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Early-onset neonatal sepsis (EOS) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among premature babies. Therefore, accurate diagnosis, prompt monitoring of the course of the disease and an effective therapeutic strategy are a guarantee of improving the quality of medical care for newborns, as well as an important reserve for reducing perinatal losses. The aim of the workto summarize modern views on the diagnosis and treatment of early-onset neonatal sepsis in newborns with perinatal pathology. Results and their discussion.An analytical review of modern literature data on problematic issues of EOS diagnostics is carried out. The approaches are stated and the main directions of EOS management at the present stage are formulated. It was revealed that the lack of a consensus definition of neonatal sepsis, the nonspecificity of clinical data is a limiting factor in the timely accurate identification of the septic process. Insufficient diagnostic value of existing laboratory tests leads to defects in the registry and monitoring of this disease, the inability to conduct an objective assessment of the existing epidemiological and microbiological situation in the health care system and the subsequent effective implementation of preventive measures. Conclusions.In the conditions of modern scientific realities, none of the existing laboratory tests can sufficiently reliably confirm or deny the presence of EOS in a newborn child, which determines the search for new promising laboratory tests with high diagnostic and prognostic potential. The optimal treatment strategy for newborns with EOS is broad-spectrum antibiotics.However, today the global problem of excessive irrational prescribing of antibacterial drugs is associated with the formation of multidrug-resistant strains of bacteria, as well as the development of long-term adverse effects, which requires improved diagnostic and treatment algorithms for children who are in the risk group of the development of neonatal sepsis by implementing a comprehensive approach using modern accurate tests in the dynamics of the disease

Early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among premature infants. Conducting high-quality epidemiological monitoring is an important condition for effective tactics treatment neonatal infections and improving the quality of medical care for this category of newborn. The aim.Determination of the value of microbiological triggers in the blood in various clinical options for EONS in preterm infants. Materials and methods.Clinical and microbiological data on 50 prematurely born newborns with EONS were selected. The analysis of the frequency of detected bacteremia, the distribution of pathogenic microorganisms and the clinical characteristics of neonatal sepsis. Results.In the study, sources of infection were detected in 94 % of cases. Positive blood cultures were obtained in 17 (34 %) newborns with EONS. 61.5 % of all cases of bacteremia were caused by coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS). Gram-negative pathogens were detected in 23.5 % of positive blood cultures, representatives of this group were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia. The overall mortality rate from EONS was 30 %. Conclusions.The incidence of sepsis confirmed by a positive blood culture was 34 %. The most common cause of EONS is CoNS, low incidence of group B Streptococcus sepsis has been established. The most frequent septicopymic sources of infection were the lungs, which is expressed in the high incidence (94 %) of X-ray pneumonia in the structure of the EONS.

We have studied the surface structure of tamper-proof paper with positive and negative watermarks at different scales ‒ from a micrometer to a nanometer level, by using the methods of contact profilometry and atomic force microscopy. Experimental research has confirmed that the structural parameters of the tamper-proof paper's surface differ at regions with and without watermarks. The results of measurements by a contact profilometer have made it possible to trace a correlation between values of the profile's mean arithmetic deviation and the presence of watermarks. It was determined that the value for the profile's largest height does not depend on a measurement region, which could be related to the chaotic arrangement of fibers and particles of the filler in the paper bulk that protrude above the profile's line. By analyzing the value of the profile's mean arithmetic deviation obtained by using a method of atomic-force microscopy, it was found that for regions with negative watermarks it is larger than that for regions with positive watermarks. The dependence of the profile's largest height on measurement region is not clearly observed. This may be due to that the size of the examined region (3,000×3,000 nm) covers only part of the pulp fibers. Thus, the results of our analysis allow us to argue that both methods are suitable for estimating the characteristics of paper's surface, and determine the character of interaction between a given type of paper and printing inks during printing process. In particular, it has been established that the method of profilometry makes it possible to determine parameters of the paper's surface profile, formed in a certain way, while the atomic force microscopy method allows analysis of the morphology of its components, located at the surface (fibers, filler's particles, etc.). The availability of information on the structural properties of paper makes it possible to predict the quality of printing reproduction, specifically clearness of reproduction of thin guilloche lines on watermarks, which is relevant because it prevents flaws in printing products for special purposes.

Radiation therapy tries to maximize the effect of radiation on the tumor and minimize its influence on adjacent tissues. However, it highly depends on the accuracy of the tumor segmentation on the planning radiography images. Tumor contouring today is carried out exclusively with the significant contribution of medical specialists which is a tedious, time-demanding, and expensive task. Further, it is prone to the inter-/intra-observer variation that can affect the reliability of the outcome. Existing methods for automatic tumor segmentation can reduce the influence of these factors, but are not completely reliable and leave a lot of room for improvement. In this work, we exploit Spatio-temporal information from the longitudinal CT scans to improve the deep neural network for tumor segmentation. For this purpose, we devise a novel volumetric Spatio-temporal memory network, Butterfly-Net, which stores the previous scan information and reads for the segmentation at the target time point. Moreover, the effect of clinical factors is investigated in the framework of our volumetric Spatio-temporal memory network. Experimental results on our longitudinal CT scans show that our model could effectively utilize temporal information and clinical factors for tumor segmentation. The code is made publicly available 1

The harmful organisms that prevent obtaining constant harvests of black currant are, first of all, the complex of sucking pests. The application of insecticides for the protection of black currant plantings against these phytophages depends primarily on the timely qualitative and effective treatment using the developed specialized rolling stock. In order to gain the desired effect, present study reports design features, which ensure the optimality of spraying zones due to the symmetrical double-sided arrangement of original arc-shaped brackets with nozzles relative to the axis of motion of the unit. Improving effectiveness in spraying the bushes of black currants is provided by the spatial geometric location of nozzles in the layout diagram of the specialized rolling stock with the modernized sprayer OP-2000. For this purpose, we calculated the arc lengths of original brackets L = 1250 and the inclination angles of nozzles α = 33.3°. As the present study revealed, the modernized sprayer OP-2000 (Ukraine) makes it possible to provide a reduction in the population density of plants with sucking pests by 5.8 times, which increases the harvest yield of berries by 0.8 t/ha. In this case, net profit increases by UAH 24573 per hectare at profitability of 386 %., Застосування інсектицидів для захисту насаджень смородини чорної проти фітофагів залежить від ефективних обробок модернізованим обприскувачем ОП-2000 (Україна), що дає можливість забезпечити зниження заселеності рослин сисними шкідниками у 5,8 рази. Показані конструктивні особливості розробленого спеціалізованого рухомого складу, з використанням модернізованого обприскувача, для досягнення бажаного ефекту., Применение инсектицидов для защиты насаждений смородины черной против фитофагов зависит от эффективных обработок модернизированным опрыскивателем ОП-2000 (Украина), что дает возможность обеспечить снижение заселенности растений сосущими вредителями в 5,8 раз. Показаны конструктивные особенности разработанного специализированного подвижного состава, с использованием модернизированного опрыскивателя, для достижения желаемого эффекта.