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Healthcare students play an important role in volunteering activity, often addressing staff shortages. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the willingness of students to volunteer in contribution to the pandemic response, especially in Vietnam, has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with the willingness of healthcare students to volunteer during the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam. For this, an online cross-sectional survey was conducted, between June 7th and July 6th, 2021, among healthcare students from 10 fields of study at the largest public university of medicine and pharmacy in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Of 2032 respondents, 1473 (72.5%) reported that they would be willing to volunteer during the COVID-19 pandemic. More than half of the students reported having a desire to volunteer in non-patient contact activities such as data entry (65.9%) and logistics (57.7%). Whereas less than 50% of the participants were willing to volunteer with activities involving patients. Year of education, study field, educational format, living arrangements, health status self-perception, chronic illness possession, COVID-19 fear level, past volunteering experience in non-healthcare sectors, and COVID-19 prevention and control training course attendance were all associated with a willingness to volunteer. The strongest barriers preventing volunteering included fear for the health of their family and lack of training/knowledge. Conclusively, healthcare students reported a high level of willingness, indicating a positive attitude toward responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. Adequate training should be employed to increase the willingness among healthcare students in Vietnam.

Mục tiêu: Khảo sát một số yếu tố nguy cơ doạ sinh non. Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang có so sánh. Gồm 73 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán dọa sinh non được theo dõi và điều trị tại khoa Phụ sản Bệnh viện Trung ương Huế từ tháng 06/2018 đến tháng 08/2019. Kết quả: Đa thai có nguy cơ dọa sinh non cao gấp 8,8 lần so với đơn thai 95%CI (1,2 - 82,7), đa ối nguy cơ dọa sinh non 4,9 lần 95%CI (1,1 - 23,9). Chiều dài CTC < 25 mm nguy cơ dọa sinh non cao hơn 4,2 lần 95% CI (1,3-13,1). Viêm đường sinh dục thấp tăng nguy cơ 2,6 lần ( 1,3 - 13,1) p < 0,05. Tuổi mẹ ≤ 20 hoặc > 35 có nguy cơ cao gấp 9,5 và 3,7 lần 95%CI (1,1 - 80,1) và (1,4 - 7,5). Thai phụ làm việc trên 40 giờ/tuần nguy cơ tăng 4,9 lần 95%CI (1,1 - 23,9), lao động nặng, môi trường làm việc ô nhiễm tăng nguy cơ 11,4 lần (1,4 - 91,7) và 8,8 lần (1,1 - 72,7). Sinh 3 lần dọa sinh non cao gấp 4,1 lần (1,3 - 13,1). BMI < 18,5 nguy cơ hơn 9,8 lần 95%CI (1,1 - 82,5); ≥ 23 tăng nguy cơ 4,4 lần (1,6 - 11,9). Tiền sử thai chết lưu, nạo thai, sẩy thai nguy cơ dọa sinh non tăng 6,9 lần 95%CI (1,5 - 22,4). Tiền sử sinh non, dọa sinh non nguy cơ tăng lên 9,1 lần 95%CI (2,0 - 41,7). Khoảng cách giữa hai lần mang thai < 12 tháng nguy cơ tăng 4,9 (1,0 - 23,9) lần. Kết luận: Phát hiện các yếu tố nguy cơ dọa sinh non để dự phòng sớm và theo dõi thai phụ tránh trình trạng dọa sinh non xảy ra là việc làm rất cần thiết. Từ khóa: Dọa sinh non, phụ nữ mang thai, yếu tố nguy cơ.

Aim: To determine clinical and subclinical features and the risk factors of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia at Hue Central Hospital. Medthods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 01/2018 -12/2019 in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Deparment of Hue Central Hospital. This study included 54 women who were diagnosed gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (FIGO 2002) and 54 molar pregnancy women monitored and treated in a stable condition. Results: In gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) group, age group with women who were ≥ 40 was 4.5 times higher at risk factors of GTN (p < 0.05), the history of stillbirth had 5.2 times higher at risk (p < 0.05). History of molar pregnancy accounted for 20.4% with OR = 4.3 (95% CI = 1.2 - 16.3). The risk in the number of births ≥ 3 was 5.1 times higher (p < 0.05). The rate of toxemia in GTN group was 66.7% with OR = 8.6; 95%CI =3.3-21.4 (p < 0.05). The women with hyperthyroidism were 3.1 times higher at risk of GTN. The risk of bilateral theca-lutein cyst in GTN group was 12.6 times more than that of control group. The percentage of beta hCG level > 100.000 mUI/ml before treatment in GTN group was 75.9% with 6.8 times higher at risk of GTN (p < 0.05). Conclusion: A history of molar pregnancy, birth multiple times,a history of stillbirth, presence of hyperthyroidism, the bilateral theca-lutein cyst > 4 weeks, the percentage of beta hCG level > 100.000 mUI/ml before treatment, are risk factors found to be associated with the gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Key words: Molar pregnancy, gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, risk factors

Introduction The standard TB Four Symptom Screen does not meet the World Health Organization (WHO) ideal screening criteria for having greater than 90% sensitivity to identify active TB disease, regardless of HIV status. To identify novel screening biomarkers for active TB, we performed a systematic review of any cohort or case-control study reporting associations between screening biomarkers and active TB disease. Methods We searched PubMed and Embase for articles published before October 10, 2021. We included studies from high or medium tuberculosis burden countries. We excluded articles focusing on C-reactive protein and lipoarabinomannan. For all included biomarkers, we calculated sensitivity, specificity and 95% confidence intervals, and assessed study quality using a tool adapted from the QUADAS-2 risk of bias. Results From 8,062 abstracts screened, we included 79 articles. The articles described 302 unique biomarkers, including host antibodies, host proteins, TB antigens, microRNAs, whole blood gene PCRs, and combinations of biomarkers. Of these, 23 biomarkers had sensitivity greater than 90% and specificity greater than 70%, meeting WHO criteria for an ideal screening test. Among the eleven biomarkers described in people living with HIV, only one had a sensitivity greater than 90% and specificity greater than 70% for active TB. Conclusion Further evaluation of biomarkers of active TB should be pursued to accelerate identification of TB disease.

Applying simulation method to predict welding distortion is studied in this paper. Butt joint welding model of low carbon steel is built and simulated based on Comsol Multiphysics software. The welding temperature and distortion under different welding parameters are performed. Experimental distortion are then obtained and compared to predicted results. Results show that simulation results are consistent with measurement results. This proves that current numerical simulation method can accuracy estimate distortion of butt joint by using Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) process.

While online content is personalized to an increasing degree, eg. using recommender systems (RS), the rationale behind personalization and how users can adjust it typically remains opaque. This was often observed to have negative effects on the user experience and perceived quality of RS. As a result, research increasingly has taken user-centric aspects such as transparency and control of a RS into account, when assessing its quality. However, we argue that too little of this research has investigated the users' perception and understanding of RS in their entirety. In this paper, we explore the users' mental models of RS. More specifically, we followed the qualitative grounded theory methodology and conducted 10 semi-structured face-to-face interviews with typical and regular Netflix users. During interviews participants expressed high levels of uncertainty and confusion about the RS in Netflix. Consequently, we found a broad range of different mental models. Nevertheless, we also identified a general structure underlying all of these models, consisting of four steps: data acquisition, inference of user profile, comparison of user profiles or items, and generation of recommendations. Based on our findings, we discuss implications to design more transparent, controllable, and user friendly RS in the future.

Bearings play an important role in a high-speed spindle. Its characteristics are often influenced by speed and thermal effects. This paper presents an approach that combines an inverse method with a high-speed ball bearing model to determine the characteristics of a high-speed spindle bearing under constant preload in actual working conditions. With temperature distribution in the entire spindle obtained by the experimental inverse heat transfer model from the authors’ previous results, the change in bearing parameters is then calculated and subsequently replaced in the bearing model to analyze the change in bearing characteristics. As a result, thermal effects on a bearing’s dynamic contact angles, contact forces, contact stress, stiffness, and lubricant film thickness are presented. Moreover, analysis results indicate that a bearing’s stiffness and lubricant film thickness nonlinearly vary with the increase in speed, and the thermal effect significantly affects the lubricant film thickness. The results presented herein may be applied to develop a dynamic model for a high-speed spindle using a constant preload and provide useful information to avoid failure in lubrication.

We present evidence of an important disciplinary role for leverage in East Asian firms prior to making foreign acquisitions: as firms surpass an optimal leverage level, their excess leverage levels expose shareholders to agency costs which outweigh any benefits from the M&As. We find the disciplinary effect of leverage is present in both common and code law countries.

AIM: This prospective clinical study presents the experiences with NB-UVB monotherapy in the treatment of PLC on Vietnamese patients. METHODS: We enrolled at National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology (NHDV), Vietnam, 29 PLC patients with generalised disease involving at least 60% of the total body surface (based on Nine’s Rule) and/or failed to respond to other modalities of treatment. Patients were treated with NB-UVB followed the guideline of the psoriatic treatment of AAD-2010, three times weekly. RESULTS: A complete response (CR) was seen in 24 out of 29 PLC patients (82.8%) with a mean cumulative dose of 9760.5 mJ/cm2 after a mean treatment period of 4.6 weeks (13.8 ± 7.4 exposures). Mild side effects were observed: 69% erythema minimum, 55.2% irritation related to dry skin. No severe side effects were seen during the study. No relapses occurred in 24 CR patients within a mean period of 3 months after the last treatment. CONCLUSION: NB-UVB therapy is an effective and safe option for the treatment and management of PLC.

The natural frequency is a dynamic characteristic which has an importance role for the performance, accuracy and stable of a spindle as well as machine tools. In this study, modal analysis for the spindle including shaft, housing and bearing parts have been established to predict the natural frequency and mode shape by using ANSYS software. The housing that was often neglected in previous researches is included in present finite element model to improve the analyzed results. The support bearings are replaced by springs with equivalent stiffness during analysis process. The natural frequency and mode shape for different preloads are obtained. The critical speed is estimated. The results herein will provide information for engineer during developing a new design of spindle match costumer’s requirement.

This paper investigates the impact of international migration on job creation in the informal sector in Vietnam. Using the national representative household data on international migration in 2008, the results find no self-employment differential between migrant and non-migrant households. International migration matters only if business scale is taken into account. Estimations using the propensity score matching method reveal that Vietnam's migrant households are either poor or rich families. This points to the effectiveness of government labour export programmes designed to reduce poverty and the tendency of rich families to send children to study abroad. The results also show that international migration has no impact on entrepreneurship, and thus employment generation in the informal sector, raising concerns about the lasting impact of migration.

PURPOSE: The Optics and Radiometry Laboratory (ORLAB) provides a testing service for the Australian sunglass industry to assist its compliance with the mandatory Consumer Product Safety Standard. In doing so, a number of sunglasses carrying the CE mark (in effect a claim of compliance with the European Union Personal Protective Equipment Directive) have been tested. Since there is no mandatory testing in Europe (the sunglass industry is deemed self regulating), evaluating their performance will give an insight into compliance with the Directive. METHODS: Consecutive submissions to ORLAB over a period of 18 months were examined for CE marked sunglasses. The results for 646 CE marked pairs of sunglasses tested during 2003 and first half 2004 were examined and evaluated for compliance with EN 1836 (the European sunglass standard) on the basis of refractive power, prismatic power, transmittance (visible, UV and coloration) and polarization. RESULTS: A total of 17.3% failed EN 1836 and 3.3% were borderline (i.e. within our uncertainties of measurement of the requirement). The failures comprised: 0.9% lens defect; 12.5% polarization alignment error; 2.7% excessive vertical prism; 22.3% excessive horizontal prism; 27.7% excessive spherical power; 14.3% excessive cylindrical power; 1.8% excessive UV transmittance; and 23.2% transmittance difference between lenses (always gradient tints). CONCLUSION: With up to 20% non-compliance, self regulation is not working particularly well in providing the public with complying sunglasses. Language: en

The field of synthetic nanochemistry has grown tremendously in the past three decades since the discovery of nonaqueous synthesis of monodispersed particles. Almost all classes of materials, from II-VI semiconductor to metal, alloy, and metal oxide can now be prepared in various sizes and shapes. One major challenge has been the development of a technique for direct real-time recording of data during the formation of nanostructures in liquid reaction media where nucleation and growth occur. A viable solution finally arrived with the recent development of static and flow liquid cells for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This Perspective will showcase a few selected examples in this rapidly growing area, with a focus on using the new capabilities of liquid TEM (LTEM) for quantitative study of nucleation and growth, as well as shape formation of nanocrystals in solution. A discussion on future direction is also presented.

Purpose. The impact of a community pharmacist telephone follow-up intervention (PTFI) on clinical outcomes, pharmaceutical care, and costs for patients undergoing antibiotic treatment was studied. Methods. Patients receiving usual pharmacist intervention (UPI) were compared with PTFI patients in a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Results. Compared with the UPI group ( n = 129), the PTFI group ( n = 126) had more drug-related problems (DRPs) (PTFI = 53%, UPI = 8%; p < 0.001). Oral recommendations (PTFI = 52%, UPI = 6%; p < 0.001), as well as recognized (PTFI = 10%, UPI = 2%; p = 0.015) and study-specific (PTFI = 5%, UPI = 1%; p = 0.064) pharmaceutical advices, were issued for more patients. The mean difference in the change in the number of infectious symptoms between the two groups (−0.24 symptom, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −1.22 to 0.74) and the change in the infection severity score (mean difference = −0.05 unit, 95% CI = −0.35 to 0.25) were small and not statistically significant. Adherence to treatment and patient satisfaction did not differ across the two intervention groups. The incremental direct costs of the PTFI varied from $2.65 to $5.11 (Canadian dollars) per patient, depending on whether cognitive services were reimbursed. Conclusion. A telephone follow-up by community pharmacists during antibiotic therapy was simple and quick and created opportunities to intervene with patients, but it did not create a greater change in the number of infectious symptoms or the infection severity score than did usual care.

There is an important disciplinary role for leverage within Asian acquiring firms. Our sample of 1,004 M&A acquirers from seven East Asian countries demonstrates a strong non-linear relationship between leverage and abnormal returns. If firms surpass an optimal leverage ratio, their excess leverage exposes them to agency costs which outweigh any benefits from the M&A. The non-linear effects of leverage are more pronounced for acquiring cross-border firms with low future growth opportunities.

Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing bacteria are important human pathogens that have been linked with cattle and associated food products. We recovered Stx-producing bacteria from 27.5% of cattle, 6.8% of water, and 2.3% of wildlife samples from a cattle production area during an 11-month period. Positive samples were found during every month and on 98% of sampling days. We recovered isolates from all cattle operations sampled, and prevalence within operations ranged from approximately 5 to 33%. Cattle prevalence was associated with the presence of Stx-producing bacteria in water and the production group and environment of cattle, with an interaction between production group and environment. Odds of recovering isolates from cattle were highest for groups of adult cows and their unweaned calves in pasture environments. Overall, 49 O serogroups were identified from 527 isolates. Seventy of the isolates contained virulence genes that encoded intimin and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli hemolysin. These were serogroups O111, O157, O109, O103, O145, O172, O84, O26, O108, O117, O126, O159, O5, O69, O74, O98, and O-rough. Our results suggest that the prevalence of Stx-producing bacteria can be relatively high in cattle, and associated factors may not be entirely similar to those reported for serotype O157:H7. Although Stx-producing bacteria were frequently detected, the strains may not be equally pathogenic for humans given the wide variety of serogroups and virulence genes. However, focusing on O157:H7 in food safety and surveillance programs may allow other Stx-producing bacteria, which appear to be widespread in cattle, to go undetected.

Part 7: Privacy Classification and Security Assessment; International audience; Focusing on personal information disclosure, we apply control theory and the notion of the Order of Control to study people’s understanding of the implications of information disclosure and their tendency to consent to disclosure. We analyzed the relevant literature and conducted a preliminary online study (N = 220) to explore the relationship between the Order of Control and perceived control over personal information. Our analysis of existing research suggests that the notion of the Order of Control can help us understand people’s decisions regarding the control over their personal information. We discuss limitations and future directions for research regarding the application of the idea of the Order of Control to online privacy.