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Alcohol abuse is associated with genetic factors and is influenced by certain races and ethnicities. CYP2E1, which works on the endoplasmic reticulum, produces an enzyme that plays a significant role in alcohol metabolism. In relation to it, this study aims to identify the polymorphisms of CYP2E1*5B and CYP2E1*6 genes in alcohol drinkers of Papuan Ethnics. A total of 39 Papuans were analyzed for alcohol drinking habits. Alcohol drinkers were found to be 29 people (74.4%), and 10 people (25.6%) were non-drinkers. The drinkers mainly were late teenagers (89,7%) and males (69,2%). The CYP2E1*5B genotypes were c1/c1 as 94.9% and c1/c2 as 5.1%. Meanwhile, the CYP2E1*6 T/T genotypes were 56.4%, and T/A genotypes were 43.6%. The odd ratio for CYP2E1*5B were 18,5 and 7,7 for CYP2E1*6. p0,05 for CYP2E1*5B and CYP2E1*6 gene polymorphisms for alcohol drinking behavior in the form of frequency, duration, type, and volume of alcohol consumed. Furthermore, c1/c1 and c1/c2 genotype polymorphisms were in CYP2E1*5B; T/T and T/A genotypes were in CYP2E1*6 of Papuan ethnic at Yogyakarta. In conclusion, genotype c1/c1 had 18,5 times of the possibility of being alcoholic drinkers, and genotype T/T had 7,7 times of the possibility of being alcoholic drinkers in Papuan ethnic. It indicated that the type of genotype statistically did not significantly affect alcohol drinking behavior on the subject.

CV. Sarindofood is one of the companies engaged in manufacturing snacks, one of which is a type of Tost and Stick products made from raw materials for industrial corn. CV. Sarindofood uses considerable capital resources, so it needs analysis, especially in the financial sector. This study aims to determine the effect of intellectual capital on corporate financial performance, financial literacy as an understanding of finance. The independent variables used in this study are human capital, structural capital, value-added capital employed, intellectual capital (VAIC). In contrast, the dependent variables include the performance of ROA, ROI, and ROE. The data in this study are the company's financial statement data CV. Sarindofood consists of a balance sheet report and cash flow for five years from 2019 to 2018. The method used in this study uses Multiple Linear Regression, VAIC, and partial t-test, and a simultaneous F-test is used as analysis tools to see each variable's effect. The results of this study indicate that Capital Employee partially has a significant impact on financial performance. Human capital partly has a significant and positive impact on financial performance. Structural capital partially has a significant and positive effect on financial performance. Whereas the value of the results simultaneously shows that the influence of Intellectual Capital on ROA has a significant effect of 60%, Intellectual Capital on RO1 has a significant effect of 69%, and Intellectual Capital on ROE has a significant effect of 55%.

Through the dataset from APO (Asian Productivity Organization) comprising 22 countries in Asia from 1980 to 2015, this study is to investigate the growth pattern, decomposition, and determinants of structural transformation in Asia. A decomposition method measuring within-effect, between-static-effect, and between-dynamic-effect was adopted to explain the structural change within sectors of agriculture, industry, and services. The results show that the agriculture sector of all countries in Asia declines slowly. The agriculture sector is no longer the largest contributor to GDP in all Asian countries even though it still has the largest labor in Asian developing countries. Workers moving from the agriculture sector to the services sector as the productivity of the service sector is higher than agriculture. The structural changes positively contribute to productivity growth in Asia as a result of the positive static reallocation effects and negative dynamic reallocation effects. Overall, the structural changes contribute to a large part of labor productivity growth. The important determinants of structural transformation are the employment share in agriculture and trade. Final, the policy implication was proposed for structural changes.

The purpose of this study was to investigate technical, allocative, cost and scale efficiency of palm oil companies in Indonesia. The data used cross sectional data on Indonesian Manufacturing Industries that were collected in the annual surveys by Indonesia’s Central of Statistics/BPS for 2015 which is registered under KBLI code 10431. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a nonparametric method in operations research and economics for the estimation of production frontiers. It is used to empirically measure productive efficiency of decision making units (DMUs). The input of the palm oil production system are capital, labor, materials, land and energy. While output include industrial product in terms of CPO/PKO and biogas. The finding shows that Riau Island, North Sulawesi and Papua have high score of efficiency in terms of TE, AE, CE and SE, while West Java and Banten province at low level in terms of cost and allocative efficiency. Nevertheless, on nationwide the score of allocative and cost efficiency still low. Hence, all the input efficiencies still need to be improved, and also reduce cost of production. Beside that, the companies should make an improvement by enhancing management capabilities and improving allocation efficiency.

Medicine is one of the most important components in terms of health both to prevent reducing or cure a disease or symptoms of the disease bydoing medication processing every month can be a source decision making to ensure the availability of more effective and efficient drugs. However, the implementation of medicine for the health services district in lombok east has been affected by the difficulties dealt with with drug data documentation that resulted in increased drug use, and the distribution of drugs was hampered not only. Therefore there needs to be a method that helps the system of drug-filing systems based on monthly reports. K-means is expected to be able to group monthly medications that can be used as a model for planning medical supplies the following year, and the information generated from them can be used as a recommendation in both community centers and hospitals to improve public health services. The criteria for the most drugs in the East Lombok District Health Office were 193 items. This is because the usage is seen the most from monthly usage. There are 2 slices of drug use there are 2 slices, namely the first drug with group number 4, the item is less use than group 1. Second, there are drugs with group 3 number, the item which has the least use of group 1 and group 2. DOI : 10.29408/jit.v3i2.2315

These days, the development of science and technology is increasingly rapid, especially information technology and telecommunications that provide an important role in human life, especially in the world of education. One of them is a website technology that has been widely used to help facilitate the delivery of information in schools. And one of the high schools in the village of Mamben Lauk, Wanasaba Subdistrict, which is called Al-Mukhtariyah High School, did not have a website. Based on this occasion the present researcher took the initiative to create a website for the school. This is the time for all schools in this day to have a website and use it as facility to deliver of information to students or the wider community. To build a website the researcher used the PHP programming language and MySQL database with the Code Igniter framework. DOI : 10.29408/jit.v3i1.1793

(1) Background: Neglected occupational health and safety aspects in batik industries cause their workers to have an increased risk of lead exposure. The effect of occupational lead exposure on neurocognitive performance is inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted an observational study to examine the difference in simple reaction time between lead-exposed batik workers and non-exposed referents. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in seven batik enterprises in Lendah District, Indonesia, excluding workers with medical conditions impairing reaction time. Simple reaction time tests were conducted using an online tool. Two-way model ANCOVAs examined interactions between gender and job types on the mean differences in reaction time. (3) Results: After controlling for age and body mass index, we observed longer reaction times among lead-exposed batik workers than non-exposed referents with an adjusted mean difference of 0.19 (95% CI: 0.016–0.368) seconds. A more prominent detrimental effect of lead exposure on reaction time among female workers than among male workers was observed. (4) Conclusions: Our results suggest that occupational lead exposure could contribute to longer reaction time, notably among female workers. Thus, occupational health and safety precautions are vital to protect batik workers and preserve their important contributions to cultural heritage.

Excessive alcohol consumption is harmful to many human organs, but the association with kidney function is still controversial. The disagreement in findings might be caused by ADH1C polymorphism's influence on alcohol metabolism rate. This study aims to determine the correlation between ADH1C polymorphism and kidney function status in Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) ethnicity, a population with highly prevalent alcohol consumption in Indonesia. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 76 subjects, who are natives of NTT, Indonesia. The genotyping of extracted DNA for ADH1C was done by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using restriction endonuclease SspI. Kidney function status was defined by serum urea level and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) that had been categorized according to percentiles. The correlation with the ADH1C allele was analyzed using chi-square tests. The genotype of ADH1C in NTT ethnicity was ADH1C*1/*2 (51.3%), ADH1C*2/*2 (47.4%) and ADH1C*1/*1 (1.3%). The results showed that the population had the ADH1C*2 (73.03%) and the ADH1C*1 (26.97%) allele. There was a significant association between ADH1C polymorphism and eGFR among NTT ethnicity ( p =0.005) when eGFR was analyzed at the 25 th percentile (74.75 mL/minute/1.73m 2 ). However, we found no associations when eGFR was analyzed at 50 th ( p =0.571) and 75 th ( p =0.335) percentiles. The odds ratio shows that having the ADH1C*1/*2 genotype escalates the probability of declining eGFR 6.620 times compared to ADH1C*2/*2 (95% CI: 1.539-28.478), after adjusted for smoking behavior. We found no association between ADH1C polymorphism and serum urea level ( p =0.123, 0.421, and 0.335). The majority of NTT ethnicity have the ADH1C*1/*2 genotype. Populations with ADH1C*1/*2 have higher odds ratio for eGFR below 74.75 mL/minute/1.73m 2 than those with ADH1C*2/*2 genotype. There was no association between ADH1C polymorphism and serum urea levels.

Latar belakang Kualitas hidup manusia ditentukan oleh tingkat sosiodemografi, status kesehatan umum dan rongga mulut yang saling berkaitan. Ras dan suku menentukan genetika dalam merespon keradangan, kerentanan jaringan rongga mulut terhadap bakteri atau injuri, meregulasi hormon reproduksi, dan sindrom menopause. Akan tetapi hubungan faktor tersebut masih belum banyak terungkap, khususnya pada Suku Osing. Suku Osing merupakan salah satu suku yang masih memegang kuat adat istiadat.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui status kesehatan rongga mulut wanita suku Osing. Metode Penelitian observasional dengan desain cross sectional.Subyek penelitian dikelompokan menjadi kelompok usia produktif dan menopause. Pada subyek penelitian dilakukan pemeriksaan status kesehatan rongga mulut meliputi jumlah gigi yang tersisa di rongga mulut, indeks periodontal, karies dan kebersihan rongga mulut. Semua data dikategorikan kemudian akan dilakukan uji korelasi non parametric (p?0,05). Hasil Kelompok wanita usia menopause pada penelitian ini sudah mengalami menopause dalam kurun waktu 5-10 tahun.Jumlah gigi wanita usia menopause lebih sedikit dibanding wanita usia produksif (p?0,05). Wanita usia menopause lebih banyak menderita penyakit periodontal yang bersifat irreversible (2,65 ± 0,35) daripada wanita usia produktif (1,16 ± 0,27). Indeks karies kelompok wanita usia menopause (D=166, M=570) lebih tinggi dibanding wanita usia produktif (D=247, M=162). Akan tetapi, kedua kelompok ini mempunyai tingkat kebersihan mulut yang sama. Selain itu terdapat hubungan antara tingkat kebersihan mulut, penyakit periodontal, karies dan lamanya menopause (R>0,3). Simpulan Status kesehatan rongga mulut wanita usia menopause suku Osing di Desa Kemiren, Kecamatan Glagah, Banyuwangi lebih buruk dibanding wanita usia produktif. Akan tetapi, perlu penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi status kesehatan rongga mulut tersebut. Background Social-demography, health status, and oral health specify a quality life, which all of them are correlated. Races and ethnic assign genetic aspect, especially in inflammation respond, oral tissue susceptibility to bacterial infection and injuries, hormone regulation, and menopause syndrome. However, the relationships are unexplored yet, especially in osingese. Osingese is one of ethnic which hold the customs strongly. The objective of this study was to know the oral health status of Osingese Women. Method This study was observational with a cross-sectional design. The subjects were classified into productive and menopause age. All of the subjects were examined their oral health, including remain teeth, periodontal index, caries index, and oral hygiene index. All of the data were categorized and analyzed by non-parametric correlation analysis (p?0.05). Result Menopause aged group experienced menopause period about 5-10 years. The number of teeth of the menopause group was less than productive group (p?0.05). The menopause group more sustained irreversible periodontal diseases (2.65 ± 0.35) than the productive group (1.16 ± 0.27). Caries index in the menopause group (D=166, M=570) was higher than the productive group (D=247, M=162). However, their oral hygiene index was the same. Moreover, there presented the relationship between oral hygiene, caries index, periodontal index, and menopause status (R>0.3). Conclusion Oral health status menopause aged osingese women was poorer than the productive group. However, it needed further study to investigate the other factor influencing oral health status. Keywords: caries, periodontal disease, oral hygiene, menopause, Osingese

This study aims to analyze the competitive advantage and comparative advantage of cassava in Simalungun Regency, North Sumatera Province, which will be focused on increasing the production more better and more diversified through the approach of cassava farming activities. This context, based on the demand side of cassava commodity that is feasible to be developed by increasing its production in order to influence the level of income that will be received by farmers. This paper is proposed to: (a) analysis of farming both financially and economically, (b) comparative and competitive analysis, (c) to formulate the interim policy assumption of both advantages. Result of Matrix Policy Analysis Method (PAM), indicating that both of these commodities has a comparative and competitive advantage, shown by the ratio of DRC and PCR less than 1. Calculation shows DRC for cassava equal to 0.259. PCR of cassava farming is 0.66. This value means that cassava farming in Simalungun district can be said to have superiority comparative and competitive advantage. In other words, cassava farming at more research sites more better to be produced domestically rather than imported.

Non-adherence to fluid restriction on impaired kidney perfusion problems will lead to chronic excess fluid and increase the risk of other disease complications. Self-efficacy is an important component of achieving goals. Fluids restriction management education in the impaired kidney perfusion problems is the main thing that required to improving self-efficacy of patients and families. The purpose of this case study is to examine self-efficacy of patients with impaired kidney perfusion before and after fluids restriction management education in patients and families. Cases study was performed on two patients with impaired kidney perfusion. Fluid restriction management education on patients and families are given to improve self-efficacy. Self-efficacy scores on Mr. Y before the education are 105 and 112 after education, while the self-efficacy scores on Mr. E before the education are 111 and 113 after education. Furthermore, both patients stated to be more assured on adherence to fluid restriction management for impaired kidney perfusion. Education of fluid restriction management in patients and families with impaired kidney perfusion can improve self-efficacy in patients. Nurses can educate the patients and families by multiplying methods and instructional media.

These research goals are to analyze the factors that affect the production of sugar cane, to analyze the level of technical efficiency of farming sugar cane, and to analyze the factors that technical inefficiency affecting sugar cane farming in the dry land and irrigated land. Methods of data analysis that is used to find out the factors that affect the production of sugar cane and the level of technical efficiency of sugar cane farming is a stochastic production frontier. In order to find the factors that affect technical inefficiency of sugar cane efficiency, Tobit analysis is applied. The results show that the influential factors towards the production of sugar cane in the dry land i.e. number of seedlings and the number of labor, while sugar cane production in the irrigated land are the amount of labor, Urea fertilizer, Ponska fertilizer and herbicides. The average technical efficiency of sugar cane farming achieved in the dry land is 0.887 and the average technical efficiency of irrigated land is 0.928. Factors that influence technical inefficiency of sugar cane farming in the dry land are rejuvenation of sugar cane (keprasan), frequency of counseling, and seeds. While the factors for irrigated land are rejuvenation of sugar cane (keprasan) and frequency of counseling.

Menarche adalah perdarahan pertama dari uterus yang terjadi pada seorang wanita. Usia menarche dapat bervariasi pada setiap individu. Secara umum usia menarche terjadi pada usia 12-15 tahun, pada usia ini pendidikan yang ditempuh adalah SMP. Dalam 100 tahun terakhir, usia menarche telah bergeser ke usia yang lebih muda. Semmel weiss menyatakan bahwa 100 tahun yang lalu usia gadis-gadis Vienna pada waktu menarche berkisar antara 15-19 tahun. Sekarang usia gadis remaja pada waktu menarche bervariasi lebar, yaitu antara 10-16 tahun tetapi rata-rata 12,5 tahun. Hasil penjajakan awal melalui wawancara dengan pengelola program UKS di puskesmas Mandala dikemukakan bahwa belum pernah dilakukan penelitian terkait usia menarche pada siswi kelas VIII SMPN 2 desa Tambak Baya kabupaten Lebak yang termasuk ke dalam di wilayah kerja puskesmas Mandala. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meanganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan usia menarche pada siswi kelas VIII SMPN 2 desa Tambak Baya kecamatan Cibadak kabupaten Lebak tahun 2016. Metodelogi penelitian ini menggunakan desain “crossectional” Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswi kelas VIII SMPN 2 desa Tambak Baya kecamatan Cibadak kabupaten Lebak berjumlah 100 orang, Sedangkan sampel penelitian sama dengan populasi. Tehnik pengambilan sampel secara purporsive sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian ditujukan kepada siswi saja. Penelitian dilaksanakan sejak bulan Mei 2016 sampai Nopember 2016. Pada penelitian ini penulis akan mengkaji lebih dalam tentang usia menarche pada wilayah pedesaan, karena dari beberapa penelitian terdahulu dilakukan diwilayah perkotaan. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar siswi menarche >12 tahun (65%), Hampir seluruhnya pendidikan ibu ≤ SLTP (97%), sebagian besar usia menarche ibu > 12 tahun (82%), sebagian usia pengenalan komunikasi HP usia > 10 tahun (67%), sebagian besar sumber informasi menarche diperoleh melalui media non formal (77%), hampir seluruh siswi aktifitas fisik olah raga ≤ 2 kl per minggu (96%), sebagian besar status gizi siswi ≤ Kurang (63%). Ada hubungan bermakna antara sumber informasi dengan usia menarche (OR 0,3).Ada hubungan bermakna antara status gizi dengan usia menarche (OR 2,5). Tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara pendidikan ibu, usia menarche ibu, usia pengenalan media komunikasi HP, aktivitas olah raga dengan usia menarche. Hasil analisis faktor risiko usia menarche diketahui ada hubungan bermakna antara sumber informasi dan status gizi dengan usia menarche. Kepada pihak sekolah disarankan untuk memberikan informasi formal melalui mata pelajaran terkait kesehatan reproduksi disekolah, mendatangkan nara sumber, serta menyebarluaskan informasi formal tentang menarche melalui buku saku, brosur, Leaflet. Kepada puskesmas diharapkan dapat menyebarluaskan informasi tentang menarche melalui penyuluhan, poster, brosur, leaflet, dan lainnya.

Artisanal and small scale gold mining (ASGM) activities at Sekotong Sub District, West Lombok District, West Nusa Tenggara which use a traditional system have been operating since 2008. The objectives of this study were to analyze the socio-economic impacts of ASGM, to know the policy on ASGM in West Lombok Regency, and to formulate the policy recommendations of sustainable agricultural management which consider the ASGM activities. This study was conducted at Batu Putih and Pelangan villages of the Sekotong sub District which was chosen purposively. The research method was a case study with survey by interviewing 30 farmers with miners that were selected by a simple random sampling and field observation. A policy study was also used by interviewing key informants from many stakeholders. The results showed that ASGM activities at Sekotong improved the income of farmers/miners and created job opportunities. From the average, the ASGM mining contributed 76.01 % of farmers/miners income, while the farming incomes was 23.99 % of total income. In 2011, West Lombok local government issued a regional regulation through a decree number 1102A/480A/Distamben/2011 about The Determination of the Artisanal Mining Area. But, after the Law of Republic Indonesia Number 23/2014 on Regional Government, the authority to give the artisanal mining permit is the Provincial Government. In terms of economics, the ASGM activities supported the agricultural sustainability. However, the environmental impact of it activities needs to be addressed with technologies which are economically viable and environtmentally sound such as phytoremediation

The journey to get to the Holy Land is somewhat complicated but along with the times, departing Umrah becomes easy because now many travel agents receive Umrah travel services. At present many agents accept Umrah travel services, but there are also some travel agents that are illegal and are not registered with the Ministry of Religion. Such travel agents harm Umrah pilgrims who want to practice their religion. With the price of cheap Umrah trips become an attraction for pilgrims and do not pay attention to the legality of the travel agent. And in the end pilgrims did not depart with various reasons to cover up the crime of the travel agent. For this reason, pilgrims need an application that can provide information searching for Umrah packages with consideration of the same facilities. And making this application can make it easier for prospective pilgrims to choose the same facilities with prices according to ability. Not only can know the price, prospective pilgrims can also see information on facilities and also the officiality (legality) of the travel agent. This research was conducted to make it easier for prospective pilgrims to choose facilities, prices and legality of the travel agent, and also apply the Rabin Karp algorithm and design a web-based Umrah package catalog application. Based on the results of the analysis, this system can help prospective Umrah pilgrims visitors with a success rate of 79.45% to determine the search results for prospective Umrah pilgrims.Keywords: umroh package catalog, rabin karp, string matching

Alcohol tends to disrupt the organs function of human body, even can cause serious and chronic damage. In Indonesia, the data on cell damage taken from organs including the livers and kidneys among alcoholics are still practically unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the differences of organs’ cell disturbance between alcoholics and non-alcoholics in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A crosssectional study was conducted among 197 people in Yogyakarta, including 96 alcoholics and 101 non-alcoholics. The material of the study was taken from venous blood samples. A kinetic photometric test was conducted to obtain data on blood-chemical markers’ value of livers (SGOT, SGPT, and GGT), and kidneys (BUN and serum creatinine). The data werethen analyzed by Chi square test.From a total of 96 alcoholics, 83.6% are males and 16.4% are females who consumed alcohol for an average of 16 years, with 51.6% routinely consuming it daily. The kind of alcohol they consumed was single-brand (59.8%). Based on 25th percentile (GGT), on 50th percentile (SGOT, GGT), and on 75th percentile (SGPT, GGT), the alcoholics had higher proportion value of liver marker disturbance than non-alcoholics which was statistically significant (p

Background: coronary artery disease is one of non-communicable disease that leading cause of death in the global, which can disturb physical, psychological, and social aspects on the quality of life (QoL). The perception of QoL are difference among patients. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between demographic characteristics and quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study surveyed patients with coronary artery disease. Participants were 124 (96 males and 28 females) with purposive sampling. Quality of life was measured with (SF-36) questionnaire. Spearman rho correlation coefficient were used to examine the relationships between the independent and dependent variable. Results: Spearman rho correlation coefficient analysis indicated that demographic characteristics (age, gender, marital status, and alcohol consumption) were not correlated significantly, but education level, occupation, income, and exercise were correlated significantly with quality of life. Conclusion: There were statistically significant the relationship between demographic characteristics and quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether promotions and prices have an effect on sales made by e-commerce. This research was conducted by involving 100 respondents in the city of Tangerang who had shopped at an online store. To determine the relationship between variables with a test research instrument in the form of a scale to measure the variable Promotion (X1) and Price (X2) to Sales. (Y). with the method 1. Validity and Reliability Test; 2. Classical Assumption Test; 3. Multiple Regression Analysis; 4. Hypothesis test, and produce the value of X1 (0.287), X2 (0.148) and the value of R2 (0.144) so that it affects both partially and simultaneously.

Tobacco is one of main export commodity from the plantation sub-sector of Indonesia. Indonesian tobacco exports in recent years, 2008 to 2014 experienced an increase or had a positive trend. It shows that the tobacco has the potential to be developed. Competitiveness analysis using the calculation of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), while the analysis of competitivness Export Index (ECI) to see the trend of competitiveness. If Indonesia had RCA more than one, so Indonesia has a competitive advantage and if Indonesia has a value of ECI more than one, then Indonesia is said to have a good competitiveness development. Based on the analysis of tobacco RCA Indonesia in the international market, Indonesia has a comparative advantage compared to competing countries of Indonesia, such as France and Thailand with RCA> 1. Because Indonesia has a high export value for the tobacco and abundant natural resources as well as the amount of labor that much.The results of the analysis of ECI, to determine the trend of the competitiveness of Indonesian tobacco than the comparison countries, namely France and Thailand, shows Indonesian tend to have better competitiveness development value ECI> 1. This is because of Indonesia has a better advantage export than France and Thailand. Based on the analysis of RCA and ECI, it can be concluded that in the future, tobacco will be a interested commodity because of the increased demand, it will make Indonesia must have a competitiveness in domestic and international markets.

This study aims to analyze the factors that affect the supply, demand and price of garlic in Indonesia. In addition, also to seek alternative policies related to the import and production of garlic in Indonesia. Nerlove partial adjustment of supply and partial adjustment demand model are used in the estimation of supply and demand. The results showed that all the equations in the model are significant and qualified to statistical tests. In the short term, the entire exogenous variables are inelastic on its endogenous variables. But in the long term only garlic harvested area at one and two previous years, garlic productivity at one previous year, demand at one previous year and the import tariff that are elastic on its endogenous variables. Recommended alternative policies are the expansion of garlic farming land and continue to subsidize urea in addition provide protection against domestic garlic farmers through renegotiate the garlic import tariffs for long-term and maintain the stability of exchange rate in short term in order to create the conducive conditions of garlic market.

Farm management had several constraint such as limited water availability, excessive use of production factor(s), and declining productivity. Goal of farming activity is not only seen from the increased production but, also from how the increased production can increase the farmers income. Therefore, the aim of this research was to know the factors that affect fertilizer and labor usage in the research area, and also the factors that affect rice production. Location of research was determined purposive to be in Sekotong, West Lombok, Indonesia. The data was obtained through simple random sampling. The data analysis method used 2SLS (two Stage Least Square). The result of this research foundthat the factors that affect fertilizer usage are land area, total cost of labor, and age of farmers. Factors that affect labor usage are farmer education, total cost of labor, and number of family. Factors that affect rice production are land area, seed, pesticide, and fertilizer.

Alcohol, narcotics, psychotropic substances and other addictive substances are substances that are often misused. The majority of drug users are adolescents with age ranging from 13 - 17 years old at which abuse can affect body composition. Considering the role of the younger generation as the nation’s successors, it sparks the urgency to alleviate this negative behavior. One of the measures that can be done is by shifting the negative activities to positive ones such as sports. In order to do this, it is necessary to identify the performance characteristics of the youths to maximize their potential. This study aimed to find out the performance characteristics of the younger generation in Ngablak Village and their association with drug abuse. A total of 50 youth members in Ngablak Village, Ngablak Subdistrict, Magelang Regency were examined for anthropometry, physical (pulse, respiration rate, blood pressure, temperature), and somatotype associated with performance. Identification of subjects involved in alcohol and drug abuse was carried out using a questionnaire. The results were displayed descriptively. Statistical analyses (t-test or Mann Whitney U test) were used to compare performance characteristics between groups. Age of subjects ranged from 9 - 19 years and 50% were male. A total of 13 boys and 2 girls consumed alcohol. The results of physical examination showed the normal range in all subjetcs. The average age, height, and weight of male subjects who comsumed alcohol were higher than those who did not (p < 0,05). There was no difference in somatotype between adolescents who consumed alcohol and those who did not. The body type of male subjects based on measurements was the ideal type, whereas the female subjects had endomesomorphic body type. The tendency of consuming alcohol does not cause differences in body type in adolescents, both in male and female.

Immunization is the giving of immunity to infants and children to various diseases, so that babies and children grow in healthy condition. Provision of immunization is a preventive measure so that the body is not infected with certain infectious diseases such as tetanus, whooping cough (pertussus), measles (measles), polio and tuberculosis or if there is any, does not have a fatal effect on the body. Therefore researchers are interested in examining the relationship between knowledge and attitudes of mothers with the implementation of MR immunization in Rt 05 Kelurahan Tagaraja Kecamatan Kateman Kebupaten Indragiri Hilir Tahun 2018. This study uses a cross sectional research design. The population of this study were all mothers with immunization in RT 05 Tagaraja Village, Indragiri Hilir District Kateman District in 2018, 48 people and a sample of 48 people, with total sampling technique. Data analysis techniques were performed using chi-square statistical test analysis. The results of the study showed that there was a significant relationship between the relationship of knowledge and attitudes of mothers with the implementation of immunization of rubella measles (MR)in RT 05 Kelurahan Tagaraja Kecamatan Kateman Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir Tahun 2018 with p value 0,002 (p < 0,05. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that there is a relationship between knowledge and attitudes of mothers with the implementation of immunization of rubella measles (MR)in RT 05 Kelurahan Tagaraja Kecamatan Kateman Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir Tahun 2018. Suggestions for mothers It is hoped that for the research location to make an extension program before the scheduled implementation of the rubella measles immunization to provide education on maternal health and government programs in the implementation of immunization for rubella measles (MR) can be carried out.

(Title: An Analysis of The Errors of Using Tenses On Basic Japanese Learners In Indonesia.) The research aims at describing the errors of using tenses in basic Japanese on learners whose first language is Bahasa Indonesia. In the process of acquiring the second language, it is possible for the first language to influence the second one because of the transfer of some fundamental elements, i.e. using tenses of the first to the second language. The data of research are in form of Japanese language sentences that get interference of tenses formation from Indonesian language. The data were collected by observation. Contrastive method was used in analysis. The results of the analysis show that Bahasa Indonesia tenses formation system influences the use of using tenses in basic Japanese on those who learn Japanese as a second language. The lead to the errors in using tenses in Japanese. To overcome the problem, Japanese teachers shall expose the using tenses continuously to its lerners whose first language is bahasa Indonesia.

Benefit Program (BP) is the financial compensation provided indirectly to the employees, including 3 (three) categories, namely: income protection Programmes, reimbursed time off and empl(yee services and perquisites. BP offered a firm reflects the specific decisions made by managers. For companies, BP is offered to strengthen the emergence of a sense of caring and belonging as a family on the employees them selves. For employees, BP is provided by the company can help meet their physical and economic needs, and will ultimately spur performance. Therefore, BP can also be linked to individual performance and company performance. BP is a major cost for employers and as a key element of compensation that will affect the satirfaction of the employee. Today many companies devlop creative BP, leaving BP with the traditional concept of one-size-fits-all and offers the flexibility for employees to choose a BP that can meet the unique needs of each employee