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Refugeeism is a very broad subject … We hear about refugees, we participate directly or indirectly in refugee processes. There are people with refugee experiences among our family members and neigh...

Based on 8 months of ethnographic research, this article focuses on the everyday spatial practices of young children living in collective accommodation for refugees in Berlin. We examine how physical spaces and social relationships are appropriated, affecting the relational agency of children in this restrictive context. Using case study material from three families with limited prospects of permanent residence, we discuss the children’s lived citizenship as enacted – not only symbolically – between the sandpit (as a space for children to act and play as a child) and deportation (as an extreme limit for enacting agency related to refugee status).

Nowadays, the Western world seems saturated with the myriad of enhancements for entrepreneurship development. Also, in Eastern European countries we observe a growing number of initiatives at different organizational levels, aiming at accompanying potential future entrepreneurs in their efforts. Meanwhile, there is one novelty, never before offered on the Polish market – the first co- -living space, launched in Gdansk. Therefore, this article aims at presenting the idea of 4COs (co-living, co-working, co-habitation, co-development) initiated by a group of young social entrepreneurs from the Tricity as “Clipster” at the end of 2015. For better understanding of the novelty of this venture on the Polish market, the author analyzes similar initiatives worldwide. This paper is also an attempt to assess the challenges and results of this initiative thanks to the qualitative research methods – structured interviews with its first participants and with its leaders. Additionally, the author suggests some improvements and possible future developments of this initiative.

The IEEE Technical Activities Board (TAB) Committee on Standards called for proposals for 2020 to provide seed funding for projects initiating innovative standards efforts. Prof. Alistair Duffy, Prof. Jun Fan, and Dr. Zhiping Yang from our IEEE EMC Society submitted a proposal on Power Integrity and Power Consumption a few weeks ago.

This paper presents the Systems Integration Sandpit (SIS) established by the Defence Science and Technology Organisation and University of South Australia. The paper commences by describing the first two stages of the SIS development and early achievements against the facility's primary goals: exploring systems integration issues, the formation of systems engineering competencies by providing experiential learning, and research infrastructure to support the evaluation of emerging systems engineering practices, such as into Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE). From here, the paper discusses the ongoing research program for Stage Three that is focused on MBSE and systems engineering for evolving systems.

In the Silesian Upland, sand has been used as fill material in coal mines for over a 100 years. Sand extraction has significantly transformed the geological structure, relief, water and soil conditions, vegetal cover, and microclimate. The aim of the following paper is a synthesis of anthropogenic transformation of the environment, shaping the landscape and restoring nature in areas of sand extraction. We have presented simple models of the environment functioning during mining and post-mining periods. Research implies that of the two preferred directions, i.e. aquatic and forest reclamation, the first approach leads to quicker restoration of nature and ensures greater biodiversity despite higher costs. As a result of forest reclamation, previous vegetal cover is “re-established” within the bounderies of the working, however, in the zone of the cone of depression, due to permanent draining, persist water and soil conditions that are unfavourable for vegetation.

This paper describes the Microcosm program established by DSTO and UniSA to research and to promote good systems engineering and systems integration practice. The initial focus of the Microcosm project is research into the application of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) in complex systems engineering and systems integration programs. The paper outlines what Microcosm seeks to achieve with particular focus on the high-level architecture of the Stage 1 solution. The paper concludes by describing the Stage 1 implementation of the Microcosm ‘sandpit’ including the information management environment, the simulation, modelling and control environment, and the physical systems including unmanned ground vehicles, sensors, communications infrastructure and effectors.

The chapter characterizes direct and indirect anthropogenic landforms . It presents their origins, morphometric characteristics, age, and location in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin . The most distinctive elements of the landscape are stowing sandpits—over 100 of them—with a total area of more than 76 km2 and a volume of more than 1 billion m3, with the Szczakowa sandpit being one of the largest in Europe. Important elements of the landscape are spoil tips of various shapes and sizes, which constitute a total of more than 300 forms that accumulate approximately 974 million tonnes of waste, mainly from mining but also from the energy and steel industries. The largest area (1,125 km2) is occupied by subsidence troughs. They were characterized in relation to the distinct geological zones—Carboniferous, Triassic, and Miocene. The volume of subsidence troughs exceeds 4.1 billion m3, with several forms being the largest in Europe and reaching a depth of approximately 35 m. The chapter also provides a detailed description of sinkholes associated with the former shallow exploitation of coal and zinc and lead ores.

The ‘Designers’ Sandpit’ is an environment for assembly-oriented design in which manufacturability techniques are integrated with advanced product modelling and geometric modelling concepts. First, this paper elaborates the philosophy underlying the development of the Sandpit and describes a prototype implementation. A number of manufacturability methods are briefly summarized and their deployment within the Sandpit environment is described. Finally, the potential for industrial application of the concepts within the Sandpit is discussed and areas for possible further research outlined.

Agritourism provides ecological tourist services for urban dwellers in rural areas. Agritourism farms offer space and attractive scenery for people seeking to rest in quiet place and wanting healthy, outdoor recreational activities. The high epidemiological standard of agritourism farms is beneficial for the health of the farm owners and the guests. Upgraded level of the farm sanitation, also from parasitological point of view is of great importance, especially that among agritourism farms guests predominate families with small children. A field survey was carried out in 57 farms in central-eastern Poland to evaluate the environmental risk factors for geohelminth infections on agritourism farms offering tourist services for urban dwellers. Samples of soil were collected from 76 sites, i.e. yards surrounding houses, vegetable, fruit and flower gardens, playgrounds and sandpits. In addition, samples were taken from 27 public places of recreation (playgrounds at forest clearing) visited by agritourism farm guests. During visits the farms were inspected and the owners were questioned about their awareness of the threat of parasitic infections. Soil contamination with geohelminth eggs was found in 4 examined farms (7.0%), in one locality on each farm. The eggs of Toxocara spp. and Ascaris spp. were detected in single samples from 3 backyards (6.4%) and one sandpit (10.0%). In the soil samples from places of recreation outside the farms eggs of human or animal helminths were not identified. The results of this study showed that the risk of helminth infections on agritourism farms is low, since geohelminth eggs (1-3 per sample) were detected only in four samples (0.5%) among 760 collected from farms households. The farm owners must be aware of the importance of preventive measures to eliminate the environmental contamination with eggs of zoonotic soiltransmitted helminths. Special attention should be paid to the risk of intestinal parasites of cats of semi domestic behaviour migrating from neighbouring yards as well as of red foxes frequently observed in the vicinity of agritourism farms.

In the south-East of the Province of Drenthe, in the municipality of Emmen, there are two large areas with greenhouse horticulture. In the early days surface water, taken directly out of canals nearby, was used as greenhouse water, but since the 1960's, the quality of the surface water became worse (especially salination). Hence, the surface water became less suitable for greenhouse purposes. The greenhouse operaters switched over to water taken from a former sandpit, but during the last three years the iron-concentration in that water rose. This immediately led to major problems as the drip tubes were clogged bio ironhydroxide. The local water supply company WMD (NV Waterleidingmaatschappij Drenthe) was asked to solve the problem associated with the supply of greenhouse water. The greenhouse operators asked for the iron concentration in the irrigation water to be reduced to below 0.25 mg/l. WMD decided to introduce a new technology for the production of greenhouse water: Ultrafiltration. A UF-installation with a capacity of 200 m3/h was designed, engineered and constructed within a period of only 12 months. In the same time ultrafiltration was tested and optimized on pilot-scale. From that study it was concluded that without flocculant dosing a rather low gross flux had to be used for stable operation. A much higher flux could be attained with minor flocculant dosing.

Don’t limit equipment in your sandpit to buckets and spades – introduce cars and other vehicles as well. Your child will love discovering the tracks they can make

Introduction In the autumn of 2007, a large housepit consisting of three rooms encircled by a bank was found in the archaeological survey of Virolahti Parish (Fig. 1). In Finland, such structures are previously known mostly from central and northern Ostrobothnia and to a lesser extent from the inland Lake District. Multi-room housepits are also known from the Republic of Karelia in Russia, but not previously from the coastal area of southern Finland. [FIGURE 1 OMITTED] The Meskaartty site is located on top of a small moraine hillock. A local farmer was in the habit of extracting coarse sand moraine from the site for building land-drains in his fields, and consequently the northernmost room of the housepit has been almost totally destroyed. Due to moraine extraction on the site, several finds were easily collected from the brink of the sandpit. Meskaartty is a unique site on the coast of the Gulf of Finland for several reasons. First, Meskaartty is the only known multi-room housepit found in the area. Second, the ceramics found at the site display a number of atypical features as compared to both the material usually found in Finland and material associated with housepits. Third, the dating and interpretation of the site are of great importance for the understanding of Late Neolithic cultural development around the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland. The objectives of this article are twofold. These are to introduce the Meskaartty site and to evaluate Late Neolithic phenomena as seen from the Meskaartty site. The article begins with a description of the Middle and Late Neolithic cultural contacts observable in the material culture of the extreme south-eastern corner of Finland. Next, the Meskaartty site is introduced through a description of the dwelling structure and finds and by presenting an AMS-date for the site. Lastly, the cultural aspects of multi-room housepits and Middle/Late Neolithic cultural contacts are discussed in a wider context. This article is based purely on material and data gathered on surveys and during an excursion to carry out 3D documentation of the Meskaartty site during the years 2007-2008. Much of this article could have been written without introducing any specific site. Nevertheless, writing on this type of subjects is always easier with concrete data on hand. Overlapping cultures in the south-eastern corner of Finland One of the main characteristics of the Middle and Late Neolithic (1) materials found in the south-eastern corner of Finland is the presence of artefacts deriving from different areas. In this region, several overlapping cultural elements are on the fringes of their distribution. This has been recognized in previous studies (see e.g. Ayrapaa 1952b, 22.23; 1973, 207; Edgren 1997, 155; Mokkonen & Seitsonen 2007). Middle and Late Neolithic materials found on the south-east coast of Finland bear witness to lively contacts and some degree of interaction in all directions. Northern influences are most clearly seen in asbestos-tempered Kierikki and Polja ceramics, the main distribution of which is in the inland Lake District and in coastal Ostrobothnia north of the city of Vaasa (e.g. Carpelan 1999). However, these ceramics are also well in evidence on the shores of the Gulf of Finland, east of the Kymi River estuary (Pesonen 1999). Eastern influences are represented by Eastern Pit-Comb Ware, which is occasionally found on the Finnish coast east of the Kymi River (Miettinen 1998, 42). Otherwise, Eastern Pit-Comb Ware is found in the Vuoksi River Basin in Eastern Finland (Carpelan 1999, 257, fig. 3; Kokkonen 1978; Pesonen 1999). There are also some other artefacts of eastern origin, for example, an anthropomorphic flint figurine found at the Mattilan VPK-talo dwelling site in Virolahti parish (Kivikoski 1961, 58; Huurre 1998, 294-295; Mokkonen & Seitsonen 2007, 23). The southern influences include material common in Estonia, on the southern shore of the Gulf of Finland. …

Being able to build devices from the bottom up has been the dream of nanotechnologists since Eric Drexler first put forward the idea in 1981. Drexler and his followers say that such an ability, could, for example, reduce the size of computers by as much as a factor of 1012 over today's devices. Now, to try and at least start turning this vision into reality, an interdisciplinary group of about 30 researchers will gather in the UK next month. Their ultimate aim is to construct a "matter compiler", a device that converts designs encoded in software into macroscopic objects by manipulating individual atoms and molecules.