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This study investigated a 2-stage arterial switch operation (ASO) to treat transposition of the great arteries (TGA) with intact ventricular septum (TGA-IVS) in late referral patients.We retrospectively analyzed patients with TGA-IVS or TGA with restricted ventricular septal defects who had undergone 2-stage ASO at our institution from February 2007 to August 2018. Included were 41 patients: 21 (51.2%) who had undergone long-term 2-stage ASO and 20 (48.8%) who had undergone rapid 2-stage ASO.The long-term 2-stage group was older at ASO (3.5 vs 25 months; P.001). Results were more satisfactory in the long-term group than in the rapid group for intensive care unit time (P = .004), mechanical ventilation time (P = .004), and length of stay (P = .007). No in-hospital death occurred in the long-term group, and the postoperative course was more manageable in the long-term group than in the rapid group. However, the risk of significant neoaortic regurgitation was lower in the rapid group, which also had a better left ventricular ejection fraction.The long-term group achieved better early-term outcomes than the rapid group. However, a high risk of neoaortic regurgitation and myocardial dysfunction was also noted.

Background: Postprandial distress syndrome (PDS), characterized by the presence of prevalently meal-related early satiation and fullness, is a highly prevalent condition with major socioeconomic and healthcare impact. To date, there is a lack of pharmacological treatment proven value for PDS. Therefore, an ideal strategy to relieve PDS is urgently needed. In recent years, massage therapy has been increasingly accepted by PDS patients due to its lower costs, fewer unwanted side effects and safety for clinical use. In this systematic review, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of massage therapy for patients with postprandial distress syndrome. Methods: We will search the following electronic databases for randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of massage therapy in treating postprandial distress syndrome: Wanfang and Pubmed Database, CNKI, CENTRAL, CINAHL, and EMBASE. Each database will be searched from inception to October 2020. The entire process will include study selection, data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and meta-analyses. Results: This proposed study will evaluate the effectiveness and safety of massage therapy for patients with postprandial distress syndrome. The outcomes will include changes in PDS relief and adverse effect. Conclusions: This proposed systematic review will evaluate the existing evidence on the effectiveness and safety of massage therapy for patients with postprandial distress syndrome. Dissemination and ethics: The results of this review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication. Because all of the data used in this systematic review and meta-analysis has been published, this review does not require ethical approval. Furthermore, all data will be analyzed anonymously during the review process. OSF Registration number: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/9WRX8.

BACKGROUND Loss and/or dysfunction of interstitial Cajal-like cells (ICLCs) in the gallbladder may promote cholesterol gallstone formation by decreasing gallbladder motility. AIM To study the effect of cholesterol on the proliferation and apoptosis of ICLCs from guinea pig gallbladders. METHODS Guinea pig gallbladder ICLCs were isolated and cultured in vitro. The cells were exposed to cholesterol solutions at different concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/L) for 24 h. Then, cell proliferation was detected by the CCK-8 method and the apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry. Further, the expression of the c-Kit protein was detected by Western blot and the expression level of c-Kit mRNA in the cells was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS After ICLCs were cultured with cholesterol at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 mg/L, the proliferation rates decreased significantly (P < 0.05), whereas the apoptosis rates increased significantly (P < 0.05). Moreover, the expression of c-Kit protein and mRNA decreased significantly (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION High cholesterol concentrations can inhibit the proliferation of ICLCs and promote apoptosis. This decrease in the ICLC proliferation rate might be caused by the inhibition of the stem cell factor/c-Kit signaling pathway.

Background: Insomnia is one of the common problems in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Previous studies have reported the beneficial effects of auricular acupressure (AA) for insomnia in patients with MHD. This study aimed to critically evaluate the efficacy and safety of AA for insomnia in patients with MHD.Methods: Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Database, Wanfang Data, Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were systematically searched from inception to April 30, 2020, to identify any eligible randomized controlled trials. MHD patients with insomnia were included regardless of age, gender, nationality, or race. The experimental interventions included AA alone or AA combined with other therapies. The control interventions included placebo, no treatment, or other therapies. The primary outcome was sleep quality measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). RevMan 5.3 software was used for statistical analysis.Results: Eight studies involving 618 participants were included for statistical analysis. A meta-analysis showed no significant difference of PSQI global score after 8 weeks of AA treatment compared with estazolam (p = 0.70). Other narrative analyses revealed that PSQI global score was significantly attenuated after AA treatment in comparison with mental health education (p = 0.03, duration of 4 weeks; p = 0.02, duration of 8 weeks), AA plus routine nursing care compared with routine nursing care alone (p < 0.0001), and AA plus footbath compared with footbath alone (p = 0.01), respectively. A meta-analysis showed that AA could significantly increase the response rate (reduction of PSQI global score by 25% and more) in comparison with estazolam (p = 0.01). Other narrative analyses reported that the response rate was significantly increased after AA treatment compared with sham AA (p = 0.02), AA compared with mental health education (p = 0.04), and AA plus routine nursing care compared with routine nursing care alone (p = 0.0003), respectively.Conclusion: The present findings suggest that AA may be an alternative treatment for insomnia in patients with MHD. However, more large-scale, high-quality trials are still warranted to confirm these outcomes.

Objective This study sought to summarize the clinical experience of surgical treatment of anomalous origin of pulmonary arteries from the ascending aorta (AOPA) in Fuwai hospital. Methods Fifty-two patients (28 males, 17.2 ± 27.2 months old and 8.7 ± 10.2 Kg weight) who have AOPA undertook surgical treatment between 1998 and 2017 were reviewed in this study, 47 out of 52 are anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery (AORPA), among the rest of the patients are anomalous origin of left pulmonary artery (AOLPA). 27 out of 52 associate with simple cardiac abnormalities, 20 out of 52 associate with complex cardiac malformations, the remaining 5 patients without cardiac abnormalities. Among all patients who underwent surgical treatment, the direct end-to-side anastomosis strategy was applied in 26 patients, autologous pericardial-homograft patch and aortic flap were employed in 20 patients, and synthetic graft was used in 6 patients. Results No patient died during the perioperative period. 50 out of 52 patients were followed-up for 100.1 ± 70.9 months. The rate of pulmonary arterial free restenosis for 2 years, 5 years, and 10 years is 98.0, 96.0 and 92.0%, respectively. Conclusions The correct diagnosis and appropriate surgical treatment for AOPA could obtain excellent early and medium-term result.

[Purpose] Personalized recommendation is one of the hottest research areas in recent years Recommendation systems developed by Google, Amazon, Alibaba and other companies have brought them huge benefits, which are recommendations based on big data analysis. However,For data sets with large data sparseness, traditional recommendation algorithms for historical records cannot obtain satisfactory recommendation results, and traditional recommendation algorithms often cannot discover the potential interests of users. In this paper, we managed to extend the personalized recommendation system to the University Library Lending system [Methodology]Firstly, to meet the challenge of data sparsity, we collected the information of readers and books in the borrowing records of Qinghai University Library in recent 20 years. Secondly, through the analysis and research of the Wide and Deep model, the recommendation model is obtained by joint training of LR (Logistic Regression) and DNN (Deep Neural Network) networks. Moreover, we improved the double-label of the Wide and Deep model into multiple labels and got the final model after extensive training. [Findings]The experimental results show that the accuracy of our book recommendation model is significantly better than traditional recommendation algorithms and hybrid recommendation algorithms. [Originality]Firstly we set up a large Qinghai University book data set for training and testing and verification.Secondly, completed the model migration and improvement of W & D. Through a large number of experiments for comparative research, it is concluded that the improved W & D model is suitable for book recommendation systems.The value of the AUC index of the traditional collaborative filtering model is the lowest. The AUC value of the weighted bipartite graph model is greater than the collaborative filtering model. The AUC value of the hybrid model is basically the same as that of the weighted bipartite graph model. The Wide & Deep model has the highest AUC value. Reached 0.75. Therefore, the Wide & Deep model is suitable for a book personalized recommendation system with sparse characteristics of big data.

Background Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder with increasing incidence. At present, the global incidence of the disease is on the rise, and the cause is unknown. There is no specific treatment for this disease at present, mainly education and training. Traditional Chinese medicine treatment has a certain effect on the improvement of the symptoms of the disease. The treatment methods are mainly oral Chinese medicine and acupuncture, but children are often not easy to cooperate. As a safe and effective green therapy, massage is easy to be accepted by children. Methods We will search the following electronic databases for randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of massage therapy in treating autism spectrum disorders: Wanfang and PubMed Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Excerpta Medica database. Each database will be searched from inception to March 2021. The entire process will include study selection, data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and meta-analyses. Results This proposed study will evaluate the effectiveness and safety of massage therapy for patients with autism spectrum disorders. The outcomes will include changes in autism spectrum disorder relief and adverse effect. Conclusion This proposed systematic review will evaluate the existing evidence on the effectiveness and safety of massage therapy for patients with autism spectrum disorders. Dissemination and ethics The results of this review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication. Because all of the data used in this systematic review and meta-analysis have been published, this review does not require ethical approval. Furthermore, all data will be analyzed anonymously during the review process.

Sb2Se3, as a new class of functional materials, has recently emerged for solar energy conversion owing to its low cost and high activity. In this paper, a facile electrodeposition method allows uniform formation of vertically aligned Sb2Se3 nanorods arrays. The physical and chemical properties of Sb2Se3 films can be modulated by varying the used substrates. A more uniform nanorod-shaped Sb2Se3(Se) film is developed on the Se-coated Ni substrate with better crystallinity, improved light absorption ability, suitable band structure, efficient photogenerated carriers transport. Additionally, the Sb2Se3(Se) film exhibits the better photocatalytic activity, and degrades 74.7% methylene blue (MB) after irradiation for 60 ​min, as compared to the Sb2Se3(Ni) film. The research provides an effective approach for synthesizing well-aligned Sb2Se3 nanorods arrays, and reveals a new direction for designing high-efficiency photocatalysis.

Background: Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is an established precursor of gastric carcinoma with high prevalence worldwide. It is a typical complex gastro-intestinal disease with multiple influence factors, of which exact mechanisms remain unelucidated. Therefore, an ideal strategy to relieve CAG is urgently needed. In recent years, massage therapy has been increasingly accepted by CAG patients due to its lower costs, fewer unwanted side effects and safety for clinical use. In this systematic review, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of massage therapy for patients with chronic atrophic gastritis. Methods: We will search the following electronic databases for randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of massage therapy in treating chronic atrophic gastritis: Wanfang and Pubmed Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Cochrane Central register of controlled trials, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Excerpta Medica database. Each database will be searched from inception to September 2020. The entire process will include study selection, data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and meta-analyses. Result: This proposed study will evaluate the effectiveness and safety of massage therapy for patients with chronic atrophic gastritis. The outcomes will include changes in CAG relief and adverse effect. Conclusion: This proposed systematic review will evaluate the existing evidence on the effectiveness and safety of massage therapy for patients with chronic atrophic gastritis. Dissemination and ethics: The results of this review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication. Because all of the data used in this systematic review and meta-analysis has been published, this review does not require ethical approval. Furthermore, all data will be analyzed anonymously during the review process.

Space-borne S-band 10W solid-state power amplifier (SSPA) has been developed in BeiDou Navigation Satellite System. Its output power directly affects the EIRP value of the system. In this paper, a design of a space-borne S-band 10W solid-state power amplifier is presented. The main performance of the SSAP is similar to the imported products, the bandwidth is wider and the efficiency is higher. The SSPA has the dimensions of 228mm×139mm×56mm with a weight of 1.35kg.The power of the multi-carrier with a 110MHz bandwidth output is greater than 10W, and efficiency achieves 35% at 21xxMHz – 23xxMHz over the temperature range from -25 to +60 degC.

Background: In the beginning of December 2019, the novel coronavirus pneumonia was first detected in Wuhan, China. Its widespread infectivity and strong pathogenicity has posed a great threat to public health, seriously affecting social production and life. Accumulating evidence suggests that gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea, are common among patients with COVID-19. Tuina (massage) therapy is 1 of the widely employed complementary and alternative medicine interventions in the world. It can act on the subcutaneous muscular layer, enhance the local blood circulation and tissue metabolism of the skin, thus exert its effects on digestive systems and alleviate aversive diarrhea symptoms. This systematic review and meta-analysis will summarize the current evidence of tuina (massage) used as an intervention for diarrhea symptoms in COVID-19. Methods: We will search the following electronic databases for randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of massage therapy in treating exercise-induced fatigue: China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang and Pubmed Database, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Excerpta Medica database and MEDLINE. Each database will be searched from inception to June 2020. The entire process will include study selection, data extraction, risk of bias assessment and meta-analyses. Results: This proposed study will evaluate the effectiveness and safety of massage therapy for diarrhea symptoms in COVID-19 patients. The outcomes will include the improvement of diarrhea symptoms and adverse effect. Conclusions: This proposed systematic review will evaluate the existing evidence on the effectiveness and safety of massage therapy for diarrhea symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Dissemination and ethics: The results of this review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication. Because all of the data used in this systematic review and meta-analysis has been published, this review does not require ethical approval. Furthermore, all data will be analyzed anonymously during the review process.

Background:Starting in December 2019 in Wuhan (Hubei province, China), a novel coronavirus, designated SARS-CoV-2, has caused an international outbreak of a respiratory illness and rapidly evolved into a pandemic.Given the rapidly growing pandemic and the overwhelmedmedical system, the number of self‐quarantined and recovering patients is increasing.There is an urgentneed of alternative medicine to help patients relieve symptoms duringself‐quarantine, and possibly to help increase their chances of survivaland recovery from COVID-19.Massage (tuina) therapy is one of the widely employed complementary and alternative medicine interventions in the world.Long-term clinicalpractices and experiences have shown that massage therapy could significantly contribute to the healing of most respiratory conditions and lung disease.This systematic review and meta-analysis will summarize the current evidence of tuina (massage) used as an intervention for pulmonary function in COVID-19 recovering patients.Methods:We will search the following electronic databases for randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of massage therapy inimproving pulmonary function ofCOVID-19 recovering patients: Wanfang and Pubmed Database, CNKI, CENTRAL, CINAHL, EMBASE and MEDLINE. Each database will be searched from inception to June 2020. The entire process will include study selection, data extraction, risk of bias assessment and meta-analyses.Discussion:This proposed systematic review will evaluate the existing evidence and explore the potential roleof massage therapyon the effectiveness and safety in pulmonary function of COVID-19 recovering patients.The outcomes will include the improvement of pulmonary function and adverse effect.PROSPERO registration number:CRD42020192107

In December 2019, an outbreak of unexplained pneumonia was reported in Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization officially named this disease as novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Liver injury was observed in patients with COVID-19, and its severity varied depending on disease severity, geographical area, and patient age. Systemic inflammatory response, immune damage, ischemia-reperfusion injury, viral direct damage, drug induce, mechanical ventilation, and underlying diseases may contribute to liver injury. Although, in most cases, mild liver dysfunction is observed, which is usually temporary and does not require special treatment, the importance of monitoring liver injury should be emphasized for doctors. The risk of COVID-19 infection of liver transplantation recipients caused more and more concerns. In this article, we aimed to review the available literature on liver injury in COVID-19 to highlight the importance of monitoring and treating liver injury in COVID-19.

Excitons, Coulomb-bound electron-hole pairs, are the fundamental excitations governing the optoelectronic properties of semiconductors. While optical signatures of excitons have been studied extensively, experimental access to the excitonic wave function itself has been elusive. Using multidimensional photoemission spectroscopy, we present a momentum-, energy- and time-resolved perspective on excitons in the layered semiconductor WSe2. By tuning the excitation wavelength, we determine the energy-momentum signature of bright exciton formation and its difference from conventional single-particle excited states. The multidimensional data allows to retrieve fundamental exciton properties like the binding energy and the exciton-lattice coupling and to reconstruct the real-space excitonic distribution function via Fourier transform. All quantities are in excellent agreement with microscopic calculations. Our approach provides a full characterization of the exciton properties and is applicable to bright and dark excitons in semiconducting materials, heterostructures and devices. The data we uploaded here is the four-dimensional trARPES data used in this paper., This work was funded by the Max Planck Society, the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation and the H2020-EU.1.2.1. FET Open programs (Grant Nos. ERC-2015-CoG-682843, ERC-2015-AdG-694097, and OPTOlogic 899794), the Max Planck Society's Research Network BiGmax on Big-Data-Driven Materials-Science, and the German Research Foundation (DFG) within the Emmy Noether program (Grant No. RE 3977/1), through SFB 951 "Hybrid Inorganic/Organic Systems for Opto-Electronics (HIOS)" (Project No. 182087777, projects B12 and B17), the SFB/TRR 227 "Ultrafast Spin Dynamics" (projects A09 and B07), the Research Unit FOR 1700 "Atomic Wires" (project E5), and the Priority Program SPP 2244 (project 443366970). D.C.thanks the graduate school Advanced Materials (SFB 951) for support. S.B. acknowledges financial support from the NSERC-Banting Postdoctoral Fellowships Program. T.P. acknowledges financial support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.

In recent years, Te films are an active semiconductor photocatalysts because of the suitable photoelectrochemical properties. In this paper, Te films were successfully fabricated via a facile electrodeposition method with the addition of NaCl into electrolytic solution and assessed for photocatalytic application. The physicochemical performances of Te films were characterized via many analytical methods. It was discovered that the resulting Te films can present different physicochemical properties controllably depending on the NaCl used. Photodegradation experimental result indicates that the chip-shaped Te films show superior photocatalytic activity towards MB degradation. The degradation efficiency of 95.1% was achieved in 60 ​min. In addition, the developed films also presented superior stability without an apparent inactivation on photocatalytic activity after four photocatalytic cycles. The markedly enhanced photocatalytic activity of the chip-shaped Te film can be due to the formation of unique structure which can increase the surface area, promote the absorption capability and improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers. Notably, in the degradation process of MB, the •OH and •O2− are the main active radical species according to the free radicals capturing experiments and ESR results. A possible photocatalytic degradation mechanism was also proposed. It is hoped that the chip-shaped Te films have potential desirable applications in photocatalytic-industry. This work also offers a promising strategy to improve the performance of Te films to be high and multiple efficient photocatalyst.

Introduction: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare but real tumor, which is histologically characterized by myofibroblastic spindle cells proliferation with inflammatory infiltrate. The lung is the most common affected organ, and extrapulmonary IMTs are less common. However, IMT seldom presents in the gastrointestinal tract, and intussusception is a rare complication of this tumor. Case presentation: We documented this rare case of a 12-year-old Chinese girl presenting with abdominal pain. The clinical and radiologic impression was bowel intussusception and bowel obstruction. No sign of abdominal mass was found before surgery, neither physical examination nor radiologic images. Operative findings revealed intestinal intussusception secondary to a little mass. Histopathlogic evaluation of this mass revealed IMT. Conclusion: In conclusion, IMT may present with bowel intussusception. However, at the intestinal location, the tumor may be found as an abdominal mass or may be insidious; hence, detailed history, physical examination, and imaging studies are necessary for early recognition and diagnosis.

Femtosecond optical pump–probe spectroscopy resolves hitherto unobserved coherent acoustic phonons in colloidal CdSe/CdS core/shell nanoplatelets (NPLs). With increasing pump fluence, the frequency of the in-plane acoustic mode increases from 5.2 to 10.7 cm–1, whereas the frequency of the out-of-plane mode remains at ∼20 cm–1. Analysis of the oscillation phases suggests that the coherent acoustic phonon generation mechanism transitions from displacive excitation to subpicosecond Auger hole trapping with increasing pump fluence. The measurements yield Huang–Rhys parameters of ∼10–2 for both acoustic modes. The weak electron–phonon coupling strengths favor the application of NPLs in optoelectronics.

Background and aims Myocarditis is inflammation in the heart; its pathogenesis is to be further investigated. Activities of micro RNAs (miR) are associated with immune inflammation. This study tests a hypothesis that miR-98 is involved in the development of myocarditis. Methods BALB/c mice were immunized with cardiac α-myosin heavy chain peptides (MyHC-α) to induce myocarditis. The effects of miR-98 on regulation of interleukin (IL)-10 were assessed by real time RT-PCR. Results Mice immunized with MyHC-α showed myocarditis and lower frequency of IL-10 + B cells (B10 cell) in the hearts. Expression of miR-98 was higher, IL-10 was lower, in B cells isolated from the mouse hearts with myocarditis, which was negatively correlated with each other. Exposure to tumor necrosis factor-α up regulated miR-98 expression in B cells. Over-expression of miR-98 suppressed IL-10 expression in B cells. Blocking miR-98 or adoptively transplanting B10 cells attenuated experimental myocarditis. Conclusions miR-98 suppresses IL-10 expression in B cells in the heart, which plays an important role in myocarditis. MiR-98 may be a therapeutic target in the treatment of myocarditis.

Background Hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HC)is one of the most common malignancies in China with poor prognosis and its incidence rate is increasing. Surgical resection is the most possible curative treatment option. However, comprehensive knowledge of prognostic markers is less or not accurate. So, the aim of this study was to analyze the prognostic factors in the surgical resection of HC patients.Material/Methods A retrospective analysis of 85 cases of HC patients attending our hospital between January 2014 and December 2018 were included in the study. The patients was follow-up history at July 2019. Cox proportional hazards model analysis was performed to identify indexes of prognosis. All indicators were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results The significantly related prognostic factors are imaging staging,blood loss during surgery, lymphatic metastasis and tumor size,TNM stage, surgical mar­gin and level of carbohydrate antigen 19–9(CA19-9) in blood. Among them, TNM stage, surgical mar­gin and level of CA19-9 in blood are independent prognostic factors.Conclusions Good prognosis in hilar cholangiocarcinoma patients is indicated by early stages of TNM staging, no resection margin invaded and low level of CA19-9.

Grassland degradation estimation is essential to prevent global land desertification and sandstorms. Typically, the key to such estimation is to measure the coverage of indicator plants. However, traditional methods of estimation rely heavily on human eyes and manual labor, thus inevitably leading to subjective results and high labor costs. In contrast, deep learning-based image segmentation algorithms are potentially capable of automatic assessment of the coverage of indicator plants. Nevertheless, a suitable image dataset comprising grassland images is not publicly available. To this end, we build an original Automatic Grassland Degradation Estimation Dataset (AGDE-Dataset), with a large number of grassland images captured from the wild. Based on AGDE-Dataset, we are able to propose a brand new scheme to automatically estimate grassland degradation, which mainly consists of two components. 1) Semantic segmentation: we design a deep neural network with an improved encoder-decoder structure to implement semantic segmentation of grassland images. In addition, we propose a novel Focal-Hinge Loss to alleviate the class imbalance of semantics in the training stage. 2) Degradation estimation: we provide the estimation of grassland degradation based on the results of semantic segmentation. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves satisfactory accuracy in grassland degradation estimation.

Background: Metatarsalgia refers to localized or generalized forefoot pain in the region of the metatarsal heads. Often this pain is plantar, beneath the metatarsal heads, and arises from either mechanical or iatrogenic causes. The treatment of metatarsalgia remains controversial. A thorough understanding of the biomechanics of the forefoot and the underlying pathology of the particular type of metatarsalgia affecting the patient is a prerequisite to selecting the proper treatment. In recent years, massage therapy has been increasingly accepted by patients due to its lower costs, fewer unwanted side effects, and safety for clinical use. In this systematic review, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of massage therapy for patients with metatarsal pain. Methods: We will search the following electronic databases for randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of massage therapy in treating metatarsal pain: Wanfang and PubMed Database, CNKI, CENTRAL, CINAHL, and EMBASE. Each database will be searched from inception to October 2020. The entire process will include study selection, data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and meta-analyses. Results: This proposed study will evaluate the effectiveness and safety of massage therapy for patients with metatarsal pain. The outcomes will include changes in metatarsal pain relief and adverse effect. Conclusions: This proposed systematic review will evaluate the existing evidence on the effectiveness and safety of massage therapy for patients with metatarsalgia. Dissemination and ethics: The results of this review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication. Because all of the data used in this systematic review and meta-analysis has been published, this review does not require ethical approval. Furthermore, all data will be analyzed anonymously during the review process. OSF Registration number: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/C6KFJ

Background Thoracic facet joint disorder is a common thoracic disorder in clinic, inducing pain and discomfort at the dislocated thoracic vertebrae, radiating to pain of the neck and back. The incidence of thoracic facet joint disorder is higher than the facet disorder of the cervical and lumbar vertebrae. Therefore, an ideal strategy to relieve thoracic facet joint disorder is urgently needed. In recent years, massage therapy has been increasingly accepted by thoracic facet joint disorder patients due to its lower costs, fewer unwanted side effects and safety for clinical use. In this systematic review, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of massage therapy for patients with thoracic facet joint disorder. Methods We will search the following electronic databases for randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effectiveness of massage therapy in treating thoracic facet joint disorder: Wanfang and PubMed Database, CNKI, CENTRAL, CINAHL and EMBASE. Each database will be searched from inception to October 2020. The entire process will include study selection, data extraction, risk of bias assessment and meta-analyses. Results This proposed study will evaluate the effectiveness of massage therapy for patients with thoracic facet joint disorder. Conclusions This proposed systematic review will evaluate the existing evidence on the effectiveness and safety of massage therapy for patients with thoracic facet joint disorder. Dissemination and ethics The results of this review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication. Because all of the data used in this systematic review and meta-analysis has been published, this review does not require ethical approval. Furthermore, all data will be analyzed anonymously during the review process. Osf registration number DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/XMEJD.

Time-of-flight-based momentum microscopy has a growing presence in photoemission studies, as it enables parallel energy- and momentum-resolved acquisition of the full photoelectron distribution. Here, we report table-top extreme ultraviolet (XUV) time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (trARPES) featuring both a hemispherical analyzer and a momentum microscope within the same setup. We present a systematic comparison of the two detection schemes and quantify experimentally relevant parameters, including pump- and probe-induced space-charge effects, detection efficiency, photoelectron count rates, and depth of focus. We highlight the advantages and limitations of both instruments based on exemplary trARPES measurements of bulk WSe2. Our analysis demonstrates the complementary nature of the two spectrometers for time-resolved ARPES experiments. Their combination in a single experimental apparatus allows us to address a broad range of scientific questions with trARPES., Comment: 19 pages, 9 figures. The following article has been submitted to Review of Scientific Instruments / AIP Publishing. After it is published, it will be found at https://aip.scitation.org/journal/rsi

Background The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused an international outbreak of a respiratory illness and grown to be a global public health emergency since patients were first detected in Wuhan, China. Given the rapidly growing pandemic and the overwhelmed medical system, there is an urgent need of alternative medicine to help children relieve symptoms during self-quarantine, and possibly to help increase their chances of survival and recovery from COVID-19. By using various manual techniques at specified locations on the surface of the body, pediatric massage manipulation can unblock meridians, promote the circulation of qi and blood and strengthen resistance to pathogens. Methods We will search the following electronic databases: Wanfang and Pubmed Database, CNKI, CENTRAL, CINAHL, EMBASE and MEDLINE. Each database will be searched from inception to June 2020. The entire process will include study selection, data extraction, risk of bias assessment and meta-analyses. Results This systematic review will evaluate the existing evidence of pediatric massage therapy for restoring pediatric lung function from COVID-19. The outcomes will include the improvement of pulmonary function and adverse effect. Conclusion This proposed systematic review will evaluate the existing evidence and explore the potential role of pediatric massage therapy on the effectiveness and safety in pulmonary function of COVID-19 convalescent children. Prospero registration number CRD42020193396.

Background Exercise-induced fatigue (EF) has been a major area of interest within the field of sports and clinical medicine. Implemented on people's skin, muscles, and joints as an important part of complementary and alternative medicine , massage therapy has a positive effect on the recovery of EF and sports injuries. In this systematic review, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of massage therapy for patients with EF. Methods We will search the following electronic databases for randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of massage therapy in treating EF: China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang and PubMed Database, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Excerpta Medica database, and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online. Each database will be searched from inception to May 2020. The entire process will include study selection, data extraction, risk of bias assessment and meta-analyses. Results This proposed study will evaluate the effectiveness and safety of massage therapy for patients with EF. The outcomes will include change in fatigue relief and adverse effect. Conclusions This proposed systematic review will evaluate the existing evidence on the effectiveness and safety of massage therapy for patients with EF. Dissemination and ethics The results of this review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication. Because all of the data used in this systematic review and meta-analysis has been published, this review does not require ethical approval. Furthermore, all data will be analyzed anonymously during the review process.

Yolk sac tumor (YST) is a rare malignancy typically occurring in children. However, bilateral testicular YSTs are a quite rare situation, which can occur metachronously or synchronously with same histologic type, as well as different histology. We present a case of synchronous YST of the left testis and mature teratoma of the right in a 7-month-old infant treated with testis-sparing surgery at right testis and high radical orchiectomy at left. By follow-up of 28th month, no atrophy, or residual tumor in right testis and no recurrence or evidence of disease in left scrotum was found.

The deregulation of claudin-3 has been reported to correlate with the invasion and metastasis of various cancers, but little is known about its expression level and the prognostic value in squamous cell lung carcinoma (SqCC). The purpose of this study is to determine the expression levels and the prognostic value of claudin-3 in completely resected SqCC tissues, and the potential underlying mechanism. The protein expression of claudin-3, E-cadherin, β-catenin, and vimentin in the tumor tissues from 103 patients with surgically resected SqCC was examined using immunohistochemistry, western blots, as well as semi-quantitative estimation. The claudin-3 protein level was significantly associated with E-cadherin, β-catenin, and vimentin protein expression. A decreased claudin-3 protein level was significantly correlated with TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and disease recurrence. Similarly, downregulation of E-cadherin was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and disease recurrence. Decreased β-catenin expression also had a significant correlation with disease recurrence. Univariate analyses indicated that the T stage, lymph node metastasis, the TNM stage, and the expression of claudin-3, β-catenin, and vimentin were significant predictors for overall survival (OS). Moreover, multivariate analyses demonstrated that the TNM stage and protein levels of claudin-3, β-catenin, and vimentin were independent predictors for OS of SqCC patients. Claudin-3 plays an important role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of SqCC and might be used as a potential prognostic factor for SqCC.

To investigate the effect of interstitial Cajal-like cells (ICLCs) on contraction of gallbladder muscle strips; and to analyze the changes of ICLCs during cholesterol gallstone formation in guinea pig.The cholesterol gallstone animal model was made by feeding guinea pig with high cholesterol diet (HCD). In vitro isolated gallbladder muscle strips were prepared. Gallbladder motility was assessed by the contraction frequency and amplitude of slow wave in response to CCK-8. The alteration in ICLC density was estimated by using immunohistochemistry. The expression of c-kit and stem cell factor (SCF) were determined.The amplitude and frequency of slow wave was significantly lower in gallbladder muscle strips with the impaired ICLCs. And it is correlated with the decreased contractile response to CCK-8. In HCD guinea pig, the ICLC density and bile flow in response to CCK-8 were remarkably decreased. The results indicated that gallbladder ICLCs can create slow wave potential, and also get involved in the regulation of CCK-8 induced gallbladder smooth muscle motility. In the process of cholesterol gallstone formation, ICLC density clearly decreased. This further impaired gallbladder motility. The decrease in ICLC density may result from decreased expression of c-kit and SCF during cholesterol gallstone formation.

Semiconductor nanomaterials are poised to revolutionize the field of electronics. Their low-cost synthesis and unique optoelectronic properties are aligned to the needs of modern industry. The miniaturization of semiconductor electronic components can achieve higher performance in a smaller volume, and the easily tailored electronic structure as a consequence of quantum confinement effect gives life to a myriad of semiconductor devices. Accompanying the emergence of a large number of promising applications is the challenge to monitor, understand and eventually manipulate the physical properties of these semiconductor nanostructures. Beyond the extensive research on the quantum confinement effect of semiconductor nanostructures, another striking quantum mechanical phenomenon in nanoscale systems that has attracted intense attention is that of electronic coherence. To investigate coherent electronic motion in low-dimensional semiconductors, we employ transient absorption spectroscopy with few-cycle laser pulses. The broadband spectra overlap with the two lowest-lying excitonic states of colloidal CdSe quantum dots (QDs), thus preparing a superposition of 1S_e 1S_h and 1S_e 2S_h states. The excitonic coherence, with a 15-fs dephasing time, is clearly discerned from our optical pump-probe data at 77 K. An ultrafast charge migration over a 1-nm-length scale with rates that can potentially exceed 1 Å/fs is reconstructed. The temperature-dependent dephasing time established that the electronic decoherence is partially induced by acoustic phonon scattering, with the dominant contribution arising from either exciton-defect scattering and/or exciton-exciton scattering. The inherent size distribution of the ensemble QDs contributes to inhomogeneous dephasing of electronic coherence. Fortunately, quasi-two-dimensional colloidal nanoplatelets (NPLs) have recently emerged as a new class of materials with monodisperse thicknesses of atomic precision, leading to relatively narrower absorption and emission bands compared with QDs. After photoexcitation at the bandgap of CdSe/CdS core/shell NPLs, band selective probing is used to separate the electron and hole dynamics. Pump fluence-dependent measurements reveal a sub-picosecond Auger-mediated hole trapping process with an effective second-order rate constant of 3.5±1.0 cm2/s. At high excitation intensity, where the initial exciton number N_0>1, the spectral blue shift in the first-moment time traces indicates a concomitant Auger hole heating process, along with electron cooling dynamics, which is especially evident as a time-dependent red-shift when N_01. This observation is consistent with the absence of carrier quantum confinement in the lateral plane of NPLs. Analysis of the experimental data within a classical mechanical framework for wave packet propagation on the excited and trap state potentials yields the relative dimensionless displacement of the two states. On the other hand, the initial phase of ~π rad observed for the out-of-plane coherent phonon, independent of N0, suggests displacive excitation as the mechanism for generation of the out-of-plane coherent acoustic phonon. The coherent and incoherent dynamics of carriers and phonons described in this thesis provide further insight into the photophysical behavior of nanostructured CdSe QDs and NPLs. ​Doctor of Philosophy (SPMS)

Background Liver retraction is critical in single-incision laparoscopic upper abdominal surgery. Several techniques have been reported. Some need an additional port, whereas others are complicated and time-consuming. Methods n-Butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) glue was applied to bond the left lateral lobe of the liver to the diaphragm in different single-incision laparoscopic upper abdominal procedures. Liver adhesion time and duration of operation were recorded, and preoperative and postoperative liver function tests carried out. Results All procedures were completed successfully without additional ports or special instruments. The technique provided adequate workspace and a clear view. Mean liver adhesion time was 1·5 min. The maximum operating time was 310 min. Levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases were raised on day 1 after surgery but had returned to normal by day 7. Conclusion Creating adhesion between the left lateral lobe of the liver and the diaphragm using NBCA glue is a simple, safe and effective way of achieving liver retraction in single-incision laparoscopic upper abdominal surgery.

Objective The aim of this review was to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and potential benefits of single-incision laparoscopic splenectomy (SILS-Sp). Methods We conducted a systemic review of literature between 2009 and 2012 to retrieve all relevant articles. Results A total of 29 studies with 105 patients undergoing SILS-Sp were reviewed. Fifteen studies used a commercially available single-port device. The range of body mass index was 14.7–41.4 kg/m2. Six studies described combined operations including cholecystectomy (n = 8), mesh-pexy (n = 1), and pericardial devascularizaion (n = 1). The ranges of operative times and estimated blood losses were 28–420 min and 0–350 mL, respectively. Of 105 patients, three patients (2.9%) required additional ports, two patients (1.9%) were converted to open, and three patients (2.9%) to conventional multiport laparoscopic splenectomy (overall conversion rate, 4.8%). Postoperative bleeding occurred in two patients (1.9%) who both required reoperation. Overall mortality was 0% (0/105). The length of postoperative stay varied across reports (1–11 d). Among four comparative studies, one showed greater estimated blood loss and lower numeric pain rating scale score in the SILS-Sp group than in the multiport laparoscopic splenectomy group (206.25 ± 142.45 versus 111.11 ± 99.58 mL) and (3.81 ± 0.91 versus 4.56 ± 1.29), respectively. Another comparative study showed that SILS-Sp was associated with a shorter operative time (92.5 versus 172 min; P = 0.003), lower conversion rate, equivalent length of hospital stay, reduced mortality, similar morbidity, and comparable postoperative narcotic requirements. Conclusions In early series of highly selected patients, SILS-Sp appears to be feasible and safe when performed by experienced laparoscopic surgeons. However, as an emerging operation, publication bias is a factor that should be considered before we can draw an objective conclusion.

IntroductionConstipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal symptoms in postpartum mothers. The choice of treatments for postpartum constipation remains a challenging clinical problem. Chinese herbal medicine has become increasingly popular as an alternative therapy for constipation. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine for postpartum constipation.Methods and analysisWe will search PubMed (1946 to present), EMBASE (1974 to present), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (all years), Web of Science (1900 to present), Chinese Biomedical Literatures Database (1978 to present), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (1979 to present) and WANFANG data (1998 to present) to identify any eligible study. No restriction will be put on the language, publication date or status of the study. The primary outcome will be the spontaneous bowel movement. Secondary outcomes will be stool consistency, quality of life, transit time, relief of constipation symptoms and adverse events. We will perform the meta-analysis when more than one trial examines the same intervention and outcomes with comparable methods in similar populations. If the heterogeneity is not significant statistically (p>0.10 or I2Ethics and disseminationNo ethical issues are foreseen because no primary data will be collected. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018093741

The energy dissipation device is put on the support bar of the steel frame structure so as to form the energy dissipation support. The structural performance can be adjusted and improved through the additional stiffness and damping so as to realize the structural damping result. As there are many elements that can affect the structural earthquake anti-seismic performance, modal analysis which is taken as the basic contents, is conducted on the application of the common support and steel frame structure of energy dissipation support and the analysis is also conducted on the influences of energy dissipation to the vibration and cycle of the steel frame so as to lay a good foundation for the analysis on the anti-seismic performance of steel frame-energy dissipation support structural system.

In order to improve identification of new products, we study the energy efficiency test of utility boilers. According to related protocols and test method of the current boiler energy efficiency, we build up the model of boiler thermal efficiency test in direct and indirect procedure. During the procedure, we analysis some key issues such as the blended fuel problem and the desulfurizer’s effect on energy efficiency. On this basis, we develop the Utility Boiler Thermal Efficiency Test System, which is used in boiler industry and achieves the intended purpose.

In order to improve identification of new products, we study the energy efficiency test of industrial boilers. According to related protocols and test method of the current boiler energy efficiency, we put forward an effective solution of new boiler products based on indirect procedure. We build up the model of boiler thermal efficiency test in direct and indirect procedure and analysis some key problems in indirect procedure. On this basis, we develop the Industrial Boiler Thermal Efficiency Test System, which is used in boiler industry and achieves the intended purpose.

Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) has been proposed for several intra-abdominal surgical interventions. However, application of the LESS technique in portal hypertension is still in its infancy. We report in this article a new technique of LESS splenectomy plus pericardial devascularization with conventional laparoscopic instruments in patients with portal hypertension.From January 2010 to April 2012, LESS splenectomy plus pericardial devascularization was performed on 5 patients with portal hypertension. Surgical techniques and short-term outcomes were summarized and analyzed retrospectively.All the operations were successful with a mean operative duration of 252 minutes (range, 220-270 minutes), intraoperative blood loss of 290 mL (range, 250-350 mL), and hospital stay of 8.2 days (range, 7-9 days). No intraoperative or postoperative complications were recorded. The umbilical incision healed well with a satisfactory cosmetic effect.LESS splenectomy plus pericardial devascularization is feasible when performed by experienced laparoscopic surgeons and may offer safety comparable to that of the conventional laparoscopic operation.

Quasi-two-dimensional colloidal nanoplatelets (NPLs) have recently emerged as a class of semiconductor nanomaterials whose atomically precise monodisperse thicknesses give rise to narrow absorption and emission spectra. However, the sub-picosecond carrier dynamics of NPLs at the band edge remain largely unknown, despite their importance in determining the optoelectronic properties of these materials. Here, we use a combination of femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the early time carrier dynamics of CdSe/CdS core/shell NPLs. Band-selective probing reveals sub-picosecond Auger-mediated trapping of holes with an effective second-order rate constant of 3.5 ± 1.0 cm2/s. Concomitant spectral blue shifts that are indicative of Auger hole heating are found to occur on the same time scale as the sub-picosecond trapping dynamics, whereas spectral red shifts that emerge at low excitation densities furnish an electron-cooling time scale of 0.84...

The liver is a vascular-rich solid organ. Safe and effective dissection of the vessels and liver parenchyma, and control of intraoperative bleeding are the main concerns when performing liver resection. Several studies have confirmed that intraoperative blood loss and postoperative transfusion are predictors of postoperative morbidity and mortality in liver surgery. Various methods and instruments have been developed during hepatectomy. Stapling devices are crucial for safe and rapid anastomosis. They are used to divide hepatic veins and portal branches, and to transect liver parenchyma in open liver resection. In recent years, laparoscopic liver surgery has developed rapidly, and is now preferred by many surgeons. Stapling devices have also been gradually introduced in laparoscopic liver surgery, from dividing vascular and biliary structures to parenchymal transection. This may be because staplers make manipulation more simple, rapid and safe. Even in single incision laparoscopic surgery, which is recognized as a new minimally invasive technique, staplers are also utilized, especially in left lateral hepatectomy. For safe application of stapling devices in liver surgery, more related designs and modifications, such as application of a suitable laparoscopic articulating liver tissue crushing device, a staple line reinforcement technique with the absorbable polymer membrane or radiofrequency ablation assistance, are still needed. More randomized studies are needed to demonstrate the benefits and find broader indications for the use of stapling devices, to help expand their application in liver surgery.

The ultrafast carrier dynamics of CdSe/CdS core/shell colloidal nanoplatelets are investigated using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. We observed electron cooling, as well as Auger-mediated hole trapping and concomitant Auger heating on sub-picosecond timescales.

To compare the short-term outcomes of single-incision and conventional three-incision laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) at a single surgical unit.We conducted a retrospective study comparing the operative outcomes of two LA techniques between January 2009 and November 2010.LA was performed successfully in 44 patients: through a single incision in 27 patients and through three incisions in 17 patients. The time taken to resume oral intake was slightly less in the single-incision group than in the three-incision group, at 1.1 versus 1.5 days, respectively (P = 0.0419). However, blood loss and hospital stay were not significantly different, at 7.2 versus 6.4 ml (P = 0.6244) and 3.7 versus 3.8 days (P = 0.8565), respectively. The cosmetic result was better in the single-incision group, because of the well-concealed scar.Both single-incision and conventional LA are effective and minimally invasive, and should be performed according to the experience of the surgeon. Single-incision LA results in faster recovery, but larger studies are required to confirm this and to determine if these techniques can be used safely for all indications of appendectomy.

Objective. Single-incision laparoscopy surgery (SILS) has rapidly developed as both a cosmetic advantage of natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery and a standard surgical procedure. In this article, the authors report on the new technique of SILS splenectomy plus pericaudial devascularization with conventional laparoscopic instruments. Methods. The technique of SILS splenectomy plus pericaudial devascularization in one patient with portal hypertension was introduced. Results. The procedure was feasible with conventional laparoscopic instruments. Operative time was 240 minutes, and blood loss was 350 mL. No intraoperative or postoperative complications, such as secondary hemorrhage or pancreatic leakage, were recorded. The patient was fully recovered, and the single umbilical scar was well healed. Conclusion. SILS splenectomy plus pericaudial devascularization is feasible when performed by experienced laparoscopic surgeons. It may have the same cosmetic advantage as natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery and may offer the safety of conventional laparoscopic operation. As far as the authors are aware, this is the first report.

Background. Duodenum injury is extremely rare complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy with potentially fatal consequences.Methods. Over the past 13-year period, 3000 laparoscopic cholecystectomies were performed in our institution. Duodenum injury only occurred in one patient recently who had undergone gastrectomy owing to duodenal diverticulum. The diagnosis and management of this rare complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy are described, and the literature is reviewed.Results. We present this case of duodenum injury on the fourth postoperative day after selective laparoscopic cholecystectomy was treated successfully by percutaneous needle aspiration and catheter drainage. The hospital stay was 26 days. No abscess recurred during the follow-up period.Conclusion. Duodenum injuries are extremely rare complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy with potentially fatal consequences if not promptly recognized and treated. Sonographically guided percutaneous needle aspiration and catheter drainage can be used to treat the intraperitoneal abscess. Billroth II subtotal gastrectomy and gastrojejunostomy were beneficial for the treatment.

Choledochal cysts are congenital dilations of the biliary tree. The accepted mode of treatment is total excision with hepaticojejunostomy. In this retrospective study, we present our technique and results of laparoscopic choledochal cyst excisions.We retrospectively studied 45 patients who had undergone laparoscopic choledochal cyst excision in our institutes from September 2006 to August 2009. Data including age, gender, type of cyst, symptoms, surgical technique, conversion rate, morbidity, and mortality were analyzed.There were type Ic (cystic) choledochal cysts in 31 patients (68.9%) and type If (fusiform) in 14 patients (31.1%). An anomalous pancreaticobiliary duct junction union was found in 66.7%. Forty percent (18 out of 45) and 37.8% (17 out of 45) cases had stones within the cysts and gallbladders, respectively. The average size of the cysts was 40.3 +/- 16.9 cm(2). The mean operative time was 307.7 +/- 58.0 min, the estimated operative blood loss was 252.3 +/- 162.5 ml, and the conversion rate was 8.9%. The mean hospital stay was 8.3 +/- 3.2 days. The overall morbidity rate was 17.1%, the reoperation rate was zero, and the mortality rate was also zero.Totally, laparoscopic management of type I choledochal cysts, although technically challenging, is safe and feasible in experienced hands.

Optimization of quality of life is an important goal in the management of patients with unresectable peri-ampullary cancer. Herein, we share our two cases to demonstrate the feasibility of scarless transumbilical single-incision laparoscopic cholecystojejunostomy using conventional instruments in the management of unresectable peri-ampullary cancer.Two 58-year-old patients (one male) underwent transumbilical single-incision laparoscopic cholecystojejunostomies: The male and female patients were diagnosed with duodenal papillary carcinoma and pancreatic cancer, respectively. The hepatocystic junction was confirmed patent preoperatively in both patients. A 2-cm periumbilical incision was made for the placement of three trocars. Conventional rigid laparoscopic instruments were solely used throughout the procedure, and operative techniques were carried out in the same fashion as for conventional laparoscopic cholecystojejunostomy.The procedures were completed uneventfully in 190 and 155 min, respectively, with no complications, and the blood loss was estimated at 80 and 20 ml, respectively. Postoperative pain scores on postoperative day 1 were 4/10 and 3/10. The patients were discharged from the hospital on postoperative days 3 and 5 with resolving jaundice.Transumbilical single-incision laparoscopic cholecystojejunostomy appears to be a technically feasible alternative to standard laparoscopic procedure and can be performed using conventional laparoscopic instruments.

We systematically searched Medline and Cochrane Library and the related references occurred in the citations until February 2013 and included all the cases who suffered from gastric benign and malignant diseases where single incision laparoscopic surgery was performed. A total of 69 cases with gastric diseases undergoing SILS surgery were reviewed to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and potential benefits of SILS for the gastric diseases. Demographic data, morphologic characterisation of the lesion, and perioperative parameters were analyzed retrospectively. The initial experience with SILS for benign gastric diseases and early gastric cancer showed that it is feasible and safe when performed by experienced laparoscopic surgeons. Despite the limited number and technical difficulties it can be proposed in selected patients.

In this paper, the performance of a multichannel cognitive radio network (CRN) where each secondary user (SU) can assemble a constant number of primary channels is investigated. The effects of imperfect spectrum sensing (with false alarms and mis-detections) are taken into account and it is assumed that spectrum handover is enabled in the secondary network. A buffering mechanism is introduced to save blocked SU requests and interrupted SU services. An analytical model based on Continuous-time Markov chains (CTMC) is developed, and the system performance is evaluated in terms of throughput, blocking probability, and forced termination probability. Numerical results show that the buffer is able to significantly reduce the SU blocking probability while increasing its throughput.

A hemocholecyst (HC) is a clot-filled gallbladder caused by bleeding into its lumen. Obstructive jaundice caused by the compression of HC to the hilar biliary tract is likely to be misdiagnosed as cholangiocarcinoma and is extremely rare. We herein report a case of obstructive jaundice and melena caused by HC. A 57-year-old male patient presented with right upper quadrant pain associated with icteric sclera and melena was suspiciously diagnosed as having malignant cholangiocarcinmoa by abdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Laparotomy found a hematoma in the gallbladder. The hematoma spread to the left hepatic lobe forming an exogenous mass which compressed the hilar biliary tract. Radical cholecystectomy and bile duct exploration with T-tube drainage were performed. Histopathological examination revealed massive necrosis of the gallbladder mucosa with inflammatory cells infiltration as well as intraluminal hematoma formation. One month after operation, a T-tube cholangiography revealed a normal biliary tree. We suggest that HC should be considered in patients with obstructive jaundice and melena after common causes are ruled out.

The emergency observation room (EOR) in a Chinese hospital provides medium-term observation and treatment, as well holding patients who will be admitted to the wards. The operational pattern of the EOR lies between those of the outpatient and inpatient services. We developed a novel information system for the EOR to meet the specific requirements for issuing medication, which includes both order sheets and prescriptions, and tested it in a Grade 3 and Class A hospital. The system reduced the frequency of cashier interactions and the time taken for patients to access their medications, and also reduced the workloads of doctors and other staff members.