated to be 3.75 µg of hemoglobin per milliliter of reagent. Moreover, the test reagent also showed high repeatability (100%) on different days and high reproducibility (>96%) among different users. The overall agreement between JustWipe and a typical fecal occult blood test in a central laboratory setting was 82.9%. In the setting of point-of-care tests, the overall agreement between JustWipe and Hemoccult SENSA was 89.7%. Moreover, the usability questionnaire showed that the novel test tool had high scores in operation friendliness (87.3/100), ease of reading results (97.4/100), and information usefulness (96.1/100). Conclusions We developed and validated a toilet paper–based fecal occult blood test for use as a point-of-care test for the rapid (in 60 seconds) and easy testing of fecal occult blood. These favorable characteristics render it a promising tool for colorectal cancer screening as a public health instrument.

The authors aim to clean a toilet room using a home mobile robot. In this work, the authors developed techniques to recognize a toilet paper tube and a toilet bowl based on point cloud data obtained by an RGB-D camera on the robot. The robot was able to pick the tube up and wipe the bowl with its arm.

Background The increasing interest on the impact of the gut microbiota on health and disease has resulted in multiple human microbiome-related studies emerging. However, multiple sampling methods are being used, making cross-comparison of results difficult. To avoid additional clinic visits and increase patient recruitment to these studies, there is the potential to utilize at-home stool sampling. The aim of this pilot study was to compare simple self-sampling collection and storage methods. Methods To simulate storage conditions, stool samples from three volunteers were freshly collected, placed on toilet tissue, and stored at four temperatures (− 80, 7, 22 and 37 °C), either dry or in the presence of a stabilization agent (RNAlater®) for 3 or 7 days. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing by Illumina, the effect of storage variations for each sample was compared to a reference community from fresh, unstored counterparts. Fastq files may be accessed in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive: Bioproject ID PRJNA418287. Results Microbial diversity and composition were not significantly altered by any storage method. Samples were always separable based on participant, regardless of storage method suggesting there was no need for sample preservation by a stabilization agent. Discussion In summary, if immediate sample processing is not feasible, short term storage of unpreserved stool samples on toilet paper offers a reliable way to assess the microbiota composition by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Biological information can easily be monitored by installing sensors in a lavatory bowl. Lavatories are usually shared by several people, so users need to be identified. Because of the need for privacy, using cameras, microphones, or scales is not appropriate. Though personal identification can be done using a touch panel, the user may forget to use it because the action is not necessary. In this paper, we focus on the differences in the way of pulling a toilet paper roll and propose a system that identifies individuals based on features of rotating of toilet paper rolls with a gyroscope. The evaluation results revealed that 83.9% accuracy was achieved for a five-person group in a laboratory environment, and 69.2% accuracy was achieved for a five-person group in a practical environment.

Patients’ history determines the suspected diagnosis: strong pain during and/or after defecation as well as a blood strip on the stool column and/or traces of blood on toilet paper.

This clinical study is designed to evaluate the results of vaginoscopies performed to rule out vaginal foreign body in prepubertal girls with vaginal discharge. Medical records of all prepubertal patients who underwent vaginoscopy to rule out vaginal foreign body between 2004 and 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. All patients were evaluated by pediatricians prior to surgical consultation. Vaginoscopy is performed in the operating room under general anesthesia. During the study period, 20 girls with persistent vaginal discharge with a mean age of 6.8 years (1-13 years) underwent vaginoscopy to rule out vaginal foreign body. Six patients had bloody vaginal discharge and 4 had recurrent vaginal bleeding lasting for more than one month. Ten patients had purulent vaginal discharge lasting for 1-7 months. None of vaginal cultures revealed pathological bacteria or candida species. Preoperative imaging techniques revealed vaginal foreign body in one patient only. Vaginoscopy demonstrated vaginal foreign bodies in four patients. Foreign bodies were grass inflorescence, safety pin and undefined brownish particles (n= 2), which may be pieces of toilet paper or feces. There was no complication related to vaginoscopy and removal of foreign body. Hymen integrity was preserved in all patients. Persistent or recurrent vaginal discharge in prepubertal girls should raise the suspect of vaginal foreign body. Continuous flow vaginoscopy is mandatory to detect and remove any vaginal foreign body. Early diagnosis would prevent complications secondary to long-standing foreign bodies.

Background From our experience the toilet paper is folded in the bathrooms in rooms in branded hotels. We aimed to study the total time yearly spent in the world on folding hotel toilet paper. Method Three investigators clocked 60 folding toilet paper events and calculated the mean time. The mean folding time was 5.73 s (interquartile range 4.50–6.56). Using the calculated extra time it takes to fold the toilet paper and the number of hotel nights spent we estimated the total time spent in the world each year to fold the toilet paper. For sensitivity analyses we used different assumptions on number of hotel beds, occupancy rate and folding time. Results Assuming an extra 10 s spent on folding toilet paper, approximately 10 million hours are globally spent on folding toilet paper every year. This corresponds to more than 5000 man-years of work. In a hotel with yearly full coverage of 200 beds skipping folding the toilet paper corresponds to around 200 h of time that could be spent elsewhere. Conclusion To take away unnecessary duties from hotel room cleaners would increase their health and well-being and save time that could be better spent. Is it really defendable and appropriate that someone else has spent time on folding the toilet paper you are just about to use?

In 1941 Australian tabloid journalist Dorothy Gordon Jenner was caught up in the Japanese siege of Hong Kong and was incarcerated in the Stanley Internment Camp. During her internment Jenner kept a clandestine record of daily life written in pencil on Bronco brand toilet paper and kept hidden in the heels of her shoes. To date her fragmented diary and notes have defied analysis. This paper provides a reading of Jenner's personal wartime testimonio through the frame of tabloid journalism to expose how the tabloid genre—Jenner's stock-in-trade as a journalist before the war—became the framework for her personal testimony during World War II. By interpreting Jenner's private diary and notes as testimonio journalism this paper exposes the flow of the tabloid vernacular style of journalism between private and public discourses.

Paper electromagnetic drying technology is a new paper drying technology different from traditional steam drying. Today, environmental pressure deteriorating, energy crisis approaching, doing researches on paper electromagnetic drying technology has a special meaning, especially to high speed toilet paper machine which is truly needed and has a vast developmental potential. This thesis is based on electromagnetic dryer and steam dryer study. And the changes measured in the experiment at diverse temperatures and quantities in the experiment has shown a higher efficiency of electromagnetic drying technology than conventional steam drying technology.

Application of fine-mesh sieves (0.35 mm) as pretreatment for municipal biological wastewater treatment gives an opportunity to recover resources and increase sustainability of wastewater treatment processes. Sieves are traditionally used for single stage mechanical treatment (typical mesh of 0.35 mm) or in combination with an MBR (typical mesh0.7 mm). When sieves with a mesh of 0.35 mm are used on raw sewage we observed that cellulose fibres mainly originating from toilet paper are removed efficiently from the influent with a high recovery and purity. The application of sieves as pretreatment for conventional activated sludge processes has been evaluated based on pilot plant research at three WWTPs in the Netherlands. With sieving applied to the dry weather flow only the overall energy usage of the WWTP including sludge treatment can be decreased by at least 40% with a payback time of 7 years.

The objective of study was to determine some properties of tissue papers and identify the position in Turkey. Napkins, toilet papers and paper towels used in this study were supplied from 5 different companies. Physical and optical properties of these papers were investigated and compared them to each other. Grammage, moisture content, crepe, bulk, density, tensile strength, thickness, water retention value and water absorption time were determined as physical properties and brightness and whiteness values were measured as optical properties. According to obtained results, the best results in physical and optical properties of napkins, toilet papers and paper towels belong to C, E and A Company, respectively., Bu çalışmada, temizlik kağıtlarının Türkiye’deki durumunu belirlemek ve bazı özelliklerini araştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda çalışmada kullanılan peçete kağıtları, tuvalet kağıtları ve kağıt havlular 5 farklı firmadan temin edilmiştir. Bu kağıtların optik ve fiziksel özellikleri araştırılmış ve birbirleriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Gramaj, rutubet miktarı, krep, hacimlilik, yoğunluk, çekme direnci, kalınlık, su tutma değeri ve su emme hızları belirlenmiştir. Optik özelliklerden ise parlaklık ve beyazlık değerleri ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre peçete kağıtları, tuvalet kağıtları ve kağıt havlulara ait en iyi optik ve fiziksel özellikler sırasıyla C, E ve A firmalarına ait olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Toilet Tissue, whitish, Young Women. Whitish in medical terms is called fluorine albus or leucorrhea is liquid released from the genitals. Whitish disease is a problem in women. Normal whitish discharge translucent color, no odor, does not itch and occur before menstruation and after menstruation, sexual stimulation, when a pregnant woman and a state of stress. Abnormal discharge of fluid that comes out cloudy and thick, stinking, rancid, fishy, itchy, fluid quantity many, yellowish or greenish. Behavioral habits that are not good personal hygiene will cause vaginal discharge. Behaviors that can reduce the whiteness using toilet paper after urinating. To determine differences in the use of toilet paper on the incidence of vaginal discharge in adolescent girls at school Veteran 1 Sukoharjo. The study design used was quasi exsperiment with Time Series Design study design is the design of the study using pretest posttest conducted by direct observation. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with a sample of 41 students who have signs of symptoms of vaginal discharge. Mc Nemar statistical test used to determine the effect on the incidence of vaginal discharge toilet paper. Before the treated (preliminary examination) most respondents experienced pathological vaginal discharge as many as 33 students (80.5%), after being given treatment using toilet paper (final inspection) of respondents who experience vaginal discharge pathology as many as 14 students (34.14%). Results of the study showed statistical tests p: 0.000, which means there is the effect of the use of toilet paper on the incidence of vaginal discharge. There is a distinction mark whitish symptoms before and after using toilet paper Link OJS 3 artikel PERILAKU PENGGUNAAN TISU TOILET TERHADAP KEJADIAN KEPUTIHAN PADA REMAJA

This system can exchange toilet paper automatically only installing on ready-made goods toilet paper holder. Measurement of the distance between the toilet paper and the toilet paper holder is using the infrared distance sensor and depending on its value, an automatic exchange of toilet paper to move the servo motor by using the Arduino.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in a variety of consumer products, including some paper products, particularly thermal receipt papers, for which it is used as a color developer. Nevertheless, little is known about the magnitude of BPA contamination or human exposure to BPA as a result of contact with paper and paper products. In this study, concentrations of BPA were determined in 15 types of paper products (n = 202), including thermal receipts, flyers, magazines, tickets, mailing envelopes, newspapers, food contact papers, food cartons, airplane boarding passes, luggage tags, printing papers, business cards, napkins, paper towels, and toilet paper, collected from several cities in the USA. Thermal receipt papers also were collected from Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. BPA was found in 94% of thermal receipt papers (n = 103) at concentrations ranging from below the limit of quantitation (LOQ, 1 ng/g) to 13.9 mg/g (geometric mean: 0.211 mg/g). The majority (81%) of other paper products (n = 99) contained BPA at concentrations ranging from below the LOQ to 14.4 μg/g (geometric mean: 0.016 μg/g). Whereas thermal receipt papers contained the highest concentrations of BPA (milligram-per-gram), some paper products, including napkins and toilet paper, made from recycled papers contained microgram-per-gram concentrations of BPA. Contamination during the paper recycling process is a source of BPA in paper products. Daily intake (DI) of BPA through dermal absorption was estimated based on the measured BPA concentrations and handling frequency of paper products. The daily intake of BPA (calculated from median concentrations) through dermal absorption from handling of papers was 17.5 and 1300 ng/day for the general population and occupationally exposed individuals, respectively; these values are minor compared with exposure through diet. Among paper products, thermal receipt papers contributed to the majority (98%) of the exposures.

Methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone is a preservative found in cosmetic and industrial products, and is a common ingredient in moist toilet paper. It is a well-known allergen and is capable of causing allergic contact dermatitis.We present the case of a 58-year-old white woman with a cutaneous vulvar eruption with associated discomfort and pruritus of 6 months in duration. She had been treated with antibiotic and antifungal agents without improvement of symptoms. Careful history taking revealed that the patient was using moist toilet paper. Patch testing confirmed an allergy to methylchloroisothiazolinone, a preservative in the moist toilet paper. After discontinuation of the product and treatment with potent topical steroids, the eruption completely cleared.With the growing use of moist toilet paper among adults, the risk of exposure and potential sensitization is increasing. Health care providers should be aware of the risks of moist toilet paper containing potential allergens because perianal and perineal dermatitis caused by these products may be unrecognized or misdiagnosed. After proper treatment, patients must be educated about alternatives and the importance of label reading.

What does it take for a small company from a small country to survive in a global market? That's the guestion Renova needed to answer, and sometimes answers are found in unusual places—like the bathroom.

Learning to question is essential for determining pathways of conservation and development in southwestern Amazonia during a time of rapid global environmental change. Teaching such an approach in graduate science programs in regional universities can be done using play-acting and simulation exercises. Multiple working hypotheses help students learn to question their own research results and expert witnesses. The method of successive approximations enables students to question the results of complex calculations, such as estimates of forest biomass. Balloons and rolls of toilet paper provide means of questioning two-dimensional representations of a three-dimensional Earth and the value of pi. Generation of systematic errors can illustrate the pitfalls of blind acceptance of data. While learning to question is essential, it is insufficient by itself; students must also learn how to be solutionologists in order to satisfy societal demands for solutions to environmental problems. A little irreverence can be an excellent didactic tool for helping students develop the skills necessary to lead conservation and development efforts in the region.

Sewage fine sieved fraction (FSF) is a heterogeneous substrate consisting of mainly toilet paper fibers sequestered from municipal raw sewage by a fine screen. In earlier studies, a maximum biodegradation of 62% and 57% of the sewage FSF was found under thermophilic (55 °C) and mesophilic (35 °C) conditions, respectively. In order to research this limited biodegradability of sewage FSF, this study investigates the biodegradation of different types of cellulosic fibers-based hygiene papers including virgin fibers based toilet paper (VTP), recycled fiber based toilet paper (RTP), virgin pulp for paper production (VPPP) as a raw material, as well as microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as a kind of fiberless reference material. The anaerobic biodegradation or digestibility tests were conducted under thermophilic and mesophilic conditions. Results of the experiments showed different biomethane potential (BMP) values for each tested cellulose fiber-based substrate, which might be associated with the physical characteristics of the fibers, type of pulping, presence of lignin encrusted fibers, and/or the presence of additive chemicals and refractory compounds. Higher hydrolysis rates (Kh), higher specific methane production rates (SMPR) and shorter required incubation times to achieve 90% of the BMP (t90%CH4), were achieved under thermophilic conditions for all examined substrates compared to the mesophilic ones. Furthermore, the biodegradability of all employed cellulose fiber-based substrates was in the same range, 38-45%, under both conditions and less than the observed FSF biodegradability, i.e. 57-62%. MCC achieved the highest BMP and biodegradability, 86-91%, among all cellulosic substrates.

Aims of study Aim of this study was to determine if women with overactive bladder really do have a more detailed knowledge about toilets and their conditions in their vicinity in comparison to women with urinary stress incontinence and those without any urinary symptoms. Patients and methods A questionnaire survey of 270 women from three symptom groups, those with stress incontinence, overactive bladder and controls without any bladder symptoms from an inner city area and two local towns. The knowledge of the three groups was compared and measured by a score assessed by the authors who had visited the toilets themselves. Results Women with overactive bladder are more likely to exhibit precautionary voiding prior to leaving home and have significantly more detailed knowledge about toilets in their neighbourhood. Discussion The overactive bladder seems to have a greater influence on behaviour and on quality of life than stress incontinence which could mean that they are more tortured by their symptoms.

A 57-year-old man was found at his home by his neighbor. The body of the victim was lying on the right side of the door. A copper wire, whose plastic parts were untied, and surrounded the left and right hand palmar and dorsal faces. The wire was connected by an extension to an electric socket in the room. There was blood and toilet paper around the left hand wrist. Suicide note was found on the taboret

Carl Faberge was the jeweller of the Russian Tsars who crafted extraordinary Faberge eggs that are famed the world over. His business model was based upon producing all manner opulent accessories to complement the household fashions of the time. This thought piece reflects upon the Faberge concept in modern times exploring the diamond encrusted mobile phone or how brands partner with luxury providers to bring you the world’s most expensive toilet paper to exclusive mineral water. Conspicuously Faberge is the application of luxury aesthetics to goods usually considered more everyday – that is, the beautiful transformation of usually accessible products into luxurious, bespoke items of splendour.

This study investigates the objective hand evaluation of the toilet paper based on the mechanical and surface properties. The objective hand evaluation system for men's suiting was applied to assess the hand of toilet paper. Three primary hand values (stiffness, smoothness, and fullness) for the toilet paper were obtained using the same equations as the men's suiting equations (KN101W series) with minor modification. The objective hand value (Total hand value, THV) of the toilet paper was derived using the general nonwovens equation (KN5LNW). The subjective hand of the toilet papers was assessed by fifty-four females, and the mechanical and surface parameters were measured with the KES-FB system. It became clear that the hand of the toilet paper could be predicted by the equation KN5LNW, for which the calculated error was within the range of the standard deviation of the subjective hand value of each product. Toilet papers with a small value of the mean deviation of the coefficient of friction (MMD) were estimated to provide good hand.

There's probably not much call for printing solar cells on toilet paper, but a method developed at MIT can do just that, if it's ever needed. More to the point, oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) could allow low-cost production of solar cells and other electronic devices on thin, flexible materials that other processes can't easily handle. Miles Barr, a graduate student in the lab of MIT chemical engineering professor Karen Gleason, described the process at the fall meeting of the Materials Research Society, in Boston.

The selection of accessory devices for pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) by health care professionals is typically cost driven without consideration of how the device modifies clinical outcomes.To evaluate nonconventional accessory devices and the open-mouth technique with and without ideal coordination of actuation and inhalation to identify and understand the considerations for recommending potential inexpensive devices.In vitro performance parameters of the beclomethasone dipropionate pMDI were evaluated with several devices (AeroChamber, toilet paper roll, paper towel roll, rolled paper, plastic bottle spacer, bottle-holding chamber, and nebulizer reservoir tubing).Compared with the pMDI alone, all the accessory devices evaluated have significantly lower drug exposure and throat deposition and higher respirable fractions, with the paper towel roll having the greatest effect of the devices evaluated (exposure decreased from a mean [SD] of 76.1 [4.8] μg to 49.2 [2.0] μg, throat deposition decreased from 32.0 [3.2] μg to 0.8 [0.3] μg, and respirable fraction increased from 49.8% [3.2%] to 96.4% [0.4%]). Introduction of a delay between actuation and inhalation resulted in greater variability in performance metrics for the devices evaluated, and the bottle-holding chamber and paper towel roll were most effective in mitigating the effect of the delay. The open-mouth technique was found to decrease throat deposition and respirable mass compared with the pMDI alone.In addition to cost, the amount of drug that deposits in the throat and the lungs and the effect of asynchronous actuation and inhalation can vary with the selection of an accessory device, which may affect the therapeutic benefits of the pMDI selected.

Background: The combination of methyldibromoglutaronitrile (MDBGN) and phenoxyethanol (PE) is widely used as a preservative in body care products. Sensitization rates to MDBGN have increased parallel to its increasing use in cosmetics, skin care products, and moist toilet paper since the early 1990s, whereas PE is obviously not a sensitizer. The optimum patch preparation for diagnosing a contact allergy to MDBGN is still a matter of debate. Objective: This study was performed to assess an adequate patch test concentration for MDBGN/PE and MDBGN. Methods: Based on previous results from other countries, the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG) performed parallel patch tests with MDBGN/PE 0.5% in petrolatum (pet.) and 1% pet. in 4,615 patients and with MDBGN 0.1% pet. and 0.3% pet. in 988 patients. The results of these tests, performed in routine patch testing, were collected and analyzed be the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK). Results: Comparing MDBGN/PE 0.5% pet. with 1.0% pet., the percentage of patients showing a positive test reaction increased from 2.3% to 3.5% ( P [lt ] .001), mainly because of an increase in weak positive reactions. The reaction index remained stable at 0.54. Comparing MDBGN 0.1% pet. with 0.3% pet., the percentage of patients with positive reactions increased from 1.4% to 3.3% ( P [lt ] .001), and the reaction index decreased from 0.33 to [minus ]0.10. With the lower test concentration, 79% of the positive reactions were only +, with the greater concentration, this was true of 64%. Conclusion: Testing MDBGN/PE 1.0% pet. shows additional cases of contact allergy to MDBGN that would have remained undetected with MDBGN 0.5% pet. The greater test concentration seems to have no disadvantages in quality. The DKG decided to keep MDBGN/PE 1.0% pet. in the standard series. MDBGN 0.3% pet. leads to far more doubtful or irritant test reactions than MDBGN 0.1% and may produce false-positive patch test results. Therefore, the DKG recommends testing MDBGN 0.3% pet only in special cases.

Newsha Ghaeli reached down an open manhole one morning in April and grabbed a hose dangling in the rushing streams of the sewer below. As she pulled up the hose, she spotted a wad of toilet paper clinging to its end and recoiled in disgust, accidentally splashing a few drops of dirty water on strands of exposed hair sticking out from her face mask. A Cambridge, Mass., sanitation worker offered comfort: "A little caca won't hurt you," he said.

Paper passes through many hands. In the present paper, key parts of this cycle in Japan were examined, using questionnaire surveys of households and paper makers. The study aimed to examine the paper makers' strategy for paper production and their attitude to recycling, in comparison with those of the consumers. The study especially focused on toilet paper because consumers have a lot of freedom in purchasing toilet paper. A total of 1242 consumers and 60 paper makers responded. The major findings were as follows. First, we compared the criteria of consumers for purchasing toilet paper with the conjectures of paper makers. Brand, advertisements and the appearance of shopping displays received 60% support from paper makers, but less than 12% of consumers selected these criteria even if we exclude those who do not buy toilet paper or do not have any particular criteria. On the other hand, multiple plies and benefit to the earth were selected by moderate numbers (between 20 and 25%) of consumers, while only 16.77 and 5.69%, respectively of paper makers marked these criteria. Paper makers strongly believe that many retailers sell toilet paper as a loss-leader. By comparing those matters considered important for recycling by consumers with those considered important by makers, it was shown that many makers have a clear awareness of the particular problem, the lack of used paper consumption, in the current paper recycling situation in Japan.

Moulage is one of the key factors in suspending disbelief for those participating in a simulation scenario. Transforming a mannequin into a simulated patient with burns seems like an overwhelming task. Techniques for using makeup and toilet paper to make blisters and burns are presented.

The modelling cycle (e.g., Blum and Leis How do students and teachers deal with modelling problems? In: Haines C, Galbraith P, Blum W, Khan S (eds) Mathematical modelling (ICTMA12): education, engineering and economics. Horwood, Chichester, pp 222–231, 2007) contains the repeated processes that modellers are asked for in deepening their thinking. When we investigate the modelling cycle of modellers, we have to consider the diversities of various modellers in their modelling progress (Blum and Borromeo Ferri J Math Model Appl 1(1):45–58, 2009). In addition, problems or tasks can be changed from the initial real situation and problem with the aim of meeting the need of modellers. In this chapter, we make two modelling cycles parallel and focus on interactions between cycles, and call it the dual modelling cycle. We show three types of modelling cycles based on the dual modelling cycle framework through the example of one modelling cycle based on an Oil Tank Task, and another modelling cycle based on a Toilet Paper Tube Task.