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O conhecimento do papel dos recursos naturais na garantia da qualidade de vida é de extrema importância para seu uso racional. Uma das formas de ampliar a discussão de valores relacionados à sustentabilidade e suas aplicações é permitir sua difusão no ambiente escolar. Neste trabalho foi avaliado como a temática recurso natural é tratado no ambiente escolar. Foram aplicados 321 questionários para alunos, professores e gestores escolares de nove escolas públicas estaduais de Campo Grande (MS). Foi observado que os alunos não demonstram conhecimento de forma satisfatória sobre recurso natural. Os professores de maneira geral não desenvolvem trabalhos ou atividades diferenciadas para tratar questões voltadas a temática de recurso natural. Quanto às práticas existentes de gestão do recurso natural no ambiente escolar, foram citadas a criação de hortas, separação do lixo e reciclagem. Dessa maneira, o tema recurso natural é pouco trabalhado nas escolas analisadas, o que desperta atenção, por se tratar de um tema de grande relevância social.

RESUMEN: En este artículo de investigación se realiza –en un primer momento– una descripción general sobre la educación jurídica y la tradición continental en la que se inscribe. Y en un segundo momento, se sustenta por qué el incluir la popularización del derecho en la formación de estudiantes, se configura en una alternativa que posibilitaría darle relevancia social a la educación jurídica. Se concluye que la popularización del derecho, posibilitaría la formación de un estudiante más reflexivo sobre su encargo social, al ser consciente del papel que el saber jurídico tiene en torno a la solución de problemas reales y sentidos de las comunidades. ABSTARCT: In this research paper it is made an overview of legal education and the continental tradition where you join first. In a second step, is based on what, include the popularization of law in the training of students; it is set in an alternative that would enable him to legal education social relevance. It is concluded that the popularization of law, would enable the formation of a more thoughtful student of its social mission, being aware of the role that the legal knowledge has about solving real problems and ways of communities. COL0006563

Este estudo trata da necessidade e da relevância social dos letramentos acadêmicos no Ensino Superior, objetivando promover uma discussão acerca de iniciativas de ensino e pesquisa, como práticas letradas, envolvendo línguas estrangeiras, com vistas à internacionalização. Trata-se de um dos princípios desta Universidade, conforme Plano de Desenvolvimento Institucional (PDI) proposto pela Universidade Estadual do Paraná, no Brasil. Quanto à metodologia, analisamos as produções de escrita e reescrita de professores em formação, de um curso de Letras (Português/Inglês), com foco no gênero de texto Abstract e seus elementos constitutivos tomando por base as capacidades de linguagem apresentadas pela Escola de Genebra. Os resultados apontam para avanços neste processo de estudo e de produção de texto pelos estudantes, visando a uma compreensão mais ampliada dos letramentos acadêmicos considerando-se aspectos relaciona-dos à internacionalização.

In the study of planning, the causal links between technological developments and the transformation of spatial and urban structures are of high social relevance. They have been increasingly examined since the late-twentieth century. However, scant attention has been paid to spatial interactions resulting from the digitalisation of all areas of life and work as well as the continuing advance of information and communication technologies. In short, there is a lack of verified studies and results regarding the effects of digitalisation on urban space. The urban function of retail can be used as an example to illustrate spatial changes promoted by technological developments, for two distribution channels that are moulded by digitalisation and are spatially relevant – physical retail and the growing field of e-commerce – are increasingly being intertwined. This paper presents the initial findings of an exploratory study into the spatial distribution patterns of selected developments in physical retail that are significantly influenced by digitalisation. Using a multi-stage methodology, more than 800 articles from online news portals pertaining to the year 2018 were analysed, categorised and evaluated with respect to spatial relevance, potential for spatial influence and the impact of digitalisation.

Central sensitisation syndrome includes disorders such as fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple chemical sensitivity, and electromagnetic sensitivity syndrome. These disorders have been acquiring both medical and social relevance due to the increase in prevalence, the absence of a curative treatment, the limitations they cause, and the high healthcare costs they involve. Furthermore, all of them share an unknown aetiology and the absence of objective parameters to establish their diagnosis and severity. Multiple methods and classifications have been proposed to graduate the disability of these patients, but currently none of them have obtained sufficient evidence.

Agricultural cooperatives’ economic performance and efficiency today have great economic and social relevance. Consistent with the recent literature, this article examines wine cooperatives and compares them with wine investor-owned firms, studying their innovation capabilities, Miles and Snow strategies, and performance. A survey was conducted in all the wineries in Spain, with 339 responses. The interactions between the independent variables and the dependent variable were analyzed using the logit regression model. The study points out that cooperatives do not have fewer innovation capabilities, nor are they more inefficient, than investor-owned firms, although the factors that modulate their economic performance are different. (JEL Classifications: L66, M10, P13, Q13)

Changes in land use and occupation in areas of environmental and social relevance require geographic science to integrate integrative analyzes of the landscape that emphasize the relationships between physical and biotic environment with anthropic activities. The objective of this article was to analyze the historical process of occupation and the changes of landscape structure from 1984 to 2015 in Parana Valley microregion considering the morphopedical compartments as units of landscape integrated analysis. The area stands out due to international environmental relevance pressured by the advance of the agricultural frontier directed from the south and the west. The methodology was based on temporal analysis of land use, evaluating the landscape structure using metrics and assessing the historical behavior of the occupation and environmental limitations in morphopedic compartments. The results indicate the presence of six compartments with process of fragmentation of remaining vegetation and exponential advance of agriculture in areas including fragile ones. Emphasis was placed on the anthropic occupation in CMP I and III and the indication of environmental conservation in the others. Keywords: Morphopedic compartments; Fragmentation, Landscape Metrics.

One of the main missions of higher education is to prepare the young (but not exclusively them) for future challenges. It not only has the potential to change individual lives but it can also make the social fabric more resilient and adaptive. However, presently this future is highly uncertain and fraught with risks. This radical uncertainty makes it difficult to identify future-proof knowledge, skills and capacities. Moreover, it also raises questions about the possible roles higher education should play in future societies. We argue that higher education should be an active agent in shaping future society. In order to fulfil its potential as such, this type of agency-orientation should transcend its core activities, like research and teaching, currently built into its institutional settings. This special issue highlights certain possible directions for change as far as HEIs are concerned. These future possibilities are in relation to learning, ethics, fairness, community involvement and the role of research at institutions which were formerly teaching-oriented. These can be seen as first steps towards understanding what organisational changes are needed for HEIs to maintain their social relevance and to actively shape their environment.

Perhaps because by the 2010s four in five people were using the Internet in many regions of the world, the digital divide appeared fixed. This book, however, is a reminder of the continued social relevance of inequalities in access to, use of, and outcomes of digital information and communication technologies – ‘the problem only starts when everybody has a computer, smartphone or Internet connection!’ (p. 47, emphasis in original). The Digital Divide is next in line in a series of impactful book-length treatments of the subject by Pippa Norris (2001), Mark Warschauer (2003), Jan Van Dijk (2005), and James Witte and Susan Mannon (2010). Van Dijk’s overarching, empirically well-founded diagnosis is that the digital divide reflects and often reinforces social inequality.

Computer Vision and Real-time image processing is the foundation of many intelligent technologies in the automotive industry. This paper provides an insight into the application of these two technologies in monitoring the level of attention of the drivers. A speed governor for the vehicle is also designed accordingly. A sequence of images of the driver is captured and the level of drowsiness is calculated in real-time by analyzing various facial landmarks. This is then used to assess and set the speed limit of the speed governor. A working prototype is designed and implemented and the results of experimental testing is also discussed in this paper. This work has high social relevance as it helps to significantly reduce the number of accidents on the road due to drowsy drivers.

This study examined whether interacting with a humanoid robot influences children’s gaze aversion, an effortless strategy that people commonly use to facilitate thinking when asked challenging questions. Following the intentional stance model, we hypothesized that interacting with agents perceived as having a mind would modulate the social relevance assigned by the children to their interlocutor. Accordingly, we expected to observe an increase in children’s gaze aversion rates when questioned by an interaction partner believed to have a mind, compared to interaction conditions in which the questioner was believed to be a machine. To test this hypothesis, we involved 94 children in two experiments. In Experiment 1, the children interacted either with a humanoid robot (Human–Robot; n = 22) or with a human (Human–Human; n = 22) questioner. In Experiment 2, all the children interacted with a humanoid robot: one group was told the robot was controlled by a human (Avatar; n = 25), while the other group was told the robot was controlled by a computer algorithm (Machine; n = 25). Our results show that: (1) adopting an intentional stance (Human–Human; Avatar) increases gaze aversion rates; (2) gaze aversion increases and (3) response accuracy decreases as a function of question difficulty; (4) accuracy does not differ between interaction conditions. Based on these findings, we propose that gaze aversion rates might be considered an objective behavioural indicator of mind perception. Implications for robot-mediated education are also discussed.

The link between transparency and accountability is an often discussed feature of good governance. Despite a great deal of attention, this relationship remains poorly understood. We argue that the adoption of a behavioral lens to evaluate the impact of transparency on accountability offers new opportunities to discover novel mechanisms that contribute to a more systematic understanding of when and why increasing government transparency enhances accountability. Shedding light on such mechanisms not only promises to improve existing theory, but to also render transparency more meaningful to the applied world. To make this argument, we highlight findings from four articles that form the basis of this symposium issue and discuss avenues for further research.

This chapter reflects on the use of music to offer children and young people opportunities for effective social and cultural integration into their communities. Throughout the text we will discuss the aims and challenges of community music today and we will also explore different programs to review their power for social and personal transformation, highlighting the possibilities of art and music making for social transformation beyond the classroom. We will discuss some examples in which music education has been used as a service for the community. Finally, the text gives voice to two ongoing research projects funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain. They are social projects with artistic aims and pedagogical nature that are currently being developed in two Spanish autonomous communities. By exploring these projects the chapter concludes reinforcing that some experiences with art, through creative processes of active participation, are capable of contributing to the construction of a social fabric that reinforces the neighborhood, the educational and cultural contexts, while at the same time consolidates music and art didactics adapted to current social challenges.

Computational prediction of progressive micro-cracking, observed namely in brittle and quasi-brittle materials, resulting in their softening behaviour, needs some regularization approach. Its social relevance increases with the massive application of steel fibre-reinforced concrete and similar composites in buildings and engineering structures. However, most approaches contain ad hoc computational procedures and tricks, without a proper mathematical existence and convergence analysis for the time development of damage. This paper demonstrates the possibility of such analysis, at least for a simplified model problem of structural dynamics, with numerous references to available generalizations and some application examples.

Background Health-related Quality of Life (HrQoL) is a multidimensional measure, which has gained clinical and social relevance. Implementation of a patient-centred approach to both clinical research and care settings, has increased the recognition of patient and/or observer reported outcome measures (PROMs or ObsROMs) as informative and reliable tools for HrQoL assessment. Inherited Metabolic Diseases (IMDs) are a group of heterogeneous conditions with phenotypes ranging from mild to severe and mostly lacking effective therapies. Consequently, HrQoL evaluation is particularly relevant. Objectives We aimed to: (1) identify patient and/or caregiver-reported HrQoL instruments used among IMDs; (2) identify the main results of the application of each HrQoL tool and (3) evaluate the main limitations of HrQoL instruments and study design/methodology in IMDs. Methods A scoping review was conducted using methods outlined by Arksey and O’Malley. Additionally, we critically analysed each article to identify the HrQoL study drawbacks. Results Of the 1954 studies identified, 131 addressed HrQoL of IMDs patients using PROMs and/or ObsROMs, both in observational or interventional studies. In total, we identified 32 HrQoL instruments destined to self- or proxy-completion; only 2% were disease-specific. Multiple tools (both generic and disease-specific) proved to be responsive to changes in HrQoL; the SF-36 and PedsQL questionnaires were the most frequently used in the adult and pediatric populations, respectively. Furthermore, proxy data often demonstrated to be a reliable approach complementing self-reported HrQoL scores. Nevertheless, numerous limitations were identified especially due to the rarity of these conditions. Conclusions HrQoL is still not frequently assessed in IMDs. However, our results show successful examples of the use of patient-reported HrQoL instruments in this field. The importance of HrQoL measurement for clinical research and therapy development, incites to further research in HrQoL PROMs’ and ObsROMs’ creation and validation in IMDs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13023-018-0953-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

BACKGROUND The vagina and endometrium show varying thickness in response to sex steroids. The vaginal wall layers have oestrogen receptors. This study uses technique described by Balica A. et al. The aim is to compute the two parameters, VMT and VWT in different age groups using transabdominal ultrasonography. Oestrogen regulates growth and function of the vaginal layers, demonstrated in laboratory animal studies. Only few articles describe these parameters. The aim of the study is to compute the two parameters, VMT and VWT using transabdominal Ultrasonography in pubertal, reproductive age group and perimenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Transabdominal Ultrasonography was done in 200 patients over four months study period. Total Vaginal Wall Thickness (VWT) and Vaginal Mucosal Thickness (VMT) were measured. RESULTS Of 200 subjects, 14% were in pubertal age group. 58% patients were of the reproductive middle age group (19-45 years) and 28% were of the perimenopausal group (>45 years). Average total VMT measured 0.1024cm for the pubertal group, 0.2991cm for the reproductive group and 0.1205 cm in perimenopausal group, while VWT measures 0.6555 cm, 1.2814 cm and 0.7098 cm for the above groups respectively. CONCLUSION Study showed maximum vaginal wall parameters in adult reproductive age group and minimum values in perimenopausal age group. The sexually active group showed highest parameters. Thus, it is imperative to establish standard values based on the sexual activity, and thus, help in medico-legal evaluation of sexually traumatised females.

In response to concerns regarding the social relevance of North American archaeology, it has been suggested that the tenets of ‘activist scholarship’ can provide a framework for a more publically engaged archaeological discipline. Maps have long been employed in the public dissemination of archaeological research results, but they can also play a role in enhancing public participation in heritage management initiatives. This article outlines how the goals of activist archaeology can be achieved through the mobilization of qualitative Geographic Information Systems practices, with an example of how ‘grounded visualization’ methods were employed in assessing the vulnerability of Inuvialuit cultural landscapes to the impacts of modern climate change.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar como está a qualidade de vida no trabalho dentro do ramo da hotelaria na cidade de Foz do Iguaçu, PR. A cidade de Foz do Iguaçu, por estar localizada em uma região de tríplice fronteira, tem sua economia baseada e dependente do Turismo. Por esse motivo esse trabalho justifica-se, pois são esses hotéis que são responsáveis pela satisfação e a imagem que o turista leva da cidade. Foi realizada pesquisa quantitativa onde a técnica de coleta de dados foi questionário para hotéis de categorias Superior e Luxo, segundo a pesquisa da prefeitura Municipal, contabilizando 45 estabelecimentos pesquisados. Como resultados, pode-se observar que os hotéis implementam ações de Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho, mas, em sua maioria, implementam o que é obrigatório por lei, ou que não envolva investimentos financeiros. O trabalho foi baseado na teoria de Walton de QVT, sendo analisado quais fatores estabelecidos na teoria são colocados em prática pelas redes hoteleiras. Na análise realizada, o fator de Integração Social na Empresa foi aquele identificado como os hotéis que mais implementam ações de QVT, assim como o fator Relevância Social da Vida no Trabalho foi o identificado com menos ações implementadas pelos hotéis pesquisados. Nesse setor, há muito a ser melhorado, várias ações de Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho que já deveriam estar implementadas, não foram efetivadas, faltando consciência de que um colaborador satisfeito em seu local de trabalho realiza seu trabalho de forma satisfatória.

Higher education is facing increasing expectations on accountability, better quality, outcomes and social relevance. Recruitment of academic staff is often considered the single most important comp...

As micro e pequenas empresas (MPEs) representam quase 30% do PIB brasileiro, além de empregarem formalmente 44% da mão de obra nacional. Assim sendo, a preocupação com a performance das micro e pequenas empresas (MPEs) ganha destacada relevância social. Neste cenário, é fundamental entender como se podem formar vantagens competitivas sustentáveis (VCS) que sejam Valiosas, Raras, de difícil Imitação e de domínio da Organização (VRIO). Nesta perspectiva o trabalho partiu de uma revisão sobre os conceitos de vantagem competitiva sustentável, a Visão Baseada em Recursos (VBR) e seu conceito VRIO e da Resource Advantage Theory (R-A theory) de Shelby Hunt (1996), uma teoria que integra estratégia de negócios e de marketing. O trabalho procurou operacionalizar um modelo composto inicialmente por dezoito hipóteses, à cerca de como o conhecimento em gestão impacta na performance das MPEs. Após pesquisa quantitativa, baseada na percepção de empresários, concluiu-se que conhecimento em gestão, como um recurso da empresa, conduz à performance superior das MPEs, mas não necessariamente por meio de vantagens competitivas sustentáveis. O alto grau de Imitabilidade, entre as MPEs, surge como um fator que impacta na performance. O estudo contribui ao propor uma forma de operacionalizar a abordagem R-A theory e a VRIO de forma a analisar o impacto dos recursos sobre a performance da empresa. O estudo apresentou evidências favoráveis às proposições gerais do modelo, reforçando a importância do conhecimento em gestão como um dos recursos essenciais à construção de vantagens competitivas.

Purpose This paper aims to analyze the role of a knowledge-based network (k-network) in the intellectual capital (IC) and organizational performance of Brazilian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Design/methodology/approach This paper presents a descriptive, qualitative and applied case study, developed taking into account the theories of strategy, IC, networks and finance to analyze the relationship between k-network and the generation of IC and organizational performance in a multifocal perspective (observed in terms of financial and marketing results, efficiency and efficacy and innovation and competitiveness) in Brazilian SMEs. Findings The findings showed that k-network plays a crucial role in the generation of the IC and improvements in organizational performance in SMEs. In addition, the results revealed the strategic relevance of the relationship between people and enterprises to master the process of creation and sharing information and knowledge in the analyzed network. Taken as a whole, the conclusions demonstrated the establishment of IC (in its three dimensions) as a consequence of the strategic association of SMEs in k-network, as well as the mediation role of IC as a way to promote improvements in organizational performance, considering the observed amelioration in financial results, marketing growth, efficiency, efficacy, innovation and competitiveness. Research limitations/implications This research provides theoretical contributions by broadening knowledge of the practical relationship between k-network, IC and the multifocal perspective of SMEs organizational performance – a relevant and underexplored issue in the literature, offering several avenues for future research. Practical implications The results highlight the economic, political and social relevance of SMEs and the strategic use of k-network to overcome SMEs organizational, financial and managerial difficulties. In such context, analysts, managers, businesspeople and other decision-makers are expected to use this type of network to improve the IC, in its human, relational and structural dimensions, mastering companies’ knowledge and sustainable organizational performance. Originality/value The paper fills a significant research gap, revealing how k-networks can and should be used as a deliberate strategy by SMEs to create, acquire, use, absorb and share information and knowledge, as well as to generate IC, thus providing organizational, financial, innovative and competitive benefits to these enterprises and their network.

In this article I critically discuss Professor Oladele Abiodun Balogun’s reflections on the proper final ends of doing philosophy and related sorts of abstract, speculative, or theoretical inquiry. Professor Balogun appears to argue that one should undertake philosophical studies only insofar as they are likely to make a practical difference to people’s lives, particularly by contributing to politico-economic development, or, in other words, that one should eschew seeking knowledge for its own sake. However, there is one line of thought from Professor Balogun, about philosophy being able to make life meaningful, that I argue ultimately––perhaps contrary to his intentions–– entails that it can be appropriate to some degree to pursue philosophy that is unlikely to ameliorate poverty and similar social ills. My central aims in this article are to identify Professor Balogun’s strongest argument against pursuing any knowledge for its own sake and to argue that an appeal to meaningfulness constitutes a strong, competing reason to seek out some of it.Keywords: Development, Higher Education, Knowledge for Its Own Sake, Meaning of Life, Meta-philosophy, Poverty, Social Relevance

Developments in the field of information technology are opening ways to automate many real-life applications by analyzing and solving the problems in more effective way. These real-life applications often required to explore/analyze huge demographic data of social relevance, viz. demographic details of population, crime, education, disease, etc. Many times, highly sensitive demographic areas/data are needed for various decision-making processes in the geo-located based activities. Identification of hotspot is one of such problems, where the highly concentrated regions (for different activities in the demographic area) are needed to be identified. Recently researchers have come out with their proposals to find out many types of hotspots, viz. circular shaped, ring shaped, etc. for various spatial data. In this paper, we propose differential evolution based approach to find out circular and cylindrical shaped hotspots for spatial and spatio-temporal data respectively. We modified the differential evolution approach to propose our method and find out the hotspot over the crime, employment, and literacy records of India from 2001 to 2012.

Entertainment and the process of reading are two spheres of human activity which have kept Professor Harding's interest for more than forty years. Time and again he would focus his attention on them: studying the nature of these activities, their relation to other human activities, their impact upon the individual and their role in society as a whole, and examining individual features of the reading process, analysing various misconceived notions about the nature and position of these activities in human life and investigating the possibilities of improving the capacity to respond to art at a more practiced level. In this way - approaching the problems of entertainment and reader response from different points of view and elaborating various details and aspects over several decades - his sustained efforts to penetrate into these activities have resul.ted in an important body of knowledge encompassing a far-reaching concept of entertainment and of reading built upon a well-balanced account of them as integral human activities, and of their wider social relevance.

The article reveals medical and social relevance of extreme familial hypercholesterolemia. It presents the main principles, innovative technologies and an algorithm of diagnosis, diagnostic verification, risk stratification of patients and optimization of the use of aggressive combined cholesterol-lowering drug treatment and precision of indications for plasma exchange and the lack of options.

RESUMEN: Introducción: La Universidad de Antioquia desarrolla, en el Urabá antioqueño, el programa de Tecnología en Regencia de Farmacia (TRF), orientado a formar en promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad. Objetivo: Caracterizar la pertinencia social y laboral del programa de TRF en la región de Urabá, y su efecto en la promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte trasversal, en el cual se diseñaron cuatro instrumentos, orientados a egresados, empleadores, establecimientos y comunidad de la región, para ser aplicados por estudiantes del programa en la región, durante un periodo de seis meses. Resultados: De 52 egresados encuestados, 51 eran de la región, y 48 de ellos estaban laborando, 42 en la región. Los empleadores valoraron los aportes del TRF, como bueno y excelente, en un 69.6%, 78.2% y 78.3%, para los desempeños institucional, procesos administrativos y asistenciales, respectivamente. En cuanto a la comunidad, 212 de los 369 encuestados, identificaron la existencia del TRF en farmacias/droguerías y esperan que le brinde información sobre el uso de los medicamentos. La pertinencia social fue valorada como pertinente y muy pertinente, en un 77.4%, resultado que fue similar para la pertinencia laboral. Conclusiones: El estudio identifica un alto de grado de satisfacción con las funciones del TRF en los servicios farmacéuticos y de aceptación e identificación del TRF por la comunidad. El programa de TRF es pertinente en la región, sus egresados están ubicados en la región, desempeñando funciones acordes con su formación. ABSTRACT: Introduction: University of Antioquia develops, in the Urabá region of Antioquia (Colombia), the program of Technology in Regency of Pharmacy (TRP), aimed at training in health promotion and disease prevention. Objective: To characterize the social relevance of the TRP program in the Urabá region, and its effect in health promotion and disease prevention. Materials and methods: cross-sectional study with descriptive metodology, in which four instruments were designed and aimed at graduates, employers, institutions and community in the region, to be applied by the students of the program in the region, for a period of six months. Results: Of 52 graduates surveyed, 51 were graduates of the region, and 48 of them were working, 42 in the region. Employers valued the contributions of the TRP, as good and excellent, in a 69.6%, 78.2% and 78.3%, for institutional performance, administrative and welfare, respectively. Related to the community, 212 of the 369 respondents identified the existence of the TRP in pharmacies/drugstores and they expected that she/he would give you information about the use of drugs. The social relevance was assessed as relevant and very relevant, in a 77.4%, a result that was similar to the relevance related to work. Conclusions: The study identifies a high degree of satisfaction with the functions of the TRP in pharmaceutical services and acceptance and identification of the TRF for the community. The TRP program is relevant in the region; its graduates are working in the region, performing duties commensurate with their training. COL0135121 COL0074661

Although holistic processing has been documented extensively for upright faces, it is unclear whether it occurs for other visual categories with more extensive substructure, such as body postures. Like faces, body postures have high social relevance, but they differ in having fine-grain organization not only of basic parts (e.g., arm) but also subparts (e.g., elbow, wrist, hand). To compare holistic processing for whole bodies and body parts, we employed a novel stereoscopic depth manipulation that creates either the percept of a whole body occluded by a set of bars, or of segments of a body floating in front of a background. Despite sharing low-level visual properties, only the stimulus perceived as being behind bars should be holistically "filled in" via amodal completion. In two experiments, we tested for better identification of individual body parts within the context of a body versus in isolation. Consistent with previous findings, recognition of body parts was better in the context of a whole body when the body was amodally completed behind occluders. However, when the same bodies were perceived as floating in strips, performance was significantly worse, and not significantly different, from that for amodally completed parts, supporting holistic processing of body postures. Intriguingly, performance was worst for parts in the frontal depth condition, suggesting that these effects may extend from gross body organization to a more local level. These results provide suggestive evidence that holistic representations may not be "all-or-none," but rather also operate on body regions of more limited spatial extent.

The foundational publications on inquiry-based learning (inter alia, Huber 2009) demonstrate that there is a clear overlap between the emancipatory objectives of the higher education didactic principle, which has been discussed since the 1970s, and educational concepts in the fine arts: Students' self-responsibility and independence regarding their methods and topics, practice and experience as a productive aspect or the necessity that the activity have social relevance are some of the aspects that both educational concepts have in common. The objective of engaging in a process of constantly questioning any existing statement with inquiry-based learning can also be associated with concepts that have been valid in the arts since the 1960s., + ID: 578151 + PeerReviewed

This Research Full Paper explores how undergraduate students understood the social relevance of their engineering course content knowledge and drew (or failed to draw) larger social and ethical implications from that knowledge. Based on a qualitative case study conducted in a junior level engineering class, we found that the majority of students had difficulty perceiving the social and ethical aspects of engineering as important or appropriate topics in an engineering course. Many students only considered the immediate technical usability of or improved efficiency from technical innovations as the primary social and ethical implications of engineering. This study investigates a potentially critical flaw in the structure of engineering programs, highlighting the limitations that accompany a discipline-specific academic focus. Highly structured programs leave little room for engineering students to interact with other students/programs on campus, and limit opportunities to engage in meaningful interdisciplinary discourses and expand their perspective.

The alleged benefits of community participation in cultural resource management has been an article of faith in the international heritage community since the early 1990s, yet the ambiguous and multi-layered concept of community is commonly deployed uncritically. This chapter argues that “community” should be seen as an open-ended, never complete process rather than end-product. It suggests that heritage practitioners inevitably contribute to the creation of a sense of community at scales ranging from the local to the national. The projection of community identities can enhance or undermine social cohesion at and across geographic scales and the chapter argues that heritage practitioners need to work with a nuanced understanding of their role in the creation of community identities. The link between heritage values and community formation remains powerful but the power needs to be unleashed with due diligence.

Biomedical electronics is a relevant subject within biomedical studies due to its industrial and social relevance. This paper details an inter-disciplinary approach followed in the Electronic Engineering and Biomedical Engineering Masters of the University of Zaragoza. This subject uses electroporation as a representative example to propose a multi-disciplinary approach that includes basic medical aspects, electromagnetic simulation, power electronics, electroporation experimentation and clinical experiences.

We present studies using the 2013 log files from the German version of Wiktionary. We investigate several lexicographically relevant variables and their effect on look-up frequency: Corpus frequency of the headword seems to have a strong effect on the number of visits to a Wiktionary entry. We then consider the question of whether polysemic words are looked up more often than monosemic ones. Here, we also have to take into account that polysemic words are more frequent in most languages. Finally, we present a technique to investigate the time-course of look-up behaviour for specific entries. We exemplify the method by investigating influences of (temporary) social relevance of specific headwords.

Entrepreneurship has become an international interest of students. The economic and social relevance of entrepreneurship is established across the world and many offerings are available by the universities. This has resulted into an increased focus of university teachers on entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial activities. The purpose of this paper is to study and evaluate the impact of entrepreneurship education on attitude of students to become an entrepreneur. Relationship between the education and student in development of entrepreneurial attitude is proposed.Review of the literature also shows the importance of entrepreneurship education in development of entrepreneurial attitude. This study was carried out in universities of Pakistan and data was collected from 10 different universities in which entrepreneurship is available as a course or discipline. Sample of 329 students was collected and statistical tests were used to evaluate the relationship. It is found that a strong relationship and positive correlation exist between attitude towards entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education.

En enero de 1984, en el municipio de Cascavel, situado en la región más occidental del estado de Paraná (Brasil), se constituyó formalmente el Movimiento de los trabajadores rurales Sin Tierra, el MST. Su relevancia geográfica, histórica, económica y social queda cristalizada en su dinámica de territorialización, protagonizada por los asentamientos de reforma agraria, las cooperativas de producción y comercialización, y sus agroindustrias, así como por sus escuelas de formación. Se potencia con todo ello la defensa y viabilidad de una agricultura familiar y campesina, asentada en la práctica de la agroecología. El devenir de este proceso conforma un fenómeno geográfico de extraordinaria magnitud hacia la producción de una alternativa social y espacial. In January 1984, in the town of Cascavel, located in the westernmost region of the state of Paraná (Brazil), the Brazilian Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST) was formally established. Its geographical, historical, economic and social relevance is crystallized in its territorial dynamics, led by the agrarian reform settlements, cooperative production and marketing, and agribusiness, as well as its training schools. It is enhanced by all the defense and viability of family and peasant agriculture, based on the practice of agro ecology. The evolution of this process forms a geographical phenomenon of extraordinary magnitude towards the production of a social and spatial alternative. Este artículo ha sido realizado gracias a una Beca de Personal Investigador de carácter pre-doctoral concedida por la Consellería d’Educació de la Generalitat Valenciana, resolución del 27 de marzo de 2009 (BFPI2009/180).

Films set during or immediately after the Spanish Civil War have a long tradition in Spain, one which spans the entire spectrum of filmic genres, from propaganda to musicals to art-house. This genre has not abated since the turn of the century, it has become increasingly ubiquitous and since the late 1990s, undeniably ‘middlebrow’. Yet this prolific genre, on the whole, is largely snubbed by films critics and academic researchers alike. The old adage of ‘oh not another civil war film’ remains widely recurrent in the press, but the fact that many, if not all, of these productions deal with narrative tropes that are of profound social relevance warrants further investigation. By analysing the primacy of emotion and affect in two films, Blind Sunflowers (Los Girasoles Ciegos, 2009) and The Sleeping Voice (La voz dormida, 2011), this article argues that civil war films constitute a sub-genre of the Spanish middlebrow which is exceptionally, yet controversially, well-suited to the exploration of socially and culturally traumatic themes.

Eye gaze is a powerful cue that indicates where another person’s attention is directed in the environment. Seeing another person’s eye gaze shift spontaneously and reflexively elicits a shift of one’s own attention to the same region in space. Here, we investigated whether reallocation of attention in the direction of eye gaze is modulated by personal familiarity with faces. On the one hand, the eye gaze of a close friend should be more effective in redirecting our attention as compared to the eye gaze of a stranger. On the other hand, the social relevance of a familiar face might itself hold attention and, thereby, slow lateral shifts of attention. To distinguish between these possibilities, we measured the efficacy of the eye gaze of personally familiar and unfamiliar faces as directional attention cues using adapted versions of the Posner paradigm with saccadic and manual responses. We found that attention shifts were slower when elicited by a perceived change in the eye gaze of a familiar individual as compared to attention shifts elicited by unfamiliar faces at short latencies (100 ms). We also measured simple detection of change in direction of gaze in personally familiar and unfamiliar faces to test whether slower attention shifts were due to slower detection. Participants detected changes in eye gaze faster for familiar faces than for unfamiliar faces. Our results suggest that personally familiar faces briefly hold attention due to their social relevance, thereby slowing shifts of attention, even though the direction of eye movements are detected faster in familiar faces.

Nowadays, hospital physical asset management is gaining importance due to the size of its buildings, social relevance, operational and maintenance costs. The purpose of this document is to identify the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and categorize them into specific aspects of measurement of infrastructure performance. The lack of an adequate classification of performance indicators prevents the widespread use of performance measures for Facility Management (FM) in the health sector.This article shows a brief review of the state of art of FM KPIs based on a bibliographic search, taking into account international authors and reviewing their approaches and categorizations. The authors of this paper present a summary of the categorization and approach of hospital infrastructure management based on the documents examined, which may offer a more practical use for FM professionals in the healthcare sector. Facility Managers have to tackle too much data, which hinders to carry out a deeper analysis of the key performance indicators in future researches, attempting to generate indicators that match with the organization objectives and that lead to a more intelligent and efficient health infrastructure management.

This paper discusses the development trends of Nepalese Geography and presents the status of geography teaching and research activities at university level. Facts and figures, used for discussion were assembled from the review of available geographic literature. Findings of the paper clearly indicate that there is an urgent need to redefine its directive principles in its research goals, teaching styles and social relevance. The author opines that Nepalese Geographers have to disseminate and recreate the existing knowledge of geographical science and adopt micro approach for the application of our integrated knowledge to the promotion of human welfare.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ttp.v13i0.11545The Third PoleVol. 13, 2013page : 39-45

In trying to grow the customer base of the football game, recent studies have argued that relevant key actors in the European football industry such as football governing bodies and professional clubs must attend to the needs of all their supporters as well as consider the economic and social relevance of older supporters and those with disabilities, described as the ‘new’ generation of sport customers. Through analysis of major trends in legislation, demography, consumer expenditures and sport and leisure interests over time, coupled with a series of interviews with representatives of three of the main football leagues in Europe, this article contends that these two growing segments of sport consumers should be valued as important stakeholders, with enhanced access to all types of services, goods and experiences, not only considered a legal and moral imperative but one which also makes good business sense. To attend to the needs of these two groups of supporters will not only create managerial challenges...

A descentralização política e administrativa, ocorrida na década de 1990, associada à eminência da abordagem territorial, modificaram as condições de execução de políticas públicas, como o PNAE. Nos anos 2000, com a incorporação dos agricultores familiares como fornecedores da alimentação escolar, esse programa ganhou maior relevância social. Buscando apresentar a operacionalização do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE), nos municípios de Dracena e Regente Feijó, localizados no Estado de São Paulo, foram adotados como procedimentos metodológicos revisão da literatura em fontes bibliográficas, realização de entrevistas com os atores sociais, formadores do arranjo institucional, necessário para o funcionamento do PNAE, e aplicação de questionários com os agricultores familiares participantes do programa. Em Dracena e Regente Feijó, ocorre a participação do Setor da Alimentação Escolar e dos agrônomos pertencentes às Casas de Agricultura para o desenvolvimento do programa e a inserção da agricultura familiar. Contudo, a atuação do Conselho de Alimentação Escolar (CAE), não ocorre da mesma forma. Em Dracena, ele é mais atuante que o de Regente Feijó, assim como a participação dos produtores rurais no primeiro município através de uma cooperativa permite a inserção dos agricultores familiares em outras políticas públicas, situação que não ocorre no município de Regente Feijó, pois os produtores participam do PNAE por meio de um grupo informal, tendo neste programa a única alternativa de comercialização de seus produtos.

Robert L. Ivie, “The Social Relevance of Rhetorical Scholarship,” Quarterly Journal of Speech 81, no. 2 (1995)I doubt any rhetorical critic would consider what they do socially irrelevant; we see o...

The nature and purpose of academic and industrial research has slowly been changing during the past decades. Academic research, in particular of the applied nature, is more frequently done in collaboration with industrial partners and attracts funding from industry or private foundations that support research. Even public funding agencies increasingly require scientists to justify their work by explicitly asking them to clarify potential social relevance. Industrial research and development (R&D) not only needs to come up with sophisticated and competitive new products and services but also has to demonstrate social or environmental responsibility to contribute to a more positive corporate image

Given the diffusion of the Social Web and increased disclosure of personal information online, the 'privacy paradox' suggests that while Internet users are concerned about privacy, their behaviors do not mirror those concerns. This study investigates the potential influence of privacy concerns, psychological traits, attitudes to the Social Web and age on self-disclosure. Using an online survey of a representative sample of German Internet users n=2, 739, the variety and quality of self-disclosure as well as access were measured. The findings indicate that privacy concerns hardly impact self-disclosure, but different variables moderate this relation. Perceived social relevance and the number of applications used proved important. Users' general willingness to disclose is most important when providing sensitive information.

Despite its prevalence in academic research, formal adoption is actually a specific sort of child placement. The more general phenomenon of the circulation of children could better help us to explain the centrality of minors in broader social milieus, since so-called 'informal' placements do frequently act as productive and reproductive strategies with social cohesion purposes that go far beyond the specificity of the punctual child transfer. These forms of child mobility are commonly found in many cultures, including our own in a not so distant past and may become a crucial social structuring factor. Pese a su prevalencia en la investigación antropológica, la adopción formal no es sino una forma más de emplazamiento infantil. Considerar, desde este punto de vista, la circulación de menores como un fenómeno más amplio de movilidad y adscripción podría sernos de más ayuda a la hora de explicar la centralidad de niños y niñas en contextos sociales diversos, puesto que los emplazamientos considerados 'informales' actúan con frecuencia como estrategias productivas y reproductivas con finalidades socialmente cohesivas que van más allá de la transferencia puntual de un menor. Estas formas de movilidad infantil han sido (y en buena medida siguen siendo) comunes en muchas culturas, también en la nuestra, pudiendo llegar a constituir un factor social estructurante.

This paper addresses two interrelated problems currently confronting computer science education, motivating students while simultaneously providing them with the skills they'll need to solve complex interconnected problems. We describe a framework for motivating computer science students by adding the context of social good to introductory computing assignments. Adding the context in this manner also goes some way to addressing the need for graduates to have skills, attributes and behaviours appropriate to contributing to social good outcomes. Accompanying this, we provide 14 concrete examples of introductory computing projects that convey and reinforce computing's social relevance and potential for positive societal impact.

Two educators collaborated to design and test a one-week summer course for middle school girls on sound, engineering, and invention as an exemplar integrated STEM program that draws upon rich historical and social contexts with the goal of attracting and retaining students in STEM. An engineering design project and an invention project formed the core of the course. Music and related technologies served as the unifying theme intended to tap into the interests of youth. Historical primary sources and writing about invention and innovation provided additional entry points into engineering as a human and creative endeavor. Exposure to female inventors, scientists and engineers was also planned as a way for the girls to become acquainted with positive role models. Included in this paper is a discussion of the underlying philosophies that influenced the design of the learning experiences for youth underrepresented in STEM.

La presente investigación se realizó en la Ciudad de Estelí, año 2016. Participaron turistas y gerentes y/o propietarios de los hoteles inscritos en el Instituto Nicaragüense de Turismo, delegación de Estelí. El objetivo de la investigación ha sido evaluar el uso y aplicación de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TICs) como estrategias de Marketing y su contribución a la competitividad del sector turístico hotelero de la cuidad. Para ello, se realizó una caracterización del sector turístico hotelero; así mismo se identificó y valoró la aplicación de las TICs en el sector, lo cual permitió analizar la contribución a la competitividad. Con los resultados obtenidos se realizó un FODA, que sirvió de insumo para elaborar la propuesta de estrategias. El estudio se justificó por su conveniencia dado que cuenta con valor teórico, utilidad práctica, y relevancia social. Metodológicamente aborda la perspectiva desde un enfoque cuantitativo, analiza y vincula datos con su aportación teórica, de tipo aplicada, se basa en un paradigma pragmático, de corte transversal y muestreo no probabilístico; el universo constó de 50 turistas y 19 propietarios y/o gerentes. La información se recolectó mediante encuestas a los turistas y a los propietarios y/o gerentes, se procesaron haciendo uso del programa SPSS versión 20.0. Los resultados indican que la mayoría de los hoteles hacen uso y aplican alguna estrategia de marketing digital, la cual aporta a su competitividad. Se presentan debilidades como fortalezas que se pueden mejorar y optimizar para aprovechar y contrarrestar las oportunidades y amenazas provenientes del entorno.

Information Cascades (IC) through a social network occur due to the decision of users to disseminate content. We define this decision process as User Diffusion (UD). IC models typically describe an information cascade by treating a user as a node within a social graph, where a node’s reception of an idea is represented by some activation state. The probability of activation then becomes a function of a node’s connectedness to other activated nodes as well as, potentially, the history of activation attempts. We enrich this Coarse-Grained User Diffusion (CGUD) model by applying actor type logics to the nodes of the graph. The resulting Fine-Grained User Diffusion (FGUD) model utilizes prior research in actor typing to generate a predictive model regarding the future influence a user will have on an Information Cascade. Furthermore, we introduce a measure of Information Resonance that is used to aid in predictions regarding user behavior.

Carotid stenosis is an issue of enormous clinical and social relevance, so the scientific literature about this subject is very large. The intent of this review is to make a brief review of this entity to subsequently address it from the point of view of the anaesthesiologist who meets her in the operating room, in order to provide some idea of the impact of this entity, the indication of intervention, the possibilities for them, monitoring during the process and the different plausible anaesthetic techniques.