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OBJECTIVE Traumatic events (TE) are a risk factor for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Resilience may be protective of the effects of TE exposure, but few studies have longitudinally tested the buffering hypothesis. Thus, the present study aimed to fill this gap. METHOD Participants (N = 6,015) were from a longitudinal investigation into substance use and health outcomes at a large, urban university. Participants completed self-report measures on precollege internalizing symptoms and lifetime trauma load. Resilience was calculated as a quantitative variable. At each of the follow-up assessments, participants reported on past month consumption, AUD symptoms, and new onset TEs. Longitudinal path modeling was used to test interactions. RESULTS Higher new onset TE load was associated with greater AUD symptoms, and higher consumption at one time-point. Results demonstrate a significant main effect of resilience at Y1S and Y3S, and a significant interaction between resilience and new onset TE at the last time-point, whereby higher levels of new onset TE were associated with higher levels of AUD symptoms at low (β = .19, p < .001), and average (β = .20, p = .001) levels of resilience. This effect was attenuated at high levels of resilience (β = .07, p = .051). No significant main nor interaction effects of resilience on consumption were found. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest resilience as an important protective factor in relation to the development of AUD symptoms after exposure to a TE, though perhaps less so in relation to consumption. Findings are consistent with prior work demonstrating that AUD symptoms are more clinically relevant than consumption in this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Ecosystems are degrading world-wide, with severe ecological and economic consequences. Restoration is becoming an important tool to regain ecosystem services and preserve biodiversity. However, in harsh ecosystems dominated by habitat-modifying organisms, restoration is often expensive and failure prone. Establishment of such habitat modifiers often hinges on self-facilitation feedbacks generated by traits that emerge when individuals aggregate, causing density- or patch size-dependent establishment thresholds. To overcome these thresholds, adult or juvenile habitat-forming species are often transplanted in clumped designs, or stress-mitigating structures are deployed. However, current restoration approaches focus on introducing or facilitating a single life stage, while many habitat modifiers experience multiple bottlenecks throughout their life as they transition through sequential life stages. Here, we define and experimentally test ‘life cycle informed restoration’, a restoration concept that focuses on overcoming multiple bottlenecks throughout the target species’ lifetime. To provide proof of concept, and show its general applicability, we carried out complementary experiments in intertidal soft-sediment systems in Florida and the Netherlands where oysters and mussels act as reef-building habitat modifiers. We used biodegradable structures designed to facilitate bivalve reef recovery by both stimulating settlement with hard and fibrous substrates and post-settlement survival by reducing predation. Our trans-Atlantic experiments demonstrate that these structures enabled bivalve reef formation by: (a) facilitating larval recruitment via species-specific settlement substrates, and (b) enhancing post-settlement survival by lowering predation. In the Netherlands, structures with coir rope most strongly facilitated mussels by providing fibrous settlement substrate, and predation-lowering spatially complex hard attachment substrate. In Florida, oysters were greatly facilitated by hard substrates, while coir rope proved unbeneficial. Synthesis and applications. Our findings demonstrate that artificial biodegradable reefs can enhance bivalve reef restoration across the Atlantic by mimicking emergent traits that ameliorate multiple bottlenecks over the reef-forming organism’ life cycle. This highlights the potential of our approach as a cost-effective and practical tool for nature managers to restore systems dominated by habitat modifiers whose natural recovery is hampered by multiple life stage-dependent bottlenecks. Therefore, investment in understanding how to achieve life cycle informed restoration on larger scales and whether the method it is applicable to restore other ecosystems is now required.

Structural equation modeling (SEM) is being applied to ever more complex data types and questions, often requiring extensions such as regularization or novel fitting functions. To extend SEM, researchers currently need to completely reformulate SEM and its optimization algorithm–a challenging and time–consuming task. In this paper, we introduce the computation graph for SEM, and show that this approach can extend SEM without the need for bespoke software development. We show that both existing and novel SEM improvements follow naturally. To demonstrate, we introduce three SEM extensions: least absolute deviation estimation, Bayesian LASSO optimization, and sparse high–dimensional mediation analysis. We provide an implementation of SEM in PyTorch–popular software in the machine learning community–to accelerate development of structural equation models adequate for modern–day data and research questions.

Background: Health care workers have a critical role in the pandemic response to COVID-19 and may be at increased risk of infection. The objective of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies among health care workers during and after the first wave of the pandemic. Methods: We conducted a prospective multicentre cohort study involving health care workers in Ontario, Canada, to detect IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Blood samples and self-reported questionnaires were obtained at enrolment, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks. A community hospital, tertiary care pediatric hospital and a combined adult–pediatric academic health centre enrolled participants from Apr. 1 to Nov. 13, 2020. Predictors of seropositivity were evaluated using a multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for clustering by hospital site. Results: Among the 1062 health care workers participating, the median age was 40 years, and 834 (78.5%) were female. Overall, 57 (5.4%) were seropositive at any time point (2.5% when participants with prior infection confirmed by polymerase chain reaction testing were excluded). Seroprevalence was higher among those who had a known unprotected exposure to a patient with COVID-19 (p < 0.001) and those who had been contacted by public health because of a nonhospital exposure (p = 0.003). Providing direct care to patients with COVID-19 or working on a unit with a COVID-19 outbreak was not associated with higher seroprevalence. In multivariable logistic regression, presence of symptomatic contacts in the household was the strongest predictor of seropositivity (adjusted odds ratio 7.15, 95% confidence interval 5.42–9.41). Interpretation: Health care workers exposed to household risk factors were more likely to be seropositive than those not exposed, highlighting the need to emphasize the importance of public health measures both inside and outside of the hospital.

Background: Acquired narcolepsy has rarely been reported in veterinary medicine. Objective: To describe the presentation, clinicopathological features, diagnostic imaging findings, and management of dogs with suspected-acquired narcolepsy. Animals: Eight dogs with clinical features consistent with acquired narcolepsy. Methods: A call for suspected cases of acquired narcolepsy was made online, followed by a retrospective review of detailed medical records of potential cases. Dogs were included if episodes consistent with cataplexy were present during exami- nation by a board-certified veterinary neurologist and diagnostic work-up included magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. Results: Seven French Bulldogs and 1 Chihuahua (age range, 9-66 months) were included. Meningoencephalitis of unknown origin was diagnosed in 2 dogs, extracra- nial foci of inflammation were identified in 2 dogs (aspiration pneumonia, esophagitis, otitis media), and no abnormalities were found on diagnostic investigations in 4 dogs. Prednisolone was used in the management of all dogs, 6 dogs received imipramine, and 2 received cytosine arabinoside. An initial remission of signs was observed in all dogs, but a subsequent relapse of clinical signs was recorded for 4 dogs, of which 3 responded to adjustment or resumption of treatment. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The presence of cataplexy episodes should prompt a thorough diagnostic work-up to exclude the presence of intracranial (and extracranial) pathology. The potential for both remission and relapse of signs in suspected acquired cases is important for clinicians and owners to be aware of.

Aims Left ventricular assist device therapy has become the cornerstone in the treatment of end‐stage heart failure and is increasingly used as destination therapy next to bridge to transplant or recovery. HeartMate 3 (HM3) and HeartWare (HVAD) are centrifugal continuous flow devices implanted intrapericardially and most commonly used worldwide. No randomized controlled trials have been performed yet. Analysis based on large registries may be considered as the best alternative but has the disadvantage of different standard of care between centres and missing data. Bias is introduced, because the decision which device to use was not random, even more so because many centres use only one type of left ventricular assist device. Therefore, we performed a propensity score (PS)‐based analysis of long‐term clinical outcome of patients that received HM3 or HVAD in a single centre. Methods and results Between December 2010 and December 2019, 100 patients received HVAD and 81 patients HM3 as primary implantation at the University Medical Centre Utrecht. We performed PS matching with an extensive set of covariates, resulting in 112 matched patients with a median follow‐up of 28 months. After PS matching, survival was not significantly different (P = 0.21) but was better for HM3. The cumulative incidences for haemorrhagic stroke (P = 0.01) and pump thrombosis (P = 0.02) were significantly higher for HVAD patients. The cumulative incidences for major bleeding, ischaemic stroke, right heart failure, and driveline infection were not different between the groups. We found no interaction between the surgeon who performed the implantation and survival (P = 0.59, P = 0.78, and P = 0.89). Sensitivity analysis was performed, by PS matching without patients on preoperative temporary support resulting in 74 matched patients. This also resulted in a non‐significant difference in survival (P = 0.07). The PS‐adjusted Cox regression showed a worse but non‐significant (P = 0.10) survival for HVAD patients with hazard ratio 1.71 (95% confidence interval 0.91–3.24). Conclusions Survival was not significantly different between both groups after PS matching, but was better for HM3, with a significantly lower incidence of haemorrhagic stroke and pump thrombosis for HM3. These results need to be interpreted carefully, because matching may have introduced greater imbalance on unmeasured covariates. A multicentre approach of carefully selected centres is recommended to enlarge the number of matched patients.

Background and Objective:The behavior of COVID-19, clinical symptoms, and mortality rate are not the same in different regions. Due to lack of knowledge about the cited issues, we aimed to investigate the clinical symptoms, case fatality rate, and some risk factors of COVID-19. Materials and Methods:This longitudinal study was started from the late February 2020 and lasted to the mid-July 2020 in Jiroft, Kerman province, Iran. The course of the disease, clinical signs and symptoms, underlying diseases, patients' exposure history, travel history, adherence to health instructions, and the fatality rate of the disease were evaluated in the patients. The descriptive statistics and frequency were analyzed in different groups using IBM SPSS statistics version 20. Results:In this study, 2977 definitive cases of COVID-19 were detected using RT-PCR test. The frequent clinical symptoms were fever (45.2%), body aches and bruises (38.8%), and cough (36.4%), respectively. The fatality rate of the disease was 4%. Evaluation of the patients’ exposure history showed that almost 50% of the cases had no exposure. Among the studied individuals, 33% had the history of exposure to a definite COVID-19 case. Conclusion:Personal hygiene, social distancing, and use of face mask are of great importance in reducing the disease morbidity and mortality. Public awareness about COVID-19 should also be increased, especially in the elderly individuals with the history of underlying and chronic diseases. Keywords:Coronavirus,COVID-19,Epidemiology,Mortality,Patient

This article describes the process of design and simulation of a high-swing fully differential telescopic Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp). Due to the Common Gate-Common Source (CG and CS) cascode structure, the gain is very high. To maximize this gain, the load must also be selected such as two current sources. This circuit has the higher voltage in output than current Op-Amps in accordance with desirable characteristics. The loss of power of this operating amplifier are very low and in milliwatts. With use of a power supply of 1.8 V, it achieves a high-swing 1.2 V, a differential gain of 76.333 dB, ω_uGB of 412 MHz, and 50 dB CMRR. This new design through the simulations and analytically shows that the high-swing fully differential telescopic Op-Amp retains its high CMRR even at high frequencies.

Rare genetic neurological disorders (RND; ORPHA:71859) are a heterogeneous group of disorders comprising >1700 distinct genetic disease entities. However, genetic discoveries have not yet translated into dramatic increases of diagnostic yield and indeed rates of molecular genetic diagnoses have been stuck at about 30–50% across NGS modalities and RND phenotypes [1, 2]. Existence of yet unknown disease genes as well as shortcomings of commonly employed NGS technologies and analysis pipelines in detecting certain variant types are typically cited to explain the low diagnosis rates. To increase the diagnostic yield in RNDs - one of the four focus disease groups in Solve-RD - we follow two major approaches, that we will here present and exemplify: (i) systematic state-of the art re-analysis of large cohorts of unsolved whole-exome/genome sequencing (WES/WGS) RND datasets; and (ii) novel-omics approaches. Based on the way Solve-RD systematically organizes researchers’ expertise to channel this approach [3], the European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND) has established its own Data Interpretation Task Force (DITF) within SOLVE-RD, which is currently composed of clinical and genetic experts from 29 sites in 15 European countries. The Solve-RD project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 779257. Data were analysed using the RD‐Connect Genome‐Phenome Analysis Platform, which received funding from EU projects RD‐Connect, Solve-RD and EJP-RD (Grant Numbers FP7 305444, H2020 779257, H2020 825575), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Grant Numbers PT13/0001/0044, PT17/0009/0019; Instituto Nacional de Bioinformática, INB) and ELIXIR Implementation Studies. The study was further funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany, through the TreatHSP network (01GM1905 to RS and LS), the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (R01NS072248 to SZ and RS), the European Joint Program on Rare Diseases-EJP-RD COFUND-EJP N° 825575 through funding for the PROSPAX consortium (441409627 to MS, RS and BvW). CW was supported by the PATE program of the Medical Faculty, University of Tübingen. CEE received support from the Dutch Princess Beatrix Muscle Fund and the Dutch Spieren voor Spieren Muscle fund. Authors on this paper are members of the European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND, Project ID 739510)

Education and information seeking is pinnacle for patients with Long-Term Conditions (LTCs) like Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) to take ownership of health and disease and navigate healthcare between health sectors. Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) are key to help understand gaps in health education. Aims/ Objectives: 1) Involving patients between two support groups to help understand which topics and subjects are pertinent to CKD patients; 2) Involving patients to understand whether, retrospectively there has been an educational neglect in healthcare; and 3) To understand how healthcare and education for CKD patients could be more integrated. Methods: Two PPI workshops were implemented (May and June 2019) after reviewing NIHR INVOLVE best practice guidelines. Fourteen (14) topic tags were applied over 1-month (March and April 2020) between the Renal Patient Support Group (RPSG) (est.2009) and the Kidney Disease and Renal Support (KDARs) (est.2014) for Kids platforms. Ethics: Group disclaimers encouraged informed consent. GDPR (2018) guidelines were implemented to ensure best practice surrounding confidentiality and data protection. Results: Thematic Analysis was used to highlight findings, according to over-arching themes having used Nvivo-12 software to code and help understand where there are healthcare educational inefficiencies. Five themes were identified through this study including 1) Using Different Mediums to Collect Qualitative Data and Understanding Healthcare; 2) Reliability and Validity of using the Internet to Collect Data; 3) Healthcare, Patient and Public Involvement and Maintaining Confidentiality through Online Methods to collect Qualitative Data; 4) Advantages, Disadvantages and Limitations to Online Data Collection and Peer Support Groups and 5) Using Qualitative Methodology to Understand Educational Needs for CKD Patients. Discussion: Wider Allied Health Professionals (AHPs) could increasingly find themselves taking on roles, particularly where involvement is increasingly dependent bridging educational gaps and ‘alleviating misinformation’ through technology and ‘online spaces’. Conclusion: This is the first UK retrospective study that examines educational gaps between online paediatric and adult CKD patients close to two decades (16 years), and highlights where further PPI-focused research would help understand where healthcare requires investment

Primary Subject area Emergency Medicine - Paediatric Background While the management of febrile neutropenia in patients with cancer has clear, evidence-based guidelines, the management of previously healthy, immunocompetent children with a febrile illness and first episode of neutropenia is less understood. These patients are often similarly treated with empiric antibiotics and hospitalization despite studies demonstrating that this population, if they are well-appearing with a short history of neutropenia, is at low risk of serious bacterial infections. Therefore, less aggressive management should be considered in patients meeting low risk criteria. Objectives The aim of our quality improvement (QI) study was to decrease the number of unnecessary hospitalizations and empiric antibiotics prescribed by 50% over a 12-month period for otherwise healthy, well appearing patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with a first episode of febrile neutropenia. Design/Methods A team of stakeholders from Hematology, Infectious Disease, Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine was assembled. A review of the literature, peer institutions and local practices of managing febrile neutropenia in healthy children was performed. Using the Model for Improvement, a guideline for the management of healthy children with first episode of febrile neutropenia was developed and refined using PDSA cycles. In January 2020, the guideline was launched for clinical use in the ED. Education, targeted audit and feedback, pathway modifications, and reminders were used to address knowledge gaps and staff turnover. A family of measures was analyzed using run charts and statistical process control (SPC) methods. Results Eighteen months of baseline data identified nineteen low risk patients with 84% either hospitalized and/or received antibiotics. It was also uncovered that many patients were misdiagnosed with neutropenia by excluding bands from the absolute neutrophil count (ANC). After the first twelve months of the intervention, sixteen patients met low risk criteria. Hospitalization and/or antibiotics use for this population decreased to 25% and all blood cultures were negative. Recognition of true severe febrile neutropenia also improved. Forty-one patients had a neutrophil count < 0.5, but an ANC > 0.5. Hospitalization and/or antibiotics use for this population decreased from 52% to 10%. Conclusion Through a multi-faceted, multidisciplinary QI study, we improved resource stewardship and value-based care by reducing unnecessary hospitalizations and antibiotics in low risk patients with a first episode of febrile neutropenia. Next steps include iterations to the guideline to increase impact along with sustainability planning. This work can easily be adopted by other pediatric and community sites caring for children.

In southwestern Bangladesh, clean drinking water is scarce, since rainwater is only available during the monsoon, pond water is often bacteriologically polluted, and groundwater may exhibit high salinity and arsenic levels. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) might potentially provide safe drinking water by storing abundant freshwater from the wet season in aquifers for year-round use. Regional potential for MAR was determined by combining assessments of (1) social necessity for MAR by mapping areas with insufficient drinking water of acceptable quality; (2) regional technical suitability by determining the (a) impact of density-driven flow on freshwater recovery efficiency, and (b) vulnerability of recovered water to mixing with contaminated groundwater. These assessments were based on the largest groundwater quality dataset compiled to date in southwestern Bangladesh, which contains 3,716 salinity and 827 arsenic measurements. The results show there is some mismatch between social necessity and technical suitability. In some northern areas, necessity is low because good quality groundwater is present and hence, despite the high technical suitability, potential for MAR is reduced. In other northern areas, groundwater with unsafe arsenic levels or brackish groundwater is likely used for drinking. There, MAR is a technically suitable and safer option. In southern areas, where saline groundwater is widespread and people consume bacterially unsafe pond water, the high groundwater salinity calls for careful evaluation of MAR design, for which this study presents practical guidelines. The approach developed may be useful for mapping MAR potential based on social necessity and technical suitability in other saline deltas worldwide.

RATIONALE: Ischemia and subsequent reperfusion cause myocardial injury in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) reduces "ischemia-reperfusion injury" in various experimental animal models, but has not been evaluated in humans. This trial will examine the efficacy and safety of the H2S-donor sodium thiosulfate (STS) in patients presenting with a STEMI.STUDY DESIGN: The Groningen Intervention study for the Preservation of cardiac function with STS after STEMI (GIPS-IV) trial (NCT02899364) is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial, which will enroll 380 patients with a first STEMI. Patients receive STS 12.5 gram intravenously or matching placebo in addition to standard care immediately at arrival at the catheterization laboratory after providing consent. A second dose is administered 6 hours later at the coronary care unit. The primary endpoint is myocardial infarct size as quantified by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging 4 months after randomization. Secondary endpoints include the effect of STS on peak CK-MB during admission and left ventricular ejection fraction and NT-proBNP levels at 4 months follow-up. Patients will be followed-up for 2 years to assess clinical endpoints.CONCLUSIONS: The GIPS-IV trial is the first study to determine the effect of a H2S-donor on myocardial infarct size in patients presenting with STEMI.

CONTEXT As elsewhere in Western Europe, large scale intensive agriculture dominates the landscape of the Netherlands. Grassland for dairy production occupies more than a quarter of its land surface. The high production intensity on conventionally farmed grassland leads to poor habitat quality, resulting in sharp declines in bird and insect numbers. Nature-inclusive agriculture (NIA) comprises innovations in farm management, technology and resource use that have the potential to address farmland biodiversity decline, but few Dutch farmers implement these. OBJECTIVE We aim to analyze the adoption of NIA practices in the Dutch dairy sector. Specifically, we study the influence of the dominant agri-food regime on the innovation system for NIA. METHODS Innovation Systems Analysis was performed to identify the various structural barriers which hinder adoption. Our study used a multi-method design in which data on NIA in the Dutch dairy sector was collected via a literature study, four workshops and a focus group discussion. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We identified five key blocking mechanisms that hinder adoption of nature-inclusive agriculture in the Dutch dairy sector: (1) insufficient economic incentives for farmers, (2) limited action perspective of many dairy farmers in the Netherlands, (3) lack of a concrete and shared vision for NIA, (4) lack of NIA-specific and integral knowledge and (5) regime resistance, which moreover is connected to each of the previous blocking mechanisms. Our analysis shows that one of the empirical novelties of this paper is that these blocking mechanisms are strongly interlinked in the Dutch dairy sector, thereby perpetuating a situation of lock-in. We conclude that in order to accelerate adoption of nature-inclusive farming practices, problems need to be addressed in conjunction with one another, and therefore holistic approaches are key. A second important conclusion is that in order to foster growth of the innovation system around NIA, the focus should not only be on innovation, but also on transforming current regimes, in particular the currently dominant economic paradigms of growth and yield maximization. SIGNIFICANCE By unraveling strongly interlinked blocking mechanisms, this paper provides intervention points to accelerate the transition towards NIA in the Netherlands. These intervention points are not only located within the innovation system, but should preferable be sought for in the broader structures and institutions of the dominant agri-food regime.

Due to the increasing incidence of gluten intolerance, researchers are focusing on finding ways to eliminate immunotoxicity of wheat, this would allow the use of wheat products for gluten-intolerant consumers. The article reviews recent studies on biotechnological methods to eliminate and reduce the immunogenicity of wheat products. So far, many gluten removal methods have been proposed, but their efficacy levels were quite different. Enzymatic treatment of gluten fragments can be considered the simplest and non-invasive tool to eliminate the toxicity of gliadins and glutenins. For this purpose, various endogenous enzymes derived from cereals, and also those of bacterial, fungal, plant, and animal origin can be used in food processing. Some of the enzymes hydrolyze gluten, others block the action of toxic protein fragments. The majority of studies were carried out using lactic acid bacteria cultures, as single strains or in consortia. Satisfactory results have been achieved using bacterial and plant enzymes, but the complete elimination of gluten immunogenicity is still possible by using fungal proteases, engineered enzymes or combining several treatments, for example, by using lactic acid fermentation or germination with fungal proteases. However, the question of how degradation of gluten affects the quality of flour (dough) in practice remains unanswered. It is not clear whether the products of such wheat flour are better and safer than those made from starches and whether their price and quality are acceptable to consumers. The insights presented in this review will be helpful to other researchers and cereal-based food producers in choosing ways to reduce gluten immunogenicity.

OBJECTIVES: It was aimed to demonstrate the applicability of the prone position with high-flow oxygen to COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory failure in the service in September when the number of cases and the need for intensive care were increased. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The prone position was applied for a minimum of 30-minute periods for at least four hours a day. The patients' oxygen saturation levels and respiration rates were monitored before and 30 minutes after prone positioning. RESULTS: Ten patients, nine males (9/1, M/F), were included in the study. Mean oxygen saturation at baseline was 75.8±12.14 (min: 50 %; max: 90 %) and all patients had high oxygen demand. The oxygen saturation of the patients differed significantly before and after (83.4±6.38 %; 90±5.31 %, p

In this study, the presence of antibiotics (ANB) residues was evaluated in poultry meat purchased from German and Lithuanian markets. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of thirteen lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains, two essential oils (EOs) (Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare L.), and their compositions were tested for the purpose of inhibiting antibiotic-resistant Salmonella spp. ANB residues were found in 3 out of the 20 analysed poultry meat samples: sample No. 8 contained enrofloxacin (0.46 μg/kg), sample No. 14 contained both enrofloxacin and doxycycline (0.05 and 16.8 μg/kg, respectively), and sample No. 18 contained enrofloxacin (2.06 μg/kg). The maximum residue limits (MRLs) for the sum of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin and for doxycycline in poultry muscle are 100 μg/kg. Finally, none of the tested poultry meat samples exceeded the suggested MRLs, however, the issue of ANB residues still requires monitoring of the poultry industry in Germany, Poland, and Lithuania, despite the currently established low ANB concentrations. These findings can be explained by the increased use of alternatives to ANB in the poultry industry. Our results showed that an effective alternative to ANB, which can help to reduce the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant salmonella, is a composition containing 1.0% of thyme EO and the following LAB strains: Lactobacillus plantrum LUHS122, Enteroccocus pseudoavium LUHS242, Lactobacillus casei LUHS210, Lactobacillus paracasei LUHS244, Lactobacillus plantarum LUHS135, Lactobacillus coryniformins LUHS71, and Lactobacillus uvarum LUHS245, which can be recommended for poultry industry as components of feed or for the treatment of surfaces, in order to control the contamination with Salmonella strains. However, it should be mentioned that most of the tested LAB strains were inhibited by thyme EO at the concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0%, except for LUHS122, LUHS210, and LUHS245. Finally, it can be noted that the agents responsible for the inhibitory effect on Salmonella are not the viable LAB strains but rather their metabolites, and further studies are needed to identify which metabolites are the most important.

Many people in African countries derive their livelihoods from agriculture. Therefore, unfavourable environmental and climatic conditions render them more vulnerable to increasing food insecurity and poverty rates. However, few studies have investigated how farmers’ adaptation strategies affect farm productivity and household food security in the Sahelian region, notably Mali. We analyse factors that influence adaptation strategies to climate change and the impacts of the adaptation strategies on maize productivity and household food security in southern Mali. Farmers use adaptation strategies such as organic fertilizers, changing planting dates and growing of short duration maize varieties to mitigate against the negative effects of climate change. We find that farmer experience, number of livestock owned, off-farm employment, access to credit, farmer association and technical training exert positive effects on the use of planting short-duration maize varieties as an adaptation strategy, while distance to the farm shows a negative effect. We observe that household size, experience in maize farming, number of livestock owned and technical training positively influence farmers to change planting dates as an adaptation strategy. The use of organic fertilizers and short-duration maize varieties promote maize productivity and food security. We conclude that building farmers’ adaptive capacity tends to reduce their vulnerability to climate change by increasing crop yields and food security., CGIAR Fund

Focal cartilaginous and osteochondral lesions can have traumatic or chondropathic degenerative origin. The fibrocartilaginous repair tissue that forms naturally, eventually undergoes fibrillation and degeneration leading to further disruption of joint homeostasis. Both types of lesion will therefore eventually lead to activity‐related pain, swelling and decreased mobility and will frequently progress to osteoarthritis. Most attempts at realising cartilage regeneration have so far resulted in cartilage repair (and not regeneration). The aim of this article was to review experimental research on surgical cartilage restoration techniques performed so far in equine models. Currently available surgical options for treatment of osteochondral lesions in the horse are summarised. The experimental validity of equine experimental models is addressed and finally possible avenues for further research are discussed.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text., Objectives: The focus of this study is the classification accuracy of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for the detection of cognitive impairment (CI). Classification accuracy can be low when the prevalence of CI is either high or low in a clinical sample. A more robust result can be expected when avoiding the range of test scores within which most classification errors are expected, with adequate predictive values for more clinical settings. Methods: The classification methods have been applied to the MoCA data of 5019 patients in the Uniform Data Set of the University of Washington’s National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center, to which 30 Alzheimer Disease Centers (ADCs) contributed. Results: The ADCs show sample prevalence of CI varying from 0.22 to 0.87. Applying an optimal cutoff score of 23, the MoCA showed for only 3 of 30 ADCs both a positive predictive value (PPV) and a negative predictive value (NPV) ≥0.8, and in 18 cases, a PPV ≥0.8 and for 13 an NPV ≥0.8. Overall, the test scores between 22 and 25 have low odds of true against false decisions of 1.14 and contains 55.3% of all errors when applying the optimal dichotomous cut-point. Excluding the range 22 to 25 offers higher classification accuracies for the samples of the individual ADCs. Sixteen of 30 ADCs showed both NPV and PPV ≥0.8, 25 show a PPV ≥0.8, and 21 show an NPV ≥0.8. Conclusion: In comparison to a dichotomous threshold, considering the most error-prone test scores as uncertain enables a classification that offers adequate classification accuracies in a larger number of clinical settings.

Outliers are promising candidates for theory building because they defy expected cause-and-effect relationships. Nonetheless, researchers often treat them as a nuisance and exclude them from further study. In fact, our analysis founds only two article using outliers for theory development in all quantitative articles published from 1993 to 2012 in six major management journals, and less than 5% cared to even mention them (relaying reasons for deleting them, mostly). To rectify this, we provide a roadmap for empirical researchers interested in theory building.

In a rapidly changing world, quantifying ecosystem resilience is an important challenge. Historically, resilience has been defined via models that do not take spatial effects into account. These systems can only adapt via uniform adjustments. In reality, however, the response is not necessarily uniform, and can lead to the formation of (self‐organised) spatial patterns – typically localised vegetation patches. Classical measures of resilience cannot capture the emerging dynamics in spatially self‐organised systems, including transitions between patterned states that have limited impact on ecosystem structure and productivity. We present a framework of interlinked phase portraits that appropriately quantifies the resilience of patterned states, which depends on the number of patches, the distances between them and environmental conditions. We show how classical resilience concepts fail to distinguish between small and large pattern transitions, and find that the variance in interpatch distances provides a suitable indicator for the type of imminent transition. Subsequently, we describe the dependency of ecosystem degradation based on the rate of climatic change: slow change leads to sporadic, large transitions, whereas fast change causes a rapid sequence of smaller transitions. Finally, we discuss how pre‐emptive removal of patches can minimise productivity losses during pattern transitions, constituting a viable conservation strategy., Classical measures of resilience cannot capture the emerging dynamics in spatially self‐organized, patterned systems, including transitions between patterned states that have limited impact on ecosystem structure and productivity. To complement these classical concepts, we present a framework of interlinked phase portraits that appropriately quantifies the resilience of patterned states, which depends on the number of patches, the distances between them and environmental conditions.

The use of solar photovoltaic has strongly increased in the last decade. A significant part of this growth comes from home owners installing rooftop photovoltaic. Despite this key role, most long-term model-based scenarios do not consider decentralized supply of rooftop photovoltaic but concentrate on utility-scale photovoltaic instead. In this paper, we implement rooftop photovoltaic in the Integrated Assessment Model IMAGE to study its possible role in energy and climate scenarios. We first calculated the global technical and economic potential to derive regional cost-supply curves for rooftop photovoltaic. Next, we have added a new decision in the IMAGE model allowing household investment in rooftop photovoltaic based on the comparison of the whole-sale electricity price with the price of rooftop photovoltaic. The global suitable roof surface area was assessed at 36 billion m2, or 4.7 m2 capita−1, leading to a potential for rooftop photovoltaic of 8.3 PWh y−1, roughly 1.5 times the 2015 global residential electricity demand. In the baseline scenario, adding rooftop photovoltaic could lead to a 80–280% increased share of photovoltaic electricity production in 2050 (i.e. from 6% to 17% in total power production). This increase depends on regional characteristics that are essential to the deployment of rooftop photovoltaic: differences in social-economic and policy factors (capital costs, household income, and electricity prices) are considerably more important than physical factors, such as solar irradiance.

The study was conducted on randomly selected 65 type 2 diabetic patients attending the diabetes mellitus center in Al-Sadder Teaching City in Al- Najaf province , Iraq and a group of 24 apparently healthy subjects were included as a control group . The Study was carried out from August 2013 to February 2014.The patients' age was ranging of 35 to 64 years old.The results indicated a significant increase (p0.05) in serum HDL-C level in diabetic patients in comparing with healthy groups. The results have been shown significant positive correlation (P

Introduction: Children are frequent international travelers and may acquire serious infectious diseases during travel. We undertook a retrospective 10-year review examining children admitted to hospital with infectious diseases associated with international travel at a Canadian tertiary care pediatric hospital. Methods: Retrospective chart review was performed on select travel-related infectious diseases in children ranging in age from birth to

The idea of blockchains technology (BT) in the Internet of Things (IoT) is to allow the physical things to trust in the transactions held within the IoT network. The BT is a distributed, decentralized, publicly shared its digital ledger and secured technology to eternally record the transactions across the shared database. The BT in IoT can be called Trust Machine to eliminate the intermediates and enables the physical things to trust with each other. This research evaluates the performance of BT in IoT. The simulated results are tested and can be used in the sustainable development of the integration of BT and IoT.

The combination of big data and artificial intelligence (AI) is having an increasing impact on the field of electrophysiology. Algorithms are created to improve the automated diagnosis of clinical ECGs or ambulatory rhythm devices. Furthermore, the use of AI during invasive electrophysiological studies or combining several diagnostic modalities into AI algorithms to aid diagnostics are being investigated. However, the clinical performance and applicability of created algorithms are yet unknown. In this narrative review, opportunities and threats of AI in the field of electrophysiology are described, mainly focusing on ECGs. Current opportunities are discussed with their potential clinical benefits as well as the challenges. Challenges in data acquisition, model performance, (external) validity, clinical implementation, algorithm interpretation as well as the ethical aspects of AI research are discussed. This article aims to guide clinicians in the evaluation of new AI applications for electrophysiology before their clinical implementation.

Mostly communication now days is done through SoC (system on chip) models so, NoC (network on chip) architecture is most appropriate solution for better performance. However, one of major flaws in this architecture is power consumption. To gain high performance through this type of architecture it is necessary to confirm power consumption while designing this. Use of power should be diminished in every region of network chip architecture. Lasting power consumption can be lessened by reaching alterations in network routers and other devices used to form that network. This research mainly focusses on state-of-the-art methods for designing NoC architecture and techniques to reduce power consumption in those architectures like, network architecture, network links between nodes, network design, and routers.

Purpose This study explored the individual trajectories of health-related quality of life (HRQL) compared to recalled pre-burn level of HRQL and investigated whether burn severity and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms increase the risk of not returning to pre-burn level of HRQL. Methods Data were obtained from 309 adult patients with burns in a multicenter study. Patients completed the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire with a Cognition bolt-on shortly after hospital admission, which included a recalled pre-injury measure, and, again, at 3, 6, 12 and 18 months post-burn. Burn severity was indicated by the number of surgeries, and PTSD symptoms were assessed with the IES-R at three months post-burn. Pre- and post-injury HRQL were compared to norm populations. Results Recalled pre-injury HRQL was higher than population norms and HRQL at 18 months post-burn was comparable to population norms. Compared to the pre-injury level of functioning, four HRQL patterns of change over time were established: Stable, Recovery, Deterioration, and Growth. In each HRQL domain, a subset of patients did not return to their recalled pre-injury levels, especially with regard to Pain, Anxiety/Depression, and Cognition. Patients with more severe burns or PTSD symptoms were less likely to return to pre-injury level of functioning within 18 months post-burn. Conclusion This study identified four patterns of individual change. Patients with more severe injuries and PTSD symptoms were more at risk of not returning to their recalled pre-injury HRQL. This study supports the face validity of using a recalled pre-burn HRQL score as a reference point to monitor HRQL after burns.

Network analysis of ESM data has become popular in clinical psychology. In this approach, discrete-time (DT) vector auto-regressive (VAR) models define the network structure with centrality measures used to identify intervention targets. However, VAR models suffer from time-interval dependency. Continuous-time (CT) models have been suggested as an alternative but require a conceptual shift, implying that DT-VAR parameters reflect total rather than direct effects. In this paper, we propose and illustrate a CT network approach using CT-VAR models. We define a new network representation and develop centrality measures which inform intervention targeting. This methodology is illustrated with an ESM dataset.

Precipitation recycling is essential to sustaining regional ecosystems and water supplies, and it is impacted by land development and climate change. This is especially true in the tropics, where dense vegetation greatly influences recycling. Unfortunately, large-scale models of recycling often exhibit high uncertainty, complicating efforts to estimate recycling. Here, we examine how deuterium excess (d-excess), a stable-isotope quantity sensitive to recycling effects, acts as an observational proxy for recycling. While past studies have connected variability in d-excess to precipitation origins at local or regional scales, our study leverages >3000 precipitation isotope samples to quantitatively compare d-excess against three contemporary recycling models across the global tropics. Using rank-correlation, we find statistically significant agreement ($$\bar \tau = 0.52$$ τ ¯ = 0.52 to $$0.70$$ 0.70 ) between tropical d-excess and recycling that is strongly mediated by seasonal precipitation, vegetation density, and scale mismatch. Our results detail the complex relationship between d-excess and precipitation recycling, suggesting avenues for further investigation.

Background Few studies have assessed the use of dietary supplements, anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) and selective androgen receptor modulators (SARM) in male gym users. The comparison of physical appearance with others on social media and the exposure to fitness-related content on social media (i.e., image-centric social media use) may have a profound role in using these compounds due to its role in creating negative body images in male gym users. Objective Provide contemporary data on the use of dietary supplements, AAS and SARM among young male gym users, and test the hypothesis that social media is associated with the use of dietary supplements, AAS and SARM, as a result of a negative body image. Methods In this cross-sectional study, conducted in the Netherlands, male gym users (N = 2269; 24 ± 6 years) completed an online questionnaire including self-reported measures regarding resistance training participation, image-centric social media use, dietary supplement intake, and body image. The prevalence of AAS and SARM use was assessed with randomized response, a technique to ask sensitive questions indirectly. Results Of all participants, 83% used ergogenic dietary supplements (mainly protein and creatine), and an estimated 9 versus 2.7% had ever used AAS versus SARM. Image-centric social media use was positively associated with the use of dietary supplements (r = .26; p p r = .34; p Conclusions The use of dietary supplements in young male gym users is exorbitant, with the use of AAS and SARM being substantial. Image-centric social media use is positively associated with the use of dietary supplements and AAS.

In the present study it is investigated whether students enrolled in different academic fields of study have differing personality traits (i.e., conscientiousness and openness) and whether the relationship between these traits and academic achievement differs by academic field. Using Structural Equation Modeling on data from a large sample of university students, this study examined to what extent students' levels of conscientiousness and openness differ by academic field and whether these personality traits have differential predictive value for academic achievement for students in different academic fields. We found that students who are more open to experience and less conscientious are more likely to enroll in a program in the academic field of arts/humanities than in another field. There were no differences in the predictive value of these personality traits for academic achievement by academic field when controlling for prior performance in high school. These findings emphasize the general effectiveness of conscientiousness in explaining academic achievement and also call for the consideration of academic fields or college majors in personality research. Besides having theoretical implications, these findings have practical implications for higher education.

The popularity and use of Bayesian methods have increased across many research domains. The current article demonstrates how some less familiar Bayesian methods can be used. Specifically, we applied expert elicitation, testing for prior-data conflicts, the Bayesian Truth Serum, and testing for replication effects via Bayes Factors in a series of four studies investigating the use of questionable research practices (QRPs). Scientifically fraudulent or unethical research practices have caused quite a stir in academia and beyond. Improving science starts with educating Ph.D. candidates: the scholars of tomorrow. In four studies concerning 765 Ph.D. candidates, we investigate whether Ph.D. candidates can differentiate between ethical and unethical or even fraudulent research practices. We probed the Ph.D.s’ willingness to publish research from such practices and tested whether this is influenced by (un)ethical behavior pressure from supervisors or peers. Furthermore, 36 academic leaders (deans, vice-deans, and heads of research) were interviewed and asked to predict what Ph.D.s would answer for different vignettes. Our study shows, and replicates, that some Ph.D. candidates are willing to publish results deriving from even blatant fraudulent behavior–data fabrication. Additionally, some academic leaders underestimated this behavior, which is alarming. Academic leaders have to keep in mind that Ph.D. candidates can be under more pressure than they realize and might be susceptible to using QRPs. As an inspiring example and to encourage others to make their Bayesian work reproducible, we published data, annotated scripts, and detailed output on the Open Science Framework (OSF).

Synthetic datasets simultaneously allow for the dissemination of research data while protecting the privacy and confidentiality of respondents. Generating and analyzing synthetic datasets is straightforward, yet, a synthetic data analysis pipeline is seldom adopted by applied researchers. We outline a simple procedure for generating and analyzing synthetic datasets with the multiple imputation software mice (Version 3.13.15) in R. We demonstrate through simulations that the analysis results obtained on synthetic data yield unbiased and valid inferences and lead to synthetic records that cannot be distinguished from the true data records. The ease of use when synthesizing data with mice along with the validity of inferences obtained through this procedure opens up a wealth of possibilities for data dissemination and further research on initially private data.

Background and Aims Patients with glycogen storage disease type 1a (GSD-1a) primarily present with life-threatening hypoglycemia and display severe liver disease characterized by hepatomegaly. Despite strict dietary management, long-term complications still occur, such as liver tumor development. Variations in residual glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC1) activity likely contribute to phenotypic heterogeneity in biochemical symptoms and complications between patients. However, lack of insight into the relationship between G6PC1 activity and symptoms/complications and poor understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms pose major challenges to provide optimal health care and quality of life for GSD-1a patients. Currently available GSD-1a animal models are not suitable to systematically investigate the relationship between hepatic G6PC activity and phenotypic heterogeneity or the contribution of gene-gene interactions (GGIs) in the liver. Approach and Results To meet these needs, we generated and characterized a hepatocyte-specific GSD-1a mouse model using somatic CRISPR/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated gene editing. Hepatic G6pc editing reduced hepatic G6PC activity up to 98% and resulted in failure to thrive, fasting hypoglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hepatomegaly, hepatic steatosis (HS), and increased liver tumor incidence. This approach was furthermore successful in simultaneously modulating hepatic G6PC and carbohydrate response element-binding protein, a transcription factor that is activated in GSD-1a and protects against HS under these conditions. Importantly, it also allowed for the modeling of a spectrum of GSD-1a phenotypes in terms of hepatic G6PC activity, fasting hypoglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hepatomegaly and HS. Conclusions In conclusion, we show that somatic CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing allows for the modeling of a spectrum of hepatocyte-borne GSD-1a disease symptoms in mice and to efficiently study GGIs in the liver. This approach opens perspectives for translational research and will likely contribute to personalized treatments for GSD-1a and other genetic liver diseases.

BackgroundThe aetiology of keratoconus (KC) remains poorly understood. KC has typically been described as a non-inflammatory disorder of the cornea. Nonetheless, there is increasing presumptive evidence for the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of KC.AimTo evaluate the association between KC and immune-mediated diseases on a population level. We hypothesise that KC is immune-mediated rather than a predominantly degenerative disease.MethodsData were obtained from the largest health insurance provider in the Netherlands. Dutch residents are obligatorily insured. The data contained all medical claims and sociodemographic characteristics from all KC patients plus all those data from a 1:6 age-matched and sex-matched control group. The primary outcome was the association between KC and immune-mediated diseases, as assessed by conditional logistic regression.ResultsBased on our analysis of 2051 KC cases and 12 306 matched controls, we identified novel associations between KC and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (OR=2.89; 95% CI: 1.41 to 5.94) and inflammatory skin conditions (OR=2.20; 95% CI: 1.37 to 3.53). We confirmed known associations between KC and atopic conditions, including allergic rash (OR=3.00; 95% CI: 1.03 to 8.79), asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (OR=2.51; 95% CI: 1.63 to 3.84), and allergic rhinitis (OR=2.20; 95% CI: 1.39 to 3.49).ConclusionKeratoconus appears positively associated with multiple immune-mediated diseases, which provides a population-based argument that systemic inflammatory responses may influence its onset. The identification of these particular diseases might shed light on potential comparable pathways through which this proinflammatory state is achieved, paving the way for pharmacological treatment strategies.

Objective:In this study, we aimed to capture perspectives of healthcare workers (HCWs) on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and infection prevention and control (IPAC) measures implemented during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.Design:A cross-sectional survey of HCWs.Participants:HCWs from the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.Intervention:A self-administered survey was distributed to HCWs. We analyzed factors influencing HCW knowledge and self-reported use of personal protective equipment (PPE), concerns about contracting COVID-19 and acceptance of the recommended IPAC precautions for COVID-19.Results:In total, 175 HCWs completed the survey between March 6 and March 10: 35 staff physicians (20%), 24 residents or fellows (14%), 72 nurses (41%), 14 respiratory therapists (8%), 14 administration staff (8%), and 14 other employees (8%). Most of the respondents were from the emergency department (n = 58, 33%) and the intensive care unit (n = 58, 33%). Only 86 respondents (50%) identified the correct donning order; only 60 (35%) identified the correct doffing order; but the majority (n = 113, 70%) indicated the need to wash their hands immediately prior to removal of their mask and eye protection. Also, 91 (54%) respondents felt comfortable with recommendations for droplet and/or contact precautions for routine care of patients with COVID-19. HCW occupation and concerns about contracting COVID-19 outside work were associated with nonacceptance of the recommendations (P= .016 andP= .036 respectively).Conclusion:As part of their pandemic response plans, healthcare institutions should have ongoing training for HCWs that focus on appropriate PPE doffing and discussions around modes of transmission of COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: Unprecedented demand for N95 respirators during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a global shortage of these masks. We validated a rapidly applicable, low-cost decontamination protocol in compliance with regulatory standards to enable the safe reuse of N95 respirators. METHODS: We inoculated 4 common models of N95 respirators with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and evaluated viral inactivation after disinfection for 60 minutes at 70°C and 0% relative humidity. Similarly, we evaluated thermal disinfection at 0% to 70% relative humidity for masks inoculated with Escherichia coli. We assessed masks subjected to multiple cycles of thermal disinfection for structural integrity using scanning electron microscopy and for protective functions using standards of the United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health for particle filtration efficiency, breathing resistance and respirator fit. RESULTS: A single heat treatment rendered SARS-CoV-2 undetectable in all mask samples. Compared with untreated inoculated control masks, E. coli cultures at 24 hours were virtually undetectable from masks treated at 70°C and 50% relative humidity (optical density at 600 nm wavelength, 0.02 ± 0.02 v. 2.77 ± 0.09, p < 0.001), but contamination persisted for masks treated at lower relative humidity. After 10 disinfection cycles, masks maintained fibre diameters similar to untreated masks and continued to meet standards for fit, filtration efficiency and breathing resistance. INTERPRETATION: Thermal disinfection successfully decontaminated N95 respirators without impairing structural integrity or function. This process could be used in hospitals and long-term care facilities with commonly available equipment to mitigate the depletion of N95 masks.

Three (3) female (rumen-cannulated goats) weighting 27.33±1.53 kg were housed in individual elevated metabolism stalls provided with 30% concentrate in the morning based on feed requirements (3% of their body weight (BW) dry matter (DM) basis) of the animals. Ad libitum feeding of napier grass follows thereafter. Clean drinking water were made available all the times in the respective animal watering troughs. All data were collected sequentially in every cycle of the study. There were 7 days lag period in every cycle for the animals to return to each natural state. On the 8 th day of every cycle animals were given different dietary treatment. Voluntary feed intakes were recorded for 3 days. This was done on the 11th to 13th day of feeding trial (3 days after treatment). The following were data collected, daily roughage dry matter intake (g/ kg metabolic body weight), daily concentrate feed intake (g DM/kg MBW) and daily total feed dry matter intake (g DM/ kg MBW). All data collected showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) among treatment means was observed. This implies that supplementing 3 to 5% dietary fats from two different sources (VCO and Lard) in ruminant diet do not influence the roughage, concentrate and total feed intake of mature female goats.

This article aims at showing how Mtwa, Ngema, and Simon’s play Woza Albert (1981) presents identity as performative, not fixed and static. I argue that the play helps deconstruct the idea that identity is given. As the contact with oppression generates different reactions and, therefore, different possibilities and multiple layers of identity, this play offers new alternatives for understanding Black identity rather than racialized categories of black and white. These alternatives are achieved through dramatic actions as well as through the existential transformational moments that take place throughout the performance. The play emphasizes the idea that there is a possibility for the Black identity to exist beyond racist categories through highlighting the importance of being human and achieving oneself. Therefore, the play profoundly presents socio-political and racial-existential dimensions that help concretize and universalize Black identity. Keywords: Woza Albert, performativity, identity construction, Blackness, Apartheid

This research aims to examine the ownership on Islamic economic and the ownership stock effect on firm performance and the moderating influence of independent commissioner on the connection between ownership stock and firm performance. Indicator of ownership stock studied was the ownership stock of the president director in the company. The firm performance studied by the calculation of Price per Earning Ratio. Then, the intended independent commissioners are the percentage of independent commissioners who are on the company's board of commissioners.This research uses qualitaitive method based on Islamic economic literature and quantitative methods basedon secondary data. Secondary data in this research are the financial report from firms that take the floor on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This investigation uses a population that is listed firms on Indonesian Sharia Stock Index (ISSI). Subsequently, the sample is filtered using purposive sampling techniques with the criteria of listed firms on Indonesia Stock Exchange and has the data needed in this investigation. As a result, the samples obtained were 296 companies. This research uses regression analysis with individual parameter significant test (t-test).Hypothesis testing results indicate that Sharia company ownershipis in accordance with Islamic economic perspective studies, and ownership stock with the indicator of ownership of the president director has an impact on firm performance with Price per Earning Ratio’s indicator, and independent commissioners based on the proportion of independent commissioners on the board of commissioners moderate the correlation between ownership stock and firm performance. Keywords: Ownership Stock, Firm Performance, and Independent Commissioners.

The rapid growth of Wireless Networking and MEMS augmented the human lifestyle. The combination of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) with Artificial Intelligence (AI) payed way to development of enormous application which can think like human and predict better results. Nowadays, AI assisted WSN applications are used in many places like border security, traffic monitoring and management, automated vehicles and much more which helps and saves human life. However, the possibility of adverse attacks on sensor nodes are also increasing. There are several reports on malicious intrusions and data leakage in WSN due to poor security mechanism. In this proposal, a novel Trust based Routing solution is proposed with the employment of ANFIS and NN with Trust algorithm. The experimental results of ATE protocol has proven that the protocol secure the WSN with higher lifetime and confidential data forwarding.

Background: various emotions are implicated in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Longitudinal studies examining temporal associations between emotions and posttraumatic stress may reveal who is at risk of chronic psychological problems. This study examined the longitudinal relationships of mothers’ trauma-related emotions with posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms after pediatric burn injury.Methods: data from two cohort studies were used (n = 296). Mothers reported the intensity of burn-related emotions within the first month (T1) and 12 months postburn (T2). The Impact of Event Scale (IES) and the Hospital and Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS-D; depression subscale) were administered at T1 and 18 months postburn (T3).Results: based on two exploratory factor analyses, emotion variables were combined into acute and long-term basic emotions (fear, sadness, horror, anger) and self-conscious emotions (guilt, shame). The path model showed a positive relationship between acute and long-term basic emotions. Higher long-term basic emotions were related to persistence of posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms. Acute self-conscious emotions showed associations with posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms at T1 and were longitudinally related to depressive, but not posttraumatic stress, symptoms.Limitations: the posttraumatic stress measure was not based on DSM-5 PTSD criteria and results require replication using these criteria.Conclusions: this study suggests that mothers’ acute self-conscious and long-term basic emotions in relation to their child's burn injury are involved in the development of posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms. Clinically, assessing and monitoring parents’ early posttraumatic stress, depressive symptoms and burn-related emotions may be useful to identify parents at risk.

Modern educational systems have changed drastically bringing in knowledge anywhere as needed by the learner with the evolution of Internet. Availability of knowledge in public domain, capability of exchanging large amount of information and filtering relevant information quickly has enabled disruption to conventional educational system. Thus, future trends are looking towards E-Learning (Electronic Learning) and M-Learning (Mobile Learning) technologies over the Internet for their vast knowledge acquisition. In this paper, the work gives an elaborate context of learning strategies prevailing and emerging with the classification of e-learning Techniques. It majorly focuses on the features and variety of aspects with the e-learning and the choice of learning method involved and facilitate the adoption of new ways for personalized selection on learning resources for SDL (Self-Directed Learning) from the unstructured, large web-based environment. Thereby, proposes a Personalised Self-Directed Learning Recommendation System (PSDLR) based on the personal specifications of the SDL learner. The result offers insight into the perspectives and challenges of Self-Directed Learning based on cognitive and constructive characteristics which majorly incorporates web-based learning and gives path in finding appropriate solutions using machine learning techniques and ontology for the open problems in the respective fields with personalised recommendations and guidelines for future research.

Product performance satisfaction level can be referred to as the satisfaction level of mutual fund investors in terms of return, transparency, safety, liquidity, service quality, fund management and the overall performance of the mutual fund products. Here, the researcher attempted to analyze the satisfaction level of mutual fund investors concerning different funds/schemes opted by the investors. Based on these objectives seven parameters of satisfaction of mutual fund investors including the overall performance of the fund has been taken into consideration. The findings of the standardized regression weight of product performance satisfaction level and the Chi-square test reveals that there is a significant difference in the product performance satisfaction level of mutual fund investors about the funds opted by them (except in case of balanced-fund).

The use of dietary supplements (supplementation) is the individual enrichment of the diet with ingredients naturally occurring in food. As a rule, dietary supplements should be used periodically. In nutritional practice, there are many indications for dietary supplementation, but the decision to take dietary supplements should be made by consumers wisely and only in justified situations, when there is a risk that the usual diet does not provide vitamins and minerals in an amount adequate to meet dietary recommendations. However, we should remember about the real dangers of taking too large doses of vitamins and minerals. Many people using dietary supplements, especially several types at the same time, may experience undesirable side effects and deterioration of health, and in addition, people taking medicines may seriously disrupt or weaken the effect of the drug, or even lack the therapeutic effect of the drug. The document presents 10 steps and rules for the use of dietary supplements available on the market, which are addressed to the general population.