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Prostate cancer is the most familiar category of malignancy in men with elevated morbidity and mortality. However, its present management with drugs frequently leads to chemotherapy resistance. It has been identified that the various researches on molecular imaging are incredibly supportive of premature diagnosing, restaging, staging, and specific healing of prostate cancer. Conventional prostate cancer treatment, and particularly chemotherapy, has encountered many challenges like its small level of accumulation, quick drug clearance, or drug resistance at the cancer site. The application of nanotechnology in now-a-days widely utilized in biomedicine field for the synthesis and formulation of different nanoparticulate therapeutic carriers suitable for the liberation of chemotherapeutic agent towards cancer therapy. Tumor-specific targeted drug delivery-based carriers were designed to heal prostate cancer. Among these, the developing nanotechnology has introduced several innovative testing technologies and medications for the treatment of prostate cancer; nanotechnology can significantly increase the management operation of prostate cancer by using specific physical and chemical properties, targeting techniques, or anchoring with imaging/pharmacological substances to provide innovative theranostics devices. This chapter discusses the state of the art developments in nanomaterial-based detection and diagnosis of prostate cancer and illustrates the methods utilized for the functionalization of targeted biomolecules and in the management of a variety of aspects related to prostate cancer with multifunctional nanoplatforms, nanoparticles, and nanobased drug delivery systems.

Blood cancer is caused by the accumulation of malignant transformations that are originated from the cells of primary or secondary lymphoid organs. The three major blood cancers are multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and leukemia. Blood cancer is possibly treated by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and transplantation of bone marrow. Various chemotherapeutic drugs are currently available for treating blood cancer, but still, the use of these clinical drugs is limited due to a lack of tumor cell specificity and dose-related toxicity. In addition, the poor pharmacokinetic profile of these chemotherapeutic agents requires the use of high doses and frequent administration of the drug to assert the threshold therapeutic levels at the site of tumor, thus leading to increased adverse effects in patients. There is an urgent need of developing a suitable and advanced drug delivery system with improved pharmacokinetic properties, safety, and efficacy of conventional therapeutics. The advanced drug delivery systems such as liposomes, nanoparticles, and dendrimer have enhanced pharmacokinetic properties for anticancer therapeutics. For earlier detection of cancer biomarkers in the blood circulation, new advanced drug delivery systems were designed with increased selectivity and sensitivity. They are proved to have enhanced efficacy of anticancer therapeutic drugs compared with conventional chemotherapy. The biocompatibility, biodegradable, and the small submicron-sized particles (20–200 nm) help in overcoming multiple drug resistance. The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect of these small-sized particles allow them to get accumulated at the tumor sites resulting in rapid angiogenesis and inflammation. This chapter gives a description of different therapies as well as the advantages and limitations of advanced drug delivery formulations employed for treating various blood cancers. Additionally, recent investigations, formulations of nanomedicine, and their applications in the treatment of blood cancer are discussed in this chapter.

Corona virus disease-2019 (COVID 19) is a respiratory disorder caused by bunches of serious respiratory disorders (i.e., coughing, fever, and breathing problems) like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and the 79% homology as well as gene sequences are basically similar to SARS-CoV, thus the name of COVID-19 also be distinguish as SARS-CoV-2 on January 7th. Nanoparticles may also improve drug pulmonary efficacy by enhancing residence time, as a consequence the efficient mucus complexation between mucin and nanoparticles caused increment the rate of permeation and tissue uptake and displayed sustainable release property. Advances in device technology have led to the development of more efficient delivery systems capable of delivering larger doses and finer particles into the lung. As more efficient pulmonary delivery devices and sophisticated formulations become available, physicians, and health professionals will have a choice of a wide variety of device and formulation combinations that will target-specific cells or regions of the lung, avoid the lung's clearance mechanisms and be retained within the lung for longer periods. Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) exhibit many unique advantages that have contributed to the incredible growth in the number of DPI pharmaceutical products. To improve the performance, there are a relatively large number of DPI devices available for different inhalable powder formulations. The present review different type of nanoaparticles and DPIs used for the treatment of COVID 19 infections.