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Visibility determination is a key requirement in a wide range of national and urban applications, such as national security, landscape management, and urban design. Mobile LiDAR point clouds can de...

In view of the fact that the monitoring data in large-scale distribution network has the characteristics of quantifiable, real-time, dynamic and so on, and the data storage capacity is insufficient, this paper puts forward the design of the real-time monitoring data expansion intelligent upgrading system in the distribution station area. Realizes the monitoring data expansion capacity intelligence enhancement. Through designing the hardware module of expanding capacity and installing the data acquisition interface, the hardware design of intelligent upgrading of monitoring data expansion capacity is realized. On this basis, the hierarchical extended storage mechanism is used to store the data node information. The real-time reading and querying function of the data is realized, and the capacity ratio of the monitoring data is calculated. Finally, the intelligent upgrading system of the real-time monitoring data expansion capacity is realized.

Background MicroRNA (miRNA) plays a vital role in the intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. The expression level of miR-573 was downregulated whereas Bax was upregulated notably in human degenerative nucleus pulposus cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of miR-573 in human degenerative nucleus pulposus (NP) cells following hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment. Methods NP cells were separated from human degenerated IVD tissues. The control cells were maintained in 5% CO2/95% air and the hyperoxic cells were exposed to 100% O2 at 2.5 atmospheres absolute. MiRNA expression profiling was performed via microarray and confirmed by real-time PCR, and miRNA target genes were identified using bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assays. The mRNA and protein levels of Bax were measured. The proliferation of NPCs was detected using MTT assay. The protein expression levels of Bax, cleaved caspase 9, cleaved caspase 3, pro-caspase 9, and pro-caspase 3 were examined. Results Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of the Bax mRNA contained the “seed-matched-sequence” for hsa-miR-573, which was validated via reporter assays. MiR-573 was induced by HBO and simultaneous suppression of Bax was observed in NP cells. Knockdown of miR-573 resulted in upregulation of Bax expression in HBO-treated cells. In addition, overexpression of miR-573 by HBO increased cell proliferation and coupled with inhibition of cell apoptosis. The cleavage of pro-caspase 9 and pro-caspase 3 was suppressed while the levels of cleaved caspase 9 and caspase 3 were decreased in HBO-treated cells. Transfection with anti-miR-573 partly suppressed the effects of HBO. Conclusion Mir-573 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis by targeting Bax in human degenerative NP cells following HBO treatment.

From the basic concept of SoLoMo, combined with the National Library of China in the social, localization and mobile aspects of the service work and marketing case, this paper puts forward a library service marketing framework, the data show that can effectively improve the library service efficiency.

Kirsten rat sarcoma 2 viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) is the most commonly mutated oncogene in human cancer. The developments of many cancers depend on sustained expression and signaling of KRAS, which makes KRAS a high-priority therapeutic target. Scientists have not successfully developed drugs that target KRAS, although efforts have been made last three decades. In this review, we highlight the emerging experimental strategies of impairing KRAS membrane localization and the direct targeting of KRAS. We also conclude the combinatorial therapies and RNA interference technology for the treatment of KRAS mutant cancers. Moreover, the virtual screening approach to discover novel KRAS inhibitors and synthetic lethality interactors of KRAS are discussed in detail.

The field of plasmonics has experience a renaissance in recent years by providing a large variety of new physical effects and applications. Surface plasmon polaritons, i.e. the collective electron oscillations at the interface of a metal/dielectric, may bridge the gap between electronic and photonic devices, provided a fast switching mechanism is identified. Here, we presents a cavity ring-down technique called SPR sensor for conducting demodulated applications. Theoretical derivation indicates the conditions in which the laser frequency and linewidth remain unchanged, the optical field strength that mainly depends on the cavity mirror reflectivity, and the PZT scanning speed. Simulated experiments show that higher ring-down cavity precision, smaller anti-cross linewidth, and less time for increases and ring-downs are observed when the reflection coefficient is large. As a photon leaves the ring-down cavity, the photon quantities decrease again. The relative light intensity in the ring-down cavity is large when the PZT scanning speed is small. The application of a demodulation system shows that the ring-down cavity technology can largely improve the sensitivity of SPR sensors. The demodulation speed can also reach the ms level. A demodulation system is important for biochemical reaction kinetics and remote monitoring applications.

To effectively and precisely drive industrial cameras to photograph and then sort long bamboo battens, a surface-defect and color detection device and a sorting device are designed. Further, a sectionalized photography program and sorting program design is proposed. The overall machine employs STM32 as the core master controller, which is connected to the relay drive plate, the photoelectric switch, the industrial camera, etc., for control, to photograph bamboo battens of different lengths in sections, and to sort six types of bamboo batten according to the bamboo-batten category signal sent by the upper computer. Devices for improving bamboo-product processing system efficiency and enhancing the level of automation of modern agricultural products, such as the proposed design, are of considerable importance.

As the SiC lightweight primary mirror in a 4 m photoelectric telescope has high specific stiffness and needs strict surface precision, this paper proposes an axial active support system based on the hydraulic whiffletree passive support for the primary mirror. The hydraulic whiffletree support system was used to support the mirror weight, and the active support was just output active forces to correct mirror surface errors, reduce the active force range and to increase the precision of active force. A 54-point axial support system and a 24-point lateral support system were optimized by the Finite Element Method (FEM), and the parameter of lateral force was 0.5. With the hydraulic passive support system, the mirror surface deformation Root Mean Square (RMS) values from the gravity of the primary mirror are 37.8 nm and 82.9 nm respectively under horizontal and vertical states. After active correction, the mirror surface error RMS values are reduced to 12.0 nm and 9.8 nm accordingly. Analysis indicates that the mirror surface deformation of 4 m SiC lightweight primary mirror at different pitch angles is less than /30(=632.8 nm) and meets the requirements of surface errors.

As an important component of urban vegetation, street trees play an important role in maintenance of environmental quality, aesthetic beauty of urban landscape, and social service for inhabitants. Acquiring accurate and up-to-date inventory information for street trees is required for urban horticultural planning, and municipal urban forest management. This paper presents a new Voxel-based Marked Neighborhood Searching (VMNS) method for efficiently identifying street trees and deriving their morphological parameters from Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) point cloud data. The VMNS method consists of six technical components: voxelization, calculating values of voxels, searching and marking neighborhoods, extracting potential trees, deriving morphological parameters, and eliminating pole-like objects other than trees. The method is validated and evaluated through two case studies. The evaluation results show that the completeness and correctness of our method for street tree detection are over 98%. The derived morphological parameters, including tree height, crown diameter, diameter at breast height (DBH), and crown base height (CBH), are in a good agreement with the field measurements. Our method provides an effective tool for extracting various morphological parameters for individual street trees from MLS point cloud data.

To calibrate the test instrument of a Head-Mounted Display(HMD),a standard HMD optical system with a simple configuration and ascendant optical performance is proposed.In the limited space avoilable,the optical system is designed with only a spherical surface and an on-axial scheme to meet the requirements of low distortion and high resolution.By the symmetry principle of optical design,most aberrations of the standard HMD system can be corrected synthetically.The standard HMD system is used twice so that the system has a sharp exit pupil.The standard HMD system has a designed for a 0.5 inch Cathode Ray Tube(CRT) with a field of view 30° and an exit pupil distance of 75 mm.The MTF at 30 lp/mm resolution across the entire field of view is more than 0.3,and the maximum distortion is less than 0.9%.The designed standard HMD has a simple layout and compact structure,and the obtained results confirm the feasibility of the new system.

To eliminate the scatter light and central ghost in a classical fundus camera,the optical system of a catadioptric fundus camera with a field of view 40° and a working distance of 48 mm was designed.An off-axial reflecting ophthalmic lens with free form surfaces was designed to correct the off-axial aberrations.Two free-form-surfaces were introduced in the imaging objective system to correct the residual off-axial aberrations of the reflective ophthalmic lens.In the optimization of the imaging system,an eye model with varying defocuses was proposed to eliminate the negative effect of eye aberrations as well as to accommodate the eye with different refractive errors.Three adjacent illumination rings were introduced in the illumination part to avoid the undesirable light reflected by the eye optical system.Experiments show that the accommodation range of the system is between-10 m-1 and 10 m-1,the resolution at the object plane is 33 lp/mm across the entire field of view,and the maximum distortion is less than 8.5%.Furthermore,the illumination non-uniformity is less than 15% in the conditions without scatter light and central ghost.The designed catadioptric fundus camera with a free-form-surfaces show a satisfactory large field of view and a large working distance,and removes the undesirable scatter light and central ghost greatly.

The polishing principle of Double-Swing Method(DSM) was introduced,the relative movement characteristic between polishing lap and workpiece was analyzed,and the influence of polishing parameters on the relative movement was discussed.A mathematical model of the DSM in a movement state was established and its movement was simulated in a programming language.Then,simulation effects under different parameters was compared.The shape model of the polishing lap was presented,and the material removal character of the polishing lap with diffident shapes was verified.Finally,a rectangle off-axis aspheric mirror in a size of 224 mm×108 mm was polished by the DSM.The experiment result shows that to manufacture the off-axis aspheric mirror by the DSM can control the middle-frequency error and can obtain high working efficiency,and the surface precision is about λ/30(rms,@633nm).Therefore,the DSM benefits the development of the manufacture technique for off-axis aspheric mirrors.

An in vitro study with degenerated human lumbar intervertebral disc specimens cultured under hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO).To observe the changes in interleukin (IL)-1β, prostaglandin (PG)-E2, nitric oxide (NO), cell growth, and apoptosis of the human nucleus pulposus cell (NPC) after HBO.Intervertebral disc degeneration has been demonstrated as related to IL-1β, PG-E2, NO, and O2 concentration but the actual mechanism is not clear. HBO also has also been reported in the literature to influence changes in IL-1β, prostaglandin E2, NO, and O2 concentration. However, the direct effect of HBO on the disc cells has not been previously reported.We collected 12 human lumbar degenerated disc specimens and evaluated the effects of HBO on the cultured NPCs. The amounts of IL-1β, PG-E2, and NO in the conditioned medium were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and high performance liquid chromatography. Cell growth was measured by increase in cell number. Cell viability and proteoglycan content were evaluated by histologic study using safranin O staining. In situ analysis of apoptosis was performed using Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining.Our data indicated that HBO treatment inhibited IL-1β, PG-E2, and NO production but increased cell number and matrix synthesis of cultured NPCs. TUNEL staining showed that HBO treatment suppressed the apoptosis of cultured NPCs.HBO provides a potential treatment modality for disc degeneration.

BACKGROUND Posterolateral spinal fusion is used to treat patients with degenerative spinal disorders. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)/hydroxyapatite/type I collagen hybrid graft for posterolateral spinal fusion in a rabbit model. METHODS In vitro study, the hybrid graft was cultured in complete or osteogenic medium for 7 days and 14 days and examined by scanning electron microscopy. The alkaline phosphatase activity of the MSCs was assessed and the expression of osteogenic gene was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In vivo investigation, spinal fusion was examined using radiography, manual palpation, computed tomography, torsional loading tests, and histologic analysis. Furthermore, using a PKH fluorescence labeling system, we examined whether the newly formed bone was derived from the transplanted MSCs. RESULTS Our data suggested that the MSCs differentiated into osteoblasts and produced extracellular matrix in the hybrid graft. Increased alkaline phosphatase activity was noted and mRNA of Cbfa-1 and osteopontin were detected. Radiographs and computed tomography images showed a continuous bone bridge and a satisfactory fusion mass incorporated into the transverse processes. The results of manual palpation and biomechanical data did not significantly differ between the two groups. Histologic examination of both groups revealed the presence of cartilage and endochondral ossification in the gaps between the grafted fragments. In situ tracing of the PKH 67-labeled MSCs indicated that the transplanted MSCs were partly responsible for the new bone formation. CONCLUSION The hybrid graft could be effectively used to achieve posterolateral spinal fusion.

Purpose Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy has been shown to enhance bone, muscle, skin, and wound healing, particularly in conditions of ischemia and low oxygen tension. Preliminary data show that HBO therapy may be beneficial in the treatment of muscle–tendon and ligament injury. However, the effects of HBO therapy on ligament healing have not been thoroughly investigated. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of HBO on the healing of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) by using biomechanical and histological analyses in a rabbit model. Methods We investigated the effects of intermittent HBO therapy on ligamentous healing in rabbits. Sixty-four male rabbits were divided into eight groups consisting of eight animals each. The experimental group (32 rabbits) was subjected to HBO at 2.5 atmospheres absolute for 2 hours per day, whereas the control group (32 rabbits) did not undergo HBO therapy. All animals underwent a standardized surgical severance of the right MCL, whereas the left MCL was not surgically lacerated. Rabbits from each group were euthanized at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively for biomechanical testing (six rabbits) and histological analysis (two rabbits). Results By using the intact left MCL as a control, the mean percentages of failure load calculated at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks in the HBO group were 20.6%, 49.1%, 63.9%, and 76.3%, respectively, whereas in the non-HBO group, the mean percentages of failure load at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks were 13.5%, 25.3%, 36.5%, and 57.3%, respectively. For all time intervals, the mean percent failure load of the severed MCLs from the HBO group was significantly higher than that from the non-HBO group. The mean percentages of regenerative collagen fibers in the HBO group at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks were 53.2%, 75%, 87.8%, and 95.1%, respectively, and 32.4%, 55.7%, 72.4%, and 82%, respectively, in the non-HBO group. For all time intervals, the HBO group showed a significantly higher amount of regenerative collagen fibers than the non-HBO group. Conclusion The present study results suggest that the healing of the MCL is enhanced by intermittent HBO therapy. HBO therapy may be useful in shortening the healing time of the injured ligaments.

Oxygen-free copper mirror is important in high-energy laser optical components,while playing a beam expander and refracting the optical path. The oxygen-free copper mirror hasn’t cooling system for fine crystal lattice within the material and without the phenomenon of oxygen. The material is high-purity electrolysis copper by medium-pressure forging, with more delicate lattice,without agglomeration, forming the oxygen-free copper mirror substrate. The internal stress is eliminated by stabilization treatment. It can meet the drawing requirement from mechanical processing. The oxygen-free copper mirror surface is detected using microscope. If there is no abnormal phenomenon, then turn into nickel plating. The grinding and polishing accord to the working procedure, and detected by the laser interferometer, so as to meet the technical requirements and achieve the targets of the oxygen-free copper mirror.

Optical tests for the off-axis aspherics in optical processing and optical assembling were researched and the effect of adjustment errors on the wavefront aberration was analyzed.By taking an off-axis aspherics with the radiu of 10 000 mm,quadratic surface coefficient of-1,diameter of 500 mm and the lateral displacement of 425 mm for an example,the physical model and mathematical model to describe the relationship between the adjustment parameters and the wavefront aberration were estabished.The adjustment parameters included the pitch and high-low errors,beat and off-axis distance errors,and the rotating parameters around the secondary optical axis.The matlab software was used to simulate the influence of the wavefront aberration on the adjustment errors.Then,the experiments were performed to examine the simulation results.It shows that the the simulation results are well concident with the experiment ones,which proves the theory model in correct.The obtained results are also suitable for the test and alignment of other off-axis aspherics.

The multi-mode combined polishing technology based on traditional polishing and numerical control polishing methods was introduced.The simulation of material removal rate,one of the key processes of the multi-mode combined polishing,was described in detail.By setting the factors of laps and workpieces,the model for material removal rates involves not only polishing modes and polishing velocity but also the influences of the lap shape,edge effect and surface error on material removal rates.Furthermore,it can choose the different simulation precisions depending on the manufacture process.The practical results show that the multi-mode combined polishing technique provides high polishing efficiency and suppresses and reduces the ripple efficiently.The precision of surface error of optical spheres and flats can reach 20 nm(rms) and those of the aspheres can be 30 nm to 40 nm(rms) so far.Obtained results indicate that the multi-mode combine polishing is a proper technology for the manufacture of large components.

Objective: To observe the implementation and effect of intensive community based sexually transmitted Disease (STD) intervention pilot in community. Methods: To adopt epidemiological experimental research method to establish the community experimental intervention group and the blank control group. To compare the intervention level and effect of venereal disease in each group after 1 years' work, and continue to follow up the pilot intervention group for next 2 years, and evaluated the pilot effect of intensive STD intervention. Results: During the first years of intervention, the two groups had no personnel changes, and there was no significant difference in the distribution of the two groups in the community population, the high-risk population and the vulnerable population (c2=1.864, P=0.172). In the first year, 1141 cases of sexually transmitted diseases were screened, including 748 cases of clinical diagnosis and treatment, and 1306 cases of symptomatic treatment, all of which were significantly higher than those of the control group (c2=11.92,211.3,73.64; P=0.001,0,0). In the intervention group of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Candida, trichomonas, bacterial vaginosis positive screening rate significantly higher than that in control group (c2=4.45134.85,48.7,17.08; P=0.035,0,0,0). Intervention group of mycoplasma infection, condyloma acuminatum, Candida, trichomonas, bacterial vaginosis of 3, diagnosis and treatment effect significantly higher than that in control group (c2=17.6,4.055136.8,48.7,17.08; P=0,0.44,0,0,0). Two groups of pubic lice and scabies screening positive rate and the curative effect was 100%, but the intervention group treatment 14 cases which were higher than the control group of 3 cases. The intervention group of urethral secretions and vaginal secretions of symptomatic management 3 days efficiency is higher than that of the control group (c2=86.377, 37.239; P=0, 0). The number of STD clinics and the growth rate of total out-patient in intervention group were also significantly higher than those in control group (c2=82.87, 7.44; P=0, 0.006). The STD screening, the average etiological treatment, and the average symptomatic management in the next two years was increased compared with the first year, and the differences were statistically significant (c2=49.619, 12.559, 107.437; P=0,0,0) Conclusion: The effect of intensive STD intervention is much better than the current STD intervention service. Intensive STD intervention has good sustainability and is suitable to be popularized in urban community health service.

We tested the hypothesis that the dose of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) required to induce spine fusion can be reduced by combination with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Twenty-four adult rabbits underwent posterolateral intertransverse fusion at the L4–L5 level. The animals were divided into four groups based on the implant material: autologous iliac graft, Alginate-MSCs composite, Alginate-BMP-2-MSCs composite, and Alginate-BMP-2 composite. After 16 weeks, the rabbits were euthanized for radiographic examination, manual palpation, biomechanical testing, and histology. Radiographic union of 12 intertransverse fusion areas for the autogenous iliac graft, Alginate-MSCs, Alginate-BMP-2-MSCs, and Alginate-BMP-2 groups was 11, 8, 11, and 0, respectively. Moreover, manual palpation of six fusion segments in each subgroup found solid union to be 6, 1, 5, and 0, respectively. The average torques at failure of the first three groups were 2278 ± 135, 1943 ± 140, and 2334 ± 187 N-mm, respectively. The failure torque did not differ significantly between the autograft and Alginate-BMP-2-MSCs groups; both groups were significantly higher than the Alginate-MSCs group. The results indicate that MSCs delivered with in vitro cellular doses of rhBMP-2 are more osteoinductive than MSCs without rhBMP-2. In combination with MSCs, a low dose (2.5 µg) of rh-BMP-2 could enhance bone formation and posterolateral spine fusion success in the rabbit model. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:380–384, 2009

Surface change of gallium nitride specimens after bombardment by highly charged Pbq+-ions (q = 25, 35) at room temperature is studied by means of atomic force microscopy. The experimental results reveal that the surface of GaN specimens is significantly etched and erased. An unambiguous step-up is observed. The erosion depth not only strongly depends on the charge state of ions, but also is related to the incident angle of Pbq+-ions and the ion dose. The erosion depth of the specimens in 60? incidence (tilted incidence) is significantly deeper than that of the normal incidence. The erosion behaviour of specimens has little dependence on the kinetic energy of ion (Ek = 360,700keV). On the other hand, surface roughness of the irradiated area is obviously decreased due to erosion compared with the un-irradiated area. A flat terrace is formed.

Despite moderate success in clinical applications, outcome of tendon grafts employed for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction remains unsatisfactory. This study investigated the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on neovascularization at the tendon-bone junction, collagen fibers of the tendon graft, and the tendon graft-bony interface incorporated into the osseous tunnel in rabbits. Forty rabbits were assigned to two groups. The HBO group was exposed to 100% oxygen at 2.5 atmospheres pressure for 2 h daily, 5 consecutive days in a week. The control group was maintained in cages exposed to normal air. Histological studies of 12 rabbits were performed postoperatively at 6, 12, and 18 weeks. Biomechanical studies of 24 rabbits were conducted postoperatively at 12 and 18 weeks. Electron microscopy (EM) analyses of four rabbits were performed postoperatively at 18 weeks. Experimental results demonstrated that a higher number of Sharpey's fibers bridged the newly formed fibrocartilage and graft in the HBO group than in the control group. In addition, HBO treatment increased neovascularization and enhanced the incorporation of the progressive interface between tendon graft and bone. Biomechanical analysis showed that the HBO group achieved higher maximal pullout strength than the control group. Examination by EM showed that HBO treatment resulted in regenerated collagen fibers with increased compaction and regularity. Based on experimental results, HBO treatment is a treatment modality that potentially improves outcome following ACL reconstruction.

This study utilizes ICESat Release 33 GLA14 data to analyse water level variation of Xinjiang’s lakes and reservoirs from 2003 to 2009. By using Landsat images, lakes and reservoirs with area larger than 1 km2 are numerically delineated with a software tool. Based on ICESat observations, we analyse the characteristics of water level variation in different geographic environments, as well as investigate the reasons for the variation. Results indicate that climatic warming contributes to rising water levels in lakes in mountainous areas, especially for lakes that are recharged by snow and glacial melting. For lakes in oases, the water levels are affected jointly by human activity and climate change, while the water levels of reservoirs are mainly affected by human activity. Comparing the annual average rates of water levels, those of lakes are higher than those of reservoirs in oasis areas. The main reasons for the decreasing water levels in desert regions are the reduction of recharged runoff and high evaporation. By analysing the variation of water levels and water volume in different geologic environments, it is found that water level and volume increased in mountainous regions, and decreased in oasis regions and desert regions. Finding also demonstrate that decreasing volume is greater than increasing volume, which results in decreasing total volume of Xinjiang lakes and reservoirs.

The authors investigated the poly-L-lysine-coated alginate beads as an antibiotic delivery system for the treatment of various surgical infections. The sodium alginate was mixed with vancomycin, coated with poly-L-lysine, and lyophilized to form five types of the biodegradable antibiotic beads. Type I, 2.5% alginate, nonpoly-L-lysine coated and nonlyophilized; Type II, 2.5% alginate, poly-L-lysine coated but nonlyophilized; Type III, 2.5% alginate, poly-L-lysine coated and lyophilized; Type IV, 5% alginate, poly-L-lysine coated and lyophilized; and Type V, 7.5% alginate, poly-L-lysine coated and lyophilized. Cytotoxicity of the alginate beads to fibroblasts and HeLa cells was evaluated by the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide] colorimetric assay. A study of in vitro elution of vancomycin of the alginate antibiotic beads was performed. The results suggested that the alginate antibiotic beads present no obvious toxic risk to their use as a drug delivery system. The concentration of vancomycin in these five types of beads was well above the breakpoint sensitivity concentration (the antibiotic concentration at the transition point between bacterial killing and resistance to the antibiotic) for 9,11,12, 14, and 17 days respectively. The release was most marked during the first 3 days. The duration of antibiotic release was prolonged by using techniques of poly-L-lysine coating, lyophilization, and by increasing the content of alginate. This study offers a biodegradable delivery system of antibiotics to treat various surgical infections.

Objective: We investigated the effect of intermittent cigarette smoke inhalation on the bone healing of tibial lengthening in rabbits. Methods: Twelve male rabbits were divided into two groups of six animals each. The first group underwent intermittent cigarette smoke inhalation, and the second group did not undergo intermittent cigarette smoke inhalation. Each animal's right tibia was lengthened 5 mm by using an uniplanar lengthening device. Bone mineral density (BMD) study was performed for all of the animals 1 day before operation and 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks after operation. All of the animals were killed 6 weeks postoperatively for biomechanical testing. Results: By using the preoperative BMD as an internal control, we found that the BMD of the smoke-inhalation group was decreased significantly compared with the non-smoke-inhalation group. The mean %BMD at 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks were 49.9%, 61.2%, 65.9%, and 71.0%, respectively, in the smoke-inhalation group, whereas the mean %BMD were 54.9%, 71.8%, 76.4%, and 82.0%, respectively, in the non-smoke-inhalation group (two-tailed t test, p > 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.01 and p < 0.01 at 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks, respectively). By using the contralateral nonoperated tibia as internal control, we found that torsional strength of the smoke-inhalation group was decreased significantly compared with the non-smoke-inhalation group. The mean percentage of maximal torque was 63.8% in the smoke-inhalation group, whereas the mean percentage of maximal torque was 77.1% in the non-smoke-inhalation group (two tailed t test, p < 0.01). Conclusion: This study suggests that cigarette smoking delays the mineralization during the bone healing process of distraction osteogenesis and, thus, decreases the mechanical strength of the regenerating bone.

Background Hyperbaric oxygenation was shown to increase bone healing in a rabbit model. However, little is known about the regulatory factors and molecular mechanism involved.We hypothesized that the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on bone formation is mediated via increases in the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) which are regulated by Wnt signaling. Methods The phenotypic characterization of the MSCs was analyzed by flow cytometric analysis. To investigate the effects of HBO on Wnt signaling and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, mRNA and protein levels of Wnt3a, beta-catenin, GSK-3beta, Runx 2, as well as alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, and the intensity of von Kossa staining were analyzed after HBO treatment. To investigate the effects of HBO on Wnt processing and secretion, the expression of Wntless and vacuolar ATPases were quantified after HBO treatment. Results Cells expressed MSC markers such as CD105, CD146, and STRO-1. The mRNA and protein levels of Wnt3a, β-catenin, and Runx 2 were up-regulated, while GSK-3β was down-regulated after HBO treatment. Western blot analysis showed an increased β-catenin translocation with a subsequent stimulation of the expression of target genes after HBO treatment. The above observation was confirmed by small interfering (si)RNA treatment. HBO significantly increased alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, and the intensity of von Kossa staining of osteogenically differentiated MSCs. We further showed that HBO treatment increased the expression of Wntless, a retromer trafficking protein, and vacuolar ATPases to stimulate Wnt processing and secretion, and the effect was confirmed by siRNA treatment. Conclusions HBO treatment increased osteogenic differentiation of MSCs via regulating Wnt processing, secretion, and signaling.

Study design An in vivo study was conducted to test the effect of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) on intervertebral disc degeneration in Sprague-Dawley rats. Objective To observe the changes in intervertebral disc height and levels of glycosaminoglycan, collagen, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in degenerated intervertebral discs after HBO therapy. Summary of background data Although the involvement of IL-1β, PGE-2, NO, and low O2 concentration has been demonstrated in intervertebral disc degeneration, the actual mechanism is not clear. It has been reported that HBO influences changes in IL-1β, PGE-2, NO, and O2 concentration. Previously, a study demonstrated an in vitro positive effect of HBO on the human nucleus pulposus. Thus, an in vivo study in animals was necessary. Methods Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats were each injected with chondroitinase ABC in 2 proximal intervertebral discs of the tail. After treating with 100% oxygen at 2.5 atmospheres 2 hours per days for 10 days, the change in disc height was determined by radiography. The amounts of PGE-2, iNOS, glycosaminoglycan, and total collagen in the intervertebral disc were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tissue morphology and the distribution of glycosaminoglycan, IL-1β, and iNOS in the intervertebral disc were assessed by histology and immunohistochemistry. The area of IL-1β in the intervertebral discs was quantified using image analysis software. Results HBO therapy stopped the decrease in intervertebral disc height, caused an increase in the amount of glycosaminoglycan, and inhibited IL-1β, PGE-2, and iNOS production. Conclusion HBO provides a potential treatment modality for intervertebral disc degeneration.

In order to meet the requirements of socialism market economy and private enterprise spanning development, Combining actuality of human resource plan of Chinese private enterprise, This paper respectively to medium and small private enterprise as the research object, discover the problems of human resource plan, analysis the key reason, further more construct human resource plan modeling of private enterprise based on spanning development strategic, probe into effective measure by which modeling can be put into practice successful, summarize method and stratagem of establishing practice and valid evaluation mechanism of enterprise human resource plan. Human resource plan must be a core guarantee for enterprise development, it can improve core competition of Chinese private enterprise on strategic level and offer power human resource for practice of spanning development stratagem.

The operation of uncoiling and feeding is implemented in the entry section of FFX(Flexible Forming Exact) product line. Tension control in practical steel pipe production is a time-varying and nonlinear system, which has variable parameters, variable load and strong disturbance. Based on fuzzy control algorithm and empirical rules, tension variation and its change rate are determined as input variables for the fuzzy controller of the tension control system. According to general steps and special requirements, the fuzzy controller is then constructed to realize adaptive adjustment control of the system. The simulation result shows that the fuzzy control algorithm can achieve better control effect. Finally, an experimental platform is set up to test the fuzzy control system. The result shows that the improved tension control system can satisfy the control requirements of rapidity, stability and accuracy.

The authors investigated poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) capsule and collagen composite system for antibiotics and bone cells delivery to treat infected bone defects. Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) was mixed with vancomycin and hot compressing molded to form an antibiotic capsule. Rabbit mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were entrapped in collagen gel phase and dispersed throughout the void volume of capsule. In vitro study, the composite systems were cultured in complete or osteogenic medium for 21 days. The profiles of vancomycin released from the systems were evaluated using the high-performance liquid chromatography method. Relative activity of vancomycin against Staphylococcus aureus was determined by an antibiotic disk diffusion method. The expression of osteogenic gene was determined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium level of the MSCs were assessed. Analytical results demonstrated that the concentrations of vancomycin eluted from the composite system were above the minimal inhibitory concentration for 21 days. Sample inhibition zone was 10 to 24 mm, and the relative activity was 17.6% to 100%. mRNA of Cbfa1 and osteocalcin were detected, and increased alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium levels were noted. In in vivo investigation, the PKH 26-labeled MSCs and composite systems were implanted in the distal femoral cavities of four rabbits. The local concentration of vancomycin was above the minimal inhibitory concentration for 56 days. Sample inhibition zone was 9 mm to 24 mm, and the relative activity was 11.8% to 100%. Implanted PKH 26-labeled MSCs were identified in the newly formed bony trabeculae in specimens at 2 and 4 months after implantation. The results offer a potential approach to meet clinical requirements in the treatment of infected bone defects.

Background Current treatments for osteochondral injuries often result in suboptimal healing. We hypothesized that the combination of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and fibrin would be superior to either method alone in treating full-thickness osteochondral defects. Methods Osteochondral repair was evaluated in 4 treatment groups (control, fibrin, HBO, and HBO+fibrin groups) at 2-12 weeks after surgical injury. Forty adult male New Zealand white rabbits underwent arthrotomy and osteochondral surgery on both knees. Two osteochondral defects were created in each femoral condyle, one in a weight-bearing area and the other in a non-weight-bearing area. An exogenous fibrin clot was placed in each defect in the right knee. Left knee defects were left empty. Half of the rabbits then underwent hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The defects in the 4 treatment groups were then examined histologically at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery. Results The HBO+fibrin group showed more rapid and more uniform repair than the control and fibrin only groups, but was not significantly different from the group receiving HBO alone. In the 2 HBO groups, organized repair and good integration with adjacent cartilage were seen at 8 weeks; complete regeneration was observed at 12 weeks. Conclusions HBO significantly accelerated the repair of osteochondral defects in this rabbit model; however, the addition of fibrin produced no further improvement.

In this paper, direct power control based on the virtual flux (VF-DPC) of the three-phase voltage-type PWM rectifier is presented and the formation mechanism of the switching table is analyzed. In Matlab / simulink environment the model of the VF-DPC system is established. The simulink results show that the system has good dynamic response and a good way to achieve active power and reactive power control, while ensuring the input side of the unity power factor control. Compared with the existing current control strategy, VF-DPC system without complicated algorithms and PWM modulation block can achieve higher power factor and low harmonic disturbance (THD).

The multi-project allocation with constrained resources problems is quite common in manufacturing industry. While relationship and data in enterprise has become complex and bulky along with the leaping development, this makes it far beyond the human experience to optimize the management. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is then introduced to optimize resources allocation to products. Due to the deficiency of PSO dealing with large scale network, Complex Network theory, good at statistics but not optimization, is firstly introduced to simulate and help analyze the Collaborative Manufacturing Resource network (CMRN) as a complementation. Finally, an optimization is successfully applied to the network with the results presented. Further, these methods could be used for similar researches which integrate PSO with complex network theory.

Based on the analysis of current research on manufacturing grid (MG), a model of complex network is firstly proposed to simulate dynamic movements of resource nodes in MG. Then based on Scale-free Network and collaboration networks, with the characteristics of production collaboration and the complexity of self-organized campaign in MG taken into account, a production-collaboration model of MG, MPC Model, is described in this article. Then the formula of the distribution is deduced with mean field theory. Finally, through computer simulation, the distribution of nodes in the model shows the characteristics of power-law tail, of which the attenuation index is consistent with the results of calculated studies under certain conditions.

Background: The role of vascularized periosteum flap as a graft and the factors stimulating it into osteogenic activity remain obscure. Few articles recognized its osteogenic process without the dependence of stress stimulation or bony contact. Methods: We analyzed the osteogenic capacity of the vascularized periosteum in an ectopic site via the method of histomorphologic assessment. Pedicled vascularized periosteum was taken from the proximal tibia in rabbits and transferred to the soft tissue pouch in the distal thigh. Specimen was harvested for osteogenesis assessment at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 16 weeks. Results: During macroscopic examination, all rabbits were dissected along the previous surgical wound in the distal femur. Dense osseous-like tissue was found in the prefabricated vascularized periosteum. The tissue sections showed red-mineralized matrix of Alizarin Red S staining increased neovascularization. Conclusions: The study results revealed the osteogenic capacity of prefabricating vascularized periosteum without the dependence of stress stimulation or its proximity to viable bone.

Posterolateral spinal fusion is used to treat patients with degenerative spinal disorders. We investigated the effectiveness of a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)/Pluronic F127/Interpore hybrid graft for spinal fusion in rabbits. Spinal fusion was examined using radiography, manual palpation, computed tomography (CT), torsional loading tests, and histological analysis. Using a PKH fluorescence labeling system, we also examined whether the newly formed bone was derived from the transplanted MSCs. We found that the MSCs adhered to the Interpore surface and within its pores, and differentiated into osteoblasts. Radiographs and CT images showed a continuous bone bridge and a satisfactory fusion mass incorporated into the transverse processes. The results of manual palpation and biomechanical data did not differ significantly from an autograft group. Histology from both groups revealed the presence of fibrous tissue, cartilage, and endochondral ossification in the gaps between the grafted fragments. In both groups, the degree of mature bone formation was greater at 12 weeks than at 6 weeks after grafting. Quantitative histomorphometry revealed no significant differences between the two groups at either time point. In situ tracing of the PKH 67-labeled MSCs indicated that the transplanted MSCs were partly responsible for the new bone formation in both the repaired transverse processes and the grafted fragments. Thus, the MSC/Pluronic F127/Interpore hybrid graft could be used effectively to achieve posterolateral spinal fusion.

DNA vaccines are a novel disease prevention methodology, however their safety has not been well described. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the DNA vaccine pVAX1-CpG-Loop against infectious canine hepatitis. We demonstrated that pVAX1-CpG-Loop could not be recovered from tissues of vaccinated mice nor from F1 progeny and following vaccination there were no apparent changes in hematologic markers compared to unvaccinated controls. Most important, vaccinated mice were protected from viral challenge. The only detectable effects of the vaccination were elevated AST levels 4 weeks post vaccination and liver lymphocyte infiltration and hydropic degeneration which normalized 6 months later.

A new high-voltage LDMOS with linearly-distanced fixed charge islands is proposed (LFI LDMOS). A lot of linearly-distanced fixed charge islands are introduced by implanting the Cs or I ion into the buried oxide layer and dynamic holes are attracted and accumulated, which is crucial to enhance the electric field of the buried oxide and the vertical breakdown voltage. The surface electric field is improved by increasing the distance between two adjacent fixed charge islands from source to drain, which lead to the higher concentration of the drift region and a lower on-resistance. The numerical results indicate that the breakdown voltage of 500 V with Ld = 45 μm is obtained in the proposed device in comparison to 209 V of conventional LDMOS, while maintaining low on-resistance.

Background: We investigated the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on the early phase of tibial lengthening in our established rabbit model. Methods: Twenty-four male rabbits (six per group) underwent right tibial lengthening by 5 mm. Group 1 then underwent 2.5 atmospheres of absolute hyperbaric oxygenation for 2 hours daily for 6 weeks postoperatively; group 2, for early 5 weeks (weeks 1–5), group 3, for late 5 weeks (weeks 2–6), and group 4 had no HBO therapy. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured before surgery and weekly thereafter from weeks 2 through 6. The mechanical strengths of the lengthened tibias were measured. Results: Significantly higher mean %BMDs were obtained for groups 1 and 2 than for groups 3 and 4. There was no difference in the mean %BMD between groups 1 and 2 (p > 0.05). The results were similar for mean percentage of maximal torque; group 1 had the maximum torque, followed sequentially by groups 2 though 4. Conclusion: The study results suggest that early and full-term administration of HBO therapy on tibial lengthening may achieve better benefits.

Background: An in vivo animal study and a prospective clinical study have indicated that bone marrow aspirate (BMA) augments spinal arthrodesis. However, there is no quantified data to explain why fusion rate can be augmented by BMA in lumbar posterolateral fusion. Methods: To analyze the proportion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and osteogenic factors in human BMA and peripheral blood (PB) of the same patient. Autologous BMA and PB from the patients were analyzed by flow cytometry (FACS) using cell markers for MSCs. The osteogenic potential of MSCs was determined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium level quantification. Proteomics were used for the qualitative and quantitative mapping of the whole proteome from BMA and PB plasma. The mass-to-charge ratio was calculated by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS). The overexpression of protein was confirmed using Western blot analysis. Results: The proportion of MSCs (CD34 � /CD29 + /CD105 + ) was higher in the BMA than that in the PB. Colony-forming cell (CFC) assays suggested that fewer colonies were formed in PB cultures than in BMA culture. There was no significant difference in the osteogenic potential of the MSCs between the PB and BMA. Proteomic mass spectrometry assays suggested that the levels of catalase (osteoclast inhibitor) and glutathione peroxidase 3 (osteogenic biomarker) were higher in the BMA than those in the PB, and this was confirmed by Western blot analysis. Conclusions: The proportions of MSCs and osteogenic factors were higher in the BMA than in the PB. This may explain why fusion rate can be augmented by BMA in lumbar posterolateral fusion.

We investigated whether -intermittent hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy can mitigate the adverse effects of cigarette smoking on the bone healing of tibial lengthening by using a previously validated rabbit model.Eighteen male rabbits were randomly divided into three groups of six animals each. Group 1 (smoking plus HBO) went through intermittent cigarette smoke inhalation and hyperbaric oxygen therapy, group 2 (control) did not go through intermittent cigarette smoke inhalation or hyperbaric oxygen therapy and group 3 (smoking) went through intermittent cigarette smoke inhalation. Each animal's right tibia was lengthened 5 mm by using an uniplanar lengthening device. Bone mineral density (BMD) study was performed for all the animals at 1 day before operation and 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks after operation. All of the animals were killed at 6 weeks postoperatively for biomechanical testing.By using the preoperative BMD as an internal control, we found that the BMD of group 1 (smoking plus HBO)and group 2 (control) was superior to that of group 3 (smoking). The mean %BMD at 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks were 58.6%, 66.6%, 73.7%, and 83.8%, respectively, in group 1, whereas the mean %BMD were 52.0%, 64.3%, 70.1%, and 76.2%, respectively, in group 2, and the mean %BMD were 46.2%, 54.0%, 64.9%, and 69.4%, respectively, in group 3 (two-tailed t test, p0.05, p0.05, p0.05, and p0.05 at 3, 4, 5, and 6 week respectively between group 1 and group 2, p0.01,p0.01,p0.01, and p0.01 at 3, 4, 5, and 6 week, respectively, between group 1 and group 3 and p0.05, p0.05, p0.05, and p0.05 at 3, 4, 5, and 6 week respectively between group 2 and group 3). By using the contralateral nonoperated tibia as an internal control, we found that the torsional strength of group 1 (smoking plus HBO) and group 2 (control) was superior to that of group 3 (smoking). The mean percentage of maximum torque was 80.9% in group 1 (smoking plus HBO) and was 78.0% in group 2 (control), whereas the mean percentage of maximum torque was 59.6 % in group 3 (smoking) (two-tailed t test, p0.05 between groups land 3 and between groups 2 and 3, whereas p0.05 between groups 1 and 2).This study suggests that smoke inhalation delays the bone healing in tibial lengthening; however, HBO mitigates the delayed healing effect of smoke inhalation and, thus, helps the smoking animal in achieving an expeditious bone healing in tibial lengthening.

Objective: The authors investigated the calcium alginate dressing as a drug-delivery system for the treatment of various surgical infections. Methods: Cytotoxicity of the calcium alginate dressing to fibroblasts and HeLa cells was evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay. The calcium alginate dressing was mixed with vancomycin, and lyophilized or not lyophilized to form two types of antibiotic dressings. The antibiotic dressings were placed in 2 mL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or in PBS containing 0.01% calcium ions, and incubated at 37°C. The PBS was changed daily, and the removed solutions were stored at - 70°C until the antibiotic concentration in each sample was determined by high performance liquid chromatography assay. Results: The results suggested that the antibiotic dressings present no obvious toxic risk to their use as a drug-delivery system. The concentration of vancomycin in each sample was well above the breakpoint sensitivity concentration (the antibiotic concentration at the transition point between bacterial killing and resistance to the antibiotic) for more than 14 days. The release was most marked during the first 48 hours. The concentration of calcium ions in PBS and the lyophilization of the manufacture process of antibiotic dressings prolonged the antibiotic diffusion duration. The diameter of the sample inhibition zone ranged from 10 to 11 mm, and the relative activity of vancomycin ranged from 62.88% to 92.18%. Conclusion: All antibiotic dressings released bactericidal concentrations of the antibiotics in vitro for the period of time needed to treat surgical infections. This study offers a convenient method to meet the specific antibiotic requirement for different patients.

We investigated the effect of intermittent hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on the bone healing of tibial lengthening in rabbits. Twelve male rabbits were divided into two groups of six animals each. The first group went through 2.5 atmospheres absolute of hyperbaric oxygenation for 2 hours daily, and the second group did not go through hyperbaric oxygenation. Each animal's right tibia was lengthened 5 mm using an uniplanar lengthening device. Bone mineral density (BMD) study was performed for all of the animals at 1 day before operation and at 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks after operation. All of the animals were killed at 6 weeks postoperatively for biomechanical testing. Using the preoperative BMD as an internal control, we found that the BMD of the HBO group was increased significantly compared with the non HBO group. The mean %BMD at 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks were 69.5%, 80.1%, 87.8%, and 96.9%, respectively, in HBO group, whereas the mean %BMD were 51.6%, 67.7%, 70.5%, and 79.2%, respectively, in non-HBO group (two tailed t test, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, and p < 0.01 at 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks, respectively). Using the contralateral nonoperated tibia as an internal control, we found that torsional strength of lengthened tibia of the HBO group was increased significantly compared with the non-HBO group. The mean percent of maximal torque was 88.6% in HBO group at 6 weeks, whereas the mean percent of maximal torque was 76.0% in non-HBO group (two-tailed t test, p < 0.01). The results of this study suggest that the bone healing of tibial lengthening is enhanced by intermittent hyperbaric oxygen therapy.