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Progressive increase in the proportion of elderly patients in the population of many countries actualizes the issues of preserving physical and mental health, working capacity and quality of life of retirees. As a part of preventive geriatric rehabilitation, ‘the Active Longevity’ program has been operating in many cities of Russia over the past three years, one of the aspects of the program is the involvement of elderly patients in active life, including an increase in physical activity. This study included 744 patients who attended face‑to‑face physical training sessions. According to the results of the survey, 41% of pensioners noted an increase of daily physical activity, 94% reported an improvement in health and mood, the level of total blood cholesterol decreased. Almost all patients, both with and without clinical and subclinical manifestations of anxiety and depression, reported a good and very good mood immediately after exercise. Increasing physical activity in elderly patients improves the quality of life and prolongs its duration, and is also an effective method of non‑drug treatment of anxiety‑depressive disorders.

At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was discovered in China, causing the coronavirus infection COVID-19.The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic poses a major challenge tohealth systems around the world. There is still little informationon how infection affects liver function and the significanceof pre-existing liver disease as a risk factor for infection andsevere COVID-19. In addition, some drugs used to treat thenew coronavirus infection are hepatotoxic. In this article, weanalyze data on the impact of COVID-19 on liver function, aswell as on the course and outcome of COVID-19 in patients withliver disease, including hepatocellular carcinoma, or those onimmunosuppressive therapy after liver transplantation.

Interest in chloroquine, and its analog with a more favorable safety profile - hydroxychloroquine, in 2020 is certainly associated with the outbreak of a new coronavirus infection, SARS-CoV-2. The high pathogenicity and lack of specific immunity in the population caused the rapid spread of infection with an extraordinary increase in the burden on the health systems of many countries. In such conditions, it was necessary to quickly find and implement effective methods of treatment and prevention. One of the most promising candidates for this role was hydroxychloroquine, as a multi-purpose drug with a well-studied safety profile and a rich history of use. The article describes some historical stages of the study of chloroquine and its derivatives starting from the 19th century and ending in 2020. The experience of its use for the treatment of diseases such as malaria, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, bronchial asthma, photosensitivity and skin porphyria was reviewed. Separately, some historical aspects of its use for the treatment of viral and oncological diseases were considered. The bibliometric method used in this scientific work clearly demonstrates the dynamics of the changing interest of the scientific community in chloroquine and its derivatives. Chloroquine and its derivatives can definitely be attributed to «pharmaceutical centenarians» with an intense life that continues.

The characteristics of development of vascular lines are important for development and improvement of of surgical treatment, decreasing risk of complications and development of personalized approach to treatment of patients. The purpose of the study is to reveal prevalence of different variants of development of common carotid artery bifurcation and to assess their significance for clinical medicine. The sample included 70 volunteers of average age 43.4 ± 10.7 years. The 3D reconstructions of MRI data 1.5 T Brivo 355 were evaluated. The observation data was grouped and processed using software Microsoft Excel 2007 and IBM SPSS Statistics 20. To summarize the data, 5 main variants of location of great vessels were identified. The most rare types of development and course of carotid arteries in bifurcation area were variants "II" and "III" (8.2% of all observations). The most common development options were "I" (51.4%) and "IV" (31.4%). The variants "I" and "IV" were determined relatively evenly.The variants "II" and "III" were found on the right in 60% and 66.7% correspondingly and "V" option was found on the left in 61.5%. The typical options of location of carotid arteries near the bifurcation (variants "I" and "IV"), 82.8% in total. The cases of ventral position of external carotid artery (variants "II" and "V") were established in 12.9%. The variant III was found in 4.3% of all cases. The distribution of vascular development options depending on the gender of patients was investigated. The study did not reveal significantly pronounced deviations in distribution of variants of vascular development, taking into account the age factor. The mentioned data permits to judge with confidence about necessity of developing personalized treatment of diseases of carotid arteries, considering their anatomical features of development in bifurcation area.

The COVID-19 pandemic poses new challenges for the health sector, related to the organization of medical rehabilitation of patients with COVID-19. Special attention is required for patients after artificial ventilation, who have a high risk of developing physical, mental and cognitive disorders. There are acute post-ovoid syndrome lasting more than 3 weeks and chronic-lasting more than 12 weeks after discharge from the hospital. The most common symptoms are: shortness of breath, fatigue, anosmia, ageusia, myalgia, feeling of fever, tightness in the chest, tachycardia, headaches, anxiety, memory loss, sleep disorders, difficulty concentrating. The article presents the stages of rehabilitation of patients with COVID-19. Dynamic monitoring, measures for the prevention of complications, organization and methods of rehabilitation, including physiotherapy procedures and physical therapy, are considered.

One of the main duties of the Russian Federation is to respect and protect the rights and freedoms of its citizens. In addition, the Russian Federation as a social state the activities of which are designed to provide a decent life and a high level of social protection for all categories of the citizens, without exception, by regulating social, economic and other spheres of society provides social support to all segments of the population, paying special attention to certain categories of citizens which, due to life circumstances or health conditions, need social assistance and special support from the state. The main massif in the category of socially unprotected layers of the population are people with physical disabilities. Comprehensive support for the above category of citizens is carried out, among other things, based on the decision of the medical and social examination. However, the current situation has greatly complicated the on-site examination of disabled people and predetermined the correspondence order as the only possible mechanism for medical and social examination during the coronavirus pandemic. Thus, in fact, conditions close to emergency sent medical and social expertise to the path of telemedicine.

The aim of the study was to study excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) among the residents of Chuvashia. 2161 residents of the republic were interviewed (men - 1007, women - 1154) aged 18 to 70 (average - 36.5 ± 13.8 years old). The Epworth Sleepiness Scale and NoSAS test were used to assess the risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Mathematical and statistical processing included descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance and calculation χ2-distribution. EDS was detected in 846 people (39.2%), without any gender difference and their place of residence. The respondents with EDS were older and had a larger body mass index. With age, the number of individuals with EDS rate increased, reaching the maximum in the age group of 61-70 years. EDS was more often observed in respondents with diseases, sleep disturbances, regular alcohol consumption, smokers, as well as snoring, respiratory arrest in sleep, increased blood pressure and/or treatment for it, and tiredness during the day. The probability of OSAS by NoSAS was determined in 295 people (13.7%), in 21.4% of men and 6.9% of women; EDS was present in 45.4% of the respondents with OSAS. The spread of EDS in the population makes it possible to recommend doctors of various specialties to pay attention to this act as well as to the described risk factors in patients as highly probable grounds for qualifying OSAS, its targeted diagnosis and treatment, as well as comorbid pathology.