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4,072 results on '"Sadiq, A."'

1. Trustworthy and Efficient Routing Algorithm for IoT-FinTech Applications Using Nonlinear Lévy Brownian Generalized Normal Distribution Optimization

Author: Ali Safaa Sadiq, Jingwei Too, Prashant Pillai, Seyedali Mirjalili, and Amin Abdollahi Dehkordi
Subjects: Routing protocol, Computer Networks and Communications, business.industry, Computer science, Node (networking), Distributed computing, Context (language use), Computer Science Applications, FinTech, Hardware and Architecture, Signal Processing, Path (graph theory), Leverage (statistics), Routing (electronic design automation), business, Generalized normal distribution, Information Systems
Abstract: The huge advancement in the field of communication has pushed the innovation pace towards a new concept in the context of Internet of Things (IoT) named IoT for Financial Technology applications (IoT-FinTech). The main intention is to leverage the businesses’ income and reducing cost by facilitating the benefits enabled by IoT-FinTech technology. To do so, some of the challenging problems that mainly related to routing protocols in such highly dynamic, unreliable (due to mobility) and widely distributed network need to be carefully addressed. This paper therefore focuses on developing a new trustworthy and efficient routing mechanism to be used in routing data traffic over IoT-FinTech mobile networks. A new Non-linear Levy Brownian Generalized Normal Distribution Optimization (NLBGNDO) algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of finding an optimal path from source to destination sensor nodes to be used in forwarding FinTech’s related data. We also propose an objective function to be used in maintaining trustworthiness of the selected relay-node candidates by introducing a trust-based friendship mechanism to be measured and applied during each selection process. The formulated model also considering node’s residual energy, experienced response time, and inter-node distance (to figure out density/sparsity ratio of sensor nodes). Results demonstrate that our proposed mechanism could maintain very wise and efficient decisions over the selection period in comparison with other methods.
Published: 2023
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2. A hybrid approach for text clustering

Author: Saad O. Ajmi Al-Shuwaili, Mustafa A. Naser, and Sadiq Obied Redywi
Subjects: Set (abstract data type), Structure (mathematical logic), ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION, Current (mathematics), business.industry, Computer science, Pattern recognition, General Medicine, Artificial intelligence, Document clustering, Cluster analysis, business, Hybrid approach
Abstract: This paper deals with automatic clustering algorithm, which partitions a many of objects to get smaller sets (clusters). Where objects of the one set are related to each other rather than to those in the other sets. The number of clusters in automatic clustering don’t given priori, they determinates automatically, the number resulted of clusters exact closed to the numbers of the real dataset structure. This paper represents a stimulus for the current study to introduce an algorithm that automatically finds the number of clusters based on distance among vertices. The study is based on the hypothesis that the proposed algorithm is able to efficiently find the clustering partitions for the whole dataset.
Published: 2023
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3. Thirty days outcome of laparoscopic versus open umbilical hernia repair

Author: Hashim sadiq al-kayat, Ammar hashim abdul-wahid, and Salah kadhim muslim
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Mesh repair, business.industry, Umbilical hernia repair, Medicine, Cosmesis, General Medicine, business, medicine.disease, Surgical interventions, Surgery, Umbilical hernia
Abstract: Umbilical hernia replacement is commonly done via surgery. Many types of surgical interventions exist. Ultimately, laparoscopic approach results in better outcomes in terms of recurrence and cosmesis and activity revert back, even if the procedure is done open. Although this may be the case, the question of what is the best way to repair has yet to be resolved. Forty and thirty-one patients were diagnosed with open and laparoscopic mesh repair in this research, and were followed for thirty days to find out if there were any differences between treatments.
Published: 2023
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4. Modeling and Simulating Adaptation Strategies Against Sea-Level Rise Using Multiagent Deep Reinforcement Learning

Author: Yasin Yilmaz, Salman Sadiq Shuvo, Mark Hafen, and Alan J. Bush
Subjects: Human-Computer Interaction, Sea level rise, business.industry, Computer science, Modeling and Simulation, Reinforcement learning, Artificial intelligence, business, Adaptation strategies, Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Published: 2022
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5. A Matrix Determinant Feature Extraction Approach for Decoding Motor and Mental Imagery EEG in Subject-Specific Tasks

Author: Zhaohui Yuan, Muhammad Zulkifal Aziz, Weiping Ding, Muhammad Tariq Sadiq, Siuly Siuly, and Xiaojun Yu
Subjects: Computer science, business.industry, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Feature extraction, Pattern recognition, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Square matrix, Matrix (mathematics), Artificial Intelligence, 0103 physical sciences, Classifier (linguistics), Principal component analysis, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Feedforward neural network, Artificial intelligence, business, 010301 acoustics, Software, Mental image, Brain–computer interface
Abstract: This study introduces a novel matrix determinant feature extraction approach for efficient classification of motor and mental imagery activities from electroencephalography signals. First, the multiscale principal component analysis (MSPCA) was utilized to obtain clean EEG signals. Secondly, denoised data were sequentially arranged to form a square matrix of different orders (e.g.10,13,16,20) and determinant was computed for each order matrix. Finally, the extracted matrix determinant features were provided to several machine learning and neural network classification models for classification. All experiments were carried out using a 10-fold cross-validation approach on three publicly accessible datasets: Dataset IV-a, Dataset IVb, and Dataset V of BCI competition III. Also, this study designs a Computerized Automatic Detection of Motor and Mental Imagery graphical user interface (CADMMI GUI) that can assist physicians/experts to efficiently analyses motor and mental imagery data. Experimental results reveal that the highest average classification accuracy of 99.55% (for dataset IV-a), 99.52% (for dataset IV-b), and 91.80% (for dataset V) were obtained for motor and mental imagery respectively with 20-order matrix determinant using feedforward neural network classifier. The experimental results suggest that the proposed framework provides a robust biomarker with the least computational complexity for the development of automated braincomputer interfaces.
Published: 2022
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6. Criteria Used by Endourology Society Fellowship Program Directors for the Selection and Evaluation of Fellows

Author: William Atallah, Areeba Setara Sadiq, Kavita Gupta, Mantu Gupta, Johnathan A. Khusid, Dara Lundon, and Blair Gallante
Subjects: Medical education, ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION, Demographics, business.industry, Urology, MEDLINE, Internship and Residency, Likert scale, Robotic Surgical Procedures, Education, Medical, Graduate, Phone, Surveys and Questionnaires, Candidacy, Humans, Medicine, Clinical Competence, Fellowships and Scholarships, Duration (project management), business, Selection (genetic algorithm), Clinical skills
Abstract: Introduction An understanding of which trainee factors Endourology Society (ES) fellowship program directors (PDs) value may help urology residents optimize their fellowship candidacy and help current fellows optimize their fellowship performance. In the present study, we evaluated which factors are most important to ES PDs in selecting fellowship candidates and evaluating current fellows. Methods A survey was constructed using REDCap software and emailed to PDs of fellowships registered with the ES. Fellowships in the ES include Endourology-Stone Disease (ESD) programs, robotic-laparoscopic surgery programs (MIS), and combination programs. A Likert scale ranging from 1 (not important) to 5 (extremely important) was used to rank the criteria for selecting and evaluating fellows. The survey captured program demographics such as geographic region, program type, and program duration. Results Of the 52 ES PDs, 35 (67%) responded. Respondents represented 8 (23%) ESD programs, 7 (20%) MIS programs, and 20 (57%) combination programs. Furthermore, sixteen (46%) represented one-year programs and 19 (54%) represented two-year programs. The top-five factors for candidate selection were perceived fit of the applicant, perceived level of applicant interest, initial interview, personal emails from applicants' advocates, and personal phone calls from applicants' advocates. Advocacy on behalf of the applicant appeared to be especially important for two-year fellowships. The top-five factors for the evaluation of fellows in training were patient interactions, professionalism, attitude/demeanor, operative skills, and interactions with ancillary staff. Research productivity was of greater importance for the evaluation and selection of two-year fellows and ESD fellows. Conclusions Applicants for ES fellowships should focus on the initial interview and recruiting supportive mentors to advocate for their applications, particularly for two-year programs. Though PDs value both clinical skills and research productivity, research productivity was more important for two-year programs and ESD programs. Further research into applicant perspectives on the fellowship application process is warranted.
Published: 2022
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7. Idiopathic Arachnoiditis of the Cauda Equina: A Case Report from Tanzania

Author: Marieke C. J. Dekker, Abid M Sadiq, Magreth J. Swai, Emmanuel V. Assey, and Adnan Sadiq
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Cauda equina, Cerebrospinal fluid, Magnetic resonance imaging, medicine, Back pain, RC346-429, Referred pain, medicine.diagnostic_test, Lumbar puncture, business.industry, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Young adult, Methylprednisolone, Arachnoiditis, Neurology (clinical), Radiology, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, medicine.symptom, business, medicine.drug, Single Case − General Neurology
Abstract: Arachnoiditis is a rare clinical entity that usually presents with severe debilitating radiating pain that can pose a challenge in diagnosis especially in areas without appropriate imaging modalities. We present a 26-year-old male with progressive lower back pain with radiation to the lower extremities, aggravated by movement and touch. We diagnosed idiopathic arachnoiditis based on cerebrospinal fluid analysis and magnetic resonance imaging. He was managed with a 5-day course of methylprednisolone and analgesics with a good outcome. Severe back pain without a specific cause in a young patient should be investigated with proper imaging modalities and lumbar puncture if warranted to evaluate the cause.
Published: 2021

8. MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF 2-D STEADY SEEPAGE FLOW AND THE BEHAVIOR OF CONTAMINATES TRANSPORTATION THROUGH HOMOGENEOUS EARTH DAM USING COMSOL SOFTWARE

Author: Sadiq S. Muhsun, Faris A. Kubba, and Fatin K. I. Ahmed
Subjects: transportation of contaminates, comsol version 4.2, Software, Petroleum engineering, lcsh:TA1-2040, Homogeneous, business.industry, steady seepage flow, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), Seepage flow, business, Earth (classical element), Geology
Abstract: Seepage is a flow that happens through / under hydraulic structures or through the porous media such as in the case of earth dams from upstream to downstream due to difference in the hydraulic head. Study of seepage flow is important for hydraulic engineering. Before the structures being built, the behaviors of the seepage flows must be predicted because the seepage flow causes harmful to hydraulic structures. In this paper, a homogenous earth dam with sand material is proposed and constructed with horizontal bed filter at the Toe of the dam is taken as a case study. Through this Comsol is used to interpret the seepage of flow and contaminants transportation through the dam. The general objective of this paper is thus to present a prediction model aimed at quantifying a selected concentration of contaminants in the reservoir, and then predicted in the body of the dam, and at the exit from the dam. Computation Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Module (Comsol version 4.2) with its sub-programs named (Free and Porous Media Flow and Species Transport through Porous Media) was used in the analysis and study the seepage flow and of the contaminants transportation. This software is based on the finite element techniques that were used for solving the governing equations of flow and transportation of contaminant through porous media. Also, it was used to determine the phreatic line, amount of seepage within the dam, the pressure head, the total head, and the amount of contaminates transported through the dam body. From the comsol software, it is deduced that when the water level is at the maximum height (20m), it needs 12 days and (18) hr, at normal height (15m) it needs 29 days, while at a minimum height (8 m) it needs 81 days to reach the drain zone.
Published: 2022
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9. TWO PHASE FLOW EXPERIMENTAL DETECTION METHOD AND CFD MODELS – A REVIEW

Author: Sadiq S. Muhsun, Hilal Mohammed Mousa, and Zainab T. Al-Sharify
Subjects: two-phase flow, modelling, Materials science, lcsh:TA1-2040, business.industry, Two-phase flow, Mechanics, flow pattern, Computational fluid dynamics, flow measurement, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), business, cfd
Abstract: Liquid two-phase flow has been studied widely by many authors. Two phase flow exist in petroleum industries, nuclear power generation and chemical plants. In the present study a review on two phase flow such as oil/water was discussed, also the patterns of the flow and types of measurement are presented. Also a review on the new trends using the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) to predict the liquid-liquid two phase are viewed.
Published: 2022
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10. A Flexible Pressure Sensor Based on PDMS-CNTs Film for Multiple Applications

Author: Hammad Sadiq, Kashif Mahmood, Song Huang, Imran Ali, Muhammad Haroon Sharif, and Hu Hui
Subjects: Materials science, Polydimethylsiloxane, business.industry, Scanning electron microscope, Electronic skin, Soft sensor, Pressure sensor, Piezoresistive effect, chemistry.chemical_compound, Sensor array, chemistry, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Instrumentation, Electrical conductor
Abstract: With the fast development of electronic skin, there is a great demand for wearable sensing devices. Herein, a piezoresistive sensor has been fabricated comprising a conductive film of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-carbon nanotubes (CNTs) sandwiched by two protection films of PDMS. A simple and low-cost manufacturing method has been proposed to wrap CNTs inside the flexible PDMS to obtain a soft sensor with excellent conductivity, high sensitivity, and fast response to various pressures. Additionally, films with different percentages of CNTs were compared. The results show that the film with 7% CNTs has higher conductivity and sensitivity. Moreover, the surface morphologies and microstructures of the superior PDMS-CNTs film were studied by scanning electron microscope, and sensing properties of the pressure sensor were tested. Furthermore, applications of single sensor and sensor array were studied. The results exhibit that the as-prepared pressure sensor successfully detected different human motions and recognized Morse code and words, indicating that the portable sensor can be potentially applied in wide areas such as smart devices and flexible robotics.
Published: 2022
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11. A Comparison of Adult and Pediatric Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Pathways: A Move for Standardization

Author: Nicole Chaumont, Andrea A. Hayes, Paula D. Strassle, Michael R. Phillips, Kathleen Marulanda, M. Concetta Lupa, Sabrina Mangat, Christopher J McCauley, Peggy McNaull, Timothy S. Sadiq, and Laura N. Purcell
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, Multimodal therapy, Length of Stay, Reference Standards, Logistic regression, Colorectal surgery, Parenteral nutrition, Internal medicine, Pediatric surgery, medicine, Humans, Surgery, Risk factor, Child, Enhanced Recovery After Surgery, business, Colorectal Surgery, Enhanced recovery after surgery, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Background Enhanced recovery protocols (ERP) are a multimodal approach to standardize perioperative care. To substantiate the benefit of a pediatric-centered pathway, we compared outcomes of children treated with pediatric ERP (pERP) versus adult (aERP) pathways. We aimed to compare components of each pathway to create a new comprehensive pERP to reduce variation in care. Methods Retrospective study of children (≤18 y) undergoing elective colorectal surgery from August 2015 to April 2019 at a single institution managed with pERP versus aERP. Multivariable linear and logistic regression, adjusting for demographics and operation characteristics, were used to compare outcomes. Results Out of 100 hospitalizations (72 patients) were identified, including 37 treated with pERP. pERP patients were, on average, younger (13 versus 16 y), more likely to be ASA III (70% versus 30%), and more likely to receive regional (32% versus 3%) or neuraxial (35% versus 8%) anesthesia. Epidural use was an independent risk factor for longer length of stay (P = 0.000). After adjustment, pERP patients had similar LOS and time to oral intake, but shorter foley duration. pERP patients used significantly fewer opioids and were less likely to return to the operating room within 30 d. 30-d readmissions and ED visits were also lower, but this was not statistically significant. Conclusions At our institution, data from both ERPs contributed formation of a synthesized pathway and reflected the pERP approach to opioid utilization and the aERP approach to earlier enteral nutrition.
Published: 2022
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12. N-Body Simulation Inspired by Metaheuristics Optimization

Author: Maria Waqas, Farah Sadiq, and Muhammad Ali Ismail
Subjects: N-body simulation, General Computer Science, Control and Systems Engineering, Computer science, business.industry, Artificial intelligence, business, Metaheuristic, Theoretical Computer Science
Published: 2022
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13. Convalescent plasma in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised controlled, open-label, platform trial

Author: Obbina Abani, Ali Abbas, Fatima Abbas, Mustafa Abbas, Sadia Abbasi, Hakam Abbass, Alfie Abbott, Nabeel Abdallah, Ashraf Abdelaziz, Mohamed Abdelfattah, Bushra Abdelqader, David Abdo, Basir Abdul, Althaf Abdul Rasheed, Ajibode Abdulakeem, Rezan Abdul-Kadir, Amina Abdulle, Abdulfatahi Abdulmumeen, Rasheed Abdul-Raheem, Niyaz Abdulshukkoor, Kula Abdusamad, Yazeed Abed El Khaleq, Mai Abedalla, Abeer Ul Amna Abeer Ul Amna, Katrina Abernethy, Adebanke Aboaba, Hani Abo-Leyah, Ahmed Abou-Haggar, Mahmoud Abouibrahim, Miriam Abraham, Tizzy Abraham, Abraheem Abraheem, Judith Abrams, Hyacinth-John Abu, Ahmed Abu-Arafeh, Syed M Abubacker, Akata Abung, Yaa Aceampong, Amaka Achara, Devikumar Acharya, Sarah Acheampong, Janet Acheson, Andres Acosta, Catherine Acton, Jacqueline Adabie-Ankrah, Sara Adair, Fiona Adam, Matthew Adam, Huzaifa Adamali, Carol Adams, Charlotte Adams, Kate Adams, Lisa Adams, Richard Adams, Tim Adams, Kirsty Adcock, Jemaimah Addai, Ade Adebiyi, Ken Adegoke, Vicki Adell, Debo Ademokun, Sherna Adenwalla, Oluwasegun A Adesemoye, Emmanuel O Adewunmi, Joyce Adeyemi, Rina Adhikary, Gabrielle Adkins, Adnan Adnan, John Aeron-Thomas, Debbie Affleck, Dominic Affron, Carmel Afnan, Muhammad Afridi, Zainab A Aftab, Meenakshi Agarwal, Rachel Agbeko, Chris Agbo, Penny Agent, Sunil Aggarwal, Arameh Aghababaie, Shafana Ahamed Sadiq, Mohamed H Ahammed Nazeer, Humayun Ahmad, Mohammad Ahmad, Syed Ahmad, Asim Ahmed, Bilal Ahmed, Forizuddin Ahmed, Hamze Ahmed, Iram Ahmed, Irshad Ahmed, Khaled Ahmed, Liban Ahmed, Mahin Ahmed, Maria C Ahmed, Muhammad S Ahmed, Naseer Ahmed, Nausheen Ahmed, Osama Ahmed, Rajia A Ahmed, Rizwan Ahmed, Saif Ahmed, Sammiya Ahmed, Sara Ahmed, Sophia Ahmed, Syed Ahmed, Syed Haris Ahmed, Roa Ahmed Ali, Sana Ahmed, Sana Ahmer, Dhiraj Ail, Mark Ainsworth, Giulia Airoldi, Myriam Aissa, Lindianne Aitken, Bini Ajay, Francis Ajeneye, Abdulakeem Ajibode, Ayesha Ajmi, Tahir Akbar, Naim Akhtar, Nasim Akhtar, Nauman Akhtar, Suha Akili, Oludoyinsola Akindolie, Yinka Akinfenwa, Olugbenga Akinkugbe, Ibrahim Akinpelu, Olajide Akinwumiju, Olugbenro Aktinade, Ahmad Al Aaraj, Asma Al Balushi, Majd Al Dakhola, Aladdin Al Swaifi, Eslam Al-Abadi, Narendra Aladangady, Ayaz Alam, Sajid Alam, Abbas Al-Asadi, Karina Al-Asadi, Kyriaki Alatzoglou, Manaf Al-Bayati, Paul Albert, Lorraine Albon, Gemma Alcorn, Stephen Alcorn, Aggie Aldana, David Alderdice, Rayan Aldouri, Jonathan Aldridge, Nicolas Aldridge, Ana Alegria, Alison Alexander, John Alexander, Peter D G Alexander, Charlotte Alford, Julyan Al-Fori, Laith Alghazawi, Bahij Al-Hakim, Shams Al-Hity, Ali Ali, Asad Ali, Fawzia R Ali, Hoodo Ali, Jawad Ali, Mariam Ali, Mohammad Ali, Nayab Ali, Oudai Ali, Sabira Ali, Sakina Ali, Syed Ali, Abid Alina, Fine Aliyuda, Katrin Alizadeh, Maithem Al-Jibury, Saba Al-Juboori, Majid Al-Khalil, Moutaz Alkhusheh, Allameddine Allameddine, Fiona Allan, Rachel Allan, Alison Allanson, Robert Allcock, Beverley Allen, Eireann Allen, Jess Allen, Kerry Allen, Laura Allen, Louise Allen, Poppy Allen, Rebecca Allen, Sam Allen, Sharon Allen, Simon Allen, Kathryn Allison, Bethan Allman, Lynne Allsop, Hassan Al-Moasseb, Magda Al-Obaidi, Lina Alomari, Akram Al-Rabahi, Bahar Al-Ramadhani, Zayneb Al-Saadi, Inji Alshaer, Rustam Al-Shahi Salman, Warkaq Al-Shamkhani, Bashar Al-Sheklly, Sara Altaf, Mary Alvarez, Balaal Alyas, Maysaa Alzetani, Susan Amamou, Noor Amar, Sakkarai Ambalavanan, Sarah-Jayne Ambler, Robert Ambrogetti, Chris Ambrose, Amir Ameen, Kenneth Amenyah, Maria R Amezaga, Allison Amin, Amina Amin, Kanish Amin, Syed Amin, Tara Amin, Amjad Amjad, Neelma Amjad, Mariam Ammoun, Victoria Amosun, Khaled Amsha, Pugh Amy, Atul Anand, Rekha Anand, Samantha Anandappa, Julie Anderson, Kevin Anderson, Laura Anderson, Michelle Anderson, Nicola Anderson, Rachel Anderson, Rory Anderson, Wendy Anderson, Prematie Andreou, Angela Andrews, Antonette Andrews, Jill Andrews, Susan Andrews, Gregory Andrikopoulos, Kanayochukwu Aneke, Andrew Ang, Wan Wei Ang, Tammy Angel, Aramburo Angela, Paola Angelini, Lazarus Anguvaa, Oleg Anichtchik, Millicent Anim-Somuah, Krishnan Aniruddhan, Jessica Annett, Patrick J Anstey, Rebekah Anstey, Alpha Anthony, Aaron Anthony-Pillai, Philip Antill, Zhelyazkova Antonina, Varghese Anu, Muhammad Anwar, George Apostolides, Aristeidis Apostolopoulos, Sarah Appleby, Diane Appleyard, Maia Far Aquino, Bianca Araba, Samuel Aransiola, Mariana Araujo, Emily Arbon, Ann Archer, Denise Archer, Simon Archer, Christian Ardley, Ana-Maria Arias, Ryoki Arimoto, Charlotte Arkley, Charlotte Armah, Ilianna Armata, Adam Armitage, Ceri Armstrong, Maureen Armstrong, Sonia Armstrong, Sylvia Armstrong-Fisher, Philippa Armtrong, Heike Arndt, Clare Arnison-Newgass, David Arnold, Rachael Arnold, Sarah Arnott, Dhawal Arora, Kavan Arora, Pardeep Arora, Rishi Arora, Andrea Arroyo, Arslam Arter, Ayush Arya, Rita Arya, Denisa Asandei, Adeeba Asghar, Catherine Ashbrook-Raby, Glen Ashby, Helen Ashby, Jan Ashcroft, John Ashcroft, Samuel Ashcroft, Deborah Asher, Ayesha Ashfaq, Ben Ashford, Suhail Ashgar, Abdul Ashish, Sally Ashman-Flavell, Sundar Ashok, Abd-El-Aziz Ashour, Muhammad Z Ashraf, Saima Ashraf, Mohammad B Ashraq, Deborah Ashton, Susan Ashton, Andrew Ashworth, Rebecca Ashworth, Arshia Aslam, Harshini Asogan, Abigail Asquith, Atif Asrar, Omar Assaf, Raine Astin-Chamberlain, Richard Athay-Hunt, Deborah Athorne, Billie Atkins, Christopher Atkins, Stacey Atkins, John Atkinson, Vicki Atkinson, Brygitta Atraskiewicz, Claire Atterbury, Abdul Ahmad Attia, Rita Atugonza, Paula Aubrey, Avinash Aujayeb, Aye Chan Thar Aung, Hnin Aung, Kyaw Thu Aung, Ni Aung, Yin Aung, Zaw Myo Aung, Emily Austin, Karen Austin, Abdusshakur Auwal, Miriam Avery, Joanne Avis, Georgina Aviss, Cristina Avram, Paula Avram, Gabriel Awadzi, Atia Awan, Aszad Aya, Eman Ayaz, Amanda Ayers, Jawwad Azam, Mohammed Azharuddin, Ghazala Aziz, N Aziz, Ali Azkoul, Ashaari Azman Shah, Giada Azzopardi, Hocine Azzoug, Fiyinfoluwa Babatunde, Melvin Babi, Babiker Babiker, Gayna Babington, Matthew Babirecki, Marta Babores, Adetona O Babs-Osibodu, Sammy Bacciarelli, Roudi Bachar, Gina Bacon, Jenny Bacon, Bibi Badal, Gurpreet R Badhan, Shreya Badhrinarayanan, Joseph P Bae, Sibel Bafekr Mishamandani, Alice Baggaley, Amy Baggott, Graham Bagley, Dinesh Bagmane, Lynsey Bagshaw, Kasra Bahadori, James Bailey, Katie Bailey, Lindsey Bailey, Liz Bailey, Morgan Bailey, Pippa Bailey, Sarah Bailey, Stephen Bailey, Hamish Baillie, J Kenneth Baillie, Jennifer Bain, Sanchia Baines, Vikram Bains, Aimi Baird, David Baird, Susan Baird, Tracy Baird, Yolanda Baird, Aiysha Bajandouh, Charles Baker, Emma Baker, Evelyn Baker, Johanne Baker, Josephine Baker, Kenneth Baker, Rebecca Baker, Terri-Anne Baker, Victoria Baker, Hugh Bakere, Nawar Bakerly, Michelle Baker-Moffatt, Nauman Bakhtiar, Panos Bakoulas, Julie Balaam, Niranjan Balachandran, Andrea Balan, Theodosios Balaskas, Madhu Balasubramaniam, Alison Balcombe, Alexander Baldwin, Ashley Baldwin, Caron Baldwin, Danielle Baldwin, Rebekah Baldwin-Jones, James Balfour, Gagan Bali, Sonya Balkee, Ceri Ball, Kasia Ballard, Amy Ballinger, Ismael Balluz, Craig Balmforth, Emese Balogh, Amir Baluwala, Gabby Bambridge, Alasdair Bamford, Amy Bamford, Peter Bamford, Adefunke Bamgboye, Elizabeth Bancroft, Hollie Bancroft, Tanya Bancroft, Joyce Banda, Krishna Bandaru, Srini Bandi, Nageswar Bandla, Somaditya Bandyopadhyam, Amit Banerjee, Millie Banerjee, Ritwik Banerjee, Harrison Banks, Lauren Banks, Luke Banks, Paul Banks, Oliver Bannister, Bharat Bansal, Robert Banthorpe, Laura Banton, Mariamma Baptist, Tanya Baqai, Ananya Mouli Baral, Desislava Baramova, Alex Barber, Russel Barber, Emma Barbon, Miriam Barbosa, Monica Barbosa, Jamie Barbour, Alexander Barclay, Claire Barclay, George Bardsley, Stephanie Bareford, Shahedal Bari, Amy Barker, Debbie Barker, Helen Barker, Joseph Barker, Leon Barker, Oliver Barker, Kerry Barker-Williams, Sinha Barkha, Juliana Barla, Gavin Barlow, Richard Barlow, Valerie Barlow, James Barnacle, Alex Barnard, Debi Barnes, Nicky Barnes, Theresa Barnes, Calum Barnetson, Amy Barnett, Matthew Barnett, Ashton Barnett-Vanes, William Barnsley, Andrew Barr, David Barr, Shaney Barratt, Manuella Barrera, Amy Barrett, Fiona Barrett, Jessica Barrett, Joe Barry, Jazz Bartholomew, Claire Bartlett, Georgina Bartlett, Greg Barton, Jill Barton, Lorna Barton, Rachael Barton, Rosaleen Baruah, Sonia Baryschpolec, Archana Bashyal, Betsy Basker, Ayten Basoglu, Gilda Bass, John Bassett, G Bassett, Chris Bassford, Pavinder Bassi, Betsy Bassis, Bengisu Bassoy, Victoria Bastion, Anupam Basumatary, Tristan Bate, Harry J Bateman, Ian Bateman, Kathryn Bateman, Vhairi Bateman, Eleanor Bates, Hayley Bates, Michelle Bates, Simon Bates, Sally Batham, Ana Batista, Amit Batla, Dushyant Batra, Donna Batty, Harry Batty, Thomas Batty, Peter Baughan, Miranda Baum, Carina Bautista, Fareha Bawa, Fatima S Bawani, Simon Bax, Lydia Baxter, Matt Baxter, Nicola Baxter, Zachary Baxter, Hannah Bayes, Charlotte Baylem, Lee Bayliss, Eileen Bays, Farid Bazari, Rohit Bazaz, Ahmad Bazli, Laura Beacham, Wendy Beadles, Philip Beak, Andy Beale, Kirk Beard, Jack Bearpark, Karen Beaumont, Dawn Beaumont-Jewell, Theresa Beaver, Sarah Beavis, Christy Beazley, Sarah Beck, Virginia Beckett, Rosie Beckitt, Heidi Beddall, Seonaid Beddows, Deborah Beeby, Gail Beech, Michelle Beecroft, Sally Beer, Jane Beety, Gabriela Bega, Alison Begg, Susan Begg, Sara Beghini, Ayesha Begum, Salman Begum, Selina Begum, Teresa Behan, Jasmine Beharry, Roya Behrouzi, Jon Beishon, Claire Beith, James Belcher, Holly Belfield, Katherine Belfield, Ajay Belgaumkar, Dina Bell, Gareth Bell, Gill Bell, Gillian Bell, Joshua Bell, Lauren Bell, Louise Bell, Nicholas Bell, Pippa Bell, Stephanie Bell, Jennifer L Bell, Jennifer Bellamu, Mary Bellamy, Arianna Bellini, Amanda Bellis, Fionn Bellis, Lesley Bendall, Naveena Benesh, Nicola Benetti, Leonie Benham, Guy Benison-Horner, Alexander Bennett, Ann Bennett, Caroline Bennett, Christopher Bennett, Gillian Bennett, Ian Bennett, Kristopher Bennett, Lorraine Bennett, Sara Bennett, Karen Bennion, Vivienne Benson, Jane Benstead, Andrew Bentley, Dionne Bentley, James Bentley, Ian Benton, Eva Beranova, Matthew Beresford, Colin Bergin, Malin Bergstrom, Jolanta Bernatoniene, Thomas Berriman, Zoe Berry, Marnie Berwick, Kimberley Best, Ans-Mari Bester, Yvonne Beuvink, Emily Bevan, Sarah Bevins, Tom Bewick, Andrew Bexley, Sonay Beyatli, Fenella Beynon, Arjun Bhadi, Sanjay Bhagani, Shiv Bhakta, Rekha Bhalla, Khushpreet Bhandal, Kulbinder Bhandal, Ashwin Bhandari, Sangam Bhandari, Aashutosh Bhanot, Ravina Bhanot, Sruti Bhaskara, Prashanth Bhat, Nikhil Bhatia, Rahul Bhatnagar, Karan Bhatt, Janki Bhayani, Deepika Bhojwani, Salimuzzaman Bhuiyan, Anna Bibby, Fatima Bibi, Naheeda Bibi, Salma Bibi, Tihana Bicanic, Sarah Bidgood, Julie Bigg, Sarah Biggs, Alphonsa Biju, Andras Bikov, Sophie Billingham, Jessica Billings, Carron Bilton, Teodirico Binas, Martin Binney, Alice Binns, Muhammad BinRofaie, Oliver 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Bradshaw, Zena Bradshaw, Rebecca Brady, Shirin Brady, Denise Braganza, Suhail Brailsford, Jill Braithwaite, Marie Branch, Thomas Brankin-Frisby, Jamie Brannigan, Louise Brassington, Sophie Brattan, Fiona Bray, Nancy Bray, Angela Brazier, Manny Brazil, Lucy Brear, Tracy Brear, Stephen Brearey, Laura Bremner, Morwenna Brend, Giovanna Bretland, Chris Brewer, Hannah Bridge, Gavin Bridgwood, Hayley Briggs, Mark Briggs, Sara Brigham, John Bright, Chris Brightling, Lutece Brimfield, Elaine Brinkworth, Robin Brittain-Long, Vianne Britten, Terri Brittin, Lauren Broad, Sarah Broad, Rosie Broadhurst, Andrew Broadley, Marie Broadway, Christopher Brockelsby, Megan Brocken, Tomos Brockley, Andrew Broderick, Mary Brodsky, Fiona Brogan, David Broggio, Liz Brohan, Felicity Brokke, Jacob Brolly, David Bromley, Hannah Brooke-Ball, Verity Brooker, Ceri Brookes, Matthew Brookes, Alison Brooks, Karen Brooks, Nicole Brooks, Philip Brooks, Rachel Brooks, Sophie Brooks, Natalie Broomhead, Chloe Broughton, 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Mika Burgess, Paula Burgess, Richard Burgess, Sophia Burgess, Paula Burgett, Adrian Burman, Sara Burnard, Caroline Burnett, John Burnett, Amanda Burns, Amy Burns, Collette Burns, James Burns, Karen Burns, Samuel Burns, Sarah Burns, Daniel Burrage, Sadie Burrage, Kate Burrows, Claire Burston, Ben Burton, Fiona Burton, Matthew Burton, Angela Busby, Deborah Butcher, Aaron Butler, Jessica Butler, Joanne Butler, Joshua Butler, Lesley Butler, Peter Butler, Susan Butler, Al-Tahoor Butt, Mohammad M Butt, Sophia Butt, Caryl Butterworth, Nicola Butterworth-Cowin, Robert Buttery, Tom Buttle, Heather Button, Daniel Buttress, Jane Byrne, Wendy Byrne, Victoria Byrne-Watts, Eleanor Byworth, Amanda Cabandugama, Ruth Cade, Anthony Cadwgan, Donna Cairney, James Calderwood, Darren Caldow, Moira Caldwell, Giorgio Calisti, Debbie Callaghan, Jennifer Callaghan, Claire Callens, Donaldson Callum, Caroline Calver, Melissa Cambell-Kelly, Tracey Camburn, David R Cameron, Eleanor Cameron, Fraser Cameron, Sarah Cameron, Sheena Cameron, Christian Camm, Renee F D Cammack, Alison Campbell, Amy Campbell, Barbara Campbell, Bridget Campbell, Debbie Campbell, Helen Campbell, Hilary Campbell, Jonathan Campbell, Mark Campbell, Robyn Campbell, Wynny Campbell, Quentin Campbell Hewson, Julie Camsooksai, Ana Canabarro, Lisa Canclini, Shaula Mae Candido, Janie Candlish, Cielito Caneja, Johnathon Cann, Ruby Cannan, Emma Cannon, Michael Cannon, Petra Cannon, Vivienne Cannons, Jane Cantliff, Ben Caplin, Santino Capocci, Noemi Caponi, Angelika Capp, Anne Capps-Jenner, Thomas Capstick, Ishmael Carboo, Nuria Cardenas, Mary Cardwell, Rachel Carey, Simon Carley, Tammy Carlin, Andrew Carlton, Samantha Carmichael, Mandy Carnahan, Rebecca Carnegie, Charlotte Caroline, Emily Carpenter, Jodi Carpenter, David Carr, Sharon Carr, Anna Carrasco, Samantha Carrington, Zoe Carrington, Paul Carroll, Caroline Carron, Anne Carstairs, Jonathan Carter, Michael Carter, Moira Carter, Paul Carter, Penny Carter, Steven Carter, Simon 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Chandler, Kim J Chandler, Stuart Chandler, Zoe Chandler, Vikki Chandler-Vizard, Sumit Chandra, Navin Chandran, Badrinathan Chandrasekaran, Cherry Chang, Yvonne Chang, Josephine Chaplin, Graeme Chapman, John Chapman, Katie Chapman, Laura Chapman, Lianne Chapman, Polly Chapman, Timothy Chapman, Lucy Chappell, Linda Chapple, Amanda Charalambou, Bethan Charles, Dianne Charlton, Sally Charlton, Kevin Chatar, Calvin Chatha, Ritesh Chaube, Muhammad YN Chaudhary, Iram Chaudhry, Nazia Chaudhuri, Muhammad Chaudhury, Anoop Chauhan, Ruchi S Chauhan, Vipul Chauhan, Nicola Chavasse, Iknam Chaven, Rosanna Chavez, Vipal Chawla, Maria Cheadle, Lindsay Cheater, James Cheaveau, Charlotte Cheeld, Michelle Cheeseman, Fang Chen, Hui Min Chen, Terence Chen, Lok Yin Cheng, Zhihang Cheng, Helen Chenoweth, Chun How Cheong, Shiney Cherian, Suzanne Cherif, Mary Cherrie, Helen Cheshire, Barry Chesterson, Betty Cheung, Chee Kay Cheung, Elaine Cheung, Michelle Cheung, Claire Cheyne, Swati Chhabra, Wei Ling Chia, Eric Chiang, Angela Chiapparino, Rosavic Chicano, Zviedzo A Chikwanha, Sam Chilcott, Phillipa Chimbo, KokWai Chin, Wen Jie Chin, Rumbidzai Chineka, Amol Chingale, Karen Chinn, Vashira Chiroma, Heather Chisem, Claire Chisenga, Ben Chisnall, Carolyn Chiswick, Sunder Chita, Nihil Chitalia, Matthew Chiu, Brenda Chivima, Catherine Chmiel, Soha Choi, Willy Choon Kon Yune, Vandana Choudhary, Sarah Choudhury, Bing-Lun Chow, Fateha Chowdhury, Mahibbur Chowdhury, Shahid Chowdhury, Victoria Christenssen, Peter Christian, Alexander Christides, Fiona Christie, Daniel Christmas, Thereza Christopherson, Mark Christy, Paris Chrysostomou, Yunli Chua, Shabs Chucha, Dip Chudgar, Richard Chudleigh, Srikanth Chukkambotla, Michael E Chukwu, Izu Chukwulobelu, Chi Y Chung, Ben Church, Elaine Church, Sara R Church, David Churchill, Nicole Cianci, Nick Ciccone, Paola Cicconi, Paola Cinardo, Zdenka Cipinova, Bessie Cipriano, Sarah Clamp, Melanie Clapham, Edel Clare, Sarbjit Clare, Andrew Clark, Charlotte Clark, Diane Clark, Felicity Clark, Gabrielle Clark, James Clark, Katherine Clark, Kaylea Clark, Louise Clark, Lucy Clark, Matthew Clark, Patricia Clark, Richard Clark, Thomas Clark, Wendy Clark, Zoe Clark, Andrea Clarke, Heather Clarke, Mark Clarke, Paul Clarke, Robert Clarke, Roseanne Clarke, Samantha Clarke, Sarah Clarke, Sheron Clarke, Tracy Clarke, Andrew Clarkson, Alleyna Claxton, Kate Clay, Elizabeth Clayton, Olivia Clayton, Jill Clayton-Smith, Chris Cleaver, Carlota Clemente de la Torre, Jayne Clements, Suzanne Clements, Francesca Clemons, Lee Clifford, Lynne Clifford, Rachael Clifford, Sarah Clifford, Amelia Clive, Jonathan Clouston, Samantha Clueit, Andrea Clyne, Michelle Coakley, Peter G L Coakley, Tony Coates, Kathryn Cobain, Alexandra Cochrane, Patricia Cochrane, Maeve Cockerell, Helen Cockerill, Shirley Cocks, Rachel Codling, Adam Coe, Samantha Coetzee, David Coey, Danielle Cohen, Jonathan Cohen, Oliver Cohen, Mike Cohn, Louise Coke, Olutoyin Coker, Nicholas Colbeck, Roghan 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Susie Ferguson, Victoria Ferguson, Denzil Fernandes, Candida Fernandez, Eduardo Fernandez, Maria Fernandez, Sonia Fernandez Lopez, Callum Jeevan Fernando, Ahmed Feroz, Pietro Ferranti, Thais Ferrari Gersogamo, Eleanor Ferrelly, Alexandra Ferrera, Emma Ferriman, Nicholas Fethers, Ben Field, Janet Field, Rebecca Field, Karen Fielder, Lindsey Fieldhouse, Andra Fielding, Julie Fielding, Len Fielding, Sarah Fielding, Asma Fikree, Sarah Ann Filson, Sarah Finbow, Debbie Finch, Joanne Finch, Laurie Finch, Joanne Finden, Natalie Fineman, Lauren Finlayson, Adam Finn, Joanne Finn, Clare Finney, Sofia Fiouni, Jo Fiquet, Dani Fisher, Emily Fisher, James Fisher, Neil Fisher, Meadow Fisher Crisp, Daniel Fishman, Krystofer Fishwick, Lorraine Fitzgerald, Chloe Fitzpatrick-Creamer, Jan Flaherty, Michael Flanagan, Charles Flanders, Cathy Flatters, Julie Fleming, Lucy Fleming, Paul Fleming, William Flesher, Alison Fletcher, Jonathan Fletcher, Lucy Fletcher, Simon Fletcher, Sophie Fletcher, Karen Flewitt, Christopher Flood, Ian Floodgate, Vincent Florence, Sharon Floyd, Kelly Flynn, Rachel Flynn, Sara Flynn, Claire Foden, Adama Fofana, Georgina Fogarty, Claire Foley, Paul Foley, Linda Folkes, Daniela Mock Font, Evodian Fonyonga, Aiwyne Foo, Jane Foo, Andrew Foot, Jayne Foot, Jane Forbes, Jamie Ford, Kathy Ford, Jennifer Foreman, Caroline Fornolles, Adam Forrest, Ellie Forsey, Miranda Forsey, Thomas Forshall, Elliot Forster, Julian Forton, Emily Foster, Joseph Foster, Rachel A Foster, Tracy Foster, Theodora Foukanelli, Angela Foulds, Ian Foulds, Folakemi Fowe, Emily Fowler, Robert Fowler, Stephen Fowler, Caroline Fox, Claire Fox, Daniel Fox, Heather Fox, Jonathan Fox, Lauren Fox, Natalie Fox, Olivia Fox, Simon Fox, Sarah-Jane Foxton, Yasin Fozdar, Rebecca Frake, Alex Francioni, Olesya Francis, Rebecca Francis, Sarah Francis, Theodora Francis-Bacon, Jason Frankcam, Helen Frankland, Gayle Franklin, Jessica Franklin, Darron Franks, Catherine Fraser, Laura Fraser, Sharon Frayling, Martyn Fredlund, Matthew Free, Carol Freeman, Elaine Freeman, Hannah Freeman, Nicola Freeman, Clare Freer, Ian Freestone, Eleanor French, Matthew Frise, Renate Fromson, Claire Froneman, Adam Frosh, John Frost, Victoria Frost, Oliver Froud, Rachel Frowd, Arun Fryatt, Jake Fryer, Janet Fu, Bridget Fuller, Liz Fuller, Neil Fuller, Tracy Fuller, Duncan Fullerton, Jenny Fullthorpe, Carrie Fung, Gayle Fung, Sarah Funnell, John Furness, Charlene Furtado, Andrew Fyfe, Nytianandan G, Elizabeth Gabbitas, Claire Gabriel, Diana Gabriel, Hadiza Gachi, Rose Gad, Joshua Gahir, Sarveen Gajebasia, Katarzyna Gajewska-Knapik, Zacharoula Galani, Christopher Gale, Hugo Gale, Rebecca Gale, Swetha Gali, Karen Galilee, Bernadette Gallagher, Jude Gallagher, Rosie Gallagher, William Gallagher, Joanne Galliford, Catherine Galloway, Chris Galloway, Emma Galloway, Jacqui Galloway, James Galloway, Laura Gamble, Liz Gamble, Brian Gammon, Jaikumar Ganapathi, Ramesh Ganapathy, Kaminiben Gandhi, Sarah Gandhi, Usha Ganesh, Abrar Gani, Emma-James Garden, Antoni D Gardener, Emma Gardiner, Jill Gardiner, Michael Gardiner, Phil Gardiner, Siobhan Gardiner, Caroline Gardiner-Hill, Jonathan Gardner, Mark Garfield, Atul Garg, Nathan Garlick, Justin Garner, Lucie Garner, Zoe Garner, Kimberley Garnett, Robert Garney, Rosaline Garr, Michael Garstka, Peter Gartan, Florence Garty, Rachel Gascoyne, Hyeriju Gashau, Noha Gasmalseed, Michaela Gaspar, Aoife Gatenby, Erin Gaughan, Alok Gaurav, Mariana Gavrila, Jane Gaylard, Emma Gaywood, Catherine Geddie, Alison Geddis, Ian Gedge, Sarah Gee, Minerva Gellamucho, Karzan Gelly, Leila Gelmon, Sandra Gelves-Zapata, Gemma Genato, Susan Gent, Natalie Geoghegan, Chloe George, Sam George, Tina George, Simon Georges, Domonique Georgiou, Peter Gerard, Leigh Gerdes, Louise Germain, Helen Gerrish, Abel Getachew, Louise Gethin, Hisham Ghanayem, Amardeep Ghattaoraya, Anca Gherman, Alison Ghosh, Justin Ghosh, Sudhamay Ghosh, Sarra Giannopoulou, Malick Gibani, Andrew Gibb, Ben Gibbison, Kerry Gibbons, Alex Gibson, Bethan Gibson, Kimberley Gibson, Kirsty Gibson, Sian Gibson, Cat Gilbert, Jeanette Gilbert, Joanne Gilbert, Kayleigh Gilbert, Sean Gilchrist, Benjamin Giles, Mandy Gill, Rose Gill, Lynne Gill, Paul Gillen, Annelies Gillesen, Katherine Gillespie, Matt Gillespie, Elizabeth Gillham, Andrew Gillian, Deborah Gilliland, Robert Gillott, Danielle Gilmour, Kate Gilmour, Theodora Giokanini-Royal, Anna Gipson, Joanna Girling, Rhian Gisby, Angelena Gkioni, Aikaterini Gkoritsa, Effrossyni Gkrania-Klotsas, Amy Gladwell, James Glanville, Jessica Glasgow, Susannah Glasgow, Jon Glass, Lynn Glass, Sharon Glaysher, Lisa Gledhill, Ana Glennon, John Glover, Kyle Glover, Jan Glover Bengtsson, Chevanthy Gnanalingam, Julie Goddard, Wendy Goddard, Emily Godden, Jo Godden, Gillian Godding, Emma Godson, Gerry Gogarty, Sukanya Gogoi, Aiky Goh, Rebeca Goiriz, Sriya Gokaraju, Philip Gold, Raphael Goldacre, Arthur Goldsmith, Portia Goldsmith, Darren Gomersall, Lucia Gomez, Raquel Gomez-Marcos, Ali Gondal, Celia Gonzalez, Jack Goodall, Bob Goodenough, Laura Goodfellow, James Goodlife, Camelia Goodwin, Elizabeth Goodwin, Jayne Goodwin, Paula Goodyear, Rajiv Gooentilleke, Sharif Goolam-Hossen, Michelle Goonasekara, Sheila Gooseman, Shameer Gopal, Peter Gordon, Sally Gordon, Hugh Gorick, Caitlin Gorman, Claire Gorman, Stuart Gormely, Diana Gorog, Jan Gorry, Michelle Gorst, Thomas Gorsuch, Jayshreebahen Gosai, Rebecca Gosling, Sally Gosling, Georgina Gosney, Vanessa Goss, Dzintars Gotham, Naomi Gott, Elizabeth Goudie, Amanda Gould, Angela Gould, Susan Gould, Lysander Gourbault, Anna Gouveia, Abha Govind, Sharon Gowans, Girish Gowda, Rohit Gowda, Pauline Gowdy, Hannah Gower, Thomas Gower, Pankaj Goyal, Sunil Goyal, Sushant Goyal, Beverley Graham, Clive Graham, Jane Graham, Jonathan Graham, Justin Graham, Libby Graham, Sharon Graham, Matthew Graham-Brown, Julia Grahamslaw, Gianluca Grana, Tracyanne Grandison, Louis Grandjean, Alison Grant, Ann Grant, David Grant, 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Griffiths, Yvonne Griffiths, Sofia Grigoriadou, Steph Grigsby, Paul Grist, Stephen Grist, Evelina Grobovaite, Clarissa Grondin, Rachel Groome, Liliana Grosu, Jenny Grounds, Margaret Grout, Helen Grover, Jayne Groves, Neil Grubb, Julie Grundy, Francesca Guarino, Sharada Gudur, Sharazeq Guettari, Shivang Gulati, Vikas Gulia, Pumali Gunasekera, Malin Gunawardena, Kirun Gunganah, Jessica Gunn, Emma Gunter, Alok Gupta, Atul Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Richa Gupta, Rishi Gupta, Tarun Gupta, Vineet Gupta, Ankur Gupta-Wright, Victoria Guratsky, Alvyda Gureviciute, Sambasivarao Gurram, Bhawana Gurung, Shraddha Gurung, Hazel Guth, Ruth Habibi, Berkin Hack, Pamela Hackney, Christian Hacon, Aiman Haddad, Denise Hadfield, Michalis Hadjiandreou, Nikolaos Hadjisavvas, Leah Hadzik, Anna Haestier, Nauman Hafiz, Rana Hafiz-Ur-Rehman, Javed Hafsa, Samantha Hagan, Jack W Hague, Rosemary Hague, Kate Haigh, Christina Haines, Scott Hainey, Morton Hair, Brigid Hairsine, Juraj Hajnik, Anne Haldeos, Writaja Halder, Jennie Hale, Carmel Halevy, Paul Halford, William Halford, Alistair Hall, Anthony Hall, Claire Hall, Elizabeth Hall, Emma Hall, Fiona Hall, Helen Hall, Jennifer Hall, Kathryn Hall, Bill Hall, Jan Hallas, Kyle Hallas, Charles Hallett, Becky-Lee Halls, Heather Halls, Maryam Hamdollah-Zadeh, Bilal Hameed, Imran Hamid, Mohamad Hamie, Bethany Hamilton, Fergus Hamilton, Leigh Hamilton, Nicola Hamilton, Ruth Hamlin, Eleanor Hamlyn, Beatrice Hammans, Shirley Hammersley, Kate Hammerton, Bev Hammond, Leah Hammond, Sara Hammond, Fiona Hammonds, Ibrahim Hamoodi, Karen Hampshire, Elizabeth Hampson, Jude Hampson, Lucy Hampson, Ozan Hanci, Ian Hancock, Sadiyah Hand, Jasmine Handford, Soran Handrean, Sarah Haney, Sheharyar Hanif, E Hanison, Alison Hanlon, Jennifer Hannah, Amy Hannington, Merhej Hannun, Aidan Hanrath, Anita Hanson, Jane Hanson, Kathryn Hanson, Steve Hanson, Helen Hanwell, Mazhar Ul Haq, Ala Haqiqi, Monjurul Haque, Lesley Harden, Zoe Harding, Simon Hardman, Joanna Hardy, Kumar Haresh, Rachel Harford, Beverley Hargadon, Carolyn Hargreaves, Emily Hargreaves, James Hargreaves, Alice Harin, Mohammed Haris, Edward Harlock, Sandra Harlow, Paula Harman, Tracy Harman, Mark Harmer, Muhammad A Haroon, Charlie Harper, Fiona Harper, Heather Harper, Melanie Harper, Peter Harper, Rosemary Harper, Sarah Harrhy, Sian Harrington, Yasmin Harrington-Davies, Jade Harris, Jess Harris, John Harris, Laura Harris, Marie-Clare Harris, Naomi Harris, Nichola Harris, Sophie Harris, Alex Harrison, David Harrison, Julie Harrison, Laura Harrison, Melanie Harrison, Rowan Harrison, Susie Harrison, Thomas Harrison, Wendy Harrison, Elizabeth Harrod, Ciaran Hart, Dominic Hart, Lisa Hartley, Rosemary Hartley, Ruth Hartley, Tom Hartley, William Hartrey, Phillipa Hartridge, Stuart Hartshorn, Heli Harvala, Alice Harvey, Angela Harvey, Max Harvey, Catherine Harwood, Helen Harwood, Brigitte Haselden, Kazi Hashem, Mohammed Hashimm, Tadaaki Hashimoto, Imranullah Hashmi, Sarah Haskins, Zena Haslam, Adil Hassan, Ali Hassan, Wagae UI Hassan, Waqar Ul Hassan, Sapna Hassasing, Jane Hassell, Philip Hassell, Alex Hastings, Bethany Hastings, Janice Hastings, Stephanie Hatch, Jonathan Hatton, Sheryl Haviland, May Havinden-Williams, Stefan Havlik, Daniel B Hawcutt, Kadean Hawes, Liz Hawes, Nicola Hawes, Annie Hawkins, Catherine Hawkins, Nancy Hawkins, Tanya Hawkins, Dan Hawley, Ed Hawley-Jones, Edward Haworth, Cathy Hay, Amna Hayat, Jamal Hayat, Mohamed-Riyal Hayathu, Tamsin Haydon, Anne Hayes, Jonas Hayes, Kate Hayes, Melony Hayes, Vanessa Hayes, Fiona Hayes, Patrick Hayle, Chloe Haylett, Antara Hayman, Melanie Hayman, Matthew Haynes, Richard Haynes, Rachel Hayre, Sarah Haysom, James Hayward, Patrick Haywood, Tracy Hazelton, Phoebe Hazenberg, Zhengmai He, Elizabeth Headon, Carrie Heal, Brendan Healy, Amy Hearn, Angela Heath, Rowan Heath, Diane Heaton, Kerry Hebbron, Gemma Hector, Andy Hedges, Katrine Hedges, Cheryl Heeley, Elaine Heeney, Rajdeep Heire, Ulla Hemmila, Cassie Hemmings, Scott 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Hill, Phoebe Hill, Uta Hill, Annette Hilldrith, Elizabeth Hillerby, Catherine Hillman-Cooper, Elisabeth Hilton, Zoe Hilton, Sarah Hinch, Marcus Hinde, Andrew Hindle, Alice Hindmarsh, Paul Hine, Kim Hinshaw, Clare Hird, Alison Hirst, Jemma Hives, Benson Ho, Michaela Hoare, David Hobden, Gill Hobden, Maria Hobrok, Simon Hobson, Renate Hodge, Simon Hodge, Lesley Hodgen, Holly Hodgkins, Louise Hodgkinson, Sally Hodgkinson, David Hodgson, Helen Hodgson, Luke Hodgson, Sheila Hodgson, Gemma Hodkinson, Kenneth Hodson, Matthew Hogben, Lucy Hogg, Lee Hoggett, Abigail Holborow, Catherine Holbrook, Catherine Holden, Melinda Holden, Thomas Holder, Niels Holdhof, Hannah Holdsworth, Lisa Holland, Maureen Holland, Nicky Holland, Marie Hollands, Elizabeth Holliday, Nina Holling, Gillian Hollis, Laszlo Hollos, Linda Holloway, Simon Holloway, Marcus Hollyer, Amy Holman, Ann Holmes, Benjamin Holmes, Megan Holmes, Raphael Holmes, Rebecca Holmes, Kelly Holroyd, Caroline Holt, Lyndsey Holt, Siobhan Holt, Susie Holt, Alexandra Holyome, Marie Home, Toni Home, Renate Homewood, Kate Hong, Laura Hontoria del Hoyo, Clare Hooper, Sarah Hoosdally, Samantha Hope, Susan Hope, Bridget Hopkins, Peter W Horby, Stephanie Horler, Anil Hormis, Daniel Hornan, Nicola Hornby, Zoey Horne, Latoya Horsford, Megan Horsford, Mark Horsford, Valana Horsham, Alexander Horsley, Ashley Horsley, Elizabeth Horsley, Sarah Horton, Nicola Horton-Turner, Jane Hosea, Toby Hoskins, Muhammad S Hossain, Rashed Hossain, Leanne Hostler, Maxine Hough, Sarah Hough, Brittany Houghton, Catherine Houghton, Iain Houghton, Kathryn Houghton, Rebecca Houlihan, Angela Houston, Hamish Houston, Tawedzegwa Hove, Roseanna Hovvels, Lee How, Laura Howaniec, Laura Howard, Linda Howard, Lucy Howard, Sarah Howard, Stuart Howard, Richard Howard-Griffin, Alison Howarth, Diane Howarth, Serena Howe, Mark Howells, Lyn Howie, Kerry Howlett, Sophie Howlett, Joanne Hoyle, Josh Hrycaiczuk, Naing Zaya Htoon, Su Htwe, Ying Hu, Chiang Ooi Huah Huah, Abby Huckle, Shahzya Huda, Alison Hudak, Lisa Hudig, Alex Hudson, Cara Hudson, Heather Hudson, Peter Hudson, Oli Hudson, Alison Hufton, Connor Huggins, Alistair Hughes, Eithne Hughes, Emma Hughes, Gareth Hughes, Heather Hughes, Luke Hughes, Rachel Hughes, Rebecca Hughes, Samantha Hughes, Stephen Hughes, Vikki Hughes, Wesley Hughes, Lukas Huhn, Ching Hui, Ruth Hulbert, Diana Hull, Grace Hull, Robert Hull, Amanda Hulme, Peter Hulme, Wendy Hulse, George Hulston, Ryan Hum, Laura Humber, Megan Hume, Charlotte Humphrey, Ismay Humphreys, Alasdair Humphries, Joanne Humphries, Lena Hunold, Fiona Hunt, Kristen Hunt, Luke Hunt, Sophie Hunt, Al Hunter, Alexandra Hunter, Isobel Hunter, Karl Hunter, Neil Hunter, George Huntington, Elizabeth Hurditch, Cian Hurley, Katrina Hurley, Mohammed A Husain, Syeda Yusra Husaini, Coralie Huson, Afreen Hussain, Ibraar Hussain, Ifza Hussain, Mohammad Hussain, Muhammad Hussain, Reda Hussain, Sajid Hussain, Samia Hussain, Sanniah Hussain, Wasim Hussain, Yasmin Hussain, Mohammed Hussam El-Din, Raheem Hussein, Rebecca Hussey, Camille Hutchinson, Dorothy Hutchinson, Elizabeth Hutchinson, John Hutchinson, Claire Hutsby, Paula Hutton, Daniella Hydes, Jamie Hyde-Wyatt, Niamh Hynes, Megan Hyslop, Mazen Ibraheim, Abdalla Ibrahim, Ahmed Ibrahim, Asil Ibrahim, Mohamed Ibrahim, Monzeer Ibrahim, Wadah Ibrahim, Adetokunbo I Idowu, Muhammad Idrees, Hina Iftikhar, Mawara Iftikhar, Chukwuemeka Igwe, Mohammad Ijaz, Amaju Ikomi, Clare Iles, Stamatina Iliodromiti, Mary Ilsley, Lorna Ilves, La'ali Imam-Gutierrez, Christopher Imray, Alison Imtiaz, Haider Imtiaz, Claire Ingall, Jack Ingham, Julie Ingham, Rory Ingham, Tejas Ingle, Jennifer Inglis, Anne Ingram, Luke Ingram, Peter Inns, Ken Inweregbu, Andreea A Ionescu, Ana Ionita, Ilian P Iordanov, Anil Ipe, Adil Iqbal, Madiha Iqbal, Mohammed Iqbal, Faisal Iqbal Sait, Jane Ireland, Robert Irons, Mohannad Irshad, Muhammad S Irshad, Janice Irvine, Val Irvine, Pamela Irving, Robert Irving, Mina Ishak, Erica Isherwood, Aminul Islam, Abdurrahman Islim, Ali Ismail, Omar Ismail, Caroline Ison, M'hamedi Israa, Sharon Isralls, Ali Issa, Monica Ivan, Catrina Ivel, Chineze Ivenso, Ashleigh Ivy, Sophie Iwanikiw, Karen Ixer, Menaka Iyer, Mia Iyer, Calum Jack, Amanda Jackson, Anthony Jackson, Ben Jackson, Beth Jackson, Douglas Jackson, Ella Jackson, Hayley Jackson, Helen Jackson, Jane Jackson, Julie Jackson, Karin Jackson, Lauren Jackson, Melanie Jackson, Nicola Jackson, Shane Jackson, Sharon Jackson, Nikita Jacob, Patricia Jacob, Reni Jacob, Nicola Jacques, Terri-Lisa Jacques-Brown, Anisa Jafar, Daniel Jafferji, Ali Jaffery, Chandrashekar Jagadish, Vijay Jagannathan, Sam Jaggard, Mandeep Jagpal, Fernandez R Jaime, Neemisha Jain, Seema Jain, Susan Jain, Sanjay Jaiswal, Danyal Jajbhay, Thomas Jaki, Bintou Jallow, Yusuf Jaly, Sabine Jamal, Zeba Jamal, Yasmin Jameel, Albie James, Christie James, Kate James, Lee James, Linda James, Mark James, Nicholas James, Olivia James, Rebecca James, Ruth James, Tracy James, Jack Jameson, Aaron Jamison, Phoebe Jane, Azara Janmohamed, Sabrina Jansz, Deepa Japp, Lorraine Jappy, Victor Jardim, Catherine Jardine, Emma Jarnell, Ellie Jarvie, Ann Jarvis, Claire Jarvis, Lisa Jarvis, Rosina Jarvis, Patrycja Jastrzebska, Hafsa Javed, Mays Jawad, Lona Jawaheer, Kauky Jawaid, Anu Jayachandran, Dinakaran Jayachandran, Angelina Jayakumar, Deepak Jayaram, Ravi Jayaram, Geeshath Jayasekera, Thilina Jayatilleke, Abi Jayebalan, Saman Jeddi, Vandana Jeebun, Mohammad S Jeelani, Zeynab Jeewa, Emma Jefferson, Katie Jeffery, Helen Jeffrey, Jenni Jeffrey, Rachel Jeffrey, Sue Jeffrey, Nathan Jeffreys, Benjamin Jeffs, Debbie Jegede, Taylor Jemima, Ifan Jenkin, Alison Jenkins, Christopher Jenkins, David Jenkins, Elinor Jenkins, Sarah Jenkins, Sian Jenkins, Stephen Jenkins, Jacqui Jennings, Louise Jennings, Rebecca Jennings, Virginia Jennings, Ellen Jerome, Douglas Jerry, Ellen Jessup-Dunton, Jorge Antonio Jesus Silva, Champa Jetha, Kishan Jethwa, Jeby Jeyachandran, Visuvanathan Jeyakumar, Dharshana Jeyapalan, Shaman Jhanji, Khoo Jian, Zhixin Jiao, Laura Jimenez, Ana Jimenez Gil, Jithin Jith, Teishel Joefield, Navraj Johal, Karine Johannessen, Aisyah Johari, Annie John, Anu John, Navin John, Sarah John, Emma Johns, Margaret Johns, Anne-Marie Johnson, Antoinette Johnson, David Johnson, Emma Johnson, Gillian Johnson, Kathryn Johnson, Katie Johnson, Luke Johnson, Mark Johnson, Nelsonseelan Johnson, Oliver Johnson, Rachel Johnson, Tracy Johnson, Zoe Johnson, Claire Johnston, Janet Johnston, Laura Johnston, Susan Johnston, Victoria Johnston, Dawn Johnstone, Ed Johnstone, Janet Johnstone, Manohar Joishy, Adam Jones, Alistair Jones, Annabel Jones, Ben Jones, Bryony Jones, Carys Jones, Ceri Jones, Charlotte Jones, Christine E Jones, Debra Jones, Emily Jones, Gareth Jones, Geraldine Jones, Hazel Jones, Jac Jones, James Jones, Jamie Jones, Jessica Jones, Jonathon Jones, Julie Jones, Karen Jones, Kate E Jones, Kevin Jones, Laura Jones, Laura M Jones, Lorna Jones, Louise Jones, Mathew Jones, Nicola Jones, Paul Jones, Rhianna Jones, Ruth E Jones, Samantha Jones, Sophie Jones, Stefanie Jones, Steve Jones, Taya Jones, Tim Jones, Tracey Jones, Ramya Jonnalagadda, Rebecca Jordache, Annette Jose, Sanal Jose, Anna Joseph, Joseph Joseph, Rosane Joseph, Sibet Joseph, Dhaara Joshi, Mehul Joshi, Pratichi Joshi, Revati Joshi, Benz Josiah, Tiffany Joyce, Adriel Ju Wen Kwek, Edward Jude, Parminder Judge, Jessica Juhl, Sirisha Jujjavarapu, Mark Juniper, Edmund Juszczak, Deepthi Jyothish, Kasamu Kabiru Dawa, Mark Kacar, Katarina Kacinova, Nikhil Kadam, Rebecca Kahari, Gail Kakoullis, Azad Kala Bhushan, Richard JK Kalayi, Roobala Kaliannan Periyasami, Efthymia Kallistrou, Seika Kalsoom, Elisa Kam, John Kamara, Mohamed Kamara, Ajay Kamath, Prakash Kamath, Ravindra Kamath, Siddharth Arun Kamerkar, Nick Kametas, Musaiwale Kamfose, Arul Kandaswamy, Leia Kane, Osei Kankam, Thogulava Kannan, Abhinav Kant, Vikas Kapil, Ritoo Kapoor, Sonal Kapoor, Sourjya Kar, Janaka Kara, Vasita Kara, Marina Karakantza, Rona Kark, Nicholas Karunaratne, Natashja Kasianczuk, Vidya Kasipandian, Rizwan Kassam, Janarth Kathirgamachelvam, Victoria Katsande, Kulbinder Kaul, Daljit Kaur, Dervinder Kaur, Jasmin Kaur, Jaspreet Kaur, Satvinder Kaur, Zunaira Kausar, Mohammad AA Kawser, Andrea Kay, Sarah Kay, Jossy N Kayappurathu, Callum Kaye, Ahemd Kazeem, Naved Kazi, Sharon Kaznica, Samantha Kearley, Rachel Kearns, Nichola Kearsley, Joanne Keating, John Keating, Liza Keating, Elizabeth Keddie-Gray, Katie Keen, Natalie Keenan, Jonathan Kefas, Stephen Kegg, Laura Keith, Uzoamaka Keke, Tosin Kelani, Joanne Kellett, Jeremy Kellington, Alison Kelly, Conor Kelly, David Kelly, Diane Kelly, Dominic Kelly, Emma Kelly, Laura Kelly, Martin Kelly, Michael Kelly, Rosalind Kelly, Sinead Kelly, Stephen Kelly, Thomas Kelly, Mary Kelly-Baxter, Marketa Keltos, Timothy Kemp, Kelly Kemsley, Alexandra Kendall-Smith, Sarah Kennard, Ann Kennedy, Caroline Kennedy, James Kennedy, Sophie Kennedy-Hay, Julia Kenny, Kelly Kent, Melanie Kent, Lynne Keogan, Alexander Keough, Clement Kerlin, A Kerr, Andrew Kerr, Maria Kerr, Caroline Kerrison, Anthony Kerry, Samantha Kershaw, Helen Kerslake, Ian Kerslake, Helen Kerss, Jocelyn Keshet-Price, Margaret Kevern, Georgina Keyte, Abdul Khadar, Ali Khalid, Muhammad U Khalid, Syed Khalid, Amir Khalil, Asma Khalil, Sijjad Khalil, Abubakar Khan, Ali Khan, Al-Imran Khan, Arham Khan, Asad Khan, Aurangzeb Khan, Burhan Khan, Camran Khan, Fatimah Khan, Kausik Khan, Malik Aamaz Khan, Marria Khan, Mehrunnisha Khan, Mohammad Khan, Mohammed Khan, Nayeem Khan, Omar Khan, Rahe Khan, Rahila Khan, Sabiya Khan, Shabana Khan, Shahul Khan, Shoaib Khan, Tasaduksultan Khan, Waseem Khan, Usman F Khatana, Jibran Khatri, Jyoti Khatri, Hafiza Khatun, Taslima Khatun, Mena Kheia, Jacyntha Khera, Htet Ei Khin, Najaf Khoja, Kiran Khokhar, Jayne Khorsandi, Chloe Khurana, Faith Kibutu, Andrew Kidd, Michelle Kidd, Joe Kidney, Shane Kidney, Will Kieffer, James Kilbane, Caroline Kilby, 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Korcierz, James Korolewicz, George Koshy, Chris Kosmidis, Jalpa Kotecha, Easwari Kothandaraman, Leonidas Koukouflis, Koushan Kouranloo, Rukhsana Kousar'c, Margarita Kousteni, Maja Kovac, Alex Kozak Eskenazia, Kestutis Krasauskas, Raghu Krishnamurthy, Vinodh Krishnamurthy, Manju Krishnan, Hari Krishnan, Suzanne Krizak, Sean Krupej, Agnieszka Kubisz-Pudelko, Soren Kudsk-Iversen, Aurimas Kudzinskas, Chirag Kukadiya, Nainesha Kulkarni, Aditi Kumar, Mayur Kumar, Ramesh Kumar, Ravi Kumar, Rita Kumar, Rupa Kumar, Satish Kumar, Vimal Kumar, Arun Kundu, Heinke Kunst, Amit Kurani, Mohammed Kurdy, Rincy Kurian, Vimal Kurmars, Cameron Kuronen-Stewart, Ranganai S Kusangaya, Vlad Kushakovsky, Mandy Kuunal, Apexa Kuverji, Amma Kyei-Mensah, Thyra Kyere-Diabour, Moe Kyi, Nyan M Kyi, Laura Kyle, Karali-Tsilimpari Kyriaki, Julius Labao, Louise Lacey, Nikki Lack, Emma Ladlow, Heather Lafferty, Shondipon Laha, Sushil Lahane, Clement Lai, James Lai, Emma Laing, Robert Laing, Inez Laing-Faiers, Emily Laity, Michelle Lake, Nicki Lakeman, David Lalloo, Fiona Lalloo, Alison Lam, Fiona Lamb, Lucy Lamb, Thomas Lamb, Nick Lambe, Pauline Lambert, Claudia Lameirinhas, Mohammed KG Lami, Abigail Lamikanra, Holly Lamont, Michal Lamparski, Djillali Lamrani, Christine Lanaghan, Rebecca Lanaway, Ivone Lancona-Malcolm, Julia Lancut, Geraldine Landers, Martin J Landray, Matthew Lane, Nicholas Lane, Alidih Lang, Stephen Lang, Daniel Langer, Margaret Langley, Charles Langoya, Emily Langthorne, Taiya Large, Wojciech Lason, Anna Last, Scott Latham, John Latham-Mollart, Afzal Latheef, Darren Latimer, Nang Latt, Carly-Jane Lattimore, Dawn Lau, Eva Lau, Myra Laurenson, Hou Law, Jennifer Law, Jessica Law, Penny Law, Richard Law, Colin Lawler, Mark Lawley, Emma Lawrence, Jo Lawrence, Neil Lawrence, Ryan Lawrie, Jemima Lawson, Joanne Lawson, Louise Lawson, Rebecca Lawton, Michael Lay, Christine Laycock, Reina Layug, Maria Lazo, Vietland Le, Amelia Lea, William Lea, Ian Leadbitter, Thomas Leahy, Richard Lean, Lorna Leandro, Darren Leaning, Sandra Leason, Christina Leaver, Marie Anne Ledingham, Emma Lee, Hannah Lee, Irish Lee, Judith Lee, Sam Lee, Shi Han Lee, Simon Lee, Sindy Lee, Stephanie Lee, Tracey Lee, Xiang Lee, Diana Lees, Jennifer Lees, Helen Legge, Julian Leggett, Katie Leigh-Ellis, Kevan Leighton, Nicky Leitch, Eleni Lekoudis, Petula Lemessy, Nicholas Lemoine, Joana Lemos, Irina Lenchuk, Katy Leng, Katrina Lennon, Liz Lennon, Isabel Lentell, Kelly Leonard, Wen Leong, Nicky Leopold, Oskar Lepiarczyk, Isla Leslie, Eleni Lester, Joe Leung, Ullrich Leuschner, Emma Levell, Chris Levett, Alice Lewin, Michaela Lewin, Alison Lewis, David Lewis, Dee Lewis, Georgina Lewis, Gillian Lewis, Joanne Lewis, Joseph Lewis, Kathryn Lewis, Keir Lewis, Leon Lewis, Lisa Lewis, Marissa Lewis, Rob Lewis, Robert Lewis, Catherine Lewis-Clarke, Lorraine Lewis-Prosser, Katherine Lewiston, Adam Lewszuk, Penny Lewthwaite, Samantha Ley, Anna Li, Jenny Li, Angela Liao, Victoria Licence, David Lieberman, Susan Liebeschuetz, Nicky Lightfoot, Patrick Lillie, Ben Lim, Carys Lim, Ee Thong Lim, Ivy Lim, Terence Lim, Wei Shen Lim, Wilson Lim, James Limb, Usha Limbu, Christian Linares, Dermot Linden, Gabriella Lindergard, Kate Lindley, Charlotte Lindsay, Emily Lindsay, Max Lindsay, Helen Lindsay-Clarke, Mirella Ling, Claire Lingam, Linette Linkson, Mike Linney, Louise Linsell, Conrad Lippold, George Lipscomb, Karen Lipscomb, Laura Lipskis, Ana Lisboa, Evangeline Lister, Charlotte Little, Jeff Little, Sam Little, Xuedi Liu, Alexandra Liversidge, Jill Livingstone, Daniel K Llanera, Rhiannon Llewellyn, Martin Llewelyn, Adam Lloyd, Aimee Lloyd, Arwel Lloyd, Oliver Lloyd, Richard Lloyd, Su Lo, David Loader, Cristina Lobato, Maria Lobo-Clarke, Lydianne Lock, Sara Lock, Stephen Lock, Angela Locke, Jacqueline Locke, Thomas Locke, Teresa Lockett, Sandy Lockyer, Jeorghino Lodge, Terrence Lodge, Martina Lofthouse, Tracey Lofting, Heather Loftus, Meg Logan, Chloe Logue, Sook Yin Loh, Siddharth Lokanathan, Kaatje Lomme, Emily London, Gabriella Long, Natalie Long, Bev Longhurst, Mark Longshaw, Jennifer Lonnen, Caroline Lonsdale, Laura Looby, Ronda Loosley, Paola Lopez, Paula Lopez, Robert Lord, Stuart Lord, Laura Lordache, Kieron Loregnard, Catherine Lorenzen, Claire Lorimer, Francesco Loro, Rachel Lorusso, Eva Loutraris, Robert Loveless, Maxine Lovell, Angeliki Loverdou, Huw Lovett, Daniel Loveys, Andrew Low, Jen Mae Low, Alastair Lowe, Caroline Lowe, Catherine Lowe, Emily Lowe, Faye Lowe, Michael Lowe, Linda Lowrey, Richard Lowsby, Vicki Lowthorpe, Emma Loxley, Gamu Lubimbi, Alexandra Lubina Solomon, Georgia Lucas, Jacob Lucas, Alice Lucey, Olivia Lucey, Suzanne Luck, H Luke, Jane Luke, Hayley Lund, Apurva Lunia, Muriel Lunn, Ji Luo, Julia Lussier, Cindy Nisha Luximon, Elisa Ly, Barrie Lyell, Elisavet Lyka, Sarah Lymn, Audrey Lynas, Ceri Lynch, Daniel Lynch, Daniella Lynch, Stephen Lynch, Helen Lyon, Rea-Grace Maamari, Hannah Mabb, Louies Mabelin, Jessica Macaro, Angela Macauley, Kateryna Macconaill, Chloe Macdonald, Stuart MacDonald, Tania MacDonald, Claire Macfadyen, James G Macfarlane, Jill Macfarlane, Laura Macfarlane, Cara MacGuigan, Lisa MacInnes, Iain MacIntyre, Jill MacIntyre, Kirsten Mack, Callum Mackay, Euan Mackay, Laura Mackay, Alexander Mackenzie, Matt Mackenzie, Robert MacKenzie Ross, Ami Mackey, Patricia Mackey, Fiona Mackie, Robert Mackie, Carolyn Mackinlay, Claire Mackintosh, Katherine Mackintosh, Sheila MacLennan, Mary Joan MacLeod, Michael Macmahon, Andrew MacNair, Catherine Macphee, Iain Macpherson, Catriona Macrae, Allan MacRaild, Eilidh MacVean, Alannah Madden, Mary Madden, Norman Madeja, Karen Madgwick, Pradeep Madhivathanan, Madhavi Madhusudhana, Harriet Madiyiko, Alpha Madu, Lorraine Madziva, Marion Mafham, Nick Magee, Frederick Magezi, Tim Maggs, Negar Maghsoodi, Christopher Magier, Marios Magriplis, Kathryn Maguire, Natasha Mahabir, Subramanian Mahadevan-Bava, Anjanie Maharajh, Ajit Mahaveer, Bal Mahay, Kanta Mahay, Hibo Mahdi, Thushika Mahendiran, Siva Mahendran, Sarah Maher, Anistta Maheswaran, Shameera Maheswaran, Tina Maheswaran, Parisa Mahjoob-Afag, Ahmed Mahmood, Farhana Mahmood, Waheed Mahmood, Zahra Mahmood, Hager Mahmoud, Ewan Mahony, Luke Mair, Toluwani Majekdunmi, Kesson Majid, Rupert Major, Jaydip Majumdar, Mohammad KH Majumder, Stephen Makin, Marius Malanca, Hannah Malcolm, Flora Malein, Neeraj Malhan, Ayesha Malik, Gulshan Malik, Mohammed Maljk, Paul Mallett, Petrina Mallinder, Georgia Mallison, Louise Mallon, Edward Malone, Gracie Maloney, Edgar Malundas, Madhu Mamman, Irene Man, Kathy Man, Rossana Mancinelli, Marco Mancuso-Marcello, Tracy Manders, Lauren Manderson, Justin Mandeville, Roope Manhas, Carmen Maniero, Ravi Manikonda, Bobby Mann, Jonathan Manning, Lynne Mannion, Katherine Mansi, Katarina Manso, Dina Mansour, Isheunesu T Mapfunde, Predeesh Mappa, Hemant Maraj, Garikayi Marange, Lisa March, Clare Marchand, Neil Marcus, Maria Marecka, Gomathi Margabanthu, Jordi Margalef, Lavinia Margarit, Georgios Margaritopoulos, Mike Margarson, Fernandez M Maria del Rocio, Teresa Maria Pfyl, Victor Mariano, Helen Maria-Osborn, Ashleigh Maric, Grace Markham, John Markham, Maria Marks, Pamela Marks, Elisabeth Marouzet, Arran Marriott, Cheryl Marriott, Nemonie Marriott, Brian Marsden, Karen Marsden, Paul Marsden, Sarah Marsden, Tracy Marsden, Robyn Marsh, Adam Marshall, Andrew Marshall, Gail Marshall, Henry Marshall, Jaimie Marshall, James Marshall, Jenna Marshall, Nicola Marshall, Riley Marshall, Jennifer Marshall, Samantha Marston, Emmeline Martin, Hayley Martin, Hope Martin, Jane Martin, Karen Martin, Kate Martin, Laila Martin, Michael Martin, Noelia Martin, Tim Martin, Winston Martin, Sarah Martin, Tim Martindale, Marcus Martineau, Alexander Martinez, Lauren Martinez, Jose Carlos Martinez Garrido, Juan Martin-Lazaro, Olivia Martins, Lucas Martins Ferreira, Vijay Kumar Maruthamuthu, Gemma Maryan, Roman Mary-Genetu, Sam Maryosh, Vidan Masani, Diego Maseda, Sheila Mashate, Yasaman Mashhoudi, Al Mashta, Izhaq Masih, Sanna Masih, Nick Maskell, Perry Maskell, Matthew Masoli, Lynn Mason, Rebecca Mason, Richard Mason, Ruth Mason, Claire Mason, Mohammad Masood, Mohammad T Masood, Syed Masood, Syed SME Masood, Aaqib Masud, Lear Matapure, Cristina Matei, Ropafadzo Matewe, Manraj Matharu, Stephy Mathen, Alex Mather, Nicole Mather, Jonathan Mathers, Joanna Matheson, Amal Mathew, Anna Mathew, Moncy Mathew, Verghese Mathew, Caroline Mathews, Jesha Mathews, Kate Mathias, Marion Mathie, Darwin Matila, Wadzanai Matimba-Mupaya, Nashaba Matin, Elina Matisa, Max Matonhodze, Elijah Matovu, Jaysankar Mattappillil, Alison J Matthews, Heather Matthews, Helen Matthews, Sue Matthews, Gwynn Matthias, Fiona Maxton, Adam Maxwell, Gemma Maxwell, Veronica Maxwell, James May, Joanne May, Oliver May, Philippa May, Irving Mayanagao, Matthew Maycock, Graham Mayers, Lee Maynard, Shelley Mayor, Ibreaheim Mazen, Andrea Mazzella, Nyambura Mburu, Mercy Mbwembwe, Martyn McAdam, Eleanor 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McEleavy, Julie McEnerney, Julie McEntee, Evanna McEvoy, Ruth McEwen, Margaret McFadden, Denise McFarland, Margaret McFarland, Rachel McFarland, Erin McGarry, Lorcan McGarvey, Margaret McGarvey, Clodagh McGettigan, Michael McGettrick, Christopher McGhee, Fiona McGill, Sarah McGinnity, Hannah McGivern, Neil McGlinchey, Phil McGlone, Deborah McGlynn, Claire McGoldrick, Clare McGoldrick, Elizabeth McGough, Margaret McGovern, Brendan McGrath, Amanda McGregor, Annemarie McGregor, Cathryn McGuinness, Heather McGuinness, Sean McGuire, Tara McHugh, Caroline McInnes, Neil McInnes, Karen McIntyre, Mhairi McIntyre, Carolyn McKay, Lorna McKay, Conor P McKeag, Madeleine McKee, Joseph McKeever, Shirley McKenna, Donogh McKeogh, Denise Mckeown, Caroline McKerr, Anthony M McKie, Claire Mckie, Laura Mckie, Gerard McKnight, Heather McLachlan, Andrew McLaren, Barbara McLaren, Nicola McLarty, Maria McLaughlin, James McLay, Mary McLeish, Tina McLennan, Lorna McLintock, Stewart McLure, Amanda McMahon, Anne 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van der Stelt, Joseph Vance-Daniel, Rama Vancheeswaran, Caryn Vander Riet, Samuel I Vandeyoon, Padma Vankayalapati, Piyush Vanmali, Chloe Vansomeren, William Van't Hoff, Sejal Vara, Kate Vardigans, Stehen J Vardy, Anu Varghese, Maria Varghese, William Varney, Giulia Varnier, Valeria Vasadi, Olivia Vass, Vimal Vasu, Vasanthi Vasudevan, Manu Vatish, Heloyes Vayalaman, Christopher Vaz, Niki Veale, Sachuda Veerasamy, Bar Velan, Swati Velankar, Luxmi Velauthar, Neyme Veli, Nicola Vella, Anitha Velusamy, Ian Venables, Mavi Venditti, David Veniard, Ramya Venkataramakrishnan, Richard Venn, Robert Venn, Lyn Ventilacion, Joanne Vere, Mark Veres, Stefania Vergnano, Will Verling, Amit Verma, Rachel Vernall, Britney Vernon, Mark Vertue, Jerik Verula, Natalie Vethanayagam, Lucy Veys, Carinna Vickers, Saji Victor, Jennifer Vidler, Wayne Vietri, Bavithra Vijayakumar, Vinod Warrier Vijayaraghavan Nalini, Brigita Vilcinskaite, Neringa Vilimiene, Sudharkar Vimalanathan, Lynn Vinall, Sylvia Vinay, Latha Vinayakarao, Rachel Vincent, Rosie Vincent, Pritpal Virdee, Emma Virgilio, Abdullah M Virk, Elisa Visentin, Jeyakumar Visuvanathan, Karunakaran Vithian, Sorice Vittoria, Elena Vlad, Ben Vlies, Alain Vuylsteke, Eleftheria Vyras, Richard Wach, Beverley Wadams, Susan Wadd, Natalia Waddington, Kirsten Wadsworth, Syed EI Wafa, Daniel Wagstaff, Lynda Wagstaff, Dalia Wahab, Zaroug Wahbi, Abiodun Waheed Adigun, Sawan Waidyanatha, Rachel Wake, Alice Wakefield, William Wakeford, Michelle Wakelin, Fiona Wakinshaw, Andrew Walden, Jane Walden, Lorna Walding, Alexandria Waldron, Gemma Walker, Harriet Walker, Ian Walker, Jasmine Walker, Kevin Walker, Kim Walker, Linda Walker, Marie T Walker, Olivia Walker, Rachel Walker, Rebecca Walker, Susan Walker, Derek Wallbank, Rebecca Wallbutton, Jessica Wallen, Karl Wallendszus, Arabella Waller, Fiona Waller, Rosemary Waller, Gabiel Wallis, Gabriel Wallis, Louise Wallis, Donna Walsh, Elizabeth Walsh, Livia Walsh, Deborah Walstow, Daniel Walter, Alex Walters, Holt Walters, James Walters, Jocelyn Walters, Eileen Walton, Lucy Walton, Olivia Walton, Sharon Walton, Susan Walton, Mandy Wan, Thin Wan, Mary Wands, Rachel Wane, Frank Wang, Nick Wang, Ran Wang, Deborah Warbrick, Samantha Warburton, Deborah Ward, Emma Ward, Joanna Ward, Karen Ward, Luke Ward, Nicola Ward, Rachael Ward, Rebecca Ward, Thomas Ward, Tom Ward, Scott A Warden, Adele Wardle, Karen Wardle, Steve Wardle, Hassan Wardy, Scott Waring, Jenny Warmington, Ben Warner, Christian Warner, Lewis Warnock, Sarah Warran, Jade Warren, Lisa Warren, Yolanda Warren, Hannah Warren-Miell, Gill Warwick, Charlotte Washington, Helen Wassall, Hazel J Watchorn, Holly Waterfall, Abby Waters, Donald Waters, Mark Waterstone, Catherine Watkins, Catrin Watkins, Eleanor Watkins, Karen Watkins, Lynn Watkins, Nick Watkins, Abigail Watson, Adam JR Watson, Ekaterina Watson, Eleanor Watson, Paul Watson, Rebecca Watson, Robert Watson, Sandra Watson, Malcolm Watters, Donna Watterson, Daniel Watts, John Watts, Merlin Watts, Victoria Waugh, Emma Wayman, Akhlaq Wazir, Mark Weatherhead, Nick Weatherly, Paul Weaver, Hayley Webb, Kathryn Webb, Kylie Webb, Stephen Webb, Cheryl Websdale, Deborah Webster, Ian Webster, Tim Webster, Kathleen Wedgeworth, Ling Wee, Rebecca Weerakoon, Thanuja Weerasinghe, Janaka Weeratunga, Maria Weetman, Shuying Wei, Immo Weichert, Hugh Welch, James Welch, Leanne Welch, Steven Welch, Samantha Weller, Lucy Wellings, Brian Wells, Susan Wellstead, Berni Welsh, Richard Welsh, Ingeborg Welters, Rachael Welton, Lauren Wentworth, Kate Wesseldine, James Wesson, Jim Wesson, Adam West, Magdelena West, Raha West, Ruth West, Sophie West, Luke Western, Ruth Westhead, Heather Weston, Alice Westwood, Bill Wetherill, Sharon Wheaver, Helen Wheeler, Ben Whelan, Matthew Whelband, Amanda Whileman, Alison Whitcher, Abbie White, Andrew White, Benjamin White, Christopher White, Duncan White, Emily White, James White, Jonathan White, Katie White, Marie White, Nick White, Sarah White, Sonia White, Stephen White, Tracey White, Catherine Whitehead, Anne Whitehouse, Claire Whitehouse, Tony Whitehouse, Julia Whiteley, Sophie Whiteley, Victoria Whiteside, Drew Whitley, Kaitlyn Whitley, Gabriel Whitlingum, David Whitmore, Elizabeth Whittaker, Lindsay Whittam, Andrew Whittingham Hirst, Ashley Whittington, Helen Whittle, Robert Whittle, Suzanne Whyte, Eunice Wiafe, Lou Wiblin, John Widdrington, Jason Wieboldt, Hannah Wieringa, Cornelia Wiesender, Laura Wiffen, Andrew Wight, Christopher Wignall, Danielle Wilcock, Emma Wilcock, Louise Wilcox, Laura Wild, Stephen Wild, Michael Wilde, Peter Wilding, Ritchie Wildman, Tracey Wildsmith, Joe Wileman, Donna Wiles, Joy Wiles, Kate Wiles, Elva Wilhelmsen, Thomas Wiliams, Chloe Wilkes, Janet Wilkie, David Wilkin, Hannah Wilkins, Joy Wilkins, Suzanne Wilkins, Helen Wilkinson, Holly Wilkinson, Iain Wilkinson, Lesley Wilkinson, Martin Wilkinson, Nicola Wilkinson, Sophia Wilkinson, Susan Wilkinson, Tim Wilkinson, Sylvia Willetts, Aimee Williams, Alexandra Williams, Alison Williams, Angharad Williams, Ava Williams, Carl Williams, Caroline V Williams, Claire Williams, Dewi Williams, Gail Williams, Gemma Williams, Gina Williams, Hannah Williams, James Williams, Jayne Williams, Jennie Williams, John Williams, Joseph Williams, Karen Williams, Kathryn Williams, Marie Williams, Matthew Williams, Patricia Williams, Penny Williams, Rachael Williams, Rupert Williams, Samson Williams, Sarah Williams, Sophie Williams, Tamanna Williams, Annie Williamson, Cath Williamson, Catherine Williamson, Dawn Williamson, James D Williamson, Rachel Williamson, Helen Williamson, Bruce Willian, Elizabeth Willis, Emily Willis, Heather Willis, Herika Willis, Joanna Willis, Laura Willmott, Louise Wills, Lucy Willsher, Catherine Willshire, Francesca Willson, Alison Wilson, Andrea Wilson, Antoinette Wilson, Billy Wilson, Catherine Wilson, Eve Wilson, James Wilson, Karen Wilson, Kate Wilson, Lucinda Wilson, Mark Wilson, Matthew Wilson, Toni Wilson, Evie Wiltsher, Marlar Win, Tin Win, Wut Yee Win Win, Lucinda Winckworth, Laura Winder, Piers Winder, Phillip Windrum, Kerry Winham-Whyte, Helen Winmill, Simon Winn, Carmen Winpenny, Helen Winslow, Helen Winter, Jonathan Winter, Pascal Winter, Barbara Winter-Goodwin, Stephen Wisdom, Matthew Wise, Martin Wiselka, Rebecca Wiseman, Sophie Wiseman, Steven Wishart, Holly Wissett, Eric Witele, Nicholas Withers, Janet Wittes, Donna Wixted, Therese Wodehouse, Will Wolf, Nicola Wolff, Kirsten Wolffsohn, Rebecca Wolf-Roberts, Magda Wolna, Elena Wolodimeroff, Adam Wolstencroft, Alan Wong, Charlotte Wong, Chi-Hung Wong, Edwin Wong, Jessica Sue Yi Wong, Kit Y Wong, Lee Wong, Mei Yin Wong, Nick Wong, Sam Wong, Yun Man Wong, Amanda Wood, Caroline Wood, Carrie Anne Wood, Dianne Wood, Fiona Wood, Hannah Wood, Jennifer Wood, Joe Wood, Julia Wood, Kathryn Wood, Lisa Wood, Louise Wood, Michelle Wood, Stephen Wood, Tracy Wood, Ursula Wood, Katharine Woodall, Rebecca Woodfield, Christopher Woodford, Elizabeth Woodford, Jill Woodford, Luke Woodford, Louise Woodhead, Timothy Woodhead, Philip Woodland, Marc Woodman, Debra Woods, Jane Woods, Katherine Woods, Sarah Woods, Zoe Woodward, Rachel Wookey, Megan Woolcock, Gemma Wooldridge, Rebecca Woolf, Chris Woollard, Christopher Woollard, Louisa Woollen, Emma Woolley, Jade Woolley, Daniel Woosey, Dan Wootton, Joanne Wootton, Daniel Worley, Stephy Worton, Jonathan Wraight, Maria Wray, Tim Wreford-Bush, Joanne Wren, Kim Wren, Lynn Wren, Caroline Wrey Brown, Catherine Wright, Demi Wright, Francesca Wright, Imogen Wright, Lee Wright, Lianne Wright, Pete Wright, Rachel Wright, Rebecca Wright, Stephanie Wright, Tim Wright, Caroline Wroe, Hannah Wroe, Henry Wu, Peishan Wu, Pensee Wu, Jonathan Wubetu, Retno Wulandari, Craig Wyatt, Frederick Wyn-Griffiths, Inez Wynter, Bindhu Xavier, Arnold Xhikola, Zhongyang Xia, Huiyuan Xiao, Masseh Yakubi, May Yan, Freda Yang, Yingjia Yang, Michael Yanney, Woei Lin Yap, Nabil Yaqoob, Naairah Yaqub, Salima Yasmin, Bryan Yates, David Yates, Edward Yates, Helen Yates, Julie Yates, Mark Yates, Charlotte Yearwood Martin, Andrew Yeatman, Khin Yein, Fiona Yelnoorkar, Peter Yew, Kawai Yip, Laura Ylquimiche, Laura Ylquimiche Melly, Inez Ynter, H Yong, Jemma Yorke, Jasmine Youens, Abdel Younes Ibrahim, Eoin Young, Gail Young, Louise Young, Richard Young, Asfand Yousafzar, Sajeda Youssouf, Ahmed Yousuf, Chrissie Yu, Bernard Yung, Daniel Yusef, Said Yusef, Intekhab Yusuf, Anna-Sophia Zafar, Silvia Zagalo, Su Zaher, Aqsa Zahoor, Kareem Zaki, Nabhan Zakir, Kasia Zalewska, Ane Zamalloa, Mohsin Zaman, Raisa Zaman, Shakir Zaman, Julie Zamikula, Louise Zammit, Marie Zammit-Mangion, Lynn Zarb, Esther Zebracki, Daniel Zehnder, Lisa Zeidan, Marian Zelman, Xiaobei Zhao, Dongling Zheng, Doreen Zhu, Madiha Zia, Omar Zibdeh, Rabia Zill-E-Huma, Ei Thankt Zin, Veronica Zindonda, Eleanor Zinkin, Vivian Zinyemba, Christos Zipitis, Arkadiusz Zmierczak, Azam Zubir, Roslin Zuha, Naz Zuhra, Rasha Zulaikha, Sabrina Zulfikar, Carol Zullo, Ana Zuriaga-Alvaro, Will Zuurbier, Sheba Zyengi, and University of St Andrews. School of Medicine
Subjects: Male, Convalescent plasma, medicine.medical_treatment, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Antibodies, Viral, Rate ratio, 0302 clinical medicine, RA0421, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, Medicine, Hospital Mortality, 030212 general & internal medicine, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Aged, 80 and over, Medicine(all), Mortality rate, Covid19, Articles, 3rd-DAS, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Hospitals, Treatment Outcome, Female, Open label, Coronavirus Infections, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, RM, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 03 medical and health sciences, Medicine, General & Internal, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, General & Internal Medicine, Internal medicine, Humans, In patient, Pandemics, COVID-19 Serotherapy, Aged, Mechanical ventilation, Science & Technology, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Significant difference, Immunization, Passive, COVID-19, Length of Stay, NIS, R1, Respiration, Artificial, United Kingdom, RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RECOVERY Collaborative Group, business
Abstract: Background: Many patients with COVID-19 have been treated with plasma containing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Methods: This randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]) is assessing several possible treatments in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the UK. The trial is underway at 177 NHS hospitals from across the UK. Eligible and consenting patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either usual care alone (usual care group) or usual care plus high-titre convalescent plasma (convalescent plasma group). The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. The trial is registered with ISRCTN, 50189673, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04381936. Findings: Between May 28, 2020, and Jan 15, 2021, 11558 (71%) of 16287 patients enrolled in RECOVERY were eligible to receive convalescent plasma and were assigned to either the convalescent plasma group or the usual care group. There was no significant difference in 28-day mortality between the two groups: 1399 (24%) of 5795 patients in the convalescent plasma group and 1408 (24%) of 5763 patients in the usual care group died within 28 days (rate ratio 1·00, 95% CI 0·93–1·07; p=0·95). The 28-day mortality rate ratio was similar in all prespecified subgroups of patients, including in those patients without detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at randomisation. Allocation to convalescent plasma had no significant effect on the proportion of patients discharged from hospital within 28 days (3832 [66%] patients in the convalescent plasma group vs 3822 [66%] patients in the usual care group; rate ratio 0·99, 95% CI 0·94–1·03; p=0·57). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at randomisation, there was no significant difference in the proportion of patients meeting the composite endpoint of progression to invasive mechanical ventilation or death (1568 [29%] of 5493 patients in the convalescent plasma group vs 1568 [29%] of 5448 patients in the usual care group; rate ratio 0·99, 95% CI 0·93–1·05; p=0·79). Interpretation: In patients hospitalised with COVID-19, high-titre convalescent plasma did not improve survival or other prespecified clinical outcomes. Funding: UK Research and Innovation (Medical Research Council) and National Institute of Health Research.
Published: 2021
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14. Role of nanoparticles in tackling COVID-19 pandemic: a bio-nanomedical approach

Author: Fatima Sadiq Abubakar, Bilal Ibrahim Dan-Iya, and Idris Zubairu Sadiq
Subjects: nano vaccines, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Science (General), Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), pathogenesis, technology, industry, and agriculture, point of care devices, Q1-390, Risk analysis (engineering), covid-19, Pandemic, therapeutics, Medicine, nanoparticles, business
Abstract: COVID-19 Pandemic post threats to the life of millions of people across the globe as no specific therapeutics or vaccines have been scientifically proven. In this paper, we discussed the applications of nanoparticles in combating the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nanoparticles have indeed revolutionized medicine often employed for a variety of purposes including therapeutics, nano-devices, biosensors, vaccines, nano drugs, drug carriers, and set to combating the current menace of COVID-19 by providing immense solutions. Nanoparticles play role in tackling infectious diseases via the development of virus-like nanoparticles for the overall improving immune response, point-of-care diagnostic devices for rapid diagnoses, and nano-therapeutics for better treatment.
Published: 2021

15. Synthesis of eco-friendly alginate-based supports for silver oxide immobilization in catalytic degradation of textile dyes

Author: Tasleem Akhtar, Ikhtiar Ahmad, Sadiq-ur-Rehman Sadiq-ur-Rehman, and Azeem Bibi
Subjects: Catalytic degradation, chemistry.chemical_compound, Textile, Chemical engineering, Chemistry, business.industry, business, Environmentally friendly, Silver oxide
Published: 2021
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16. ASSOCIATION OF HORMONE RECEPTORS WITH RISK FACTORS AMONG BREAST CANCER PATIENTS

Author: Ummara Aslam, Sarah Sadiq, Naseem Irshad, Ambreen Sadiq, and Rabia Hamid
Subjects: Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, estrogen receptor (er), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (her2), Medicine (General), Population, Estrogen receptor, Breast cancer, breast cancer, R5-920, Internal medicine, medicine, risk factors, education, skin and connective tissue diseases, education.field_of_study, business.industry, progesterone receptor (pr), Cancer, medicine.disease, Menopause, Hormone receptor, Marital status, Medicine, business, Breast feeding
Abstract: Objective: To compare the risk factors with estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status of breast cancer patients. Study Design: Cross sectional comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in Multidisciplinary Lab-1 of Army Medical College,National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, in collaboration with Department of Pathology of ArmyMedical College, NUMS Rawalpindi, from Jan 2019 to Jan 2020. Methodology: A total of 50 individuals including radiologically diagnosed cases of breast cancer with differentstages and 10 healthy controls without cancer. Patients with any co-morbidity were excluded. Participant’ssample was collected and subjected to ER, PR and HER2 estimation. Other factors i.e. age, gender, marital status, breast feeding, menopause status, side of the breast affected were all taken into consideration. Results: Patients characteristics showed that the mean age, marital and menopause status were linked with breast cancer. The data showed that hormone receptors i.e., ER (p=0.0001), PR (p=0.0002) and HER2 (p=0.0001) were positive among most of the cancer patients as compared to the healthy subjects without cancer. There were no association found between age and hormone receptors. Marital status, breast feeding, menopause and side of breasts involved also had no association with hormone receptors. Conclusion: No significant association found between risk factors and hormone recpetors status of breast cancer patients in our population.
Published: 2021

17. 6G Wireless Communications Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

Author: Muntadher Alsabah, Marwah Abdulrazzaq Naser, Basheera M. Mahmmod, Sadiq H. Abdulhussain, Mohammad R. Eissa, Ahmed Al-Baidhani, Nor K. Noordin, Sadiq M. Sait, Khaled A. Al-Utaibi, and Fazirul Hashim
Subjects: Data traffic, spatial modulation, General Computer Science, orthogonal multiple access, Wireless network, Computer science, business.industry, Reliability (computer networking), General Engineering, NOMA, Data rate, TK1-9971, Key (cryptography), Wireless, intelligent reflecting surfaces, General Materials Science, The Internet, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Telecommunications, rate-splitting multiple access, 5G, 6G
Abstract: The commercial fifth-generation (5G) wireless communications networks have already been deployed with the aim of providing high data rates. However, the rapid growth in the number of smart devices and the emergence of the Internet of Everything (IoE) applications, which require an ultra-reliable and low-latency communication, will result in a substantial burden on the 5G wireless networks. As such, the data rate that could be supplied by 5G networks will unlikely sustain the enormous ongoing data traffic explosion. This has motivated research into continuing to advance the existing wireless networks toward the future generation of cellular systems, known as sixth generation (6G). Therefore, it is essential to provide a prospective vision of the 6G and the key enabling technologies for realizing future networks. To this end, this paper presents a comprehensive review/survey of the future evolution of 6G networks. Specifically, the objective of the paper is to provide a comprehensive review/survey about the key enabling technologies for 6G networks, which include a discussion about the main operation principles of each technology, envisioned potential applications, current state-of-the-art research, and the related technical challenges. Overall, this paper provides useful information for industries and academic researchers and discusses the potentials for opening up new research directions.
Published: 2021
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18. Detection of typhoid carriers by duodenal fluid culture in a tertiary care hospital, Karachi: a cross-sectional study

Author: Shahida Qureshi, Hadi Usmani, Abdul Momin Kazi, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Shafquat Rozi, Farah Naz Qamar, Aneeta Hotwani, Sonia Qureshi, Om Parkash, Furqan Kabir, and Kamran Sadiq
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Future studies, Cross-sectional study, Population, Salmonella typhi, complex mixtures, Typhoid fever, Tertiary Care Centers, Duodenal fluid, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, Typhoid Fever, education, education.field_of_study, business.industry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Tertiary care hospital, medicine.disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, Carriage, Carrier State, business
Abstract: We aimed to detect typhoid carriers by performing duodenal fluid culture in patients in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was conducted during 2017 at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. Patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were included. Participants were interviewed, and duodenal fluid samples were taken for culture to detect Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) and paratyphi. A polymerase chain reaction on 100 randomly selected sub-samples was also conducted. A total of 477 participants were enrolled. The mean age was 42.4±15.5 years. History of typhoid fever was present in 73 (15.3%) participants. Out of the 477 duodenal fluid cultures tested for various micro-organisms, 250 (52.4%) were positive. Neither S. typhi nor paratyphi were isolated. S. typhi was also not detected by PCR. To better detect S. typhi carriage in general population, future studies should target people with gall bladder diseases and screen them using culture and PCR based methods.
Published: 2021
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19. Comparative effectiveness of topical lignocaine nebulization and airway nerve blocks for awake fiber-optic nasal intubation in TM joint ankylosis

Author: Mohammad Sadiq Malla, Basharat Farooq, Rayees Najib, and Sameena Ashraf
Subjects: Optical fiber, nebulization, business.industry, nerve blocks, Joint ankylosis, law.invention, nasal intubation, law, Anesthesia, Medicine, lignocaine, Nasal intubation, fiber-optic, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, business, Airway
Abstract: Background: Awake fiber-optic nasal intubation is a gold standard management of difficult airway in temporal mandibular (TM) joint ankylosis. Aims and Objectives: We compared topical lignocaine nebulization with airway nerve blocks for awake fiber-optic nasal intubation in TM joint ankylosis. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients of either gender were randomly allocated into two groups of 25 each. Group I received 10 ml of 2% lignocaine nebulization over a period for 20 min. Group II received bilateral superior laryngeal nerve block and transtracheal recurrent laryngeal nerve block (each with 2 ml of 2% lignocaine). Awake fiber-optic bronchoscopy-guided nasal intubation was done in all patients. All the patients received sedation during the procedure. The intubation time, intubating conditions, vocal cord position, cough severity, and degree of patient satisfaction were recorded. Student’s t-test was used to analyze parametric data, while the Mann–Whitney U-test was applied to non-parametric data and Fisher’s test to categorical data. P
Published: 2021
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20. How COVID-19 induced panic on stock price and green finance markets: global economic recovery nexus from volatility dynamics

Author: Syed Ehsanullah, Talla M. Aldeehani, Hieu Minh Vu, Putri Mutira, Muhammad Sadiq, and Luc Phan Tan
Subjects: Index (economics), Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Responsible Editor: Nicholas Apergis, Depression (economics), Economics, Humans, Environmental Chemistry, Investments, Market lockdown, Finance, Green finance, business.industry, COVID-19, General Medicine, Pollution, Stock market index, Government relief, Stock price, Government, Communicable Disease Control, Economic recovery, Jump, Stock market, Volatility (finance), business, Nexus (standard), Research Article
Abstract: This paper investigates the effect of different categories of essential COVID-19 data from 2020 to 2021 towards stock price dynamics and options markets. It applied the hypothetical method in which investors develop depression based on the understanding suggested by various green finance divisions. Furthermore, additional elements like panic, sentiment, and social networking sites may impact the attitude, size, and direction of green finance, subsequently impacting the security prices. We created new emotion proxies based on five groups of information, namely COVID-19, marketplace, lockdown, banking sector, and government relief using Google search data. The results show that (1) if the proportional number of traders' conduct exceeds the stock market, the effect of sentimentality indexes on jump volatility is expected to change; (2) the volatility index component jump radically increases with the COVID-19 index, city and market lockdown index, and banking index; and (3) expanding the COVID-19 index gives rise to the stock market index. Moreover, all indexes decreased in jump volatility but only after 5 days. These findings comply with the hypotheses proposed by our model.
Published: 2021
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21. Hip and distal femur fracture outcomes over three successive UK lockdown periods during the COVID-19 pandemic: what have we learnt?

Author: Fouad A. Chaudhry, Faizan Arshad, Caroline Lipski, Salman Sadiq, Muhammad I Chaudary, and Umar-Khetaab Hanif
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, neck of femur, hip, cardiopulmonary, medicine.medical_treatment, lockdown, symbols.namesake, Internal medicine, Risk of mortality, medicine, Chi-square test, pneumonia, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, retrospective cohort study, Fisher's exact test, Orthopedic surgery, business.industry, covid-19 pandemic, chi-squared test, General Engineering, covid, Retrospective cohort study, Odds ratio, t-test, Exact test, trauma, covid-19, acute kidney injury, fracture, distal femur fractures, symbols, nof, fisher’s exact test, neck-of-femur, business, RD701-811, orthopaedics
Abstract: Aims This study assessed the impact of COVID-19 on hip and distal femur fracture patient outcomes across three successive UK lockdown periods over one year. Methods A single-centre retrospective cohort study was performed at an acute NHS Trust. Hip and distal femur fracture patients admitted within the first month from each of the three starting dates of each national lockdown were included and compared to a control group in March 2019. Data were collected as per the best practice tariff outcomes including additional outcomes as required. Data collection included COVID-19 status, time to theatre, 30-day mortality, presence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and pneumonia, and do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DNACPR) status. Data were analyzed using an independent-samples t-test or chi-squared test with Fisher’s exact test where applicable. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 95 patients during the pandemic were included and 20 were COVID-positive. Patients experienced a statistically significant increase in time to theatre in Lockdown 1 compared to 2019 (p = 0.039) with a decrease with successive lockdown periods by Lockdown 3. The 30-day mortality increased from 8.8% in 2019 to 10.0% to 14.8% in all lockdown periods. COVID-positive patient mortality was 30.0% (p = 0.063, odds ratio (OR) = 4.43 vs 2019). The rates of AKI and pneumonia experienced were higher for patients during the pandemic. The highest rates were experienced in COVID-positive patients, with 45.0% of patients with AKI versus 27.0% in 2019 (p = 0.38, OR = 1.80), and 50.0% of patients diagnosed with pneumonia versus 16.2% in 2019 (p = 0.0012, OR = 5.17). The percentage of patients with a DNACPR increased from 30.0% in 2019 to 60.7% by Lockdown 3 (p = 0.034, OR = 3.61). Conclusion COVID-positive hip and distal femur fracture patients are at a higher risk of mortality due to AKI and pneumonia. Patient outcomes have improved with successive lockdowns to pre-pandemic levels. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(12):1017–1026.
Published: 2021
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22. Effects of dry needling in lower extremity myofascial trigger points: systematic review

Author: Ashfaq Ahmed, Hafiz Muhammad Asim, Ashfaq Ahmad, Iqra Khan, and Samreen Sadiq
Subjects: Myofascial trigger point, Dry needling, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, General Medicine, Cochrane Library, medicine.disease, Physical strength, Quality of life, medicine, Acupuncture, Physical therapy, Anxiety, medicine.symptom, Range of motion, business
Abstract: Objective To explore the current evidences on effects of trigger point dry needling as a treatment strategy on pain and range of motion among subjects with lower extremity myofascial trigger areas. Methods The systematic review was conducted at the University Institute of Physical Therapy, Lahore, Pakistan, from February to August 2019, and comprised search of studies on Cochrane Library, PubMed, SPORTDiscus and PEDro databases published in the English language from 2000 to July 2019. The search terms used were 'Dry needling', 'Trigger points', 'Myofascial trigger points', 'Trigger area', 'Acupuncture therapy', 'Lower extremity' and 'Acupuncture'. Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to assess the randomised and non-randomised controlled trials. Methodological assessment was performed using Physiotherapy Evidence Database 10-point scale. Data synthesis was performed through vote counting method. Results Of the 564 articles initially found, 30(5.3%) were shortlisted for full-text assessment. Of them, 10(33.3%) were selected for final assessment; with 7(70%) scoring high and 3(30%) fair on the PEDro scale. All the 10(100%) studies documented improvement in the pain over time with dry needling strategy. None of the studies targeted any other outcome, like anxiety and sleep disturbances, related with myofascial trigger points. Conclusions On basis of the best evidences available, dry needling seemed to be effective in pain reduction related to lower extremity myofascial trigger points. Evidence also suggested that there was not much positive effect of myofascial trigger point dry needling on depression, anxiety, muscular strength and quality of life.
Published: 2021
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23. Perception of other healthcare professionals about the nurses' role and competencies in veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation care: A qualitative study

Author: Muna A Alshammari, Chitra Vellolikalam, and Sadiq Alfeeli
Subjects: Adult, Teamwork, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, medicine.medical_treatment, education, Staffing, Workload, Nurse's Role, Continuous training, Intensive Care Units, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Nursing, Perception, Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, medicine, Humans, business, Competence (human resources), Qualitative Research, General Nursing, media_common, Qualitative research
Abstract: AIM This study aimed to explore the perception of other healthcare professionals, including the doctors, physiotherapists and perfusionists, about the nurses' role and competencies in veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. BACKGROUND Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is considered as a challenging clinical activity that requires critical decision and rapid response from nurses, particularly in emergencies. It was observed that nurses are primarily responsible for bedside management of these patients, and teamwork was found helping the nurses to manage this high-acuity care. However, little is known on the perception of other healthcare professionals about the nurses' roles and competencies, which would contribute to further improvements in quality extracorporeal membrane oxygenation care. DESIGN This was a qualitative descriptive study. METHODS One-to-one in-depth interviews were conducted with nine healthcare professionals working in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation care in an adult intensive care unit of a general hospital in Kuwait. RESULTS Participants reported that nurses play critical and multiple roles and responsibilities in the insertion, maintenance, weaning, and retrieval of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, plus providing general nursing care, and performed their roles competently. Heavy workload, less recognition and support, and individual differences in competence were reported as possible barriers to the nurses' performance. CONCLUSION Other healthcare professionals recognize continuous training, having experience, teamwork, and increased staffing as measures that can promote the nurses' role in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Published: 2021
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24. Sharīʿah governance and agency dynamics of Islamic banking operations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Author: Abul Hassan, M. Sadiq Sohail, and Mahfuzur Rahaman Munshi
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, business.industry, Corporate governance, Principal–agent problem, Islam, Context (language use), Accounting, Audit, Development, Body of knowledge, Sharia, Agency (sociology), Business, Finance
Abstract: PurposeThis study aims to investigate and point out the variations of agency theory in the context of Sharīʿah governance in Islamic banking operations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).Design/methodology/approachThe study followed the approach of quantitative Corporate Governance Index (CGI) by computing the Gov-index (Gompers et al., 2003) and the Gov-score (Brown and Caylor, 2004; Saffieddine, 2009) to examine corporate governance (CG) issues using primary as well as secondary data. The primary data was generated from three full-fledged Islamic banks (IBs) and nine traditional banks with Islamic banking wings, all operating in the KSA. The approach was to provide an insight into the agency structure in the context of Islamic banking, which may lead to a trade-off between the conformity of Sharīʿah (Islamic law) rules and processes followed in safeguarding the rights of investors.FindingsThe majority of the Islamic banking services that are surveyed in this study acknowledge the significance of Sharīʿah governance and have implemented the fundamental methods, in conformity with this system. Certain flaws in Sharīʿah governance principles pertaining to audit, control and transparency are reported.Practical implicationsThe research outcomes will be invaluable to IBs aiming to improve existing SG practices. It also has implications for IB managers to design strategies while complying with regulations and to protect the interests of all investors without breaching the ethics of Sharīʿah.Originality/valueThis paper adds original value to the body of knowledge on agency relationship by analysing the dynamics of agency theory in the unique and complex context of Sharīʿah governance of IBs or those offering Islamic products in the KSA. The results can be used as a valuable feedback for improvement of Sharīʿah governance in the banking system in the KSA and the Gulf region at large.
Published: 2021
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25. Effect of cinnamon on blood sugar and anthropometric measurement in type two diabetes patients

Author: Alaa Moyasser Sadiq, Najah Salman Abid, Ola Hussein Jasim, and Besmah Mohammed Ali Mohammed Ali
Subjects: Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology, business.industry, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Physiology, Blood sugar, Anthropometry, medicine.disease, business, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Biotechnology
Abstract: There is some emerging evidence that suggests certain supplements help lower blood sugar levels. One of these is cinnamon, which exhibits characteristics that mimic insulin, such as the activity of biologically active substances to activate insulin receptor kinase, increasing glucose uptake, autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor, and glycogen synthase activity. To assess the effect of the cinnamon substance on lowering fasting blood sugar, modifying body weight, body mass index (B.M.I.), and waist circumference in type two diabetics. A randomized controlled intervention clinical trial. The study was conducted on 60 patients with type II diabetes mellitus; the study followed both gender patients for four weeks. The contributors were allocated randomly into a group that receives 2 g/d cinnamon substance (intervention group), and a group without cinnamon substance is given (control group). Fasting plasma glucose (F.P.G.) and anthropometrics measurement at the beginning (beforehand cinnamon supplementation and 4week at the end of the study duration). After 4 weeks of cinnamon taken, serum F.P.G. levels significantly improved (P≤0.0001). Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, B.M.I.) were reduced significantly (change mean ≤ P=0.001) for all. The Present study disclosed that supplementation of 2 gm cinnamon improves F.P.G. and has a good role in anthropometric indices (weight, waist circumference, B.M.I.).
Published: 2021
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26. The Psychological Effects of Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)

Author: Francis Binord and Sadiq Abdulkarim
Subjects: Computer science, business.industry, Internet privacy, Bring your own device, business
Abstract: The study of the mind and how we behave regarding certain things is tied to psychology. Psychology in itself is merely a field of study that studies the scientific nature of the mental states and processes of the mind. American Psychological Association defines psychology as the study of the mind and behavior. The question of how our minds affect our physical processes is a topic of great concern in psychology. Asserts that psychology is considered mainly a "hub science," having hefty connections to social sciences, medical science, and education. The interactions involve the mutuality between our internal and external states, and what extends from it plays an essential role in shaping the manifestations of our life's endeavors. The outfits of psychology determine how we handle tools, people, processes, etc., even in our places of work; the way we address our fellow workers, devices, and tools has almost everything to do with our psychological makeup.
Published: 2021
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27. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in breast milk and serum of immunized lactating mothers

Author: Sidra Sadiq and Faheem Arslan
Subjects: Medical Laboratory Technology, biology, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), biology.protein, Medicine (miscellaneous), Medicine, Antibody, Breast milk, business, Virology, Education
Abstract: Objectives As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continuous to spread, the transfer of maternal anti severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies via lactation is an important source of immunity in newborns that requires more comprehensive studies to improve vaccine options in these candidates. The aim of this study was to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies against COVID-19 in breast milk and serum of lactating mothers post vaccination and to establish a correlation between both. Methods Hundred and eighty lactating mothers were included in this cross sectional cohort study conducted at Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar. We described the immunogenicity 21 days after the booster dose of vaccine in 21 patients. Breast Milk and serum specimens were collected and investigated for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies by consuming electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S Roche, Switzerland). Results One-hundred percent of patients revealed robust positive findings to SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins antibodies in breast milk and 85 percent in serum, i.e., >0.8 IU/mL. Our study shows that lactating mothers can mount robust immune reactions against SARS-CoV-2 post vaccination. Conclusions All participants had significantly higher antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination. Participants had antibody titers one scale higher post vaccination than pre vaccination. A significant correlation was found between SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in milk and serum. Constant monitoring of antibodies titers is estimated to attain significant humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Published: 2021
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28. Intelligent Learning Analytics Dashboards: Automated Drill-Down Recommendations to Support Teacher Data Exploration

Author: Hassan Khosravi, Marta Indulska, Shazia Sadiq, Aneesha Bakharia, Shiva Shabaninejad, and Dragan Gašević
Subjects: Class (computer programming), Computer science, business.industry, Process (engineering), Suite, Learning analytics, Process mining, Predictive analytics, Data science, Computer Science Applications, Education, Analytics, Drill down, business
Abstract: Learning analytics dashboards commonly visualize data about students with the aim of helping students and educators understand and make informed decisions about the learning process. To assist with making sense of complex and multidimensional data, many learning analytics systems and dashboards have relied strongly on AI algorithms based on predictive analytics. While predictive models have been successful in many domains, there is an increasing realization of the inadequacies of using predictive models in decision-making tasks that affect individuals without human oversight. In this paper, we employ a suite of state-of-the-art algorithms, from the online analytics processing, data mining, and process mining domains, to present an alternative human-in-the-loop AI method to enable educators to identify, explore, and use appropriate interventions for subpopulations of students with the highest deviation in performance or learning process compared to the rest of the class. We demonstrate an application of our proposed approach in an existing learning analytics dashboard (LAD) and explore the recommended drill-downs in a course with 875 students. The demonstration provides an example of the recommendations from real course data and shows how recommendations can lead the user to interesting insights. Furthermore, we demonstrate how our approach can be employed to develop intelligent LADs.
Published: 2021
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29. Correlation of biochemical profile at admission with severity and outcome of COVID-19

Author: Abdullah Sadiq, Noman A Chaudhary, Tahira Yasmeen, Javaria Malik, Hamza Waqar Bhatti, Muhammad Mujeeb Khan, and Muhammad Khurram
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Creatinine, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, Sodium, coronavirus, chemistry.chemical_element, urea, RC31-1245, Gastroenterology, Correlation, chemistry.chemical_compound, aspartate aminotransferase, chemistry, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, Urea, Uric acid, Medicine, Analysis of variance, business, sodium, Research Article
Abstract: Background COVID-19 was detected in China in December 2019. The rapid dissemination and novelty of the disease resulted in an epidemic. This study aimed to identify biochemical parameters at admission that can be used to categorize severity and outcome of COVID −19 infection. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at Allied Hospitals of RMU from April 2020 to July 2020. It included 128 randomly selected confirmed COVID-19 patients. At admission, biochemical profile (total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferases {ALT}, aspartate aminotransferases {AST}, urea, creatinine, uric acid, sodium, potassium, and chloride were correlated with severity and outcome of COVID-19 by employing t-tests and ANOVA where required. Cut-off values to predict disease severity and outcome were calculated using ROC curve. Results The study comprised 46.1% non-severe, 29.7% severe, and 24.2% critical COVID-19 patients. 84.4% patients improved and 15.6% expired. Urea was increased in critical disease patients (p 42.7 mg (sensitivity of 64.7%, specificity of 87.5%), AST >43.5 IU/L (64% sensitivity, 60% specificity), and sodium
Published: 2021
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30. The Role of Internet of Things to Control the Outbreak of COVID-19 Pandemic

Author: Muhammad Umer, Mohammad S. Obaidat, Saima Sadiq, Pandi Vijayakumar, and Aniello Castiglione
Subjects: Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, Cloud computing, sensors, Computer security, computer.software_genre, Pandemic, medicine, Road map, Disease burden, Data collection, business.industry, COVID-19, IoT applications, medicine.disease, Data warehouse, Internet of Things (IoT), Computer Science Applications, Contagious disease, Identification (information), Hardware and Architecture, Signal Processing, business, computer, Information Systems
Abstract: Currently, COVID-19 pandemic is the major cause of disease burden globally. So, there is a need for an urgent solution to fight against this pandemic. Internet of Things (IoT) has the ability of data transmission without human interaction. This technology enables devices to connect in the hospitals and other planned locations to combat this situation. This article provides a road map by highlighting the IoT applications that can help to control it. This study also proposes a real-time identification and monitoring of COVID-19 patients. The proposed framework consists of four components using the cloud architecture: 1) data collection of disease symptoms (using IoT-based devices); 2) health center or quarantine center (data collected using IoT devices); 3) data warehouse (analysis using machine learning models); and 4) health professionals (provide treatment). To predict the severity level of COVID-19 patients on the basis of IoT-based real-time data, we experimented with five machine learning models. The results reveal that random forest outperformed among all other models. IoT applications will help management, health professionals, and patients to investigate the symptoms of contagious disease and manage COVID-19 +ve patients worldwide.
Published: 2021
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31. Integration and economic viability of fueling the future with green hydrogen: An integration of its determinants from renewable economics

Author: Supat Chupradit, Arooj Fatima, Muhammad Atif Nawaz, Muhammad Sadiq, Paramaiah Ch, and Huang Xiang
Subjects: Geothermal power, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, Fossil fuel, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Energy security, Environmental economics, Condensed Matter Physics, Solar energy, Renewable energy, Fuel Technology, Greenhouse gas, Environmental science, Electricity, Cost of electricity by source, business
Abstract: The volatility of fossil fuel and their increased consumption have exacerbated the socio-economic dilemma along with electricity expenses in third world countries around the world, Pakistan in particular. In this research, we study the output of renewable hydrogen from natural sources like wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal power. It also provides rules and procedures in an attempt to determine the current situation of Pakistan regarding the workability of upcoming renewable energy plans. To achieve this, four main criteria were assessed and they are economic, commercial, environmental, and social adoption. The method used in this research is the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchical Process (FAHP), where we used first-order engineering equations, and Levelized cost electricity to produce renewable hydrogen. The value of renewable hydrogen is also evaluated. The results of the study indicate that wind is the best option in Pakistan for manufacturing renewable based on four criteria. Biomass is found to be the most viable raw material for the establishment of the hydrogen supply network in Pakistan, which can generate 6.6 million tons of hydrogen per year, next is photovoltaic solar energy, which has the capability of generating 2.8 million tons. Another significant finding is that solar energy is the second-best candidate for hydrogen production taking into consideration its low-cost installation and production. The study shows that the cost of using hydrogen in Pakistan ranges from $5.30/kg to $5.80/kg, making it a competitive fuel for electric machines. Such projects for producing renewable power must be highlighted and carried out in Pakistan and this will lead to more energy security for Pakistan, less use of fossil fuels, and effective reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
Published: 2021
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32. Exploring Gender and Racial Disparity in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: A Step Toward Diversity

Author: Faisal Khosa, Salma Malik, Amna Mohyud Din Chaudhary, Beenish Safdar, Sundas Saboor, and Sadiq Naveed
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Faculty, Medical, Students, Medical, Adolescent, Racial disparity, media_common.quotation_subject, Adolescent Psychiatry, Health care, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Child and adolescent psychiatry, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Child, Minority Groups, media_common, African american, White (horse), business.industry, 05 social sciences, United States, Psychiatry and Mental health, Family medicine, Workforce, Physician workforce, Female, Psychology, business, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Diversity (politics)
Abstract: A diverse medical workforce is pivotal for the provision of high-quality healthcare services to the US population.1 Currently, women comprise 50% of all medical students in the United States, whereas only 35.2% of the physician workforce is represented by women.2 The under-represented minority (URM) physicians are significantly lower in number compared to the White physicians.1 Women and the URM workforce are less represented at leadership and faculty levels.3 Although female residents have gradually increased, recruitment of URM residents in psychiatry continues to be low.3 The field of child and adolescent psychiatry has faced numerous challenges in recruitment and representation of URM residents.4 In 2017, among 134 child and adolescent psychiatry programs, 535 fellows (64.5%) were women.5 Considering racial trends, there were 383 White, 282 Asian, 78 African American/Black, and 2 American Indian child and adolescent psychiatry fellows.5.
Published: 2021
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33. Ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block verses transversus abdominis plane block for post-operative analgesia in patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy: A prospective observational study

Author: Mohammad Sadiq Malla, Sameena Ashraf, Rayees Najib, and Abdul Hakeem
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Ultrasound guided, Surgery, quadratus lumborum blocks, Transversus Abdominis Plane Block, Block (telecommunications), total abdominal hysterectomy, Medicine, In patient, Observational study, Post operative, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, business, transversus abdominis bock, Abdominal hysterectomy
Abstract: Background: Total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) is a major surgical procedure associated with significant post-operative pain and discomfort. Ultrasound-guided (USG) quadratus lumborum (QL) and transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block are regional analgesic techniques that have role in post-operative pain management after TAH. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to compare quality of post-operative analgesia and analgesic consumption in USG-guided QL block and TAP block in patients undergoing TAH under spinal anesthesia. Materials and Methods: Hundred patients scheduled for TAH were observed over a period of 2 years. The patients who had received either TAP block or QL block were assigned in two groups. Patients who received TAP block after spinal anesthesia were labeled as Group A and patients who received QL block after spinal anesthesia were labeled as Group B. Postoperatively, VAS score, rescue analgesia, analgesic consumption, and hemodynamic parameters were observed at 0, 1, 3 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, and 48 h. Statistical Analysis: Student’s independent t-test was employed for comparing continuous variables. Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, whichever appropriate, was applied for comparing categorical variables. P
Published: 2021
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34. Understanding the performance of a pan-African intervention to reduce postoperative mortality: a mixed-methods process evaluation of the ASOS-2 trial

Author: Nicola Vickery, Timothy Stephens, Leon du Toit, Dawid van Straaten, Rupert Pearse, Alexandra Torborg, Lucy Rolt, Mariechen Puchert, Graham Martin, Bruce Biccard, Bruce M. Biccard, Maia Lesosky, Tim Stephens, Landon Myer, Agya BA. Prempeh, Hyla-Louise Kluyts, Akinyinka Omigbodun, Adesoji Ademuyiwa, Muhammed Elhadi, Mohamed Elfagieh, Bernard Mbwele, Mpoki Ulisubisya, Lazaro Mboma, Daniel Z. Ashebir, Mahlet Tesfaye Bahta, Mohammed Hassen, Mikiyas Teferi, Yakob Seman, Eugene Zoumenou, Adam Hewitt-Smith, Janat Tumukunde, Dolly Munlemvo, Atilio Morais, Apollo Basenero, Pisirai Ndarukwa, Nazinigouba Ouerdraogo, Maman Sani Chaibou, Mohyeddine Zarouf, Ahmed Rhassane El Adib, Veekash Gobin, Zimogo Sanogo, Youssouf Coulibaly, Zipporah Ngumi, Tarig Fadalla, Cynthia Iradukunda, Vénérand Barendegere, Isaac O. Smalle, Mustapha Bittaye, Ahmadou Lamin Samateh, Mahmoud Elfiky, Maher Fawzy, Wakisa Mulwafu, Vanessa Msosa, Lygia Lopes, Akwasi Antwi-Kusi, Hamza D. Sama, Patrice Forget, Rupert M. Pearse, Marichen Puchert, Kris Schwebler, Freddy Kabambi, Tebogo Mabotja, Leandys Cobas, Albino Freitas, Maria Antunes, Bartolomeu Cabo, Domingos Paulo, Carlos Camongua, Yvette Avognon, Osseni Marcos, Raymond Kintomonho, Onesime Demahou, Gisèle Hounsa, Hugues Chobli, Elie Fassinou, Aurore Zoglobossou, Blaise Tchaou, Charles Tchegnonsi, Fifame Amadji, Francine Bossa, Ernest Ahounou, Djima Alao, Roushdane Odérémi, Afissatou Montairou, Oswald Gbehade, Romaric Tobome, Adam Boukari, Patrick Bakantieba, Arouna Sambo, Fanou Lionelle, Nounagnon Gilbert, Julien Attinon, Roger Klikpezo, Aumar Dadjo, Dénis Fanou, Gilberte Hounkpe, Bachabi Fafana, Néné Nguilu, Bodourin Dossou-Yovo, Chantal Segla, Mohamed Toko, Evelyne Gnele-Dedewanou, Michel Noukounwoui, Ethienne Yado, Timothé Gouroubéra, Valéry Adjignon, Serge Mewanou, Aïcha Tchomgang, Urielle Agossou, Fernand Soton, Charbel Azanlin, Lidwine Zomahoun, Rawéléguinbasba Armel Flavien Kabore, Salam Savadogo, Fatou Fleur Rosine Sanou, Farid Belém, Victoria Hien, Cheik Tidiane Hafid W. Bougouma, Sie Ahmed Ouattara, Mariam Bambara Kabore, Ouedraogo Nazinigouba, Papougnezambo Bonkoungou, Martin Lankoandé, Mireille Traoré, Patrick Sawadogo, Inès Wenmenga, Boureima Kinda, André Simporé, Christian Sapo, Salah Idriss Traore, Haoua Dipama, Lydie WR. Kaboré, Salifou Napon, Télesphore G. Kaboré, Arouna Louré, Pélagie PP. Tondé, Christian Zoundi, Martin Lankoande, Harouna Sanou, Remy Ndikumana, Carlos Nsengiyumva, Gregory Sund, Alliance Niyukuri, Axel Kwizera, Jean-Claude Niyondiko, Adolphe Manzanza Kilembe, Jean Pierre Mwema Ilunga, Nehema Hailemariam Sarah, Gabriel Mubobo Makeya, Idesbald Mwebe Mwepu, Ted Botawaosenge Likongo, Richard Kapela Mvwala, Raphael Nzau Kapend Mubunda, Noellie Kanka Mukuna, Julie Djondo Pembe, Nicolas Lumuanga Ndaye, Eric Bibonge Amisi, Mike Ilunga Madika, Joe Kembo Lungela, Didier Ndonda Mayemba, Philomene Mamba Diyoyo, Alex Mbo Ngalala, Martin Mamba Mukenga, Patricia Tito Kabuni, Dany Bolimo Mpoto, Herve Inesnku Mole, Louise Keby, Oria Andavo Buti, Anselme Phaka, Belinda Mayenge, Jean Jeacques Kabuley Kalongo, Timothe Kemfuni Mawisa, Rodrigue Tondo Ngwizani, Kuyala Leya, Dieudonne Kisile Sanduku, Timothe Nkemfuni Mawisa, Coco Nseke Mfumu, Mbuta Bolenge, Desire Kinzenzengu Kabuce, Patrick Kintieti, Amelia Mbuluku, Vicky Mahuwa, Tharcice Khonde Mabiala, Guilain Ngoy, Patrick Boloko, Nono Mazangama Mvwama, Jose Kengbanda, Pitchou Mushimbonga, Blaise Kuhapala, Nzosani Marcel, Kienze Guylain, Gerard Mboma, Sandra Zalambo Sagboze, Michel Muteya Manika, Jean Pierre Mumbere Kigayi, Roger Mukanire Cishugi, Placide Buhendwa Mugisho, Roger Baguma, Moïse Kongolo, Michel Mandungu Mbayabu, Crispin Mukendi Muamba, Edmond Banema Kapinga, Vasco Ngolela Kapinga, Guylain Tshimanga Nsumpi, Patrick Kanda Odia, Salomon Bingidimi, Gilbert Kpengbemale, Desire Hubert Bofunga Bosonga Imposo, Patricia Matondo, Servet Lelo, Jeremie Kalambayi, Mohamed Abdel-Ghaffar, Abdelrahman Soliman, Mostafa Abdelrahman, Sameh Shehata, Alia Rabee, Mohamed Abou Heba, Mohamed Rabei Abdelfattah, Tamer Ahmed Maher Ghoniem, Sherif M.K. Shehata, Mohamed Lotfy, Ahmed ElHaddad, Bereket Gebremeskel, Girmay Fisseha, Mebrahtu Abay, Degena Bahrey, Assefa Hika, Abdurezak Ali, Kindie Moges, Jemal Ahmed, Desalegn Abdisa, Abebe Megersa, Wendwosen Abayne, Haftom Berhane, Reiye Esayas, Fitsum Kifle, Kokeb Desita, Abebe Addise, Dagim Shimelash, Shitalem Tadesse, Bezaye Zemedkun, Peniel Kenna, Ayenew Yirdie, Abinet Sisay, Tebikew Gashu, Fassil Mihretu, Yesuf Ahmed, Bekele Debebe, Abdureuf Misgea, Amare Agmas, Rahel Assefa, Abdurahman Gelmo, Seifu Alemu, Brook Damtachew, Merid Mersha, Yaekob Chemere, Samuel Fekadu, Sintayehu Regasa, Bonsa Sileshi, Desalegn Wosen, Rebira Adamu, Gersam Mulugeta, Teshome Bacha, Zewude Gudisa, Kebebe Bekele, Alelign Tasew, Habtamu Gezahegn, Daniel Atlaw, Damtew Solomon, Habtemariam Gebresillasie, Girmaye Tesfaye, Negussie Sarbecha, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Kenbon Seyoum, Gemechu Ganfure, Yohannes Tekalegn, Gosa Tesfaye, Temesgen Ayichew, Shibiru Sendaba, Musefa Redwan, Eyasu Muse, Girma Nina, Bizuneh Sime, Addisalem Tadege, Anbesse Jima, Nugusu Ayalew, Dagmawi Workneh, Daniel Teferi, Momodou T. Nyassi, Landing N. Sanyang, Omar Jallow, Abdoulie Keita, Kitabu Jammeh, Charles Roberts, Patrick Idoko, Kebba Marenah, Masirending Njie, Musa Marena, Karamba Suwareh, Simon Boissey, Fatoumatta Jarjusey, Awa Jah, Awa Sanyang, Dado Jabbi, Kajali Camara, Armando Correa, John Jabang, Lamin Jaiteh, Lamin Dampha, Aminata Manneh, Baboucarr Sowe, Abdoulie Bah, Edrisa Jawo, Victoria Okoje, Momodou Baro, Yaya Bah, Mustapha Njie, Sainabou Mbowe, Ebrima Kanteh, Sarjo Ceesay, Alagie Manneh, Evans Atito-Narh, Adwoa Wilson, Romeo Hussey, Emmanuel Okine, Jemima Kwarteng, Ridge Ntiamoah, Samuel Dadzie, Mark Aseti, Naa Sowah, Akosua Appiah, Charles Bankah, Patrick Mburugu, Thomas Chokwe, Patrick Olang, Vernon Gacii, Susane Nabulindo, Antony Gatheru, Timothy Mwiti, Caroline Mwangi, Julius Muriithi, Daniel Ojuka, Omondi Ogutu, Evans Masitara, Mohamed Chaudhry, Reuben Kamundi, Annmarie Kangangi, Thomas Massaquoi, Stephen Takow, Felister Moraa, Aziz Munubi, Moses Kimani, Adili Wobenjo, Linda Nguu, Vincent Omeddo, Rose Malaba, Ambrose Nabwana, Anita Mwancha, Alexandria Mugaa, John Wamwaki, Joyce Chege, Seymour Sinari, Andrew Ndonga, Rose Shitsinzi, Walter Akello, Winfred Kimani, Elisha Kirwa, Seno Saruni, Andrew Wainaina, Ernest Nshom, Aidah Kenseko, Kizito Shisanya, Purity Wanjiru, Julliah Cherotich, Judy Kimutai, Benson Wahome, Grace Wangui, Dennis Wamalwa, Stephen Mwangi, John Chege, Tabitha Wanjiku, Carolyne Njoki, Wachira Waititu, Conrad Ambani, Samuel Murimi, Sharon Waithira, Nilson Mouti, Collins Kibet, John Kibet, Virginia Sokobe, Beatrice Jeymah, Antony Kamadi, Faith Gichuri, Steve Moses, David Wasike, Favours Adeya, Caesar Bitta, Stephen Ogendo, Killian Kariuki, Hdaya BenAbdalla, Taha Suliaman, Fatima Ali Abokhzam, Mohaned Isa, Mohammed Huwaysh, Asma Bourawi, Kais Alzubaidy, Mohammed Albaraesi, Sumayyah Bahroun, Abdulmueti Alhadi, Ahmed Msherghi, Amira Mohamed, Ala Khaled, Nouran Aljadi, Elham Bareig, Khaled Elgazwi, Adel Elgazwi, Ibrahim El-busife, Safa Owhida, Almahdi Eltwati, Samah Elakeili, Taha Abubaker, Fatima Elkhfeefi, Soha Younis Hasan, Amal Alttaira, Imbarkah Elmraied, Rim Wishah, Omar Abugassa, Hazem Ahmed, Amera Ellafi, Shoukrie Shoukrie, Nawal Aldokali, Aws ElGammudi, Akram Alkaseek, Hoda Elhaddad, Ayyah Alqaarh, Ahlam Brish, Malek Abudsnnuga, Salsabil Albuaishi, Mohammed Albashri, Marwa Morgom, Mohammed Alawami, Eman Shawesh, Abdullah Almabrouk, Moaz Alwarfalli, Nagia Abeid, Anis Buzreg, Ans Malek, Ameerah Abayu, Butaina Abdulhafith, Wedad Abouruwes, Marim Albakuri, Sabria Almuammari, Esam Alsaghair, Fatheia Alreshi, Hassan Badi, Rabiee Alfetoey, Naji Zubia, Bushray Almiqlash, Abdulsalam Alshuhoumi, Rayet Al-islam Ben Jouira, Amaal Dier, Essra Gebril, Mohammed Abdelkabir, Sana Moussa, Marwa Alfitori, Mabroukah Azbeda, Hajar Alamin, Ejmeya Barka, Omlsaad Mosbah, Rema Abdasalam, Miftah Hiyoum, Maryam Abd allateef, Ibrahim Altomi, Mahdi Alsakloul, Ekhlas Karami, Munyah Alriqeeq, Mabruka Omar, Ashraf Samer, Aml Aemeesh, Ahmad Bouhuwaish, Ahmed Elusta, Sultan Ahmeed, Wesal AlFighi Hassan, Mouadah Ali Altayr, Mohamed Addalla, Abrar Geddeda, Kheria Khoja, Doaa Alhaj, Muaad Etturki, Ahmed Elhadi, Ibrahim Ellojli, Anshirah Shuwayyah, Ahmed Elfaghih, Malak Alduwayb, Mohamed Aleiyan, Wedad Aboubreeq, Soliman Alkassem, Sami Ashour, Hayat Ben Hasan, Najat Ben Hasan, Ali Yahya, Palesa Chisala, Edward Kommwa, Lusayo Simwinga, Agness Chalira, Precious Kachitsa, Onias Mtalimanja, Drissa Traoré, Moussa Sissoko, Moussa Camara, Adama Koita, Sekou Koumaré, Omar Sacko, Mahamadou Coulibaly, Lamine Soumaré, Soumaïla Keita, Sidiki Keita, Hamadoun Dicko, Boubacar Diallo, Boureima Bengaly, Mohamed Keita, Siaka Diallo, Drissa Ouattara, Nouhoun Ongoiba, Seydina Beye, Honoré Berthe, Mamadou Diakite, Mamadou Sima, Adégné Togo, Bakary Dembele, Djibo Diango, Moussa Samake, Youssouf Traoré, Louis Traoré, Ongoïba Oumar, Sogoba Gaoussou, Issaga Traoré, Sidy Sangaré, Doua Kanté, Lassana Cissé, Thiam Souleymane, Keita Koniba, Sundaresan Maiyalagan, Julien Chong, Adil Mohit, Khushyant Mungar, Shankaran Vinayagam, Kevin Ramlochun, Jamie Sim, Desai Sneha, Vishaal Kissoon, Yan Tseung, Mohamed Aboobakar, Nitish Fokeerah, Ravi Ramsewak, Jayprakash Gopall, Meetheelesh Abeeluck, Varun Seewoo, Divyanand Jankee, Ashveen Puryag, Senthil Beemadoo, Yashraj Deenoo, Abhisek Goureah, Munawwara Makoon, Hemanshu Rambojan, Beeharry Shanjugsingh, Kevin Viraswami, Shehzaad Joomye, Ashwant Bhugwandass, Bibi Deelawar, Vakil Leelodharry, Luckshmanraj Mungur, Sajid Aungraheeta, Sirsingh Bhajoo, Manpreet Rajcoomar, Rishi Seetaram, Subha Gaya, Gini Batra, Yoshvin Sunnassee, Shailendra Petkar, Sbai Hicham, Labib Smail, Ait Laalim Said, Motaai Youssef, Mouhssine Doumiri, Mustapha Alilou, Nora Farnaoui, Mustapha Bensghir, Abdelghafour Elkoundi, Abdelhamid Jaafari, Abderhmann Elwali, Mohammed Meziane, Walid Atmani, Houssam Rebahi, Hajar Chichou, Safae Zarouf, Abderraouf Soummani, Abou Elhassan Taoufik, Meryem Essafti, Aminata Oumou Traoré, Hamzaoui Hamza, Adnane Berdai, El allani Linda, Salhi Oussama, Nelson Mucopo, Machado Banze, Mouzinho Saide, Tomas Sitoi, Artur Machava, Antonio Carlos, Amilton Guidione, Antonio Saide de Carvalho, Natacha Gemo, Samiro Sema Camal, Arsénio Cuna, Ornelos Madeira, Ladino Assuade, Dercio Amde Fernandes, Dulce Alexandre Machavae Fernandes, Mandua Sebastião, Bernard Sikombe, Matti Kandjimi, Ayoub Shekimweri, Diana Shilomboleni, Mbaundju Kandjii, Leonard Kabongo, Cholastic Hangero, Ike Ndjoze, Ruben Nailonga, Immanuel Uukonga, Uutoni Nakanyala, Lavinia Johannes, Adrian Haruzuvi, Chris Terblanche, Natangwe Shimenda, Delwina Katjipu, Hilma Shalimba, Juliah Kaweendwa, Ali Mbuyi, John Oyedele, Mapumba Mulolo, Peter Njuki, Mutombo Ndaie, Akutu Munyika, Hilma Katangolo, David Tjiyokola, Tawanda Mhene, Archbald Masiambiri, Paidamoyo Mandudzo, Sandra Kapepiso, Haziel Mavesere, Cedia Tjihoto, Daylight Manyere, Charlotte Kauraisa, Learnmore Garanowako, Michael Tune, William DeKlerk, Benvenue Ndolo, Maria Angula, Ndapewoshali Hishekwa, Elizabeth Nandjendja, Elsabe Tsauses, Eunice Mouton, Kudzai Katandawa, Sophia Bruwer, Jaydee Van Staden, Beata Siteketa, Beata Kaholongo, Martha Ntinda, Pueya Nashidengo, Johanna Kandjumbwa, Lahia Lipumbu, Moussa Sirfi, Fouma Djibo, Moutari Mahaman, Abdoulaye Mahaman Bachir, Maikassoua Mamane, Adakal Ousseini, Maman Noury Hamissou Souley, Rabo Oumarou, Rekia Idrissa, Moussa Ichaou, Amina Saley, Abdoulay Seyni, Sahabi Amadou, Mahamane Sani Mahamane Laminou, Issoufou Moustapha Camara, Moussa Gagara, Hadjara Rabiou Daddy, Harissou Adamou, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Oumarou Habou, Sabo Ramatou, Saidu Kadas, Rabiu Mohammed, Abubakar Ballah, Tella Olalekan, Kefas Bwala, Mohammed Adamu, Adamu Isa, Ademola Adeyeye, Samuel Fayose, Akinola Akinmade, Taiwo Ajayi, Elizabeth Nwasor, Saidu Yakubu, Euphemia Ugwu, George Mukoro, Muhammed Ahmed, Gideon Akafa, Ahmad Lawal, Daniel Nwoye, Michael Odigbo, Zulaihatu Sarkin-Pawa, Tunde Sholadoye, Benjamin Fomete, Hamisu Yakubu, Abdulkadir Kabiru, Samaila Timothy, Ali Yusuf, Tasiu Saadu, Babangida Mohammed, Abdulghaffar Yunus, Ganiyat Olagunju, Muhammad Aminu, Mohammad Idris, Musliu Tolani, Nasiru Dalhat, Samuel Gana, Talent Adike, Lofty-John Anyanwu, Abdurrahman Sheshe, Sani Aji, Mamuda Atiku, Raphael Attah, Abubakar Muhammed, Rasaki Oseni, Halima Salisu-Kabara, Benjamin Nkemjika, Omotayo Salami, Adekunle Akadri, Bukola Olayinka, Clement Onuoha, Umar Usman Jamaare, Auwalu Saminu Jibrin, Sani Giade Abdullahi, Ibrahim Ishaku, Adenike Odewabi, John Bamigboye, Oladapo Kuforiji, Chidiebere Ogo, Stella Ogunmuyiwa, Abdussemee Abdurrazzaaq, Adebayo Tanimola, Michael Adeyanju, Oluwatimilehin Andero, Temitope Ojo, Olusi Adedotun, Gbadamosi Kehinde, Jimoh Buraimoh, Kabiru Muhammad, Sophia Baidoo, Patrick Okoli, Azeez Adigun, Ekene Ezeonye, Kabir Isa, Yetunde Aremu-Kasumu, Kamil Shoretire, Peter Enesi, Amechi Ezike, Olatunde Olawoye, Emmanuel Ugwu, Christopher Ukah, Abolade Olugbenga, Nwachukwu Chidiebere, Nasiru Abdulraman, Adebiyi Olusegun, Alisa Halisa, Semiat Yusuf, Jamila Salisu, Chidiebube Okoro, Abdul Suleiman, Fabian Onowighose, Aliyu Farinyaro, Suleiman Baba, Umar Abdulmajid, Aisha Abdurrahman, Ogochukwu Obi, Olatunde Alabi, William Adeyemi, Jelili Salau, Jones Taiwo, Nnaemeka Nwafulume, Taiye Ibiyeye, Edith Agu, Ayodeji Danboy, James Abdulazeez, Christopher Ekwunife, Chimaobi Nnaji, Chigozirim Onyekpere, Amara Arunsi, Jude Egwim, Obianuju Nwana, Nnabuike Ojiegbe, Charles Mbamba, Paul Ngwu, Frank Imahigbe, Emmanuel Okoroji, Iloh Ikenna, Abdulrahman Mohammed, Adebayo Adeniyi, Toluwalope Ariyo, Olajide Gabriel, Tesleem Orewole, Salawu Idris, Idowu Adebara, Abiodun Okunlola, Akinwale Akinbade, Oluwasesan Afolabi, Adewumi Bakare, Olabisi Adeyemo, Benjamin Ugwu, Samuel Nuhu, Henry Embu, Erdoo Isamade, Chinedu Obikili, Amaka Ocheke, Solomon Peter, Donald Orshio, Peter Onuminya, Jack Okopi, Olufemi Bankole, Bosede Afolabi, Dapo Osinowo, Ayodeji Oluwole, Muyiwa Rotimi, Ibironke Desalu, Rufus Ojewola, Bolaji Mofikoya, Kola Owonikoko, Adeolu Adeoye, Temidayo Bobo, Taiwo Akinloye, David Ama, Ebere Okoronkwo, Muhammad Mahmud, Jamiu Adebiyi, Temitope Babalola, Mansur Muhammad, Afeez Aruna, Maryrose Osazuwa, Ayodeji Yusuf, Isiaka Lawal, Bitrus Fidelis, Rephath Pius, Cyril Jomosu, Adebayo Adedayo, Abubakar Aliyu, Adaora Agholor, Abdullateef Abdulazeez, Chabiya Bala, Eziamaka Eze, Elizabeth Ani, Uchenna Okeke, Dominica Adebayo, Okechukwu Ekwunife, Victor Modekwe, Chuka Ugwunne, Chukwuemeka Okoro, Chisom Uche, Simeon Olateju, Fred Ige-Orhionkpaibima, Adedapo Adetoye, Olurotimi Aaron, Jeremiah Abimbola, Folayemi Faponle, Olumuyiwa Ajayeoba, Olusoji Jagun, Oluwabunmi Fatungase, Adeniyi Akiseku, Chigbundu Nwokoro, Ramotalai Shoyemi, Ibukunolu Ogundele, Nankat Joseph, Salihu Bura, Chukwuka Nwezoku, Manu Bwala, Meshach Philips, Abubakar Usman, Emmanuel Filibus, Zara Umate, Nwabuoke Chukwuka, Ahmed Nuhu, Watakiri Ibrahim, James Nggada, Ali Izge, Musa Ismail, Olayinka Eyelade, Tinuola Adigun, Babatunde Osinaike, Olayinka Ogunbode, Olusola Idowu, Taiwo Lawal, Temidayo Ogundiran, Olayiwola Shittu, Omobolaji Ayandipo, Stephen Edino, Zumnan Songden, Olumide Akitoye, Bissallah Ekele, Godwin Akaba, Terkaa Atim, Akitoye Adeleke, Owoicho Okochi, Sunday Akeju, Ernest Ukpoju, Osayomwanbo Osaheni, Ifunanya Obaseki, Lateef Kehinde, Osawemwenze Monday, Stanley Nte, Adesuwa Agboifo, Omajuwa Dawodu, Precious Orhiere, David Atiti, Queeneth Kalu, Felix Effiom, Israel Kolawole, Olawale Ojo, Afusat Olabinjo, Olufemi Ige, Beatrice Ogunyemi, Olusola Oladosu, Kikelomo Adesina, Sulaiman Agodirin, Asimiyu Shittu, Audu Idrisa, Sadiq Adamu, Nuhu Ali, Olayinka Adewunmi, Stephen Nwankwor, Akinwumi Olakanmi, Oluseye Ajayi, Ayotolu Ajayi, Victor Ogunmola, Oluwafunke Olakanmi, Adam Kuranga, Enoch Uche, Chukwuemeka Osuagwu, Chukwudi Ilo, Mesi Matthew, Uko Uko, Ngozi Mba, Olubusola Alagbe-Briggs, Amabra Dodiyi-Manuel, Bisola Onajin-Obembe, Bright Obasuyi, Richard Echem, Ihuoma Mike-Elechi, Job Otokwala, Mark Edubio, Catherine Eyo, Isaac Udo, Aliyu Abdulrahman, A.A. Abdullahi, Ibrahim Galadima Bello, Usman Adinoyin Mohammed, Abidemi Oyaromade, Mohammed Bello, Usman Muhammad, Emeri Mbah, Hyacinth Okereke, Almustapha Aminu, Anthony Ahmadu, Abu Rogers, Peter Samai, Sao Amara, Margaret Yankuba, Mary Josayah, Jayah Swarray Jnr, Alusine Dawo, Peter George, Mustapha Kabba, Mohamed Bah, Charles Mondeh, Ibrahim Kapuwa, Mohamed Sheku, Philip Mattia, Brima Sesay, Jones O.A. Omoshoro-Jones, Motselisi Mbeki, Estie Cloete, Philip Anderson, Busi Mrara, Annemarie Steyn, Tsakani Mhlari, Nic Proctor, Caroline Robertson, Gillian Lamacroft, Usha Singh, Sebenzile Sikhakhane, Kelly Gate, Shepherd Nzenza, John Tshimbalanga Kasonga, Sibongile Ndebele, Patrick Lufuta Kande, Jody Davids, Tino-vito Orlandi, Marischka de Jong, Hugo Stark, Francois Roodt, Jonathan Hall, Ian Nortje, Akanimo Akpakan, Vishendran Govindasamy, Ronisha Sathiram, Mohammad Kathrada, Zane Farina, Lucio Frittella, Charles Kohler, Sibuyiselwe Lubelwana, Sarwat Ikram-Hameed, Adriaan Smit, Muneerah Cassiem, Yvonne Freeman, Saaliha Goga, Larissa Cronje, Constantin Buzdugan, Subash Chirkut, Priyadeshni Singh, Sandhya Jithoo, Vivesh Rughubar, John Arnold, Rishan Bipath, Suman Mewa Kinoo, Ncumisa Khanyisa Msolo, Fleur Ackermans-Deijnen, Tshegofatso Mmasello Emma Boka, Martyn Biccard Greenwood, Shakthi Anand Jayrajh, Devarani Naidoo, Syndrini Reddy, Devandiran Harriraman Rungan, Kylene Subrayen, John Roos, Nina Tredoux, Pascal Plumacher, Anthony Reed, Harald Steinhaus, Mariesa Nock, Paul Ryan Herselman, Gareth Davies, Talitha Harvey, Franklin Muller, Willem Naude, Tania Pretorius, Johan Jochemus Swart, Merryn Walls, Prashant Gokal, Nicolette Rorke, Farzaana Dhoodhat, Precious Dzanibe, Mohammed Yusuf Hussain, Ashmita Junpath, Ameela Maharaj, Hylda Makanisi, Khalid Moosa, Ting Ting Wong, Sean Mould, Trisha Ramsamy, Roel Matos-Puig, Hayley Morgan, Nadeem Nabeebuccas, Ria Devi Naidoo, Viantha Pather, Vasheel Vasheel Bahadur, Renilda Pillay, Zahnne Fullerton, Nicole Bell, Bongisa Grey, Vincent Lorenzo Visentin, Hendrik Adriaan Van Zyl, Terri Anne Killingbeck, Emile Maneveldt, Gerhard Thiart, Magdelena May Venter, Oostewalt Swart, Mariette Grobelaar, Carel Cairns, David Bishop, Christien Steenkamp, Thandekile Khumalo, Noel Naidoo, Ross Murray, Martin Kopieniak, Melusi Sishange, Mxolisi Brian Ndimande, Megan Jaworska, Sarwat Ikram, Bence Rainier, Renier J. Liebenberg, Helena D. Zwiegers, Philip M. Nortje, Kamal Bhagwan, Margot Flint, Robert Dyer, Simone Adams, Yoshua Bwambale, Danny Ngomo, Patrice Kanku, Nivashen Pillay, Alexa de Castro, Atisha Maharaj, Janine Carim, Jenna Leigh Taylor, Karl M. Köhne, Leanne W. Drummond, Leanne Temlett, Lieze Geldenhuys, Yvonne Seilbea, Kathryn Naidoo, Nicola A. Kalafatis, Stefné Verwey, Thulile Biyase, Theroshnie Kisten, Belinda S. Kusel, Timothy Craig Hardcastle, Richard Magagula, Christian Kampik, Kuzolunga Xulu, Sivuyisiwe Solala, Mia Sayed, Basil Enicker, Anil Madaree, Innocent Mukama, Gladmore Madombwe, Nonhlanhla Zulu, Nompumelelo Gasa, Nokuzula Kanjana, Sebenzile Buthelezi, Thembelihle Buthelezi, Andries Brink, Francois Potgieter, Busisiwe Mrara, Zaynab Alexander, Charles Choto, Paula Ima, Zintle Gxagxisa, Baphethuxolo Ningiza, Gillian Lamacraft, Jerome Mogorosi, Nadia du Plessis, Leonie de Man, Suné Thompson, Gerrit van Heerden, Edwin W. Turton, Pieter M. van der Linde, Josephine K. Teme-Pitse, Reitumetse Tladi, Gillian D. Saffy, Ene-Mari Roscher, Kristel Fortune, George Barnard, Tiisetso Makhasane, Evan Bowen, Akangcha Pal, Rachel Moore, Maria Fourtounas, Mary Augusta Adam, Renessa Arumugan, Gabriella Hyman, Jaclyn Jonosky, Maninginingi Makondo, Heveshan Moodley, Phillip Munda, Mzwandile Nyalungu, Victor Olusola, Sohan Zane Pinto, Tristan Pillay, Lucinda Singh, Paul Mwindekuma Wondoh, John Devar, Boitumelo Baloyi-Mnisi, Zach Koto, Matlou Ernest Mabitsela, Sibongile Ruth Ndlovu, Branny Mthelebofu, Colin Beck, Matthew Dold, Alice Fan, Shannon MacQueen, Thembani Matabata, Catherine Mpehle, Charné Kulenkampf, Tsakani McCreath Mhlari, Simangele Cecilia Nyoka-Mokgalong, Felix Thumba Masinge, Randhir Ramnath Gunpath, Maropeng Petrus Pat Mothwa, Jo-Anne Asenath Mothwa, Danai Mhlanga, Jamie-Lyn Colly, Aunel Mallier Peter, Khalid Ben Hameda, Pulane Mokae, Stella Josephine Moumakoe, Kelechi Ekeh, Nezingu Lengo, Marnus Booyens, Inge Louise Seale, Pieter Daniel Theron, Nicolaas Abraham Schuman, Amber Carlyn Sonn, Jacobus Lukas Stander, Nadia Cloete, Marius Cloete, Catherine Ann Makepeace, Ronel van der Westhuizen, Leanne Robyn Messiahs, Amy Ruth Visagie, Fatima Vawda, Frans Christiaan Voster, Deepika Dhilraj, Oliver Smith, Stefan Bolon, Daniel Montwedi, Motsilisi Mbeki, Jayde Wyngaard, Mthunzi Ngcelwane, Thomas Kleyenstuber, Phyllis Phukubye, Liesel Schärf, Grace Laker, Elizabeth Semenya, Reinhard Dembskey, Thomas Tarlton, Tapiwa Jiri, Ngoie Hubert Mushid, Nhlanhla Samuel Ngwenya, Hazel Morongoa Mogodi, Carmen Sinevici, Anthony Osarogie Usenbo, Naledi Fodo, Anesu Chimini, Ntetelelo Sikobi, Sinovuyo Nokwange, Mluleki Noqhamza, Qumba Thembisa, Kajake Anantha Padmanabha Bhat, Rabin Mathew, Katrin Middleton, Abdus-sami Adewunmi, Craig Dickson, Humairah Bulbulia, Bianka Bester, Michelle de Klerk, Christia Benade, Francois Viljoen, Monique Fischer, Khalid Alfaki, Abdalmalik Awad, Abdelsalam Algray, Mohammed Elsiddig, Suha Mohamed, Salih Mahmoud, Muhammed Osman, Asia Elgailany, Mazin Suliman, Hanaa Mohammed, Lina Aljeally, Mohammed Dirar, Mohammed Osman, Mazin Mohamed, Mohamed Elhasan, Abrar Widatalla, Abubakr Abubakr, Eman Mohamed, Alshareef Nour, Ntonto Doris Gama, Dolorosa Khetsiwe Shabangu, Cynthia Iradikunda, Samuel Mkoko, Paul Kisanga, Emmanuel Lema, Benson Lyimo, Mohamed Binde, Alphonce Chandika, Salim Salim, Sylvia Jumbe, Abel Makubi, Vihar Kotecha, Felician Kachinde, Museleta Nyakiroto, Emmanuel Jitambi, Venant Geofrey, Johaphes Josiah, Phinius Makubi, Frank Manumbu, Suzan Mlingwa, Ernest Ibenzi, Peter Mbelle, Kato Peleus, Enid Chiwanga, Nillah Richard, Shoo Leonard, Paulo Sanka, Subira Mushi, Bashir Nyangasa, Mohamed Janabi, Naizihijwa Majani, Pedro Palangyo, Evarist Nyawawa, William Ramadhan, Faraj Lydenge, Gileard Gabriel Masenga, Sakina Rashid, Mubashir Jusabani, Ansbert Ndebea, Jenitha Cheru, Margaret Henjewele, Greyson Kilimanjaro, Sarah Sikimata, Deocles Donatus, Hazina Maduhu, Tumaini Mariro, Given Massasi, Moshi Moshi Shabani, Braison Cholela, Marco Mgeleka, Yohatinus Mbilinyi, Faraja Chiwanga, Bilton Exavery, Caspar Haule, Samson Ndile, Sirili Harya, Julieth Magandi, Deogratius Manyama, Redempta Matindi, Adam Moshi, Daudi Kitwana, Merida Makia, Philip Muhochi, Miriam Herman, Clauda Miombo, Furaha Kahindo, Langtone Kishebuka, Elijah Ussiri, Gloria Kinasa, Patrick Adel, Eric Malaba, Vensesla Sakwari, Sadot Lugereka, Mohamed Mungia, George Mocha, Herman Wella, Cecilia Protas, Patrick Karua, Ahmada Kashagama, Faraja Mwasambugu, Suzana Kajeri, Jacquiline Mchilla, Elibariki Lucumay, Robert Maise, Amon Marti, Beatrice Mahundi, Frederika Jager, Charles Majani, Ludovick Rukeha, Tareeq Mohamed, Nabila Fuad, Winifrida Halinga, Elias Chrisant, Gilbert Msoma, Titus Kihwili, Gadiel Temu, Naima Yusuf, Rashid Saleh, Rashid Inoja, Eva Shang'a, Stella Ibrahim, Hussein Msuma, Edwin Edward, Paul Kilamile, Stephen Mwakyolile, Talkana Adja, Edem Gueouguede, Hafoudhoi Oussene Seddoh, Saliou Adam, Pilakimwe Egbohou, Mawunyo Ahomagnon, Olivier Kadjossou, Abdul-Bassiti Boukari, Mary T. Nabukenya, Ruth Muhindo, Peter Waswa, Peter Kaahwa Agaba, Daphne Kabatoro, Joseph Kayongo, Margaret Naggujja, Nabasiige Rehema, Phiona Nansubuga, Daniel Kavuma, Aggrey Lubikire, Hope Bisilikirwa, Godfrey Ssebaggala, Emmanuel Muwema, Humble Joan Agaba, John Kiconco, Nicholas Wataaka, Bonet Chan, Mary Juliet Nampawu, Fred Bulamba, Emmanuel Bua, Christine Mugala, Caroline Nyakato, John Paul Ochieng, Linda Kyomuhendo Jovia, George Kateregga, Rachel Alum, Lazia Najjuma, Gorret Nampiina, Andrew Kintu, Joshua Sempiira, Luzige Simon, Peter Kayima, Jacob Eyul, Erick Odwar, Rita Nkwine, Christine Namata, Elizabeth Nabakka, Denis Kakaire, Velda Mushangwe-Mtisi, Erisha Munhamo, Celestino Dhege, Juliet Hungwa, Hemish Jasi, Crispin Ntoto, Derek Matsika, Brightson Mutseyekwa, Joseph Zimbovoora, Beaulah Gudyanga, Dennis Mazingi, Chenesa Mbanje, Busisiwe Mlambo, Michael Chiwanga, Harunavamwe N. Chifamba, Sarudzai Zhou, Esta Hove, Shamiso Dende, Beauty Manjengwa, Penias Kapisa, null Mashava, Caritas Chiura, Locadia Katsukunya, Godfrey Muguti, Doreen Mashava, Elton Ndhlovu, Zanele Mangwangwa, and Nombulelo Dube
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Interprofessional Relations, media_common.quotation_subject, Psychological intervention, Fidelity, Postoperative Complications, Surveys and Questionnaires, Intervention (counseling), Humans, Medicine, Postoperative Period, Cooperative Behavior, Nursing management, media_common, Response rate (survey), business.industry, Standard of Care, Odds ratio, Hospitals, Confidence interval, Clinical trial, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Population Surveillance, Africa, Physical therapy, business
Abstract: Background The African Surgical OutcomeS-2 (ASOS-2) trial tested an enhanced postoperative surveillance intervention to reduce postoperative mortality in Africa. We undertook a concurrent evaluation to understand the process of intervention delivery. Methods Mixed-methods process evaluation, including field notes, interviews, and post-trial questionnaire responses. Qualitative analysis used the framework method with subsequent creation of comparative case studies, grouping hospitals by intervention fidelity. A post-trial questionnaire was developed using initial qualitative analyses. Categorical variables were summarised as count (%) and continuous variables as median (inter-quartile range [IQR]). Odds ratios (OR) were used to rank influences by impact on fidelity. Results The dataset included eight in-depth case studies, and 96 questionnaire responses (response rate 67%) plus intervention fidelity data for each trial site. Overall, 57% (n=55/96) of hospitals achieved intervention delivery using an inclusive definition of fidelity. Delivery of the ASOS-2 interventions and data collection presented a significant burden to the investigators, outstripping limited resources. The influences most associated with fidelity were: surgical staff enthusiasm for the trial (OR=3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3–7.0); nursing management support of the trial (OR=2.6; 95% CI, 1.1–6.5); performance of a dummy run (OR=2.6; 95% CI, 1.1–6.1); nursing colleagues seeing the value of the intervention(s) (OR=2.1; 95% CI, 0.9–5.7); and site investigators' belief in the effectiveness of the intervention (OR=3.2; 95% CI, 1.2–9.4). Conclusions ASOS-2 has proved that coordinated interventional research across Africa is possible, but delivering the ASOS-2 interventions was a major challenge for many investigators. Future improvement science efforts must include better planning for intervention delivery, additional support to investigators, and promotion of strong inter-professional teamwork. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials gov NCT03853824.
Published: 2021
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35. Medical expulsive therapy symptomatic aggravation in blind right orthotopic ureterocoele and contralateral impacted left ureteral meatus stones: A Case Report

Author: Abdullahi Khalid, Abubakar Sadiq Muhammad, Haruna Usman Kamba, and Abubakar Isyaku
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Meatus, Impaction, business.industry, medicine, business, Surgery
Abstract: A ureterocoele with stone may present with recurrent flank pain and urinary tract infection. Medical expulsive therapy (MET) may be associated with symptomatic aggravation when there is ureteric obstruction or stone impaction. The definitive treatment is by deroofing and retrieval of the stone endoscopically or by open intravesical approach. We report a case of symptomatic aggravation of right orthotopic blind ureterocoele stone and contralateral impacted left ureteral meatus stone following MET using tamsulosin who was treated by open deroofing and retrieval of stones. Case presentation: This is a 17-year-old lady who presented with recurrent suprapubic colicky abdominal pain that was aggravated by Medical Expulsive Therapy (MET) using tamsulosin but improves with opioid analgesics. Abdominopelvic ultrasound done before MET revealed bladder stone but the repeat ultrasound after the MET revealed bilateral ureterocoele with stones. A computerized tomographic scan urogram (CTU) revealed a right ureterocoele stone and bladder stone. She had bladder exploration with the finding of blind right orthotopic ureterocoele containing stone measuring 2.5cm x 3cm and an impacted peeping left ureteric meatus stone of 1.2x1 cm. She had deroofing of the right ureterocoele and retrieval of the stones bilaterally. The stitches and stents were removed and discharged on 9 and 10 postoperative days respectively. The postoperative period was uneventful. Conclusion: Medical expulsive therapy may be associated with symptomatic aggravation in blind orthotopic ureterocoele and sizeable impacted ureteral meatus stone. Findings of the Imaging studies may be conflicting and inaccurate. Deroofing of the ureterocoele and stone retrieval is associated with a good outcome.
Published: 2021
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36. Esophageal Carcinoma and Predisposing Factors Among Patients Presented at Isra University Hospital Hyderabad

Author: Sajan Sawai, Khalid Hussain, Muneer Sadiq, Imran Arshad, Ayaz Ahmed, and Prem Kumar
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, General surgery, Carcinoma, Medicine, business, medicine.disease, University hospital
Abstract: Objective: To determine the frequency of predisposing factors in patients having esophageal carcinoma and presented at gastroenterology department of Isra University Hospital Hyderabad. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at department of Gastroenterology of Isra university hospital Hyderabad. The study duration was 6 months from July 2017 to December 2017. All patients with esophageal carcinoma assessed by endoscopy and biopsy, age 18 to 60 years either gender was included. During endoscopy specimens were taken with the help of biopsy forceps. Multiple specimens were taken from multiple sites of growth, and referred to the Aga Khan Diagnostic Laboratory for biopsy. In conformed esophageal carcinoma cases after biopsy, history of predisposing factors was taken from patients and their attendants. All the data were entered in the proforma. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Results: In this study total 157 cases were studied and their mean age was 51.64+15.61 years. The mean duration of disease was 4.89+2.61 months. Males were found in majority 59.9%. According to the type of esophagus carcinoma 90.4% were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and adenocarcinoma was found 9.6%. Smoking was found most common in 45.2% cases, low intake fruit and vegetables history was in 14.0% cases, history of alcohol consumption was in 8.9% patients while Barrett’s esophagus was found only in 4.5% cases. Old age was found to be significantly more common in both types of carcinomas (p-0.017). There was significant difference was found in the association of predisposing factors with type of carcinoma as smoking, alcohol, low intake fruit and vegetables and smoking + alcohol (p
Published: 2021
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37. Mean Platelet Volume in Patients of Psoriasis in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Author: Ayesha Anwar, Najia Ahmed, Bushra Muzaffar Khan, Nida Yaqoob, Moizza Tahir, and Sakina Sadiq
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Internal medicine, Psoriasis, medicine, In patient, Tertiary care hospital, Mean platelet volume, medicine.disease, business
Abstract: Objective: To determine mean platelet volume in patients of psoriasis Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and duration of study: Dermatology Department, Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi from August 2017 to January 2018. Methodology: Approval from the hospital ethical review committee was taken and a total of 100 patients were enrolled by non-probability consecutive sampling. After an informed written consent, name, gender, age, hospital record number, and phone number of each individual were noted. At the time of enrollment, all the individuals were subjected to complete blood count, bleeding time, fasting blood sugar, fasting lipid profile, renal and liver function tests. Patients with abnormal parameters were excluded from the study. A two ml venous blood sample was drawn from each patient and sent in CP bottle to the laboratory of Armed Forces Institute of Pathology for blood complete analysis by hematology analyzer machine. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 22. Results: In this study mean age was 40 ± 10.40 years. 54% patients were male and 46% patients were female. Mean platelet volume in patients presenting with psoriasis was 9.10fL with SD ± 2.12. Conclusion: Our study concludes that the mean platelet volume in patients presenting with psoriasis was 9.10fL with SD ± 2.12 which is in the normal range. Therefore, mean platelet volume is not affected by psoriasis. Key words: Mean platelet volume, psoriasis, severity, cross-sectional study
Published: 2021
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38. Consumer choice of health facility among the lowest socioeconomic group in newly established demand-side health-financing scheme in Pakistan

Author: Umair Qazi, Naveed Sadiq, Saeed Anwar, and Sidra Malik
Subjects: education.field_of_study, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Public health, Public sector, Population, General Medicine, Private sector, Socioeconomic Factors, Health facility, Pregnancy, Universal Health Insurance, Public hospital, Health care, medicine, Healthcare Financing, Humans, Female, Pakistan, Health Facilities, Business, Social determinants of health, Socioeconomics, education
Abstract: The Social Health Protection Initiative (SHPI) was introduced initially in Pakistan in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. The initiative aimed to provide the lowest socioeconomic group of the population with in-patient healthcare services, which otherwise would be financially hard to obtain. It is one of the flagship projects of the Provincial Government to contribute towards the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and universal health coverage.To assess consumer choice of health facility and its determinants for public versus private sector health facilities by people enrolled in SHPI.We used secondary data of availed health services from February 2016 to September 2017 under SHPI. A proxy outcome variable, visit to health facility, was used to determine consumer choice between public and private sector health facilities. The treatment group (health services received by beneficiaries) was used as an independent variable controlled for age groups, cost groups, and geographic location of health facilities. All statistical analyses were performed by SPSS version 20.Most beneficiaries chose private over public health facilities (90.25%). The adjusted odds of visiting a public sector health facility for surgical and obstetrics/gynaecological services were 0.12 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.10-0.16] and 0.11 (95% CI: 0.09-0.14) respectively, when compared to medical services.SHPI beneficiaries have lesser odds of visiting a public hospital over a private one. The choice may be affected by factors such as age of the beneficiary, cost of health services, and geographic location of health facilities.اختيار المستفيدين للمرفق الصحي في أدنى فئة اجتماعية واقتصادية من السكان في المخطط الحديث للتمويل الصحي على جانب الطلب في باكستان.سدرة مالك، نافيد صادق، سعيد أنور، عمير قاضي.بدأت مبادرة الحماية الصحية الاجتماعية في باكستان في مقاطعة خيبر بختونخوا. وكانت المبادرة تهدف إلى تزويد أدنى فئة اجتماعية واقتصادية من السكان بخدمات الرعاية الصحية للمرضى الداخليين، التي لولا ذلك لواجهوا صعوبة مالية في الحصول عليها. وهي أحد المشاريع الرئيسية لحكومة المقاطعة للمساهمة في تحقيق أهداف الأمم المتحدة للتنمية المستدامة والتغطية الصحية الشاملة.هدفت هذه الدراسة الى تقييم اختيار المستفيدين المُسجَّلين في المبادرة للمرفق الصحي ومُدِّدات اختيارهم لمرافق القطاع العام الصحية مقابل مرافق القطاع الخاص.استخدمنا بيانات ثانوية بشأن الخدمات الصحية التي قُدِّمت من فبراير/ شباط 2016، حتى سبتمبر/ أيلول 2017، في إطار المبادرة. واستُخدم متغير مخرجات بديل، هو زيارة المرفق الصحي، لتحديد اختيار المستفيد بين المرافق الصحية للقطاعين العام والخاص. واتُّذت مجموعة العلاج (الخدمات الصحية التي تلقاها المستفيدون) متغيرًا مستقلًّ مُضبطًا للفئات العمرية وفئات التكلفة والموقع الجغرافي للمرافق الصحية. وأُجريت جميع التحليلات الإحصائية بالنسخة 20 من برنامج SPSS.فضَّل معظم المستفيدين المرافق الصحية الخاصة على المرافق الصحية العامة (90.25٪). ومع ذلك، بلغت نسبة الأرجحية المُصحَّحة لزيارة مرفق صحي في القطاع العام من أجل الخدمات الجراحية وخدمات أمراض النساء 0.12 [فاصل الثقة 95٪: 0.10-0.16] و 0.11 [فاصل الثقة 95٪: 0.09-0.14) على التوالي، عند مقارنتها بالخدمات الطبية.احتمالات زيارة المستفيدين من مبادرة الحماية الصحية الاجتماعية لمستشفى عام أقل من احتمالات زيارتهم لمستشفى خاص. وقد يتأثر الاختيار بعوامل مثل عمر المستفيد، وتكلفة الخدمات الصحية، والموقع الجغرافي للمرافق الصحية.Choix des établissements de santé par les usagers appartenant au groupe socio-économique le plus bas dans le cadre d’un nouveau programme de financement de la santé axé sur la demande mis en œuvre au Pakistan.L’initiative de protection sociale de la santé (Social Health Protection initiative, SHPI) a été initialement mise en place au Pakistan dans la province de Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Son objectif était de fournir au groupe socio-économique le plus bas de la population des services des soins hospitaliers, dont l’accès serait autrement financièrement difficile. Il s’agit de l’un des projets phares du gouvernement provincial visant à contribuer à la réalisation des objectifs de développement durable des Nations Unies et à la mise en place de la couverture sanitaire universelle.Évaluer le choix des établissements de santé par les personnes inscrites à l’initiative de protection sociale de la santé et les facteurs qui déterminent ce choix entre les établissements du secteur public et ceux du secteur privé.Nous avons utilisé les données secondaires des services de santé dispensés de février 2016 à septembre 2017 dans le cadre de l’initiative de protection sociale de la santé. Une variable de résultat de substitution – la fréquentation d’un établissement de santé – a été utilisée pour déterminer le choix des usagers entre les établissements de santé des secteurs public et privé. Le groupe de traitement (services de santé dispensés aux bénéficiaires) a été utilisé comme variable indépendante qui a été contrôlée pour les groupes d’âge, les groupes de coûts et l’emplacement géographique des établissements de santé. Toutes les analyses statistiques ont été réalisées à l’aide du logiciel SPSS version 20.La plupart des bénéficiaires ont préféré les établissements de santé privés aux établissements publics (90,25 %). Cependant, les probabilités ajustées de se rendre dans un établissement de santé du secteur public pour des services chirurgicaux et gynécologiques étaient de 0,12 [intervalle de confiance (IC) à 95 % : 0,10 à 0,16] et de 0,11 (IC à 95 % : 0,09 à 0,14) respectivement, par rapport aux services médicaux.Les bénéficiaires de l’initiative de protection sociale de la santé sont moins susceptibles de se rendre dans un hôpital public que dans un hôpital privé. Le choix peut être influencé par des facteurs tels que l’âge du bénéficiaire, le coût des services de santé et l’emplacement géographique des établissements de santé.
Published: 2021
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39. Rapid Assessment of the Water Chemistry of Public Water Supply in Abeokuta, SouthWest Nigeria

Author: E.E. Odjegba, I.O. Busari, A.O. Bankole, B.O. Layi-Adigun, and A.Y. Sadiq
Subjects: business.industry, Environmental science, Water chemistry, Water supply, business, Water resource management, Rapid assessment
Abstract: The study examined the water supply situation in Abeokuta, with emphasis on the quality of water distributed by the Ogun State Water Corporation from the treatment plant of the Abeokuta Water Scheme. Water samples were collected from standpipes (taps) across the city randomly selected using the stratified random sampling method and was analysed for physical and chemical parameters: pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, nitrate, bicarbonate, sulphate and chloride. The result of the physical and chemical parameters was subjected to statistical analyses using the multivariate t-test. The result of the treated water was further compared with the result of the analyses of raw water obtained from the source of water used in the treatment plant.
Published: 2021
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40. The Teledentistry, Impact, Current Trends, and Application in Dentistry: A Global Study

Author: Naseer Ahmed, Afsheen Maqsood, Muhammad Shahrukh Khan Sadiq, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Daud Mirza, Abhishek Lal, and Mohamad Syahrizal Halim
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Asia, Article Subject, Attitude of Health Personnel, Dentists, Specialty, Context (language use), General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Likert scale, Young Adult, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, Teledentistry, Response rate (survey), General Immunology and Microbiology, business.industry, General Medicine, Periodontology, Middle Aged, Telemedicine, United States, Europe, Dentistry, Family medicine, Medicine, Female, Observational study, business, Oral medicine, Research Article
Abstract: Objective. The present study was aimed at assessing the impact of teledentistry, its application, and trends in uplifting dental practice and clinical care around the world. Material and Methods. The present observational study comprised of an electronic survey distributed among dental professionals around the globe. The validated survey form consisted of a total 26 questions with 5-point Likert scale response. The questionnaire used was divided into four domains: usefulness of teledentistry for patients, its usefulness in dental practice, its capacity to improve the existing practice, and the concerns attached to its use. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS-25. ANOVA test was used to assess the effect of independent variables on dependent variables. A p value of ≤0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results. A total of 506 dental professionals participated in the study with the response rate of 89.39%. More than half of the participants (50-75%) endorsed that teledentistry is a useful tool for improving clinical practice as well as patient care. Two-thirds of the participants (69.96%) considered that teledentistry would reduce cost for the dental practices. On the other hand, about 50-70% of dental professionals expressed their concerns regarding the security of the data and consent of patients. The most preferred communication tool for teledentistry was reported to be videoconference followed by phone. The majority of participants recommended the use of teledentistry in the specialty of oral medicine, operative dentistry, and periodontics. There was a significant difference between the age, experience of dentists, and their qualifications with domains of teledentistry. Conclusions. The overall impact of dental professionals towards teledentistry was positive with adequate willingness to incorporate this modality in their clinical practice. However, the perceived concerns pertaining to teledentistry are significant impediments towards its integration within the oral health system. An in-depth study of its business model and cost-benefit needs of time, especially in the context of developing countries, in order to avail the optimum benefits of teledentistry.
Published: 2021
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41. A review of phishing attacks and countermeasures for internet of things‐based smart business applications in industry 4.0

Author: Muhammad Anwar, Ashina Sadiq, Shahid Naseem, Rizwan Aslam Butt, Muhammad Younas, Muhammad Shahzad, and Farhan Masud
Subjects: Human-Computer Interaction, Social Psychology, Industry 4.0, business.industry, Computer science, General Social Sciences, Internet of Things, business, Computer security, computer.software_genre, computer, Phishing
Published: 2021
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42. In a Melting Pot of Autobiography: Pickthall’s With the Turk in Wartime and the Cause of Islam

Author: Ebtisam Ali Sadiq
Subjects: Literature, History, Polymers and Plastics, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, SocArXiv|Arts and Humanities, Islam, Biography, General Medicine, Art, Melting pot, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, SocArXiv|Arts and Humanities|English Language and Literature, bepress|Arts and Humanities|English Language and Literature, Business and International Management, business, bepress|Arts and Humanities, media_common
Abstract: Marmaduke Pickthall, a half-forgotten British novelist of the early twentieth century, has come back to the spotlight over the past few years. His Near Eastern novels and short stories have started to receive attention in contemporary scholarship but not his two autobiographies. This essay aims at tackling the more neglected piece of the two, With the Turk in Wartime, that deserves attention because of its intricate amalgamation of several features of the genre of autobiography as manifested across its history within the tradition of English literature. Analysis finds that Pickthall’s autobiography has some Romantic, Victorian, and Modern elements as well as some old characteristics of the genre elaborately interwoven into its structure. The study also traces the use that Pickthall makes of this unique autobiography and how the commingling of diverse elements allows him to turn a usually subjective genre into a public cause and dedicate it to the service of Islam. This essay highlights both the diversity that the literary history of the genre lends to Pickthall’s autobiography and the socio-political service it renders to the faith that the author has long esteemed and will ultimately convert to not long after writing this autobiography.
Published: 2021
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43. Bacterial Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Aerobic Vaginal Pathogens in Gynae Patients Visiting to Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar

Author: Aakash Ahmad Khattak, Ibrar Khan, Sadiq Azam, Noor Rehman, Naheed, Anila Farid, Muhammad Asghar, and Gul e Sehra
Subjects: Veterinary medicine, Cefotaxime, business.industry, medicine.drug_class, Antibiotics, Erythromycin, Sulbactam, Tigecycline, Tazobactam, Ciprofloxacin, Medicine, Gentamicin, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalent aerobic vaginal bacteria and their antibiogram to commonly prescribed antibiotics for the treatment of aerobic vaginitis (AV). METHODOLOGY: A total of 200 high vaginal swabs (HVS) samples were collected from different AV suspected patients visiting Khyber Teaching Hospital (KTH) and processed for identification of bacterial isolates followed by antibiotic susceptibility patterns as per CLSI protocols. RESULTS: Out of 200 clinical samples, 70 (35%) HVS isolates yielded bacterial growth. Of the isolates, E.coli was the common pathogen 36 (51.4%) followed by S.aureus 20 (28.5%), Enterobacter spp 08 (11.4%), Pseudomonas spp 04 (5.7%) and Citrobacter spp 02 (2.8%). The highest prevalence was observed in the age group of 21-35 years (31.4%) followed by age groups 16-20 years (25.7%) and 26-30 years. S.aureus isolates (n=20) were resistant to ciprofloxacin (90%), cephradine (70%), erythromycin (70%), gentamicin (50%) and cefotaxime (40%) while 1 (5%) of each isolate was resistant to methicillin and vancomycin. Majority of the gram-negative isolates (n=50) were resistant to cotrimoxazole, cephalosporins, quinolones, aminoglycosides and susceptible to carbapenems, tigecycline, sulbactam and tazobactam. CONCLUSION: Aerobic vaginitis should be treated very selectively in order not to kill the beneficial bacteria. Before treating AV, the causative agents should be accurately identified and tested for drug susceptibility patterns and empirical antibiotic therapy should be avoided.
Published: 2021
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44. Paradoxical Hypertrichosis after Laser Therapy

Author: Abdur Rahim Khan, Shahida Naz, Muhammad Suhail, Sadiq Khan, Kalsoom Aslam, and Naseem Ullah
Subjects: Hypertrichosis, medicine.medical_specialty, Side effect, business.industry, Cross-sectional study, medicine.medical_treatment, Laser treatment, Mean age, medicine.disease, Phototype, Dermatology, Laser therapy, Medicine, business, Laser hair removal
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: In numerous cultures, unwanted hair is considered a common aesthetic problem. For hair removal, the use of lasers is a common medical procedure that is comparatively safe and has few side effects. Paradoxical hypertrichosis has been reported rarely in previous studies. The aim of this study was to find out the frequency of paradoxical hypertrichosis after laser treatment. METHODOLOGY: This cross sectional study was done for a period of one year from January 2020 to January 2021. This study was conducted at Al-Shifa Clinic and Skin Aesthetic, Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. All those patients who go-through the laser hair removal were included in the study. Diode laser with 808nm wavelength was used. All the patients were observed for paradoxical hypertrichosis after laser treatment. RESULTS: Total 140 patients underwent laser hair removal during a one-year study. There were 120 females and 20 male in our study. The mean age of male was 28±1.2 while the mean age of females was 26±1.4. Amongst 140 patients, the overall prevalence of paradoxical hypertrichosis after laser treatment was 7.8% (n=11). This side effect was observed dominantly on the neck and face. Skin phototype III and 1V were observed with this side effect. CONCLUSION: Our research study concludes that paradoxical hypertrichosis occurs rarely after laser therapy. Study with high sample size and risk factors should be done for better understanding.
Published: 2021
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45. Determinants of learner-centric brand equity for online universities in Gulf countries

Author: Meera Al-Marri, M. Sadiq Sohail, Syed Aziz Anwar, and Ahmed Ankit
Subjects: Marketing, Higher education, business.industry, Perfect competition, Business, Brand equity, Education
Abstract: Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) providing online education have been facing challenges in an increasingly competitive market. Consequently, brand equity has gained importance. This study takes...
Published: 2021
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46. Antidepressants and Black Box Warning: Duty to Inform or Unintended Consequence of Cautious Response

Author: Hanife Akal, Ainsley Backman, Sadiq Naveed, Victoria Urrutia, Muhammad Zeshan, and Salma Malik
Subjects: Black box (phreaking), Psychiatry and Mental health, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Medicine, Advertising, business, Duty, media_common
Abstract: Suicide is a global health problem. According to the World Health Organization, more than 700,000 people a year die because of suicide. About 90% of suicides in the United States are associated with a psychiatric illness, with major depressive disorder (MDD) accounting for 50% of these cases. Although antidepressants are the preferred choice for the treatment of MDD with or without suicidal ideations, they can cause worsening of suicidal ideations in some cases. In October 2004, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) directed manufacturers of all antidepressants to add a “black box” warning regarding possible worsening suicidal thoughts and behaviors in patients younger than age 18 years. In 2006, the FDA extended this warning to young adults up to age 24 years. Since then, there has been significant discussion regarding the warning, its merits and impact, and the implications on the use of antidepressants for the effective management of MDD. This article reviews the historical background of the black box warning, existing evidence, and recommendations on effectively communicating with children/adolescents and their caregivers. [ Psychiatr Ann . 2021;51(10):467–472.]
Published: 2021
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47. An adaptive real‐time energy management system for a renewable energy‐based microgrid

Author: Sevda Zeinal-Kheiri, Amaiya Khardenavis, Rehan Sadiq, Amin Mohammadpour Shotorbani, Kasun Hewage, and Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo
Subjects: Energy management system, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Computer science, business.industry, TJ807-830, Microgrid, business, Automotive engineering, Renewable energy sources, Renewable energy
Abstract: This paper proposes an adaptive real‐time energy scheduling method (RT‐EMS) for a microgrid, using a Lyapunov optimization‐based real‐time approach. Inaccuracy in day‐ahead predictions can result in non‐optimal solutions to the energy scheduling problem. Although the real‐time optimization method eliminates the need to deal with the prediction uncertainties, it ignores the valuable statistical information used in day‐ahead stochastic approaches and provides suboptimal solutions to the problem. The proposed adaptive approach combines the advantages of both the stochastic day‐ahead and the RT‐EMS and reduces the real‐time operational cost of the microgrid. The proposed method moves the RT‐EMS solution towards the optimal solution, by adding a penalty term to the objective function. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the improved performance of the proposed adaptive method.
Published: 2021

48. Image Encryption Algorithm Based on a Novel 4D Chaotic System

Author: Sadiq A. Mehdi
Subjects: business.industry, Computer science, Chaotic, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, business, Encryption, Computer Science::Cryptography and Security, Information Systems, Image (mathematics)
Abstract: In this paper, a novel four-dimensional chaotic system has been created, which has characteristics such as high sensitivity to the initial conditions and parameters. It also has two a positive Lyapunov exponents. This means the system is hyper chaotic. In addition, a new algorithm was suggested based on which they constructed an image cryptosystem. In the permutation stage, the pixel positions are scrambled via a chaotic sequence sorting. In the substitution stage, pixel values are mixed with a pseudorandom sequence generated from the 4D chaotic system using XOR operation. A simulation has been conducted to evaluate the algorithm, using the standardized tests such as information entropy, histogram, number of pixel change rate, unified average change intensity, and key space. Experimental results and performance analyses demonstrate that the proposed encryption algorithm achieves high security and efficiency.
Published: 2021
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49. Thromboelastograph:A prognostic marker in sepsis with organ dysfunction without overt bleeding

Author: Maria Koshy, Ronald Albert Benton Carey, Sukesh C. Nair, Tulasi Geevar, Ramya Iyadurai, John Victor Peter, Fibi Ninan K, Ravikar Ralph, Justin K. Varghese, Bijesh Yadav, and Mohammad Sadiq J
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple Organ Failure, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Gastroenterology, Sepsis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Coagulopathy, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, business.industry, Organ dysfunction, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Blood Coagulation Disorders, Middle Aged, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Thrombelastography, Pneumonia, 030228 respiratory system, Cohort, Mann–Whitney U test, SOFA score, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Background Coagulation abnormalities are not infrequent in sepsis. It is unclear if abnormalities in thromboelastogram (TEG) are associated with mortality in patients with severe sepsis without overt bleeding. Materials and methods In this prospective study, patients were categorised as those with normal coagulation, hypercoagulable or hypercoagulable state based on admission TEG parameters (R time, K time, Maximum amplitude (MA), α angle). Their association with mortality was explored using Fisher's exact and Mann-Whitney U test as appropriate. Results The study cohort (n = 87; 49 male) with median (IQR) age 51 (42–60) years and admission SOFA score 8 (6–11) included scrub typhus (24.1%), pneumonia (22.6%) and urosepsis (10.3%). Non-invasive and invasive ventilation and vasopressors were required in 28.1%, 68.9% and 74%, respectively. Mortality was 24.1%. Based on R time, K time and α angle, 3.5% to 9.3% had a hypercoagulable state and 26.7 to 29.9% were hypocoagulable. Prolonged R time (p = 0.04) and reduced alpha angle (p = 0.01) in patients with hypocoagulable state was associated with mortality. K time, α angle and MA were significantly different in patients requiring transfusion (p Conclusion A subset of patients with severe sepsis without overt bleeding are hypocoagulable. Hypocoagulability is associated with mortality and need for transfusion.
Published: 2021
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50. A UAE Standardized Test and IELTS Vis-À-Vis International English Standards

Author: Safa Al Othali, Maha Al Habbash, Sadiq Abdulwahed Ahmed Ismail, Najah Al Mohammedi, Negmeldin Alsheikh, and Xu Liu
Subjects: Medical education, International English, business.industry, Political science, Standardized test, business, Education
Published: 2021
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