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Highlights • A non-human primate protective head cap that promotes wound healing after cranial implants. • Use of the head cap reduced wound dehiscence and the need to re-suture surgical wounds. • The head cap is easily adjustable to cover most primate cranial implants. • The head cap facilitates primate cranial implant wound management in neuroscience., Background Neuroscience studies with macaque monkeys may require cranial implants to stabilize the head or gain access to the brain for scientific purposes. Wound management that promotes healing after the cranial implant surgery in non-human primates can be difficult as it is not necessarily possible to cover the wound margins. New method Here, we developed an easily modifiable head cap that protects the sutured skin margins after cranial implant surgery and contributes to wound healing. The protective head cap was developed in response to monkeys picking at sutured skin margins around an implant, complicating healing. The user-friendly protective cap, made from Klarity- R™ Sheet (3.2 mm thick with 36 % or 42 % perforation) is affixed to the implant post-surgically. Once secured and while the monkey is still anesthetized, the plastic sheeting is molded around the implant. The protective head cap restricts the monkey’s finger access to its’ wound margins while allowing air to circulate to promote wound healing. Results and comparison with existing methods Across two UK primate facilities, the protective head cap promoted wound healing. In monkeys that did not wear the head cap, re-suturing was necessary in ∼30 % of cases. In contrast, none of the monkeys that wore the head cap required re-suturing. The monkeys wearing the head cap also had reduced numbers of days of prescribed antibiotics and analgesia. Conclusion This bespoken, easily adaptable, protective head cap supports postoperative wound healing, and enhances the welfare of monkeys involved in neuroscience research.

SUMMARY A 46XY individual with incomplete male pseudohermaphroditism was studied. The phenotype was distinctive, with a masculine habitus despite a small phallus, gynaecomastia and diminished virilization. Plasma levels of testosterone, oestrogens, gonadotrophins and sex-hormone binding globulin were elevated. It is proposed that this syndrome is a variant of Type I incomplete male pseudohermaphroditism.

SUMMARY Eight patients with treated Addison's disease were studied whilst receiving different doses of fludrocortisone together with a constant intake of glucocorticoid. Plasma renin activity (PRA), blood pressure, pulse rate and plasma potassium and urea concentrations were measured after 2-week periods on each dose. In two patients, PRA measurements indicated that mineralocorticoid replacement therapy had been inadequate. In four others, PRA remained normal throughout the study, even after fludrocortisone had been discontinued, suggesting that the drug was unnecessary for the maintenance of normal sodium balance in these patients. Asymptomatic fludrocortisone overdosage was indicated by a low plasma potassium concentration, but not by PRA measurements which failed in this study to distinguish between adequate and excessive mineralocorticoid replacement.

This chapter presents the studies on multi-system involvement in active chronic hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis. 63 patients have been studied. They were classified into four groups on the basis of clinical, biochemical, and histological criteria. Of the 24 patients with active chronic hepatitis, 41% patients had keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and 38% patients also had xerostomia. Rheumatoid arthritis was found in only 4% patients. In the primary biliary cirrhosis group, 73% patients had keratoconjunctivitis sicca, 61% patients had xerostomia, and 6% patients had rheumatoid arthritis. In the group with cryptogenic cirrhosis, there were fewer patients with keratocon. Renal tubular acidosis is an inability of the renal tubule to acidify urine out of proportion to any reduction in glomerular filtration rate. Renal tubular acidosis might be present clinically as an overt type in which the urine pH is greater than 6, despite a systemic metabolic acidosis. Ulcerative colitis, peripheral neuropathy, sensory and motor, and auto-immune thyroid disease were found in various patients as was observed in other series.