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To evaluate a novel sagittal height fitting algorithm for estimation of alignment curve (AC) radius during Euclid orthokeratology lens trial.Chinese myopic children were recruited in this study and were randomly divided into two groups. The AC radius of one group was calculated by the novel fitting algorithm. The AC radius of the other group was decided by the optometrist using flat K readings and eccentricity values. The number of lens trials was recorded for each patient, and the consistencies of AC radius between the first trial lenses and the final ordered lenses were tested by Pearson correlations and Bland-Altman plots.One hundred three adolescent patients (103 eyes) were enrolled, including 57 boys and 46 girls. The numbers of trials for the novel algorithm and traditional method were 1.2±0.4 times versus 1.4±0.5 times, respectively, and the difference between the two methods was significant (t=2.404, P=0.018). The difference of AC value between the first trial lens and the lens to be produced for the novel algorithm and traditional method 0.000±0.020 mm and 0.003±0.028 mm separately. There was no statistical difference between the two methods (t=0.748, P=0.456).The new sagittal height simulation software can accurately calculate the AC value of the orthokeratology lens suitable for the Chinese patients.

IntroductionLY294002 has been validated as a PI3K pan-inhibitor in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation, which attenuated IL-25-induced asthma-like AHR. Liriodendrin was proved to play essential roles in attenuating endometriosis-associated pain. This work aimed to gain a mechanical insight into the therapeutic efficiency of Liriodendrin administration on attenuating endometriosis-associated pain.Material and methodsVon Frey filament test and thermal hyperalgesia test were carried out to evaluate the acute and daily efficiency of drug administration. Western blot was used to analyze the expression of substance P, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, p-PI3K/p-AKT/p-mTOR, and CGRP. ELISA was performed to examine interleukin-1, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, TNF-α and PGE2 levels.ResultsAs a result, Liriodendrin significantly attenuated pain in endometriosis rats and restored the up-regulation of p-PI3K/p-AKT/p-mTOR in the endometriosis rats. The increased interleukin-1, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, TNF-α, and PGE2 levels were remarkably restored by Liriodendrin in endometriosis rats. Moreover, the activated expression of substance P in the ventral horn of the spinal cord of endometriosis rats was notably restored by Liriodendrin in addition to CGRP. Furthermore, Liriodendrin effectively restored the LPS induced up-regulation of p-PI3K/p-AKT/p-mTOR protein as well as the LPS activated IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β mRNA and protein expression in 12Z cells.ConclusionsWe found that compared with LY294200, Liriodendrin exerted a more evident therapeutic effect in the treatment of endometriosis-associated pain by suppressing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Background Neuroblastoma is a common extracranial malignant tumor in children. Its main treatment modality is a combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Given the advances in chemotherapy regimens and the widespread use of bone marrow transplantation over the decades, there has been improvement in treatment efficacy, which has led to prolonged patient survival. Accordingly, long-term complications have become a growing concern among physicians and patients. This study aimed to analyze the survival rate of patients with neuroblastoma and the risk factors for developing second malignant neoplasms (SMNs). Methods The SEER 18 Regs (1973–2015) and SEER 9 Regs (1973–2015) data of the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database of the US National Cancer Institute were adopted for survival and SMN analysis. Results The 5-, 10-, and 20-year overall survival rates of patients with neuroblastoma were 67%, 65%, and 62%, respectively. Among 38 patients with neuroblastoma who presented with SMNs, those with abdomen as the primary site accounted for the majority (63.2%), followed by those with thorax (26.3%) and other sites (10.5%). SMNs occurred more commonly in non-specific neuroblastoma (incidence: 0.87%) than ganglioneuroblastoma (incidence: 0.3%). Compared with the general population, the risk of SMN is significantly higher (SIR = 4.36). The risk of developing SMNs was significantly higher in the digestive system (SIR = 7.29), bones and joints (SIR = 12.91), urinary system (SIR = 23.48), brain and other nervous systems (SIR = 5.70), and endocrine system (SIR = 5.84). Multivariate analysis revealed that the year of diagnosis (OR = 2.138, 95% CI = 1.634–2.797, p Conclusion This study identifies the risk factor for developing SMNs in patients with neuroblastoma, which could facilitate individualized screening for high-risk patients, to allow early diagnosis and treatment of SMNs.

Objective:Development and validation of a scoring system to predict the risk of urosepsis after percutaneous nephrolithotomy.Methods:The risk factors associated with urosepsis following PCNL(Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy) were identified by meta-analysis. Based on the degree of association, different scores were assigned to these risk factors. Finally Risk assessment scoring system for urosepsis after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) was established and validated using ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve. Results:Based on the degree of association, Women, age (≥60yrs), diabetes mellitus, blood routine (White blood cells≥10×109/L), Urinalysis (White blood cells≥+), Urine culture (Positive), stone size(≥2cm), staghorn stone, hydronephrosis (moderate-severe) were assigned 3, 2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 2 points respectively with a total score of 21 points. The area under the ROC(Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve was 0.913, at the cut-off point of 8.5, the sensitivity and specificity were 90% and 89.4% respectively. Conclusions:The PuRass scoring system could be a useful tool in predicting the risk of urosepsis after PCNL(Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy). Clinician should pay attention to patients with a score above 8.5 during the perioperative period.

Based on the contingency theory, this paper uses the panel data of 41 A-share listed companies in China from 2016 to 2019 to convert the product-level data from C-CSI database into enterprise-level data, and then extracts the listed companies involved by using fixed effect model and random effect model respectively. This paper analyzes the impact of information technology investment on customer satisfaction, tests the moderating effect of environmental turbulence and marketing intensity, and carries out a robustness analysis to ensure the reliability of the research results. The results show that: (1) IT investment has a positive impact on customer satisfaction. (2) Environmental turbulence negatively moderates the relationship between the two, but IT investment still positively affects customer satisfaction. (3) Marketing intensity positively adjusts the negative adjustment relationship between IT and CS caused by environmental turbulence. In short, increasing marketing intensity under the condition of environmental turbulence can alleviate the new negative adjustment caused by environmental turbulence. The conclusion of the study provides some experience for enterprises to make IT investment decisions under the current global situation.

The locations and breathing signal of people in disaster areas are significant information for search and rescue missions in prioritizing operations to save more lives. For detecting the living people who are lying on the ground and covered with dust, debris or ashes, a motion magnification-based method has recently been proposed. This current method estimates the locations and breathing signal of people from a drone video by assuming that only human breathing-related motions exist in the video. However, in natural disasters, background motions, such as swing trees and grass caused by wind, are mixed with human breathing, that distort this assumption, resulting in misleading or even no life signs locations. Therefore, the life signs in disaster areas are challenging to be detected due to the undesired background motions. Note that human breathing is a natural physiological phenomenon, and it is a periodic motion with a steady peak frequency, while background motion always involves complex space-time behaviors, their peak frequencies seem to be variable over time. Therefore, in this work we analyze and focus on the frequency properties of motions to model a frequency variability feature used for extracting only human breathing, while eliminating irrelevant background motions in the video, which would ease the challenge in detection and localization of life signs. The proposed method was validated with both drone and camera videos recorded in the wild. The average precision measures of our method for drone and camera videos were 0.94 and 0.92, which are higher than that of compared methods, demonstrating that our method is more robust and accurate to background motions. The implications and limitations regarding the frequency variability feature were discussed.

Design for X (DFX) issue in product design and development is generally considered in the late design process, e.g., detailed design phase. DFX issue plays a crucial role in determining cost, time and quality of product design. Due to the current DFX, research pays little attention to incorporate the industrial design, and the industrial design is rarely taken into account in the early design phase; design iteration is unavoidable. This paper identifies the new X issues requires in development of product life cycle design methodology, and then proposes a Design Merged X (DMX) framework to combine industrial design and product design with existing DFX methods. A process model of how to apply the DMX framework is also presented. An illustrative case is presented to show how the proposed DMX framework can be used to fulfill the new design process with considering the industrial design in the early design phase. Results of this study contribute new knowledge to DFX field.

With the development of modern communication technology, the traditional power grid can no longer meet the needs of massive electricity data collection and processing. Adapting to this change, the Information-Centric Networking is combined with the power communication network. We studied several cache strategies in Information-Centric Networking and then proposed an improved cache scheme based on betweenness and hops. Finally, the improved cache strategy is compared with three other strategies. The simulation results showed that the repetition rate of content traffic is effectively reduced and the performance of power network can be optimized using the improved strategy.

To carry out large-scale teacher training through MOOCs is an important way for teacher professional education in the network age. To make the development of MOOCs more adapt to the characteristics of teachers, we should investigate the teachers' learning pattern in MOOCs. This article uses the teacher professional ability enhancement course "Micro-class Design and Production" as a sample, which is delivered through "iCourse", a platform for Chinese higher education elaborate open courses. Through the analysis of the typical learning data within the course, i.e., the registration rate and the completion rate of the students, the utilization of the learning resources and the interactive behavior on the course discussion board, the author found the behavioral characteristics and patterns of the teachers demonstrated through their learning in the MOOC. In the paper, the authors also proposed corresponding suggestions for the improvement of curriculum development quality.

Composites are widely used in aviation, aerospace and other fields because of their high specific strength, high specific stiffness and easy molding. However, in the process of using the concentrated stress, heavy shocks may form different degrees of damage. Especially, the internal delamination will reduce the stability and safety of the structure. Based on the analysis of damage location and damage degree, the size of delamination of composite is studied. The Explicit module of ABAQUS software is used to carry out finite element simulation to obtain the propagation signals of different delamination sizes. A model of between signal and delamination size is established based on support vector machines. It is proved that this method can precisely identify the size of the delamination.

In this paper, the scattering principium and the two-dimensional distribution of Bragg lobes are discussed. Based on theoretical calculation, how to avoid Bragg lobes in principal plane by tilting the antenna aperture is researched. In order to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis, monostatic RCS of a 20×20 array with different tilting angles are simulated. A good agreement between theoretical analysis and simulation can be observed. The simulated results show that appropriate tilting angle has an obviously effect on the RCS reduction.

The sci-tech novelty search institutes have accumulated a large number of novelty search commissioned data, processed scientific and technical information, professional novelty search reports and other valuable information. The statistical analysis of the information mentioned above can reflect the characteristics of one regions sci-tech innovation activities from one perspective. In this paper, based on the information of novelty search projects accomplished by Beijing Municipal Institute of Science and Technology Information in 2007-2011, we make statistical analysis on the subjects of the novelty search projects, and obtain four hotspot research fields of Beijing municipal sci-tech innovation in nearly five years: electronic information, new energy and energy efficient, optical mechanical and electronic integration, resource and environment. Then the important research branches in each hotspot research field are figured out. And one typical sci-tech innovation case is given in each hotspot research field. At last, based on the analysis of novelty search projects, the hotspots in four research fields mentioned above are put forward for the researchers to reference and make new breakthrough.

The Chinese government departments and enterprises increased emphasis on service outsourcing, especially on knowledge process outsourcing which has knowledge-intensive characteristics. Because the increasing demands for the knowledge services in the current market competition, the Scientific and Technical Information Institutes (as the knowledge service organizations), faced the huge market opportunities, but also faced the huge market challenges. In this paper, based on the service status of the institutes, we select some typical knowledge services modes such as media monitoring, industrial monitoring, and patent information service for SWOT model analysis. And we make the SO, WO, ST, WT strategy research. The SWOT model analysis can help the institutes establish proper understandings and assessments of their competitive strengths. Therefore they can make full use of their advantages, overcome the disadvantages, and develop varieties of knowledge service products suitable for the market demands. Through the efforts, the KPO services will become one of the main business directions for the institutes.

The sci-tech novelty search is a kind of information consulting service, based on the manual and computer retrieval, using the method of comprehensive and contrast analysis, providing the objective facts for the novelty and advancement evaluation of research project approval, sci-tech achievement appraisal, patent application, technology consulting and other innovation activities. The sci-tech novelty search institutions have rich information resources, human resources, customer resources and brand resources to carry out innovative value-added information service. In this paper, we select some value-added information service modes which are suitable to carry out by the novelty search institutes, and make the contrastive analysis between traditional novelty search service and innovative value-added information service. Therefore we make some constructive suggestions for the sci-tech novelty search institutions to increase competitive intelligence service, specific information service, intelligence reporting service, and foreign enterprise credit investigation service basing on the traditional novelty search service.

Combined with color rendering characteristic of the cathode ray tube display,the experiment scheme in which the display shows target grating to measure red-green and blue-yellow color contrast sensitivity was designed.11 observers were measured to obtain the characteristic data of color contrast sensitivity for human visual system,and the data were fitted.According to the experience of the former and theoretic analysis,the CSF mathematics model to reflect human color vision characteristics was put forward,and the results were compared with foreign ones.The results show that the CSF model based on the display measurement,fitting and theoretic analysis can better reflect the human visual system characteristics.The CSF model is a scientific mathematical model reflecting human visual system characteristic.

The acquisition of radioresistance by esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESC) cells during radiotherapy may lead to cancer recurrence and poor survival. Previous studies have demonstrated that ionizing radiation (IR) induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of ESC cells accompanied by increased migration, invasion, and radioresistance. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of IR-induced EMT and radioresistance are not well established, hampering the development of potential solutions. To address this issue, we investigated the role of the IL-6/STAT3/TWIST signaling pathway in IR-induced EMT. We found not only the pathway was activated during IR-induced EMT but also STAT3 inhibition or Twist depletion reversed the EMT process and attenuated radioresistance. These results improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in IR-induced EMT and suggest potential interventions to prevent EMT-induced acquisition of radioresistance.

LED light source are increasingly concerned because of its low power consumption, long service life. However, key technology of LED lighting is still controlled by foreign countries. J2EE-based remote monitoring system is designed to implement digital control which offers strong support to LED lighting technology to amplify effect, develop application and upgrade technology.

Based on the contrast sensitivity characteristics of human vision system and image features,a method was proposed to calculate the just noticeable difference thresholds of different frequencies of spectrum image.The thresholds was utilized to determine the watermark embedding and extraction.The watermarking scheme was designed,validated by experiment,and tested by attack,the results show that the peak signal noise ratio are all larger than 30 dB when JPEG compression quality factor is bigger than 30%,which indicates that the watermarks are well concealed.Normalized correlation value could still get to 0.653 9 under the case of compression quality factor of 20%,and the extracted watermarks could still clearly be seen intuitively.

Background\ud The position of invasive urodynamic testing (IUT) in diagnostic pathways for urinary incontinence is unclear, and systematic reviews have called for further trials evaluating clinical utility. The objective of this study was to inform the decision whether to proceed to a definitive randomised trial of IUT compared to clinical assessment with non-invasive tests, prior to surgery in women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) or stress-predominant mixed urinary incontinence (MUI).\ud \ud Methods\ud A mixed methods study comprising a pragmatic multicentre randomised pilot trial, a qualitative face-to face interview study with patients eligible for the trial, an exploratory economic evaluation including value of information study, a survey of clinicians’ views about IUT, and qualitative telephone interviews with purposively sampled survey respondents. Only the first and second of these elements are reported here.\ud \ud Trial participants were randomised to either clinical assessment with non-invasive tests (control arm) or clinical assessment with non-invasive tests plus IUT (intervention arm).\ud \ud The main outcome measures of these feasibility studies were confirmation that units can identify and recruit eligible women, acceptability of investigation strategies and data collection tools, and acquisition of outcome data to determine the sample size for a definitive trial. The primary outcome proposed for a definitive trial was ICIQ-FLUTS (total score) 6 months after surgery or the start of nonsurgical treatment.\ud \ud Results\ud Of 284 eligible women, 222 (78 %) were recruited, 165/219 (75 %) returned questionnaires at baseline, and 125/200 returned them (63 %) at follow-up. Most women underwent surgery; management plans were changed in 19 (19 %) participants following IUT.\ud \ud Participants interviewed were positive about the trial and the associated documentation.\ud \ud Conclusions\ud All elements of a definitive trial were rehearsed. Such a trial would require between 232 and 922 participants, depending on the target difference in the primary outcome. We identified possible modifications to our protocol for application in a definitive trial including clarity over inclusion/exclusions, screening processes, reduction in secondary outcomes, and modification to patient questionnaire booklets and bladder diaries. A definitive trial of IUT versus clinical assessment prior to surgery for SUI or stress predominant MUI is feasible and remains relevant.\ud \ud Trial registration\ud Current Controlled Trials: ISRCTN71327395, registered 7 June 2010.

The typical BDI (belief desire intention) model of agent is not efficiently computable and the strict logic expression is not easily applicable to the AUV (autonomous underwater vehicle) domain with uncertainties. In this paper, an AUV fuzzy neural BDI model is proposed. The model is a fuzzy neural network composed of five layers: input (beliefs and desires), fuzzification, commitment, fuzzy intention, and defuzzification layer. In the model, the fuzzy commitment rules and neural network are combined to form intentions from beliefs and desires. The model is demonstrated by solving PEG (pursuit-evasion game), and the simulation result is satisfactory.

It is necessary for mine countermeasure systems to recognise the model of a water mine before destroying because the destroying measures to be taken must be determined according to mine model. In this paper, an immune neural network (INN) along with water mine model recognition system based on multi-agent system is proposed. A modified clonal selection algorithm for constructing such an INN is presented based on clonal selection principle. The INN is a two-layer Boolean network whose number of outputs is asion, and the affinity threshold also can control the capability of noise tolerance.

Endogenous retinoic acid may play a role in inducing smooth muscle differentiation in the fetal ductus arteriosus. Maternal administration of retinoic acid may accelerate the process. This study was designed to investigate the effect of vitamin A on developmental changes in the contractile system of the ductus. Vitamin A was injected into pregnant rats and the ductus was isolated from the fetus at 19, 20, or 21 d of gestation. The fetus at 19 d of gestation served as a model of the preterm fetus. The force of contraction and [Ca]i were measured. Membrane depolarization caused by high KCl induced ductal contraction in all age groups studied. In the 19-d fetus, O2 did not cause significant contraction or changes in [Ca]i in the control group, but it did induce a significant contraction and increases in [Ca]i in the vitamin A-treated group. In the 20- and 21-d fetuses, 5% O2-induced contraction in the vitamin A-treated group was significantly greater than in the control group. In the 19-d fetus, noradrenaline-induced contraction and increases in [Ca]i, indicators of the size of the intracellular Ca pool, were observed and they were similar in the control group and in the vitamin A-treated group. These data suggest that 1) in the preterm fetus, the contractile system, including membrane depolarization, [Ca]i increase, and its activation of contractile proteins, is already functioning, but the O2-sensing mechanism is underdeveloped, 2) vitamin A accelerates the development of the O2-sensing mechanism of the ductus arteriosus.

We should evaluate improvement in enterprises' financial management ability appropriately and let enterprises know their advantages and disadvantages in the aspect of financial management ability clearly and improve their weak management aspects with pertinence so that enterprises can enhance their financial management ability and level practically. Thus, this thesis will discuss current situations about evaluation on enterprises' financial management ability. Based on this, it proposes we should construct a scientific, reasonable and feasible evaluation index system about financial management ability as soon as possible to indicate directions for practical improvement in enterprises' financial management ability 1. Background Research on enterprises' financial management ability starts late in China and many scholars only study definition of concepts about the ability unilaterally. As a result, profound research on construction of evaluation index system about financial management ability is lacked, let alone construction of a mature model related to evaluation index system about enterprises' financial management ability. Therefore, under high requirements of modern enterprise system, Chinese enterprises should solve this problem as quickly as possible and try to construct an appropriate o evaluation index system about financial management ability based on their own practical situations in order to improve their financial management level and obtain more powerful market competitiveness.

In order to solve the enormous pressure of the stereo video surveillance mass data storage and transmission, the human visual system(HVS) is introduced into the stereo video compressing coding by researchers, but the perception mechanism of inter-view and the inherent characteristics of monitoring the scene are neglected, hence the coding efficiency is affected. Therefore, this paper puts forward the surveillance-oriented binocular stereo video attention model for video coding. Firstly, the paper analyzes the binocular competition perception mechanism of stereo video, then, it builds up an attention model of binocular stereo video coding framework, lastly, it is applied perception rate allocation. It is expected that in the case of the same subjective quality, this research can reduce 20% of the coding bitrates to meet the professional needs of video surveillance system from 2D to stereo upgrade and updating.

Combining the character of landscape and the theory of Markov chain, this paper inferred the forecast model of fuzzy weight Markov chain. The new model which was called FWMC to predict the future value of cultivated land demand in land use planning. Factors to consider in driving conditions was used in this model, the real response to landscape pattern change position using a weighted Markov transfer based on prior forecast model. This developed the predictable method of Markov chain and widened the practice range. Finally, the rate of change of landscaper cover was simulated by using existing data. The author applied GIS technology and mathematics model to calculate the change of Jiangsu' landscape for many years. The results provided the scientific basis for the development of sustainable economy. And these showed that the new method was more scientific and practical than traditional predictive models.

Multi-factor of regional social relates to the landscape pattern, Model can simulate the drive mechanism can result by computer simulation . This paper inferred the forecast model of fuzzy weight Markov chain. The new model which is called FWMC to predict the future, combining the character of landscape and the theory of Markov chain, value of cultivated land demand in land use planning. Factors to consider in driving conditions is used in this model, the real response to landscape pattern change position using a weighted Markov transfer based on prior forecast model . This developed the predictable method of Markov chain and widened the practice range . Finally, by using existing data to simulate the rate of change of landscape cover. Changes in landscape structure simulation predicted The author applies GIS technology and mathematics model to calculate the change of Jiangsu’ landscape for many years. The results provided the scientific basis for the development of sustainable economy. And show that the new method is more scientific and practical than traditional predictive models.

Image segmentation plays an important role in both qualitative and quantitative analysis of medical ultrasound images. Recently cluster ensemble techniques have been shown to be effective in image segmentation, but selecting ensemble approaches to combine multiple clusterers is critical problem in image segmentation with cluster ensemble. In this paper a new ensemble approach with the spectral graph theory is proposed. Specifically, base clusterers are obtained by K-means cluster algorithm firstly. Secondly, the similarities matrix is constructed based on results of base clusterers. Thirdly, the image is segmented using cluster ensemble approach which integrates K-means clusters using improved spectral cluster algorithm based on the similarities matrix. Experimental results show that the proposed method performs better than some existing cluster ensemble techniques without high computational cost.

This image partition plays an important role in both qualitative and quantitative analysis of medical ultrasound images. But medical ultrasound images have features of poor contrast and strong speckle noise and segmenting result may not be satisfactory with traditional image segmentation method. Medical ultrasound images are segmented using image segmentation method based on texture feature and graph cut in this paper. The texture feature parameters are obtained according to gray level co-occurrence matrix. The similarities matrix is made based on texture feature parameters and gray intensity of pixel. We use the spectral graph theoretic framework of Normalized cuts to find partitions of an image based on the similarities matrix. Experimental results show that the method is an effective segmentation method for medical ultrasonic image.

Background/Aim: Expression alteration of Glypican-3 (GPC3) is associated with several malignancies and has been identified as an overexpressed gene in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study GPC3 expression in intrahepatic chanlangiocarcinoma (ICC), gallbladder cancer and HCC was quantitatively detected. Methods: Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression level of GPC3. Results: GPC3 expression was elevated more than two-fold in HCC compared with adjacent tissue in 90 of 100 HCC cases. The average expression level of GPC3 was significantly higher in HCC than that in adjacent liver tissues (P

The colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNP) are synthesized by the classic Frens' method, and the sandwich-structured AuNP/graphene oxide/AuNP (AuNP/GO/AuNP) composite materials are constructed on the phosphorus doped diamond-like carbon film by the interface self-assembling. The surface enhanced Raman scattering behaviors of the AuNP/GO/AuNP composites are investigated by using the rhodamine B (RhB) as the probe molecules. Our results indicate that the Raman intensity of RhB obtained from the AuNP/GO/AuNP composites shows a 16.5-fold increase over that from the AuNP monolayer due to the coupled effect of chemical enhancement of GO and localized electromagnetic field enhancement of plasmonic gold. The designed composite materials with metal/GO/metal sandwich configuration exhibit great potential applications in biochemical analysis, environmental monitoring, disease controlling, and food safety.

A novel eigenvalue method is proposed to calculate the band structure of lossy and dispersive photonic crystal (PC). Using an idea from quantum transport problem, a standard linear eigenvalue equation rather than a nonlinear eigenvalue equation is obtained by a rigorous and artful transformation. And the physical parameters of lossy and dispersive PC are obtained by solving the linear eigenvalue equation using finite-difference frequency-domain (FDFD) method. Compared with other methods, the proposed method has great features, such as clear concept, simple calculation, less computing time and storage. A dielectric PC is simulated by the proposed method, and the results accord well with those from the traditional FDFD method, which verifies the validity of the proposed method. Moreover, the dispersion relation of the lossy and dispersive PC is calculated by the proposed method, and the surface plasmon frequency is obtained. Furthermore, the influence of loss on the dispersion relation and eigenmode field distribution is studied. The results provide some theoretical guidance for studying the lossy and dispersive PC.

In order to improve the intelligence and work efficiency of an in-tank wall-climbing robot,a robot localization system using passive acoustic source localization technique is designed.The system receives audio signals emitted from robot with microphone array,and processes the signals with an improved localization method based on time delay estimation, thus the localization of robot is completed.Audio signal processing methods related to the system are represented and the localization data is processed with the Kalman filter algorithm.The system is proved that the positioning error is no more than 12 cm within 15 m.

As an autonomous navigation method, X-ray pulsar navigation can provide position, timing and attitude information for various spacecrafts. Since the X-rays (1-20 keV) from the pulsar can not penetrate the earth atmosphere, an X-ray source in laboratory needs to be set up to test and calibrate the detector. In this paper an arbitrary X-ray pulse source to simulate the neutron pulsar signal is proposed. The main components of the simulation source are a grid controlled X-ray tube and arbitrary pulse generation electronics. With the arbitrary pulse voltage applied to the tube grid, the X-ray intensity is controlled. Through electron optics design, the tube electrode parameters are optimized. A grid controlled X-ray tube is fabricated and tested. Using a micro-channel plate detector to detect and reconstruct the generated X-ray pulses, the similarity between the accumulated profile and the original pulsar profile is better than 95%. The frequency stability of the pulsar source emulator is about 2×10-11.

Two SiO2/Si interface structures, which are described by the double bonded model (DBM) and the bridge oxygen model (BOM), have been theoretically studied via first-principle calculations. First-principle simulations demonstrate that the width of the transition region for the interface structure described by DBM is larger than that for the interface structure described by BOM. Such a difference will result in a difference in the gate leakage current. Tunneling current calculation demonstrates that the SiO2/Si interface structure described by DBM leads to a larger gate leakage current.

Azobenzene polymer films doped with and without Ag nanoparticles are prepared. The photoinduced reorientation process is investigated by using an Nd:YVO4 pump beam at 532 nm and a low semiconductor laser beam at 650 nm. The reorientation rate of azo polymer films is enhanced in the presence of Ag nanoparticles, and the rate of the azo polymer film with Ag concentration of 2.2 μg/ml is larger than that of the azo polymer films with Ag concentrations of 1.1 μg/ml and 4.4μg/ml. The third-order nonlinear optical properties of the Ag/azo composite film are obtained by the Z-scan technique at a wavelength of 532 nm, and the measured nonlinear refractive index is 9.258 × 10−9 esu. It is shown that the main mechanisms involved in the large nonlinear optical responses come from the local field enhancement of Ag nanoparticles and the nonlinear effect of the azo polymer matrix.